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Merging optical images of tissue sections with the spatial distributions of molecules seen by imaging mass spectrometry is a powerful approach to better understand the metabolic roles of the mapped molecules. Here, we use histologically friendly desorption electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) to map the lipid distribution in tissue sections of ovaries from cows (N = 8), sows (N = 3), and mice (N = 12). Morphologically friendly DESI-MS imaging allows the same sections to be examined for morphological information. Independent of the species, ovarian follicles, corpora lutea, and stroma could be differentiated by principal component analysis, showing that lipid profiles are well conserved among species. As examples of specific findings, arachidonic acid and the phosphatidylinositol PI(38:4), were both found concentrated in the follicles and corpora lutea, structures that promoted ovulation and implantation, respectively. Adrenic acid was spatially located in the corpora lutea, suggesting the importance of this fatty acid in the ovary luteal phase. In summary, lipid information captured by DESI-MS imaging could be related to ovarian structures and data were all conserved among cows, sows, and mice. Further application of DESI-MS imaging to either physiological or pathophysiological models of reproductive conditions will likely expand knowledge of the roles of specific lipids and pathways in ovarian activity and mammalian fertility.

Apesar da importância de proteínas (PTN), lipídios (LIP) e Cálcio (Ca) no desenvolvimento de recém-nascidos algumas lacunas acerca das possíveis diferenças no leite de genitoras a termo (LMAT) comparado ao leite de genitoras pré-termo (LMPT) precisam ser elucidadas. É objetivo deste estudo caracterizar adaptações fisiológicas e nutricionais comparando o LMAT com o LMPT, especificamente em relação às PTN, LIP ou Ca. Para tal, foi realizada uma revisão narrativa nas bases Google Acadêmico e PubMed, no período de 2004 a 2020, com idiomas em português e inglês. Foram critérios de inclusão: artigos e teses que discutiam a composição nutricional do leite considerando teor de LIP, PTN ou Ca. Para a realização da pesquisa os seguintes termos livres foram relacionados: Leite materno, pré-termo, a termo, proteína, lipídeos e cálcio. Em conclusão, o conjunto de estudos demonstra haver variação no conteúdo de PTN e LIP quando se compara o LMPT ao LMAT, o que ocorre possivelmente pela necessidade diferenciada dos bebês para cada situação. Adicionalmente, verifica-se carência de Ca no LMPT, o que não atende as necessidades nutricionais de prematuros. Estes dados permitem a particularização para o aleitamento materno exclusivo e a compreensão das especificidades fisiológicas e nutricionais nestas diferentes condições de gestação.

Steatosis is the accumulation of neutral lipids in the cytoplasm. In the liver, it is associated with overeating and a sedentary lifestyle, but may also be a result of xenobiotic toxicity and genetics. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) defines an array of liver conditions varying from simple steatosis to inflammation and fibrosis. Over the last years, autophagic processes have been shown to be directly associated with the development and progression of these conditions. However, the precise role of autophagy in steatosis development is still unclear. Specifically, autophagy is necessary for the regulation of basic metabolism in hepatocytes, such as glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, response to insulin and glucagon signaling, and cellular responses to free amino acid contents. Also, genetic knockout models for autophagy-related proteins suggest a critical relationship between autophagy and hepatic lipid metabolism, but some results are still ambiguous. While autophagy may seem necessary to support lipid oxidation in some contexts, other evidence suggests that autophagic activity can lead to lipid accumulation instead. This structured literature review aims to critically discuss, compare, and organize results over the last 10 years regarding rodent steatosis models that measured several autophagy markers, with genetic and pharmacological interventions that may help elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved.

The lipid composition impacts directly on the structure and function of the cytoplasmic as well as organelle membranes. Depending on the type of membrane, specific lipids are required to accommodate, intercalate, or pack membrane proteins to the proper functioning of the cells/organelles. Rather than being only a physical barrier that separates the inner from the outer spaces, membranes are responsible for many biochemical events such as cell-to-cell communication, protein-lipid interaction, intracellular signaling, and energy storage. Photochemical reactions occur naturally in many biological membranes and are responsible for diverse processes such as photosynthesis and vision/phototaxis. However, excessive exposure to light in the presence of absorbing molecules produces excited states and other oxidant species that may cause cell aging/death, mutations and innumerable diseases including cancer. At the same time, targeting key compartments of diseased cells with light can be a promising strategy to treat many diseases in a clinical procedure called Photodynamic Therapy. Here we analyze the relationships between membrane alterations induced by photo-oxidation and the biochemical responses in mammalian cells. We specifically address the impact of photosensitization reactions in membranes of different organelles such as mitochondria, lysosome, endoplasmic reticulum, and plasma membrane, and the subsequent responses of eukaryotic cells.

Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of ginge (Zingiber officinale) in reducing blood sugar and lipid levels in people with type 2 diabetes. Method: a randomized and double-blind clinical trial conducted with people with type 2 diabetes in primary care facilities. The study included individuals aged between 20 and 80 years old, using oral antidiabetic drugs and with HbA1c levels between 6.0% and 10%. The participants were paired 1:1, allocated in two distinct groups, and randomized in blocks, based on their HbA1c levels. In the experimental group, the participants used 1.2g of ginger and, in the control group, 1.2g of placebo, daily for 90 days. The primary outcome was a reduction in fasting blood sugar and HbA1c, and the secondary outcome was a reduction in lipids and HOMA-IR. 103 individuals completed the study, 47 in the experimental group and 56 in the control group. Results: the participants in the experimental group showed a greater reduction in the blood glucose and total cholesterol values compared to the control group. Conclusion: the use of ginger can help in the treatment of people with diabetes, and data support the inclusion of this herbal drug in the clinical practice of nurses. RBR-2rt2wy Objetivo: avaliar a efetividade do gengibre (Zingiber officinale) na redução de níveis glicêmicos e lipídicos de pessoas com diabetes tipo 2. Método: ensaio clínico randomizado, duplo cego, conduzido com pessoas com diabetes tipo 2, em unidades de atenção primária à saúde. Foram incluídos no estudo indivíduos com idade entre 20 e 80 anos, em uso de antidiabéticos orais e com valores de HbA1c entre 6,0% e 10%. Os participantes foram pareados de 1:1, alocados em dois grupos distintos e randomizados em blocos, com base nos valores de HbA1c. No grupo experimental os participantes usaram 1,2g de gengibre, e no grupo controle 1,2g de placebo, diariamente, durante 90 dias. Os desfechos primários foram a redução da glicemia venosa de jejum e HbA1c, e os secundários a redução dos lipídicos e HOMA-IR. 103 pessoas concluíram o estudo, encontrando-se 47 no grupo experimental e 56 no grupo controle. Resultados: os participantes do grupo experimental apresentaram melhor redução dos valores de glicemia e colesterol total, em comparação com o grupo controle. Conclusão: o uso do gengibre pode auxiliar o tratamento das pessoas com a diabetes, e os dados dão suporte para a inserção desse fitoterápico na prática clínica dos enfermeiros. RBR-2rt2wy Objetivo: evaluar la eficacia del jengibre (Zingiber officinale) en la reducción de los niveles glucémicos y de lípidos en personas con diabetes tipo 2. Método: ensayo clínico aleatorizado y doble ciego, realizado con personas con diabetes tipo 2 en unidades de atención primaria de salud. Se incluyeron en el estudio individuos con edades comprendidas entre 20 y 80 años, que utilizaban antidiabéticos orales y con valores de HbA1c entre 6,0% y 10%. Los participantes fueron comparados de forma equitativa (1:1), asignados a dos grupos distintos y aleatorizados en bloques, basados en sus valores de HbA1c. En el grupo experimental, los participantes utilizaron 1,2 g de jengibre, y en el grupo de control 1,2 g de placebo, diariamente durante 90 días. Los resultados primarios fueron la reducción de glucemia venosa en ayunas y de HbA1c, y los resultados secundarios fueron la reducción de lípidos y del índice HOMA-IR. El estudio contó con la participación de 103 personas, 47 en el grupo experimental y 56 en el grupo de control. Resultados: los participantes del grupo experimental presentaron una mayor reducción en los valores de glucosa y colesterol total, en comparación con el grupo de control Conclusión: el uso del jengibre puede ayudar en el tratamiento de personas con diabetes, y los datos respaldan la introducción de este fitoterapéutico en la práctica clínica de los enfermeros. RBR-2rt2wy

Objective: to analyze the effect of vertical gastrectomy on lipid profile and cardiometabolic risk in young women, preoperatively and 6 months after the operation. Methods: retrospective study, encompassing medical record reviews of women’s charts, preoperatively and in six months after the operation. Data collection was performed in the second half of 2015, using a review protocol with questions on the clinical-laboratory profile, anthropometric and laboratory classification of dyslipidemias. Descriptive and inferential analysis were used to treat the variables, using measures of variance, association and linear regression. Results: we analyzed medical records of 114 women undergoing vertical gastrectomy, with a mean age of 33.82±10.92, and with complete high school education. There was a significant reduction of anthropometric data, as well as serum lipid values, six months after the surgical procedure. The coefficients of determination and the results of linear regression, showed that the reduction in serum triglyceride values and increase in high-density lipoprotein have a direct impact on the reduction of the cardiometabolic risk. Regarding the laboratory classification of dyslipidemias, it was observed that the majority presented a significant reduction at the six-month follow-up. Mixed hyperlipidemia showed no significant reduction. The categorized cardiometabolic risk showed a significant reduction in women at risk before vertical gastrectomy. Conclusion: at the six-month follow-up, vertical gastrectomy was effective in reducing the serum lipid profile and the cardiometabolic risk of young women when compared to the preoperative data. There was also a different improvement in the laboratory classification of dyslipidemias at the six-month follow-up after the surgical procedure. RESUMO Objetivo: analisar o efeito da gastrectomia vertical no perfil lipídico e risco cardiometabólico em mulheres jovens, no pré-operatório e com seis meses de seguimento. Métodos: estudo retrospectivo, realizado a partir de consultas a prontuários de mulheres, no pré-operatório e com seis meses de seguimento. A coleta de dados foi realizada no segundo semestre de 2015, utilizando-se roteiro com questões sobre o perfil clínico-laboratorial, antropométrico e da classificação laboratorial das dislipidemias. Para tratamento das variáveis, foi utilizada análise descritiva e inferencial, por meio de medidas de variância, associação e regressão linear. Resultados: foram analisados prontuários de 114 mulheres submetidas a gastrectomia vertical, com idade média de 33,82±10,92 e ensino médio completo. Houve redução significativa da antropometria, como também dos valores séricos dos lipídios após seis meses de seguimento do procedimento cirúrgico. Os coeficientes de determinação, resultados da regressão linear, mostraram que a redução dos valores séricos dos triglicerídeos e o aumento da lipoproteína de alta densidade têm explicação direta na redução do risco cardiometabólico. Quanto à classificação laboratorial das dislipidemias, observou-se que a maioria apresentou redução significativa, no seguimento de seis meses. A hiperlipidemia mista não teve redução significativa. O risco cardiometabólico, categorizado, teve redução significativa em mulheres que apresentavam risco antes da gastrectomia vertical. Conclusão: no seguimento de seis meses, houve eficácia da gastrectomia vertical na redução dos valores séricos do perfil lipídico e do risco cardiometabólico de mulheres jovens, em relação ao período pré-operatório. A classificação laboratorial das dislipidemias também teve redução dos parâmetros, no seguimento de seis meses após o procedimento cirúrgico.

Based on the fact that taurine can increase lipid metabolism, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of different doses of acute taurine supplementation on lipid oxidation levels in healthy young men after a single bout of fasting aerobic exercise. A double-blind, acute, and crossover study design was conducted. Seventeen men (age 24.8 &plusmn, 4.07y, BMI: 23.9 &plusmn, 2.57 kg/m&sup2, ) participated in the present study. Different doses of taurine (TAU) (3 g or 6 g) or placebo were supplemented 90 minutes before a single bout of fasting aerobic exercise (on a treadmill at 60% of VO2 max). The subjects performed three trials, and each one was separated by seven days. Blood samples were collected at baseline and after the exercise protocol of each test to analyze plasma levels of glycerol and taurine. Lipid and carbohydrate oxidation were determined immediately after exercise for 15 minutes by indirect calorimetry. We observed that TAU supplementation (6 g) increased lipid oxidation (38%) and reduced the respiratory coefficient (4%) when compared to the placebo (p &lt, 0.05). However, no differences in lipid oxidation were observed between the different doses of taurine (3 g and 6 g). For glycerol concentrations, there were no differences between trials. Six grams of TAU supplementation 90 minutes before a single bout of aerobic exercise in a fasted state was sufficient to increase the lipid oxidation post-exercise in healthy young men.

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is the treatment of choice for acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) not responding to induction therapy. It is a therapeutic choice for the blast phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML-BP) in patients failing to respond to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Lipid core nanoparticles (LDEs) concentrate severalfold more in blast cells than in corresponding normal cells. Incorporation of anticancer drugs to LDE formulations increases the pharmacologic action and decreases the toxicity. We tested a drug-targeting system, LDE-etoposide plus total body irradiation (TBI; 1200 cGy dose), in 13 patients with AML not responding to the induction therapy and in 2 patients with CML-BP refractory to second-generation TKIs. The mean patient age was 46.7 years (range, 22 to 66 years). The LDE-etoposide dose was escalated at 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 mg/kg. No patients developed grade 4 or 5 toxicity; however, mucositis grade 3 occurred in 6 patients, 3 patients experienced diarrhea, and 1 patient had an elevated total bilirubin level. No deaths were related to conditioning. All patients were successfully engrafted. The median times to neutrophil and platelet engraftment were 20 ± 5 days and 16 ± 4 days, respectively. Five patients (33.4%) had acute graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD), including 4 grade I, and 1 with grade II, and 8 patients (57.1%) had moderate-to-severe chronic GVHD. This pilot study shows the potential of LDE-etoposide plus TBI as an HCT conditioning regimen in AML patients not responding to the induction and refractory therapies for CML-BP patient. These findings pave the way for subsequent larger clinical trials.

The present study suggests that insulin resistance has no association with bone quantity, but quality. The literature has contradictory results concerning the influence of insulin resistance on bone. The present study sought to evaluate the association of insulin resistance and adipose tissue with either bone mineral density or the trabecular bone score. The study included 56 individuals (36 women and 20 men): age = 46.6 ± 14.2 years, weight = 67.8 ± 10.9 kg, height = 1.65 ± 0.10 m and BMI = 24.8 ± 3.9 kg/m2. The investigational protocol included biochemical determinations and bone assessment by dual X-ray absorptiometry for evaluation of bone mineral density and trabecular bone score. Magnetic resonance was employed to estimate visceral, subcutaneous and bone marrow adipose tissues, as well as intrahepatic lipids. The bone mineral density of the lumbar spine, femoral neck and total hip were not associated with insulin resistance-related parameters [visceral adipose tissue, intrahepatic lipids and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)]. In contrast, there was a negative relationship between the trabecular bone score and all these components. The association between the trabecular bone score and HOMA-IR was reinforced after adjustment for age and BMI. Marrow adipose tissue was negatively associated with both bone mineral density and trabecular bone score. The present study shows that the trabecular bone score is negatively associated with marrow adipose tissue, insulin resistance, visceral adipose tissue and intrahepatic lipid measurements. Additionally, there was a negative relationship between saturated lipids in marrow adipose tissue and the trabecular bone score. These results encourage further studies to investigate the role of the trabecular bone score exam in the clinical evaluation of osteoporosis in conditions of insulin resistance.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of supplementation with polyunsaturated oil on lipid and mineral blood biomarkers in two different groups of horses. Was used 6 healthy horses in maintenance (MT-g) and 10 healthy horses in marcha gait training (GT-g). The MT-g and the GT-g received 100mL and 300mL/day/animal of combination of polyunsaturated oils, respectively, during 8 weeks. Blood was collected in pre-test and after 4 and 8 weeks, after overnight fasting and it was measured: total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglyceride, NEFA, LPS, glycerol, Ca, P, Mg, and Cl. The supplementation produced significant increase in NEFA and reduction in lipase in both groups. In addition, the LPS content in both groups had a large decrease (~35%) from the pre-test to the 8th week of supplementation. In the MT-g, the LDL cholesterol and glycerol increased significantly after 4 weeks but returned to the pre-test levels after 8 weeks, and the triglyceride content decreased (~62%) after 4 weeks. The total cholesterol concentration in the GT-g increased after 4 weeks (~70%), but after 8 weeks it decreased to levels similar to those observed in the pre-test. The mineral biomarkers increased in the MT-g and GT-g, after 8 weeks. In the MT-g and in the GT-g, Ca decreased. In conclusion, supplementation with a combination of polyunsaturated oils increased NEFA concentration and reduced LPS activity in both groups, unlike the concentrations of the other biomarkers that showed different variations between groups, indicating that both NEFA and LPS the changes in their concentrations during supplementation may be more sensitive and more indicated for these types of evaluation. In addition, some blood mineral concentrations reduced significantly in both groups of horses, and thus, they need to be evaluated in horses under chronic oil supplementation Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da suplementação com uma combinação de óleos poliinsaturado nos biomarcadores lipídicos e minerais sanguíneos em dois diferentes grupos de equinos. Foram utilizados 6 equinos saudáveis em manutenção (MT-g) e 10 equinos saudáveis em treinamento de marcha (GT-g). O MT-g e o GT-g receberam 100,0mL e 300mL/dia/animal de uma combinação de óleos poliinsaturado, respectivamente, durante 8 semanas. O sangue foi coletado no pré-teste e após 4 e 8 semanas, após a noite, medidas: colesterol total, colesterol HDL, colesterol LDL, triglicérides, NEFA, LPS, glicerol, Ca, P, Mg e Cl. A suplementação produziu aumento significativo de NEFA e redução da lipase nos dois grupos. Além disso, o conteúdo de LPS em ambos os grupos ocorreu um decréscimo (~ 35%) desde o pré-teste até a 8ª semana de suplementação. Na MT-g, o colesterol LDL e o glicerol aumentaram significativamente após 4 semanas, mas retornaram aos níveis pré-teste após 8 semanas, e o conteúdo de triglicérides diminuiu (~ 62%) após 4 semanas. A concentração total de colesterol no GT-g aumentou após 4 semanas (~ 70%), mas após 8 semanas diminuiu para valores semelhantes aos observados no pré-teste. Os biomarcadores minerais aumentaram no MT-g e GT-g, após 8 semanas. No MT-g e no GT-g, o Ca diminuiu. Em conclusão, a suplementação com uma combinação de óleos poliinsaturado elevou a concentração do NEFA e reduziu a atividade de LPS em ambos os grupos estudados, diferentemente das concentrações das demais biomarcadores que apresentaram variações diferentes entre os grupos, indicando que tanto o NEFA como a LPS podem ser mais sensíveis as modificações em suas concentrações durante a suplementação e mais indicados para esse tipo de avaliação. Além disso, a concentração sanguínea de alguns minerais reduziu significativamente em ambos os grupos de equinos e, portanto, precisam ser avaliados em cavalos sob suplementação crônica de óleos.

Antioxidant-rich foods may decrease oxidative stress and have a direct impact on atherosclerosis by reducing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation. Our aim was to assess the impact of a flavonoid-rich diet on oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and lipid profile in patients with coronary artery disease submitted to elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Thirty-three patients submitted to elective PCI were randomly allocated to follow either a flavonoid rich antioxidant (AOX) diet or a control diet based on National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III recommendations. Patients were followed for 6 months. Dietary intake was recorded at the start and at the end of the follow-up period, as were oxidative stress markers (ferric reducing ability of plasma and protein sulphydryl) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Patients randomized to follow the AOX diet had a reduction in energy, carbohydrate, and lipid intake, as well as increased flavonoid intake. Compared to the control group, there were no changes in oxidative stress markers or CRP in the patients following the AOX diet, but these patients had a significant decrease in LDL cholesterol levels. In conclusion, the findings of this study suggest that a flavonoid-based antioxidant-rich diet is not associated with reductions in oxidative stress or inflammatory markers 6 months after percutaneous coronary intervention. Nonetheless, patients in the intervention group experienced significant reductions in LDL cholesterol, which may indicate cardiovascular benefits of AOX diets despite of inflammation and oxidative stress markers.

Intestinal villi of Caiman yacare form longitudinal folds instead of the finger-like projections of most birds and mammals. Moreover, they lack Crypts of Lieberkuhn and the lamina epithelialis organization is dynamic, changing from pseudostratified to simple columnar epithelium after feeding. Because of these differences, we sought to verify whether intestinal villi of the crocodilian Caiman yacare are functionally compartmentalized along their length similarly to the finger-like villi that harbors Crypt of Lieberkuhn. For this, Caiman yacare were force-fed soybean oil, the intestinal mucosa was harvested and analyzed under light microscopy after lipid staining or immunohistochemistry for the proliferative marker PCNA. Functional compartmentalization was assessed by evaluating differences in lipid absorption along intestinal villi base-to-tip axis, by localizing the proliferative enterocytes and by verifying whether such cells were capable of absorbing lipids. Histological morphometric analyses of the extent of enterocyte hypertrophy caused by lipid inclusions and the contribution of such inclusions to histological remodeling from pseudostratified to simple columnar epithelium were also evaluated. Although lacking Crypts of Lieberkuhn, enterocytes present at villi base were PCNA positive and devoid of the great amount of lipid inclusions observed in the other intestinal villi domains, in a similar pattern to finger-like villi. Enterocytes doubled their volume because of lipid inclusions, and in spite of such enterocyte hypertrophy, lamina epithelialis continued to be pseudostratified within lateral sides, whereas villi tip were organized in a simple columnar epithelium.

Obesity is characterized by an excessive increase in the adipose tissue mass, and is associated with higher incidence of several chronic metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes. Therefore, its increasing prevalence is a public health concern, and it is important to better understand its etiology to develop new therapeutic strategies. Evidence accumulated over the years indicates that obesity is associated with a marked activation in adipose tissue of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), a signaling pathway that controls lipid metabolism, and adipocyte formation and maintenance. Curiously, mTORC1 is also involved in the control of nonshivering thermogenesis and recruitment as well as browning of white adipose tissue. In this review, we explored mTORC1 functions in adipocytes and presented evidence, suggesting that mTORC1 may either increase or reduce adiposity, depending on the conditions and activation levels.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:33:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-10-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) The persistence of steroid hormones disposed of in the environment may pose risks to the health of humans and wildlife, which brings the need of understanding their mode of action, believed to occur in cell membranes. In this study, we investigate the molecular-level interactions between the synthetic hormone 17 α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) and Langmuir monolayers that represent simplified cell membranes. In surface pressure isotherms, EE2 was found to expand the monolayers at low surface pressures of the positively charged dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DODAB), zwitterionic 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine (DPPC), negatively charged 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol (DPPG), and partially anionized stearic acid (StAc). The largest effects were observed for the charged DODAB and DPPG. At the pressure (30 mN.m−1) corresponding to the molecular packing of a cell membrane, EE2 caused the compressibility modulus to decrease, again with the largest changes occurring for DODAB and DPPG. The effects from EE2 on the packing of the lipid molecules at this high pressure depended essentially on the size of the headgroups, with EE2 contributing to the area per lipid for StAc and DODAB, whose headgroups are small. EE2 interacted with the headgroups of all lipids and StAc, also affecting the ordering of the tails for DODAB, DPPG and DPPC, according to in situ polarization-modulated infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS). Based on the analysis with the two characterization methods, we propose a model for the EE2 positioning and molecular groups involved in the interaction, which should be relevant to unveil the endocrine disrupting action of EE2. São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Technology and Applied Sciences São Carlos Institute of Physics − University of São Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970 São Carlos São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Technology and Applied Sciences

The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) has changed over the last decade, but remains a composite of clinical assessment and magnetic resonance imaging to prove dissemination of lesions in time and space. The intrathecal synthesis of immunoglobulin may be a nonspecific marker and there are no plasma biomarkers that are useful in the diagnosis of MS, presenting additional challenges to their early detection. Methods We performed a preliminary untargeted qualitative lipidomics mass spectrometry analysis, comparing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma samples from patients with MS, other inflammatory neurological diseases and idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Results Lipid identification revealed that fatty acids and sphingolipids were the most abundant classes of lipids in the CSF and that glycerolipids and fatty acids were the main class of lipids in the plasma of patients with MS. The area under the curve was 0.995 (0.912–1) and 0.78 (0.583–0.917), respectively. The permutation test indicated that this ion combination was useful for distinguishing MS from other inflammatory diseases (p < 0.001 and 0.055, respectively). Conclusion This study concluded that the CSF and plasma from patients with MS bear a unique lipid signature that can be useful as a diagnostic biomarker. RESUMO Embora o diagnóstico da EM tenha se modificado na última década, ainda tem como requisito básico a demonstração da disseminação no tempo e no espaço, através do quadro clínico e do exame de ressonância magnética. A síntese intratecal de imunoglobulina pode ser um marcador inespecífico e não há biomarcadores plasmáticos que sejam úteis no diagnóstico da EM, impondo desafios à sua detecção precoce. Métodos Realizamos uma análise lipidômica preliminar por espectrometria de massas, não direcionada, qualitativa, comparando amostras de LCR e plasma de pacientes com EM, outras doenças neurológicas inflamatórias e hipertensão intracraniana idiopática (HII). Resultados A identificação lipídica revelou que os ácidos graxos e esfingolipídios foram as classes mais abundantes de lipídios no LCR e que glicerolipídios e ácidos graxos foram a principal classe de lipídios no plasma de pacientes com EM. A AUC foi de 0,995 (0,912–1) e 0,78 (0,583–0,917), respectivamente. O teste de permutação indicou que essa combinação de íons foi útil para distinguir a EM de outras doenças inflamatórias (p < 0,001 e 0,055, respectivamente). Conclusão Este estudo sugere que o líquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR) e o plasma de pacientes com EM possuem uma assinatura lipídica única, pode ser útil como um biomarcador diagnóstico.

Objetivo: identificar o risco de desenvolvimento de diabetes tipo 2 em enfermeiras e sua relação com as alterações metabólicas. Método: estudo transversal, com 155 enfermeiras. As variáveis investigadas foram: sociodemográficas, índice de massa corporal, a circunferência da cintura, índice cintura-quadril, perfil lipídico, a glicemia basal e a curva oral de tolerância à glicose. Para a coleta de dados utilizou-se o Finnish Diabetes Risk Score. Resultados: Das 155 (100%) enfermeiras, a média de idade foi de 44 anos e 85% apresentavam sobrepeso ou obesidade; 52% tinham história familiar de diabetes e 21%, hiperglicemia ocasional. Em relação ao risco, 59% foram identificados com risco moderado e muito alto de diabetes tipo 2. A glicose, a insulina, a hemoglobina glicosilada A1c e a resistência à insulina aumentaram paralelamente ao aumento do risco de diabetes tipo 2, embora os lipídios não tenham aumentado. 27% das participantes apresentaram glicemia em jejum alterada, 15%, intolerância à glicose e 5%, diabetes tipo 2. Conclusão: houve uma elevada taxa de detecção de risco de diabetes tipo 2 (59%) e a pontuação de risco alto e muito alto foi associado com níveis elevados de hemoglobina glicosilada A1c, glicose, insulina e resistência à insulina, mas não com lipídios. Objective: to detect the risk of development of type 2 diabetes in nurses and its relationship with metabolic alterations. Method: cross-sectional study, with 155 nurses. The variables investigated were: sociodemographic, body mass index, waist circumference, waist-hip index, lipid profile, basal glycemia and oral glucose tolerance curve. The Finnish Diabetes Risk Score was used to collect data. Results: 155 nurses were included, with an average age of 44 years and 85% were overweight or obese. 52% had a family history of diabetes and 21% had occasional hyperglycemia. With respect to the risk, 59% were identified with moderate and very high risk for type 2 diabetes. Glucose, insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c and insulin resistance increased in parallel to the increased risk for type 2 diabetes, although lipids did not increase. 27% of the sample had impaired fasting glycemia. 15% had glucose intolerance and 5% had type 2 diabetes. Conclusion: there was a high detection rate of people at risk for type 2 diabetes (59%) and the high and very high risk score was associated with high levels of glycosylated hemoglobin A1c, glucose, insulin and insulin resistance, but not with lipids. Objetivo: identificar el riesgo de desarrollo de diabetes tipo 2 en enfermeras y su relación con alteraciones metabólicas. Método: estudio transversal, con 155 enfermeras. Las variables investigadas fueron: sociodemográficas, el índice de masa corporal, circunferencia de cintura, índice cintura-cadera, perfil de lípidos, glucemia basal y curva de tolerancia oral a la glucosa. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó el Finnish Diabetes Risk Score. Resultados: De las 155 enfermeras, la edad promedio fue 44 años y 85% tenía sobrepeso u obesidad. El 52% tenía antecedentes familiares de diabetes de primera línea, el 21% hiperglucemia ocasional. Con relación al riesgo, se identificaron 59% con riesgo de diabetes tipo 2 moderado y muy alto. Glucosa, insulina, hemoglobina glucosa A1c y la resistencia a la insulina incrementaron paralelos al aumento del riesgo de diabetes tipo 2, aunque los lípidos no. El 27% de las enfermeras presentó glucemia basal alterada. El 15% tuvo intolerancia a la glucosa y 5% diabetes tipo 2. Conclusión: la detección de riesgo de diabetes tipo 2 fue elevada (59%) y el puntaje de riesgo alto y muy alto se relacionó con valores mayores de hemoglobina glucosa A1c, glucosa, insulina y resistencia a la insulina pero no con lípidos.

Aim: We investigated the kidney morphofunctional consequences of high-fat diet intake since post-weaning in adult rats. Main Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: ND (normal diet; n = 10) and HD (high-fat diet; n = 10). The high-fat diet was introduced post-weaned and animals were followed for 8 weeks. Key Findings: HD group did not change body weight gain even though food consumption has decreased with no changes in caloric consumption. The HD group showed glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was decreased in vivo (ND: 2.8 ± 1.01; HD: 1.1 ± 0.14 ml/min) and in the isolated perfusion method (34% of decrease). Renal histological analysis showed a retraction in glomeruli and an increase in kidney lipid deposition (ND: 1.5 ± 0.17 HD: 5.9 ± 0.06%). Furthermore, the high-fat diet consumption increased the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 (ND: 1,276 ± 203; HD: 1,982 ± 47 pg/mL/mg) and IL-1b (ND: 97 ± 12 HD: 133 ± 5 pg/mL/mg) without changing anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Significance: Our study provides evidence that high-fat diet consumption leads to renal lipid accumulation, increases inflammatory cytokines, induces glomeruli retraction, and renal dysfunction. These damages observed in the kidney could be associated with an increased risk to advanced CKD in adulthood suggesting that reduction of high-fat ingestion during an early period of life can prevent metabolic disturbances and renal lipotoxicity.

Omega 3-docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and vitamin E Delta-tocotrienol (Delta-T3) are extensively studied as protective nutrients against cancer development. Little is known about the biological mechanisms targeted by these bioactive molecules on lipid droplet (LD) biogenesis, an important breast cancer aggressiveness marker, and the occurrence of lipophagy in breast cancer cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of DHA, Delta-T3 and DHA plus Delta-T3 co-treatment in LD biogenesis and lipophagy process in triple negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. Cells were treated with 50 &mu, M DHA and/or 5 &mu, M Delta-T3. Our results demonstrated that DHA can trigger an increase in LD biogenesis and co-treatment with Delta-T3 was able to reduce this LD biogenesis. In addition, we showed that a higher cytoplasmic LD content is associated with a higher breast cancer cells malignance and proliferation. Reduction of cytoplasmic LD content by silencing ADRP (adipose differentiation-related protein), a structural LD protein, also decreased cell proliferation in MDA-MB-231 cells. Treatment with DHA and Delta-T3 alone or co-treatment did not reduce cell viability. Moreover, we showed here that DHA can trigger lipophagy in MDA-MB-231 cells and DHA plus Delta-T3 co-treatment was able to enhance this lipophagy process. Our findings demonstrated that co-treatment with DHA plus Delta-T3 in MDA-MB-231 cells could reduce LD biogenesis and potentiate lipophagy in these cells, possibly having a positive impact to inhibit breast cancer malignancy. Therefore, suitable doses of DHA and Delta-T3 vitamin E isoform supplementation can be a prominent tool in therapeutic treatments against breast cancer.

espanolIntroduccion: las dislipidemias son definidas comunmente por niveles bajos de HDL-c y altos niveles de trigliceridos y LDL-c. Son varios los factores relacionados con esta patogenesis y uno de ellos es el consumo de alcohol, presentado divergencias entre la cantidad y el tipo de bebida alcoholica que debe consumirse para encontrar efectos de asociacion con los parametros lipidicos. Objetivo: investigar la relacion entre el consumo de alcohol y el tipo de bebida alcoholica y los parametros lipidicos HDL-c y trigliceridos en participantes del Estudio Longitudinal de Salud del Adulto (ELSA-Brasil). Metodos: estudio observacional, transversal, desarrollado a partir de los datos de la linea de base del ELSA-Brasil (2008-2010). El consumo de bebidas alcoholicas fue estimado en dosis/semana y categorizado por terciles (1-7, 7-14 y > 14 dosis/semana) y por tipo de bebida alcoholica (cerveza, vino y destilados). Los parametros lipidicos fueron utilizados como datos continuos. Se realizaron modelos de regresion lineal para cada tipo de bebida alcoholica. El nivel de confianza fue del 5%. Resultados: el HDL-c y los trigliceridos aumentaron con el incremento del numero de dosis/semana de cerveza. El consumo de vino de 1-7 y 7-14 dosis/semana elevo el HDL-c. Por el contrario, los trigliceridos tienden a disminuir cuando el consumo es de 1-7 dosis/semana. El consumo de destilados de > 14 dosis/semana aumento las concentraciones de HDL-c. Conclusion: el HDL-c aumento sus niveles plasmaticos con el consumo de todos los tipos de bebidas alcoholicas. Por el contrario, los trigliceridos disminuyen con el consumo de vino. EnglishIntroduction: dyslipidemias are commonly defined by low levels of HDL-c and high levels of triglycerides and LDL-c as an alteration in the functioning of lipoproteins. Several factors are related to this pathogenesis, and one of them is the consumption of alcohol, presenting divergences between the amount and the type of alcoholic drink that must be consumed to find effects of association with the lipid parameters. Objective: to investigate the relationship between alcohol consumption and the type of alcoholic beverage with HDL-c and triglycerides in participants of the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brazil). Methods: observational, cross-sectional study, developed from baseline data from the ELSA-Brazil (2008-2010). The consumption of alcoholic beverages was estimated in doses/week and categorized in tertiles (1-7, 7-14 and > 14 doses/week) and by type of alcoholic beverage (beer, wine and distillates). Lipid parameters were used as continuous data. Linear regression models were performed for each type of alcoholic beverage. The confidence level was 5%. Results: HDL-c and triglycerides increased with the increase in the number of doses/week of beer. The consumption of wine between 1-7 and 7-14 doses/week raises HDL-c. Conversely, triglycerides tend to decrease when consumption is 1-7 doses/week. Consumption of distillates > 14 doses/week increase HDL-c. Conclusion: HDL-c increased plasma levels directly with the consumption of all types of alcoholic beverages. Conversely, triglycerides decrease with wine consumption.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES We investigated if breastfeeding duration and current dietary patterns (DP) were associated with glucose and lipid metabolism biomarkers in women from the Nutritionist's Health Study. SUBJECTS/METHODS This is a cross-sectional analysis of 200 healthy undergraduates and nutrition graduates aged ≤45 years. Total [

Interesterified fats are being widely used by the food industry in an attempt to replace trans fatty acids. The effect of interesterified fats containing palmitic or stearic acids on lipid metabolism and inflammatory signaling pathways in adipose and hepatic tissues was evaluated. Male LDLr-KO mice were fed a high-fat diet containing polyunsaturated (PUFA), palmitic (PALM), palmitic interesterified (PALM INTER), stearic (STEAR), or stearic interesterified (STEAR INTER) fats for 16 weeks. The expression of genes and protein levels involved in lipid metabolism and inflammatory processes in liver and white adipose tissue was determined by quantitative RT-PCR and by Western blot, respectively. The infiltration of inflammatory cells in hepatic and adipose tissues was determined by eosin and hematoxylin, while liver collagen content was determined by Sirius Red staining. Both interesterified fats increased liver collagen content and JNK phosphorylation. Additionally, the STEAR INTER group developed nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) associated with higher neutrophil infiltration. PALM INTER induced adipose tissue expansion and enlargement of adipocytes. Furthermore, PALM INTER triggered increased IKK phosphorylation and TNF&alpha, protein content, conditions associated with the upstream activation of the NFkB signaling pathway. STEAR INTER induced NASH, while PALM INTER triggered hepatic fibrosis and adipocyte hypertrophy with inflammatory response in LDLr-KO mice.

High lipid concentration in ruminant diets often harms nutrient digestibility and feed intake; thus, a protected lipid and antioxidant source can be considered as an alternative for improving diet energy without putting animal production at a disadvantage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dry matter intake (DMI), nutrient digestibility and feeding behavior of cattle fed cottonseed and vitamin E. Six cannulated cows, non-pregnant, non-lactating were distributed in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin Square design. Feed was offered ad libitum twice daily. Treatments were: 1) Control, 2) CS: 30 % cottonseed included; and 3) CSVitE: 30 % cottonseed plus 500 IU VitE included. Data were analyzed by SAS (Statistical Analysis System, v.9.3) and the significance was declared at p < 0.05. Diets with cottonseed had 22 % greater digestibility of ether extract and 9 % lower digestibility of non-fiber-carbohydrates compared to the control. Treatments with cottonseed had 13 % higher time eating, 48 % more ruminating, 34 % more chewing and 17 % lower time idling compared to the control. Molar proportion of propionate was 36 % higher and the butyrate and acetate:propionate ratio were 27 % and 30 % lower, respectively, for the cottonseed treatments compared to the control. Including cottonseed up to 30 % can be used to increase diet energy density leading to improvements in feeding behavior and ruminal parameters. The inclusion of Vitamin E did not result in benefits to cattle when it was combined with cottonseed. Further studies should be undertaken to evaluate vitamin E levels in association with different amounts and lipid sources.

Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) lack progesterone and estrogen receptors and do not have amplified human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, the main therapeutic targets for managing breast cancer. TNBCs have an altered metabolism, including an increased Warburg effect and glutamine dependence, making the glutaminase inhibitor CB-839 therapeutically promising for this tumor type. Accordingly, CB-839 is currently in phase I/II clinical trials. However, not all TNBCs respond to CB-839 treatment, and the tumor resistance mechanism is not yet fully understood. Here we classified cell lines as CB-839–sensitive or –resistant according to their growth responses to CB-839. Compared with sensitive cells, resistant cells were less glutaminolytic and, upon CB-839 treatment, exhibited a smaller decrease in ATP content and less mitochondrial fragmentation, an indicator of poor mitochondrial health. Transcriptional analyses revealed that the expression levels of genes linked to lipid metabolism were altered between sensitive and resistant cells and between breast cancer tissues (available from The Cancer Genome Atlas project) with low versus high glutaminase (GLS) gene expression. Of note, CB-839–resistant TNBC cells had increased carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (CPT2) protein and CPT1 activity levels. In agreement, CB-839–resistant TNBC cells mobilized more fatty acids into mitochondria for oxidation, which responded to AMP-activated protein kinase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase signaling. Moreover, chemical inhibition of both glutaminase and CPT1 decreased cell proliferation and migration of CB-839–resistant cells compared with single inhibition of each enzyme. We propose that dual targeting of glutaminase and CPT1 activities may have therapeutic relevance for managing CB-839–resistant tumors.

The cashew plant (Anacardium occidentale L.) is the source of a wide variety of bioactive compounds consisting of phenolic lipids, mainly present in the spongy shells of cashew nuts. The liquid in the cashew nut shell generated after nut roasting in the food industry, which is usually treated as waste. However, it contains high amount of cardanol that could be used as a building block and are of innumerable applications. Herein, we report the synthesis of eleven 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles, derived from the cardanol, in an environmentally non-egregious fashion, and a cytotoxic evaluation study using the MCF-7 (breast carcinoma), 786-0 (kidney carcinoma) and HT-29 (colon carcinoma) cancer cell lines and cytotoxic evaluations against Trypanosoma cruzi. Five of the eleven triazoles presented high toxicity against the 786-0 kidney cancer cell line. However, no relevant toxicity to the T. cruzi amastigote was observed when compared with benznidazole (standard drug). A cell viability study demonstrated that these compounds act over a broad range of concentrations, which implies that they may be applied even in low doses. These results indicate an alternative use of cardanol in greener synthesis of potent anticancer drug candidates.

The differential expression of many productive and reproductive traits has already been associated with the genotype effect observed between Bos taurus indicus (Bos indicus) and Bos taurus taurus (Bos taurus) breeds. Lipids have a crucial role during oocyte development. The aim of this work was to characterize the lipid profiles of oocytes recovered from dairy breeds: Gir (Bos indicus), Holstein (Bos taurus) and their crossbred (Gir x Holstein). Cumulus-oocyte complexes were collected by ovum pick-up from Gir (n=21), Holstein (n=36), and crossbreed (n=33) cows and submitted to MALDI-MS lipid fingerprint analysis. Multi- and univariate analyses were used to characterize lipid profiles of oocytes derived from each breed. Third lipid profiles (Gir n=7; Holstein n=12; and crossbred n=11) were evaluated and allowed characterization of oocyte's lipids among breeds. The lipid profiles from Gir and Holstein were observed to be the most distinct, whereas Gir and crossbred oocytes presented greater similarities. Overall, a wide-range oocyte lipid profile characterization from distinctive bovine dairy breeds recovered by OPU were provided. We have identified two distinguishable lipid profile patterns among groups and revealed that phospholipids and triacylglycerol were the predominantly lipid assigned in Gir (Bos indicus) and Holstein (Bos taurus) oocytes, respectively.

Objectives: This study set out to determine whether there are any correlations between lipid and glucose levels and oxidative stress presented by elderly patients with and without nontransmissible chronic diseases (NTCDs). Methods: Serum biochemical concentrations of lipoproteins, glucose and oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde and nitric oxide) were determined in 44 elderly patients (22 elderly people without NTCDs and 22 elderly people with NTCDs), aged between 60 and 81 years old. Results: The elderly people with NTCDs showed higher LDL concentrations, glucose, and oxidative stress markers than those without NTCDs. There was a positive and significant correlation between the levels of malondialdehyde with the abnormal lipid profile of the elderly without NTCDs and hyperglycaemia presented by elderly people with NTCDs. The total trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity had a negative correlation with the levels of malondialdehyde in the elderly without NTCDs. Another negative correlation was observed between the levels of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde in elderly people with NTCDs. Conclusion: Once oxidative stress and abnormal lipid profile have occurred in both groups, it is suggested that the hyperglycemia present in the group with chronic diseases has been determinant for the increase of the oxidative stress found in this group. Objetivos: O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se há correlação entre os níveis de lipídeos e glicose e o estresse oxidativo em idosos com e sem doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT). Métodos: Concentrações bioquímicas séricas de lipoproteínas, glicose e marcadores de estresse oxidativo (malondialdeído e óxido nítrico) foram determinadas em 44 pacientes idosos (22 idosos sem DCNT e 22 idosos com DCNT), com idades entre 60 e 81 anos. Resultados: Os idosos com DCNT apresentaram maiores concentrações de LDL, glicose e marcadores de estresse oxidativo do que aqueles sem DCNT. Houve correlação positiva e significativa entre os níveis de malondialdeído com o perfil lipídico anormal de idosos sem DCNT e a hiperglicemia apresentada por idosos com DCNT. A capacidade antioxidante total equivalente a trolox apresentou correlação negativa com os níveis de malondialdeído em idosos sem DCNT. Outra correlação negativa foi observada entre os níveis de óxido nítrico e malondialdeído em idosos com DCNT. Conclusão: Uma vez que o estresse oxidativo e o perfil lipídico anormal ocorreram em ambos os grupos, sugere-se que a hiperglicemia presente no grupo com doenças crônicas tenha sido determinante para o aumento do estresse oxidativo encontrado neste grupo.

Posterior segment eye diseases affect more than 300 million patients worldwide resulting in severe visual impairment. The treatments available are invasive, costly, present irregular effectiveness, and cause serious adverse effects. These drawbacks significantly reduce patient compliance. In the last decade, solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) have shown potential as innovative carriers for lipophilic drug substances to overcome hurdles in treating the eye posterior segment. This review shows the advantages of these formulations, focusing on their compatibility with ocular tissues, which increases the internalization of the drug substances. Additionally, SLN and NLC can reduce the clearance by the eye's protective mechanisms due to adhesive properties related to nanometric size. Therefore, these preparations may allow the treating of several ophthalmic diseases by topical administration, increasing the interval between doses. This feature can decrease adverse effects and enhance efficacy, ultimately improving patient compliance. Thus, this critical review presents the performance of the in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo assays that support the potential of SLN and NLC to treat diseases of the posterior segment of the eye. These nanoparticles have shown to be promising alternative towards a major shift in developing ophthalmic products.

This study aims to optimize simultaneously the lipid profile and instrumental hardness of low-fat mortadella. For lipid mixture optimization, the overlapping of surface boundaries was used to select the quantities of canola, olive, and fish oils, in order to maximize PUFAs, specifically the long-chain n-3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic—EPA, docosahexaenoic acids—DHA) using the minimum content of fish oil. Increased quantities of canola oil were associated with higher PUFA/SFA ratios. The presence of fish oil, even in small amounts, was effective in improving the nutritional quality of the mixture, showing lower n-6/n-3 ratios and significant levels of EPA and DHA. Thus, the optimal lipid mixture comprised of 20, 30 and 50% fish, olive and canola oils, respectively, which present PUFA/SFA (2.28) and n-6/n-3 (2.30) ratios within the recommendations of a healthy diet. Once the lipid mixture was optimized, components of the pre-emulsion used as fat replacer in the mortadella, such as lipid mixture (LM), sodium alginate (SA), and milk protein concentrate (PC), were studied to optimize hardness and springiness to target ranges of 13–16 N and 0.86–0.87, respectively. Results showed that springiness was not significantly affected by these variables. However, as the concentration of the three components increased, hardness decreased. Through the desirability function, the optimal proportions were 30% LM, 0.5% SA, and 0.5% PC. This study showed that the pre-emulsion decreases hardness of mortadella. In addition, response surface methodology was efficient to model lipid mixture and hardness, resulting in a product with improved texture and lipid quality.

Objective: To examine relations between fatty acids intake and metabolic syndrome (MetS) status among overweight and obese women (n = 223). Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. The physical and laboratory tests included anthropometry, body composition evaluation and measurements of blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, insulinemia and lipid profiles. A three-day food diary was used to evaluate fatty acids consumption. Statistical analysis included χ2 test and odds ratio measurements. Results: The women had 35.2 (6.9) years old and 15.2% presented MetS. Women with MetS presented higher serum levels of very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose and insulin in addition to higher diastolic blood pressure in comparison to women without MetS. Overweight women with MetS consumed higher amounts of monounsaturated fatty acids - 24.3 g (24.7 - 36.4) versus overweight women without MetS - 23.9 g (23.8 - 26.8), polyunsaturated fatty acids - 16.7 g (14.6 - 21.1) versus overweight women without MetS - 13.6 g (13.8 - 15.8) and linoleic fatty acids - 15.9 g (6.5) versus overweight women without MetS - 13.1 g (5.1). Among obese women with MetS, higher intake of linoleic fatty acids was also noted - 17.6 g (6.1) versus obese women without MetS - 14.3 g (6.6) in addition to higher consumption of trans fatty acids - 4.7 g (4.8 - 6.3) versus obese women without MetS - 3.9 g (2.9 - 4.6). Increased quartiles of monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, linoleic and trans fatty acid intake were significantly associated with a greater occurrence of MetS. Conclusion: Lipid intake may be related to MetS, although other factors also need to be considered, such as lifestyle, genetics and metabolism. RESUMO: Objetivo: Examinar as associações existentes entre ingestão de ácidos graxos e a síndrome metabólica (SM) entre mulheres com sobrepeso e obesidade (n = 223). Métodos: Trata-se de estudo transversal. Os testes físicos e laboratoriais incluíram antropometria, avaliação da composição corporal e mensuração da pressão arterial, glicemia de jejum, insulinemia e perfil lipídico. Registros alimentares de três dias foram utilizados para avaliação do aporte de ácidos graxos na dieta. Análises estatísticas contemplaram teste do χ2 e estimação de odds ratio . Resultados: As mulheres apresentavam 35,2 (6,9) anos de idade e a prevalência de SM foi de 15,2%. Mulheres com SM apresentaram níveis séricos mais elevados de VLDL-c (very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ), triglicérides, glicose e insulina, além de maior medida de pressão arterial diastólica em relação às não portadoras da síndrome. Mulheres com sobrepeso e SM apresentaram maior consumo de ácido graxo monoinsaturado - 24,3 g (24,7 - 36,4) versus mulheres com sobrepeso sem SM - 23,9 g (23,8 - 26,8), poli-insaturado - 16,7 g (14,6 - 21,1) versus mulheres com sobrepeso sem SM - 13,6 g (13,8 - 15,8) e linoleico - 15,9 g (6,5) versus mulheres com sobrepeso sem SM - 13,1 g (5,1). Nas obesas, as mulheres com SM também apresentaram maior ingestão de ácido graxo linoleico - 17,6 g (6,1) versus mulheres obesas sem SM - 14,3 g (6,6), além de maior consumo de gorduras trans - 4,7 g (4,8 - 6,3) versus mulheres obesas sem SM - 3,9 g (2,9 - 4,6). Quartis mais elevados da ingestão de ácidos graxos monoinsaturados, poli-insaturados, linoleico e trans foram significativamente associados a grande ocorrência de SM. Conclusão: A ingestão de lipídeos parece se associar à ocorrência de SM, embora outros fatores também devam ser considerados, tais como estilo de vida, genética e metabolismo.

BackgroundIn cirrhosis the production of cholesterol and lipoproteins is altered.ObjectiveEvaluate the lipid profile by measuring total cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein and triglyceride levels in patients with cirrhosis caused by alcoholism and/or hepatitis C virus infection and determine its association with Child-Pugh and MELD scores.MethodsCross-sectional retrospective study of patients treated at the outpatient clinic in Porto Alegre, Brazil, from 2006 to 2010.ResultsIn total, 314 records were reviewed, and 153 (48.7%) met the inclusion criteria, of which 82 (53.6%) had cirrhosis that was due to hepatitis C virus infection, 50 (32.7%) were due to alcoholism, and 21 (13.7%) were due to alcoholism and hepatitis C virus infection. The total cholesterol levels diminished with a Child-Pugh progression (P20 was associated with lower total cholesterol levels (20 esteve associado aos menores valores de colesterol total (

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The frequency of obesity at an early age may contribute to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adults. This study measured the frequency of obesity and cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study in a school located in a region of low income and socioeconomic status in Santa Rita do Sapucai, Minas Gerais, Brazil. METHODS: A total of 175 students were classified using body mass index (BMI) and their waist circumference, blood pressure, number of hours of sedentary behavior and school meals were evaluated. Serum concentrations of fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) were analyzed. RESULTS: 37.2% of the students had BMI above the 85th percentile and had significantly lower age, higher prevalence of hypertension, higher serum TC, LDL-C and TG, and greater waist circumference than those with BMI below the 85th percentile. Hypertension was observed in 2.9% of the students; 5.1% presented impaired glucose tolerance, 40% had two risk factors for atherosclerosis and 26.9% had three risk factors. A sedentary lifestyle was significantly less prevalent among subjects with BMI above the 85th percentile and was significantly correlated with serum TC and LDL-C. The school meals were hypoglycemic, hyperproteic and hyperlipidemic. CONCLUSION: One third of the children and adolescents had weights greater than or equal to the age-adjusted weight, and this was associated with greater waist circumference, hypertension and prevalence of dyslipidemia. CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: A frequência de obesidade em idade precoce pode contribuir para a aterosclerose e doença cardiovascular (DCV) em adultos. Este estudo mediu a frequência de obesidade e fatores de risco cardiovascular em crianças e adolescentes com idades entre 6 e 17 anos. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo transversal em escola localizada numa região de baixa renda e baixo nível socioeconômico em Santa Rita do Sapucaí, Minas Gerais, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Um total de 175 alunos foi classificado pelo índice de massa corporal (IMC) e foram aferidas circunferência da cintura, pressão arterial, horas de sedentarismo e alimentação escolar. Realizaram-se dosagens séricas de glicemia de jejum, colesterol total (CT), triglicerídeos (TG), lipoproteína de baixa densidade (LDL-C) e lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDL-C). RESULTADOS: 37,2% dos alunos tinham IMC acima do percentil 85 e apresentaram idade significativamente menor, prevalência mais alta de hipertensão, CT sérico, LDL-C e TG elevados e maior circunferência abdominal em comparação com aqueles com IMC abaixo do percentil 85. Observou-se hipertensão em 2,9% dos estudantes, 5,1% apresentavam tolerância à glicose diminuída, 40% tinham dois fatores de risco para aterosclerose, e 26,9% tinham três fatores de risco. O sedentarismo foi significativamente menor em indivíduos com IMC acima do percentil 85 e foi significativamente correlacionado com as concentrações séricas de CT e LDL-C. A merenda escolar estava hipoglicêmica, hiperproteica e hiperlipídica. CONCLUSÃO: Um terço das crianças e adolescentes avaliados tinham pesos iguais ou superiores ao peso ajustado à idade, e isso foi associado a maiores circunferência abdominal, hipertensão e prevalência de dislipidemia.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the association of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with apolipoprotein E (APOE) variants and serum lipid profiles, including levels and fractions of total serum cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), and triglycerides (TG). Methods: Genotyping of APOE-HhaI was performed in 134 patients (study group, SG) and 164 individuals without AMD (control group, CG), aged 50-89 years. Lipid profiles were analyzed in a subgroup of 30 subjects of both groups, matched according to age and sex. The significance level was set at P0.05). For HDLc, a higher median value was observed in SG (53.3 mg/dL) versus CG (42.5 mg/dL; P=0.016). Logistic regression analysis showed the same value, and the HDLc/TC ratio was -11.423 (P=0.014), as also confirmed by an increase in HDLc in SG. The association between lipid profiles and apolipoprotein E genotypes was similar in both groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: APOE-HhaI is not associated with AMD. However, an increase in serum HDLc level appears to exert a protective effect against the disease, irrespective of the genetic variants of apoE. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a associação de degeneração macular relacionada à idade (DMRI) com variantes de alipoproteína E (APOE) e perfil lipídico sérico, incluindo níveis séricos de colesterol total (TC) e frações de proteínas relacionadas a receptor de LDL (LDLc) e HDL colesterol (HDLc), e triglicérides (TG). Métodos: Realizouse genotipagem de APOE-HhaI em 134 pacientes (grupo de estudo SG) e 164 indivíduos sem a doença (grupo controle CG), na faixa etária entre 5089 anos. O perfil lipídico sérico foi analisado em um subgrupo de 30 indivíduos de ambos os grupos, pareados por idade e sexo. Admitiuse nível de significância para valorP0,05). Para HDLc notouse valor de mediana elevado em SG (53,3 mg/dL) versus CG (42,5 mg/dL; P=0,016), constatado também na análise de regressão logística, cuja razão HDLc/TC mostrou coeficiente 11,423 (P=0,014), confirmando acréscimo de HDLc em SG. A relação entre perfil lipídico sérico e genótipos de APOE mostrou semelhança entre os grupos (P>0,05). Conclusão: APOE-HhaI não se associa a DMRI, no entanto, o acréscimo no nível sérico de HDLc parece ter efeito protetor contra a doença, independente de variantes genéticas da apoE.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T16:51:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-08-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) The study aimed to evaluate the metabolic and inflammatory effects of short-term treatments (10 days) with metformin (MET) on the NAFLD caused by a high-fat diet (HFD) in C57BL/6 mice. After the treatment, histological liver slices were obtained, hepatocytes and macrophages were extracted and cultured with phosphate buffered saline, LPS (2.5 µg/mL) and MET (1 µM) for 24 h. Cytokine levels were determined by ELISA. NAFLD caused by the HFD was partially reduced by MET. The lipid accumulation induced by the HFD was not associated with liver inflammation; however, MET seemed to promote pro-inflammatory effects in liver, since it increased hepatic concentration of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1 and IFN-γ. Similarly, MET increased the concentration of IL-1β, IL-6 in hepatocyte cultures. However, in macrophages culture, MET lowered levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α stimulated by LPS. Overall, MET reduced liver NAFLD but promoted hepatocyte increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines, thus, leading to liver inflammation. Immunometabolism Research Group Department of Cell Biology and Development Institute of Biomedical Sciences University of São Paulo Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group Department of Physical Education UNESP Department of Physiology and Biophysics Institute of Biomedical Sciences University of São Paulo Cruzeiro do Sul University Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group Department of Physical Education UNESP FAPESP: 2015/16777-0 FAPESP: 2016/01409-8

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T16:48:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-08-22 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Background: Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial metabolic syndrome characterized by marked loss of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Fat loss from adipose tissue in cancer cachexia is partly the result of increased lipolysis. Despite the growing amount of studies focused on elucidating the mechanisms through which lipolysis-related proteins regulate the lipolytic process, there are scarce data concerning that profile in the adipose tissue of cancer cachectic patients. Considering its fundamental importance, it was our main purpose to characterize the expression of the lipolysis-related proteins in the white adipose tissue of cachectic cancer patients. Methods: Patients from the University Hospital were divided into three groups: control, cancer cachexia (CC), and weight-stable cancer patients (WSC). To gain greater insight into adipose tissue wasting during cancer cachexia progression, we have also analyzed an experimental model of cachexia (Walker 256 carcinosarcoma). Animals were divided into: control, intermediate cachexia (IC) and terminal cachexia (TC). Subcutaneous white adipose tissue of patients and epidydimal white adipose tissue of animals were investigated regarding molecular aspects by determining the protein content and gene expression of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), comparative gene identification-58 (CGI-58), perilipin 1, leptin, adiponectin, visfatin, and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). Results: We found augmented lipolysis in CC associated with increased HSL expression, as well as upregulation of ATGL expression and reduction in perilipin 1 content. In IC, there was an imbalance in the secretion of pro- and anti-inflammatory factors. The alterations at the end-stage of cachexia were even more profound, and there was a reduction in the expression of almost all proteins analyzed in the animals. Conclusions: Our findings show that cachexia induces important morphological, molecular, and humoral alterations in the white adipose tissue, which are specific to the stage of the syndrome. Cancer Metabolism Research Group Institute of Biomedical Sciences Department of Surgery Faculdade de Medicina University of São Paulo Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group Department of Physical Education São Paulo State University (UNESP) Departamento de Fisiologia Universidade Federal de São Paulo UNIFESP Department of Clinical Surgery University Hospital University of São Paulo Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology Center for Integrated Biotechnology University of Mogi das Cruzes Institute of Biomedical Sciences University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524 Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group Department of Physical Education São Paulo State University (UNESP)

Plasma lipids have been extensively studied in sedentary and in subjects practicing exercise training, but not in extreme inactivity as occurs in bedridden patients. This is important for the care of bedridden patients and understanding the overall plasma lipid regulation. Here, we investigated plasma lipids, lipid transfers to HDL and inflammatory markers in bedridden patients. Fasting blood samples were collected from 23 clinically stable bedridden patients under long-term care (>90 days) and 26 normolipidemic sedentary subjects, paired for age and gender. In vitro transfer of four lipids to HDL was performed by incubating plasma with donor nanoparticles containing radioactive lipids. Total (193 ± 36 vs 160 ± 43, p = 0.005), LDL (124 ± 3 vs 96 ± 33 p = 0.003) and HDL-cholesterol (45 ± 10 vs 36 ± 13, p = 0.008), apolipoprotein A-I (134 ± 20 vs 111 ± 24, p = 0.001) and oxidized LDL (53 ± 13 vs 43 ± 12, p = 0.011) were lower in bedridden patients, whereas triglycerides, apolipoprotein B, CETP and LCAT were equal in both groups. Transfers of all lipids, namely unesterified cholesterol, cholesterol esters, triglycerides and phospholipids, to HDL were lower in bedridden patients, probably due to their lower HDL-cholesterol levels. Concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, HGF and NGF were higher in bedridden patients compared to sedentary subjects. In conclusion, inactivity had great impact on HDL, by lowering HDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-I and thereby cholesterol transfers to the lipoprotein, which suggests that inactivity may deteriorate HDL protection beyond the ordinary sedentary condition.

Background: Coronary heart disease is a public health problem, and the leading cause of premature death in Europe and worldwide. There is epidemiological evidence that the control of cardiovascular risk factors following myocardial revascularization remains suboptimal. Objectives: Analyze the incidence of cardiovascular events in patients receiving secondary prevention therapies after myocardial revascularization. Methods: Single-center study on consecutive coronary patients retrospectively identified, conducted at the Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases in Timisoara, Romania. Patients with diagnosis of revascularization for coronary artery disease (percutaneous coronary intervention, PCI or coronary artery bypass grafting, CABG) were included, following the inclusion criteria of the EuroAspire IV study. Outcome measures were assessed at three time points- at T0, when myocardial revascularization was performed; at T1 (interview with patients who had undergone revascularization for more than 6 months and less than 5 years), and T2 (interview with patients who had undergone revascularization for more than 5 years). Associations of primary and secondary lipid targets with the rates of adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were assessed at T2. Results: Of 375 coronary patients, 341 were included in the study. At T1, 5% and 34.9% of patients reached the LDL-c and non-HDL-c target respectively. MACE rate at T2 was 7.9% in a median of 4.33 years of follow-up. We found a positive, statically significant association between MACE rate and LDL-c at T1 (p = 0.039). There were significant differences in mean non-HDLc levels between MACE categories at T1 (p = 0.02). There was a significant association between mean non-HDL with the incidence of heart failure (p = 0.007), newly diagnosed diabetes (p = 0.017) and restenosis rate (p = 0.004). Conclusion: The study highlights the need to control lipid risk factors after myocardial revascularization procedures, even at long-term, to minimize the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with coronary diseases. Resumo Fundamentos: A doença arterial coronariana é um problema de saúde pública, e principal causa de morte prematura na Europa e no mundo. Há evidência epidemiológica de que o controle dos fatores de risco cardiovasculares após a revascularização do miocárdio encontra-se ainda abaixo do desejável. Objetivo: Analisar a incidência de eventos cardiovasculares em pacientes em tratamento para prevenção secundária após revascularização do miocárdio. Método: Estudo unicêntrico com pacientes com doença coronariana consecutivos, identificados retrospectivamente. O estudo foi conduzido no Instituto de Doenças Cardiovasculares em Timisoara, Romênia. Os pacientes com diagnóstico de revascularização por doença arterial coronariana (intervenção coronária percutânea, ICP ou ponte de artéria coronária, CABG) foram incluídos, seguindo-se os critérios de inclusão do estudo EUROASPIRE IV. Os dados foram analisados em três momentos - T0, quando a revascularização do miocárdio foi realizada; T1 (entrevista com pacientes submetidos à revascularização há mais de 6 meses e menos de 5 anos); e T2 (entrevista com pacientes submetidos à revascularização há mais de 5 anos). Resultados: Dos 375 pacientes com doença coronariana, 341 foram incluídos no estudo. No T1, somente 5% e 34,9% dos pacientes atingiram os níveis desejáveis de LDL-c e não-HDL-c, respectivamente. A taxa de MACE em T2 foi de 7,9% em um tempo de acompanhamento mediano de 4,33 anos. Encontramos uma associação significativa positiva entre taxa de MACE e LDL-c em T1 (p = 0,039). Houve diferenças significativas nos níveis médios de não-HDL-c entre as categorias de MACE em T1 (p = 0,02). Valores médios de não-HDL associaram-se significativamente com a incidência de insuficiência cardíaca (p = 0,007), diabetes com diagnóstico recente (p = 0,017) e taxa de reestenose (p = 0,04). Conclusão: O estudo destaca a necessidade de se controlar fatores de risco relacionados ao perfil lipídico após procedimentos de revascularização do miocárdio, mesmo em longo prazo, a fim de minimizar o risco de eventos cardiovasculares em pacientes com doenças coronarianas.

There is evidence demonstrating that prolonged sitting time is relevant risk factors for metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. The aim of this study was to identify the discriminatory power and propose cumulative sitting time cutoff points for overweight, obesity, abdominal obesity and lipid disorders in nursing university students. A cross-sectional study of 137 women, nursing students from a public university in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Data were obtained by applying specific forms, laboratory and anthropometric measurements. The predictive power and cutoff points of sitting time for the outcomes of interest were identified by receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC). A 95% confidence interval was established. Sitting time for a day of the week was a good discriminator of abdominal obesity: area under the ROC curve (AUC) = 0.66 (0.57-0.75). No AUC with statistical significance were found to discriminate overweight and total obesity. Sitting time over the weekend showed no discriminatory power for overweight, obesity or abdominal obesity. Sitting time during the week or weekend did not discriminate lipid abnormalities. Sitting time for 8 hours or more a day during the week discriminates the presence of abdominal obesity. The sitting time during the week of 8 hours accumulated per day discriminates abdominal obesity in undergraduate nursing. It is suggested that educational institutions establish measures to encourage a reduction in this sedentary behavior. Resumo Existem evidências de que o prolongado tempo sentado é um relevante fator de risco para agravos metabólicos e cardiovasculares. Objetivou-se identificar o poder discriminatório e propor pontos de corte do tempo sentado acumulado para sobrepeso, obesidade, obesidade abdominal e alterações lipídicas em estudantes universitárias de enfermagem. Estudo transversal realizado com 137 mulheres, estudantes de enfermagem de uma universidade pública em Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. Os dados foram obtidos pela aplicação de formulários específicos, avaliação laboratorial e antropométrica. O poder preditivo e os pontos de corte do tempo sentado para os desfechos de interesse foram identificados por meio das curvas Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC). Utilizou-se intervalo de confiança a 95%. O tempo sentado durante a semana foi um bom discriminador da presença de obesidade abdominal: área sob a curva ROC (ACR) = 0.66 (0.57-0.75). Não foram observadas ACR com significância estatística para discriminar sobrepeso e obesidade total. O tempo sentado no final de semana não apresentou poder discriminatório para excesso de peso, obesidade ou obesidade abdominal. O tempo sentado durante ou no final de semana não discriminou as alterações lipídicas. Ficar sentado a partir de 8 horas acumuladas por dia, durante a semana, discrimina a presença de obesidade abdominal. O tempo sentado durante a semana de 8 horas acumuladas por dia discriminou a obesidade abdominal em universitárias de enfermagem. Sugere-se que as instituições de formação incorporem ações de incentivo a redução deste comportamento sedentário.

Agradecimentos: LAPS was involved in the development of the study hypothesis, reviewed the literature, conducted data collection, managed the statistical analysis, provided results interpretation, drafted and edited the manuscript. TF, MFF and FOB contributed to the development of the study hypothesis and to data collection, and provided advice regarding interpretation of the results. MAT, MM and LAV provided advice regarding interpretation of the results and assisted with the manuscript edition. AST was responsible for the study design, provided interpretation of the results, drafted and edited the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript Abstract: Nutritional status in early life is critically involved in the metabolic phenotype of offspring. However the changes triggered by maternal consumption of high-fat diet (HFD) in pre- or postnatal period should be better understood. Here we evaluated whether maternal HFD consumption during gestation and lactation could differently affect liver miR-122 and miR-370 expression leading to metabolic damages observed in offspring. Moreover, we investigate whether early overnutrition program offspring to more harmful response to HFD in later life. Female mice were fed either a standard chow (SC) diet or a HFD three weeks before and during mating, gestation and/or lactation. Offspring were evaluated on the delivery day (d0), in a cross-fostering model at day 28 (d28) and in adult life, after a re-challenge with a HFD (d82). In vitro analysis using liver cell line showed that palmitate could induced decrease in miR-122 and increase in miR-370 expression. Newborn pups (d0) from obese dams showed a decrease in lipid oxidation markers (Cpt1a and Acadvl), an increase in triacylglycerol synthesis markers (Agpat and Gpam), as well as lower miR-122 and higher miR-370 hepatic content that was inversely correlated to maternal serum NEFA and TAG. Pups fostered to SC dams presented an increase in body weight and Agpat/Gpam expression at d28 compared to pups fostered to HFD dams and an inverse correlation was observed between miR-122 hepatic expression and offspring serum TAG. In adult life (d82), the reintroduction of HFD resulted in higher body weight gain and hepatic lipid content. These effects were accompanied by impairment in lipid and glucose metabolism, demonstrated by reduced Cpt1a/Acadvl and increased Agpat/Gpam expression, lower glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Our data suggest that both gestational and lactation overnutrition results in metabolic changes that can permanently alter lipid homeostasis in offspring. The presence of fatty acids in maternal blood and milk seem to be responsible for modulating the expression of miR-122 and miR-370, which are involved in liver metabolism. These alterations significantly increase susceptibility to obesity and ectopic lipid accumulation and lead to a more harmful response to HFD in offspring Resumo: FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP Aberto

Summary Background & aims Lipid accumulation product (LAP) is emergent predictor of central lipid accumulation linked to diabetes risk and cardiovascular disease. In this study, our aims were (i) to assess the accuracy of the LAP for predicting metabolic syndrome (MS) in subjects without diagnosis of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus compared with other classical anthropometric parameters and (ii) to estimate the optimal LAP cut-off point to predict MS in this population. Subjects/Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study with representative undiagnosed subjects aged 20–79 years (n = 201; 37.8% men), selected by simple random sampling. In this study, subjects without previous diagnosis of CVD and type 2 diabetes mellitus, and those who did not make use of continuous medication were included. The independent variables were body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and LAP. MS was defined by American Heart Association and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI); International Diabetes Federation (IDF); and a harmonized criteria between AHA/NHLBI and IDF. Results The prevalence of MS was 78.9% and 69.6% for men and women, respectively. LAP showed better area under the curve (AUC) for MS in three different criteria than those indexes based on body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio and waist-to-hip ratio, even after adjusting for age and sex. In the harmonized criteria, the cut-off point of 34.2 cm.mmol/L for LAP showed the highest accuracy for MS (sensitivity 0.90, specificity 0.61, positive likelihood ratio of 2.31 and negative likelihood ratio of 0.17). Conclusions LAP is a simple and accurate predictor tool for MS in undiagnosed adults. Moreover, it has significantly higher predictability than other screening tools commonly used to find subjects at risk of CVD and type 2 diabetes mellitus development, with the best performance at the 34.2 cm.mmol/L cut-off point.

This work evaluated the production and composition of milk from dairy cows fed increasing levels of cashew nuts in the concentrate portion of the diet. Eight Holstein multiparous cows were used, between the third and fifth lactation, with an average milk yield of 28.0 ? 4.0 kg day-1, arranged in a double 4 x 4 Latin square experimental design. The assessed diets consisted of including different amounts of ground cashew nuts (CN): 0; 80; 160 and 240 g kg-1 of concentrate portion, which resulted in ether extract contents of 31.6; 46.0; 68.9 and 73.1 g kg-1 of dietary dry matter, respectively. Corn silage was used as the only roughage at a proportion of 50% and diets were formulated to be isoprotein. Diet was offered as a complete mixture. Average milk yield was 30.3 kg day-1. The concentration of protein, N-urea and lactose did not present significant variations (p>0.05) among the diets. The inclusion of 24% of cashew nut in the concentrate portion of the diet, maintains milk production, reduces milk fat content and together with the reduction in the concentration of short chain fatty acids and the increase in the concentrations of long chain fatty acids, provide a greater nutraceutical value to milk, making the use of cashew nut an excellent alternative for obtaining milk with more benefits to human health. RESUMO O presente trabalho avaliou a produção e a composição do leite de vacas leiteiras alimentadas com níveis crescentes de castanha de caju na porção concentrada da dieta. Foram utilizadas oito vacas holandesas multíparas, entre a terceira e a quinta lactação, com produção média de 28,0 ? 4,0 kg de leite dia-1, dispostas em delineamento experimental quadrado latino 4 x 4, duplo. As dietas avaliadas consistiram na inclusão de diferentes níveis de castanha de caju moída (CC): 0; 80; 160 e 240 g kg-1 na porção concentrada, possibilitando concentrações de extrato etéreo de 31,6; 46,0; 68,9 e 73,1 g kg-1 na matéria seca da dieta, respectivamente. A silagem de milho foi utilizada como volumoso único, na proporção 50% e as dietas foram formuladas para serem isoproteicas. A dieta foi fornecida na forma de mistura total. A produção média de leite foi 30,3 kg dia-1. As concentrações de proteína, N-ureico e lactose não apresentaram variações significativas (p>0,05) entre as dietas. A inclusão de 24% de castanha de caju na porção concentrada da dieta, mantem a produção de leite, reduz o conteúdo de gordura no leite e juntamente com a redução na concentração de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta e o aumento nas concentrações de ácidos graxos de cadeia longa, proporciona maior valor nutracêutico ao leite, tornando a utilização de castanha excelente alternativa para obtenção de leite com maior benefício à saúde humana.

This work describes the development and characterization of triglyceride-based magnetic nanocomposites for application in magnetic hyperthermia and controlled drug delivery. The magnetic solid lipid nanocomposites (MSLN) constituted by mixtures of trilaurin-tricaprylin and trilaurin-tricaprin have been successfully obtained by emulsification-solvent evaporation method. The developed MSLNs were subjected to an external oscillating magnetic field and showed significant hyperthermia. The samples were exposed to frequencies of 688 and 869 kHz causing, respectively, a temperature increase of 15.5 and 22.7 °C (trilaurin-tricaprylin) and 17.3 and 26.1 °C (trilaurin-tricaprin). Also, in vitro assays in the absence of magnetic field showed that the triglyceride-based formulations were able first to encapsulate and then to sustained release an antitumoural hydrophobic drug. After 72 h of assay trilaurin-tricaprylin and trilaurin-tricaprin released 73 and 55% of their cargo, respectively. In addition, MSLN exhibited low in vitro cytotoxic activity against human neutrophils.

Objective To evaluate the relation between oxidative stress and lipid profile in patients with different types of cancer.Methods This was an observational cross-sectional. A total of 58 subjects were evaluated, 33 males, divided into two groups of 29 patients each: Group 1, patients with cancer of the digestive tract and accessory organs; Group 2 patients with other types of cancers, all admitted to a public hospital. The plasma levels (lipoproteins and total cholesterol, HDL, and triglycerides, for example) were analyzed by enzymatic kits, and oxidative stress based on thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, by assessing the formation of malondialdehyde.Results In general the levels of malondialdehyde of patients were high (5.00μM) as compared to 3.31μM for healthy individuals. The median values of lipids exhibited normal triacylglycerol (138.78±89.88mg/dL), desirable total cholesterol values (163.04±172.38mg/dL), borderline high LDL (151.30±178.25mg/dL) and low HDL (31.70±22.74mg/dL). Median HDL levels in Group 1 were lower (31.32mg/dL) than the cancer patients in Group 2 (43.67mg/dL) (p=0.038). Group 1 also showed higher levels of oxidative stress (p=0.027).Conclusion The lipid profile of patients with cancer was not favorable, which seems to have contributed to higher lipid peroxidation rate, generating a significant oxidative stress. Objetivo Avaliar a relação entre estresse oxidativo e perfil lipídico em pacientes com diferentes tipos de câncer.Métodos Estudo do tipo observacional transversal. Foram avaliados 58 indivíduos, sendo 33 do sexo masculino, divididos em dois grupos de 29 pacientes cada: o Grupo 1 foi formado por pacientes com câncer do trato digestivo e órgãos anexos; o Grupo 2 foi formado por pacientes com outros tipos de câncer, todos internados em um hospital público. Foram analisadas concentrações plasmáticas (colesterol total, HDL e triacilglicerol, entre outras), por meio de kits enzimáticos, e o estresse oxidativo, com base em substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico, por meio da formação de malondialdeído.Resultados Na mediana, os pacientes apresentaram valores altos de malondialdeído (5,00μM) quando comparados ao valor de 3,31μM para indivíduos saudáveis. A mediana do perfil lipídico exibiu valores de triacilgliceróis normais (138,78±89,88mg/dL), colesterol total com valores desejáveis (163,04±172,38mg/dL), LDL com limiar elevado (151,30±178,25mg/dL) e HDL baixo (31,70±22,74mg/dL). Os níveis medianos de HDL do Grupo 1 foram mais baixos (31,32mg/dL) do que dos pacientes oncológicos do Grupo 2 (43,67mg/dL) (p=0,038). O Grupo 1 apresentou níveis mais altos de estresse oxidativo (p=0,027).Conclusão O perfil lipídico de pacientes com câncer apresentou-se desfavorável, o que parece ter contribuído para uma maior taxa de peroxidação lipídica, gerando um significativo estresse oxidativo.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of nutrition intervention actions on the lipid profile of children and adolescents enrolled in public elementary schools. METHODS: This nine-month, controlled, intervention study included 202 students aged 7 to 14 years attending two schools (intervention/control) located in a poor neighborhood of the municipality of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Actions were implemented in the intervention school to promote healthy eating habits, presented as "Ten steps to healthy eating". The effect of these actions was assessed by subjecting the students at baseline and end of the follow-up to biochemical, maturation, and anthropometric measurements and a produce intake survey. The dependent variables were the changes in the study biochemical parameters: total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and triglycerides. Analysis of covariance assessed the changes that occurred over the study period. RESULTS: The mean total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and triglycerides of the intervention students decreased 13.18 mg/dL (p=0.001), 7.41 mg/dL (p=0.038), and 12.37 mg/dL (p=0.029), respectively, compared with the control students. CONCLUSION: Actions of this nature have a positive impact on lipid profile. This study adds to those that use effective and viable public health strategies implementable at the primary care level.

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Studies have demonstrated that metabolic complications from child obesity, although silent, increase the risk of development of cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. The present paper sought to describe the prevalence of overweight/obesity and analyze the possible relationship between obesity and other cardiovascular risk factors among children and adolescents. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study, conducted in a university. METHODS: The study included 564 children and adolescents, aged 8 to 17 years. Body mass index and waist circumference were used to evaluate obesity. Other cardiovascular risk factors were evaluated, like systolic and diastolic blood pressure, glycemia, triglycerides and total cholesterol. Descriptive analysis was used for sample characterization, the chi-square test for categorical variables and Pearson's linear correlation for evaluating the relationship between obesity indicators and other cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS: High prevalence of overweight/obesity was found among the schoolchildren (25.3% among the boys and 25.6% among the girls), along with abdominal obesity (19.0%). The overweight/obese schoolchildren presented higher percentages for the pressure and biochemical indicators, compared with underweight and normal-weight schoolchildren. Body mass index and waist circumference showed a weak correlation with the variables of age and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.001), but there was no correlation between these obesity indices and biochemical variables. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of overweight/obesity and its relationship with other cardiovascular risk factors demonstrate that it is necessary to develop intervention and prevention strategies from childhood onwards, in order to avoid development of chronic-degenerative diseases in adulthood. CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Estudos demonstram que as complicações metabólicas da obesidade infantil, mesmo silenciosas, aumentam o risco de desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares na fase adulta. O presente estudo buscou descrever a prevalência de sobrepeso/obesidade, analisando possível relação entre obesidade e demais fatores de risco cardiovascular em crianças e adolescentes. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo transversal, realizado em universidade. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídas 564 crianças e adolescentes de 8 a 17 anos. Foi utilizado o índice de massa corporal e a circunferência da cintura para avaliar obesidade. Outros fatores de risco cardiovasculares foram avaliados, como pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica, glicemia, triglicerídeos e colesterol total. Foi utilizada a análise descritiva para caracterização da amostra, teste de qui-quadrado para variáveis categóricas e correlação linear de Pearson para avaliar a relação entre os indicadores de obesidade e demais fatores de risco cardiovasculares. RESULTADOS: Foi encontrada alta prevalência de sobrepeso/obesidade entre os escolares (25,3% entre os meninos e 25,6% entre as meninas), assim como obesidade abdominal (19,0%). Escolares com sobrepeso/obesidade apresentaram percentual superior para os indicadores bioquímicos e pressóricos, em comparação aos escolares com baixo peso/normal. Foi encontrada correlação fraca entre índice de massa corporal e circunferência da cintura com as variáveis: idade, pressão arterial sistólica e pressão arterial diastólica (P < 0,001), não havendo correlação entre esses índices de obesidade com as variáveis bioquímicas. CONCLUSÃO: A alta prevalência de sobrepeso/obesidade encontrada, bem como sua relação com demais fatores de risco cardiovasculares, demonstram que é necessário o desenvolvimento de estratégias de intervenção e prevenção desde a infância, evitando o aparecimento de doenças crônico-degenerativas na fase adulta.

Background: There is a physiologic elevation of total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) during pregnancy. Some authors define dyslipidemia (DLP) in pregnant women when TC, LDL and TG concentrations are above the 95th percentile (p95%) and HDL concentration is below the 5th percentile (P5%) for gestational age (GA). Objective: To compare the prevalence of DLP in pregnant women using percentiles criteria with the V Brazilian Guidelines on Dyslipidemia and the association with maternal and fetal outcomes. Results: Pregnant women with high-risk conditions, aged 18-50 years, and at least one lipid profile during pregnancy was classified as the presence of DLP by two diagnostic criteria. Clinical and laboratorial data of mothers and newborns were evaluated. Conclusion: 433 pregnant women aged 32.9 ± 6.5 years were studied. Most (54.6%) had lipid profile collected during third trimester. The prevalence of any lipid abnormalities according to the criteria of the National Guidelines was 83.8%: TC ≥ 200 mg/dL was found in 49.9%; LDL ≥ 160 mg/dL, in 14.3%, HDL ≤ 50 mg/dL in 44.4% and TG ≥ 150 mg/dL in 65.3%. Any changes of lipid according to percentiles criteria was found in 19.6%: elevation above the P95% for TC was found in 0.7%; for LDL, 1.7%; for TG 6.4% and HDL lower than the P5% in 13%. The frequency of comorbidity: hypertension, diabetes, smoking, obesity and preeclampsia was similar among pregnant women when DLP was compared by both criteria. Conclusion: The prevalence of DLP during pregnancy varies significantly depending on the criteria used, however none demonstrated superiority in association with comorbidities. Resumo Fundamento: Durante a gestação ocorrem, fisiologicamente, elevações do colesterol total (CT) e triglicerídios (TG). Alguns autores definem dislipidemia (DLP) gestacional quando as concentrações de CT, LDL e TG são superiores ao percentil 95 (P95%) e de HDL, inferiores ao percentil 5 (P5%) para a idade gestacional. Objetivo: Comparar a prevalência da DLP em gestantes conforme critério por percentis com o da V Diretriz Brasileira de Dislipidemia e avaliar a associação com desfechos materno-fetais. Métodos: Gestantes com patologias de alto risco, idade entre 18 a 50 anos, e, pelo menos um perfil lipídico durante a gestação foram classificadas quanto à presença de DLP por dois critérios. Dados clínicos e laboratoriais das mães e neonatos foram avaliados. Resultados: Estudou-se 433 gestantes com idade de 32,9 ± 6,5 anos. A maioria (54,6%) teve o perfil lipídico coletado no terceiro trimestre. A prevalência de quaisquer das alterações lipídicas, conforme os critérios da Diretriz Nacional, foi de 83,8%: CT ≥ 200 mg/dL foi encontrado em 49,9%; LDL ≥ 160 mg/dL, em 14,3%, HDL ≤ 50 mg/dL em 44,4% e TG ≥ 150 mg/dL, em 65,3%. Quaisquer das alterações lipídicas pelo critério dos percentis foi encontrada em 19,6%: sendo que elevação superior ao P95% para CT foi encontrada em 0,7%; para LDL, em 1,7%; para TG, em 6,4% e inferiores ao P5% para o HDL em 13%. A frequência das comorbidades: hipertensão, diabetes, tabagismo, obesidade e pré-eclâmpsia foi semelhante entre as gestantes quando se comparou DLP pelos dois critérios. Conclusão: A prevalência de DLP na gestação variou significativamente conforme o critério utilizado, entretanto nenhum demonstrou superioridade na associação com comorbidades.

Because processing and storage conditions affect several beef quality attributes, the food industry uses a variety of synthetic antioxidants. However, some synthetic antioxidants have been questioned regarding its safety, and thus the interest in using natural antioxidants in food products is increasing. This paper aimed at assessing leaf aqueous extracts of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis Linnaeus) and Pitanga (Eugenia uniflora Linnaeus) as antioxidants in beef cold storage. After 48h storage, patties added of Rosemary leaf extracts showed increased pH. Patties added of Pitanga extracts had the lowest a* color values. Oxymyoglobin levels were significantly higher for Negative control, than for Pitanga treatment. The 10% extract addition increased lipid oxidation of beef patties. Correlation coefficients between lipid and myoglobin oxidations were all above 0.85. Pitanga leaf extracts negatively influenced beef color, probably because of its higher chlorophyll content. Lipid oxidation of beef patties was increased with the addition of leaf extracts. The inclusion of 10% leaf extract into beef patties seems not suitable, because it may enhance the amount of prooxidant compounds, as well as the amount of substances capable of reacting with lipid secondary products. Correlations between lipid and myoglobin oxidations demonstrated strong relationship.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the hemodynamic changes following SMOFlipid emulsion therapy with after bupivacaine intoxication in swines. METHODS: Large White pigs were anesthetized with thiopental, tracheal intubation was performed and mechanical ventilation was instituted. Hemodynamic variables were recorded with invasive pressure monitoring and pulmonary artery catheterization (Swan-Ganz catheter). After a 30-minute resting period, 5 mg.kg-1 of bupivacaine by intravenous injection was administered and new hemodynamic measures were performed 1 minute later; the animals were than randomly divided into two groups and received 4 ml.kg-1 of saline solution or 4 ml.kg-1 of SMOFlipid emulsion 20%. Hemodynamic changes were then re-evaluated at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 minutes. RESULTS: Bupivacaine intoxication caused fall in arterial blood pressure, cardiac index, ventricular systolic work index mainly and no important changes in vascular resistances. SMOFlipid emulsion therapy was able to improve blood pressure mainly by increasing vascular resistance since the cardiac index had no significant improvement in our study. Hemodynamic results of the use of lipid emulsion in bupivacaine intoxication were better than the control group. CONCLUSION: The SMOFlipid emulsion is a option for reversing hypotension in cases of intoxication by bupivacaine. OBJETIVO: Avaliar as alterações hemodinâmicas da terapia lipídica com SMOFlipid após intoxicação com bupivacaína em suínos. MÉTODOS: Suínos da raça Large White foram anestesiados com tiopental, realizada intubação traqueal e mantidos em ventilação mecânica. As variáveis hemodinâmicas foram registradas através de pressão invasiva e cateterização da artéria pulmonar (cateter de Swan-Ganz). Após período de 30 minutos de repouso, 5 mg.kg-1 de bupivacaína foram injetados por via endovenosa e novas medidas hemodinâmicas foram realizadas 1 minuto após; os animais foram então aleatoriamente divididos em dois grupos e receberam 4 ml.kg-1 de solução salina ou 4 ml.kg-1 da emulsão tipo SMOFlipid a 20%. As alterações hemodinâmicas foram reavaliadas aos 5, 10, 15, 20 e 30 minutos. RESULTADOS: A intoxicação pela bupivacaína causou queda da pressão arterial, índice cardíaco e do trabalho sistólico dos ventrículos principalmente sem importantes alterações das resistências vasculares. A terapia com a emulsão SMOFlipid foi capaz de melhorar a pressão arterial através, principalmente, do aumento das resistências vasculares uma vez que o índice cardíaco não apresentou melhora expressiva em nosso estudo. Os resultados hemodinâmicos com o uso da emulsão lipídica na intoxicação pela bupivacaína foram melhores que no grupo controle. CONCLUSÃO: A emulsão SMOFlipid é uma opção para reverter a hipotensão em caso de intoxicação pela bupivacaína.

As estatinas são o principal recurso disponível para redução do LDL-colesterol. Seu uso contínuo reduz a morbidade e a mortalidade cardiovascular decorrente da doença aterosclerótica. A administração das estatinas demonstrou ser efetiva em estudos clínicos de prevenção primária e secundária em pacientes de baixo e alto risco. O mecanismo presumido de benefício da terapia hipolipemiante na prevenção das complicações da doença aterosclerótica age na redução da deposição de lipoproteínas aterogênicas em áreas vulneráveis da vasculatura. Estudos experimentais com estatinas demonstraram grande variedade de outros efeitos que poderiam estender o benefício clínico além da modificação do perfil lipídico por si só. A terapia com estatinas altera beneficamente componentes importantes do processo aterotrombótico: inflamação, oxidação, coagulação, parâmetros fibrinolíticos, função endotelial, vasorreatividade e função plaquetária. A demonstração dos efeitos não dependentes da redução do colesterol ou pleiotrópicos das estatinas fornece a base teórica para seu possível papel como terapia adjunta das síndromes coronarianas agudas. Análises retrospectivas de uma variedade de estudos indicam potencial benefício das estatinas durante os eventos coronarianos agudos. Estudos clínicos recentes têm abordado essa importante questão em ensaios prospectivos controlados, demonstrando fortes evidências a favor da administração das estatinas como terapia adjunta nas síndromes coronarianas agudas.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o hábito alimentar, os níveis dos lipídios sangüíneos e o status antioxidante de jovens fumantes e não fumantes. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo transversal em que 68 indivíduos, de 18 a 26 anos, emparelhados por sexo e idade, foram divididos em dois grupos: fumantes (n=34) e não fumantes (n=34). Os voluntários selecionados em instituições de ensino, em Viçosa (MG) foram questionados quanto a: hábito de fumar, consumo de bebidas alcoólicas e atividade física; também foi estimada a dependência nicotínica. O hábito alimentar foi avaliado por questionário de freqüência de consumo. Quantificaram-se níveis séricos de lipídios, nível plasmático de malondialdeído, vitamina E e vitamina C. RESULTADOS: Os jovens começaram a fumar precocemente, independentemente do sexo. O hábito de fumar foi estratificado e encontrou-se 58,8% de fumantes leves e 41,2% de fumantes pesados. Os fumantes apresentaram hábitos alimentares inadequados e consumo freqüente de bebida alcoólica. De acordo com a recomendação do International Physical Activity Questionnaire 69% dos fumantes eram ativos e 27,6% eram muito ativos. Não se observou diferença significante na concentração sérica de lipídios entre fumantes e não fumantes. No grupo de fumantes mulheres, verificou-se correlação positiva entre o número de cigarros fumados por dia e os triglicerídeos séricos (r=0,824 e p=0,0001) e também entre o tempo que fumavam em anos e o nível de colesterol total (r=0,523 e p=0,031). Os fumantes apresentaram concentração inferior de vitaminas E e C (p=0,002 e p=

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T19:02:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0104-42302009000400010.pdf: 329697 bytes, checksum: e7dc318e0eba82182e4d6c66adbbdad7 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T19:02:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0104-42302009000400010.pdf: 329697 bytes, checksum: e7dc318e0eba82182e4d6c66adbbdad7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-01-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T18:21:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0104-42302009000400010.pdf: 329697 bytes, checksum: e7dc318e0eba82182e4d6c66adbbdad7 (MD5) S0104-42302009000400010.pdf.txt: 28795 bytes, checksum: 042904a22dc3cc0bba8a638511a24aea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-01-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:35:51Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0104-42302009000400010.pdf: 329697 bytes, checksum: e7dc318e0eba82182e4d6c66adbbdad7 (MD5) S0104-42302009000400010.pdf.txt: 28795 bytes, checksum: 042904a22dc3cc0bba8a638511a24aea (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:35:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0104-42302009000400010.pdf: 329697 bytes, checksum: e7dc318e0eba82182e4d6c66adbbdad7 (MD5) S0104-42302009000400010.pdf.txt: 28795 bytes, checksum: 042904a22dc3cc0bba8a638511a24aea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-01-01 INTRODUÇÃO: Modelos experimentais são desenvolvidos com propósito de ampliar o entendimento dos mecanismos fisiopatológicos envolvidos no diabete. Os achados experimentais levam ao desenvolvimento de tratamentos alternativos para a manutenção das condições metabólicas normais. Existem vários estudos sobre o diabete induzido por streptozotocin mimetizando o quadro clínico do DM2. No entanto, a interação entre os níveis de glicose, perfil lipídico e estresse oxidativo nestes animais são escassos. Portanto, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar estes parâmetros em ratas Wistar adultas com diabete induzido com streptozotocin no período neonatal. MÉTODOS: Fêmeas recém-nascidas receberam streptozotocin (70mg/Kg, ip) no 5º dia de vida (n5-STZ). A glicemia foi medida no terceiro e quarto meses de vida dos animais. No final do quarto mês de vida, amostras de sangue foram coletadas e processadas para a dosagem de lipídios e marcadores de estresse oxidativo. RESULTADOS: A glicemia das ratas do grupo n5-STZ foi significativamente maior comparada às ratas do grupo controle (p0,05) nas ratas n5-STZ em relação às ratas do grupo controle. No entanto, houve diminuição significativa no HDL-colesterol (p0.05) in the n5-STZ animals when compared to control group. However n5-STZ animals showed a significant decreased HDL-cholesterol rate (p