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Early gastric cancer (EGC) is a well-defined gastric malignancy that is limited to the mucosa or submucosa, irrespective of lymph node metastasis. At an early stage, gastric cancer often does not cause symptoms until it becomes advanced, and it is a heterogeneous disease and usually encountered in its late stages.This comprehensive review will provide a novel insight into the evaluation of EGC epidemiology, defining terms, extensive etiology and risk factors, and timely diagnosis since prevention is an essential approach for controlling this cancer and reducing its morbidity and mortality.The causative manner of EGC is complex and multifactorial. In recent years, researchers have made significant contributions to understanding the etiology and pathogenesis of EGC, and standardization in the evaluation of disease activity. Though the incidence of this cancer is steadily declining in some advanced societies owing to appropriate interventions, there remains a serious threat to health in developing nations. Early detection of resectable gastric cancer is crucial for better patient outcomes.

Background The aim of the study is to develop a risk score model for identifying postprandial hyperglycemia without oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) in Chinese population, and minimize the number of subjects needing further OGTT. Methods Multivariable stepwise logistic regression was used to develop risk score models in a derivation cohort (7953 participants without known diabetes). The developed models were verified in a validation cohort (another 1455 subjects without known diabetes). All subjects had completed questionnaires, physical examination and OGTT. Performances of the risk score models were estimated using receiver operating characteristic curves. Results Two risk score models for screening postprandial hyperglycemia were developed. The simple model used non-invasive risk factors (age, height, weight, waist, systolic blood pressure, pulse, hypertension, dyslipidemia and family history of diabetes mellitus), and the full model contained additional variables [fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglyceride/high density lipoprotein cholesterol] obtainable by invasive laboratory tests. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of simple model was similar to FBG and glycated haemoglobin. The full model has the largest AUC [0.799 (0.789–0.809) and 0.730 (0.702–0.758)] in both derivation and validation cohorts (p