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Objective To explore a potential relationship of Timed Up and Go (TUG) test to cognitive functions among elders. Methods The participants were from Rugao Longevity and Ageing Study conducted in Jiangsu province, China. TUG test was completed, recording gaits stability, test time and the overall scale. Cognitive function was evaluated using Chinese version of revised Hasegawa's Dementia Scale (HDS-R). Results A total of 1 655 participants (aged 75-84 years old) completed the TUG test and cognitive evaluation were included in this study. Among them, 872(52.7%) in cognitive impairment group and 783(47.3%) in non-cognitive impairment group, the gait stability, time and scale of TUG test were inverse associated with HDS-R and its subcomponents, respectively(P＜0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that unsteady gait(OR=1.11, 95% CI:1.08-1.14, P＜0.001), longer time (OR=2.50, 95% CI:1.76-3.55, P＜0.001) and deteriorated scale (OR=1.62, 95% CI:1.39-1.89, P＜0.001) in TUG test were independently associated with increased risk of cognitive impairment. Conclusions Worse motor function performance on TUG test is significantly associated with cognitive impairment. The application of TUG test is potential method in early risk screening of cognitive impairment in community and has certain feasibility.

Objective To investigate whether depression is a potential risk factor for falls in the elderly in China. Methods Data were collected from the Subcohort of Rugao Longevity and Aging Study. Depression in the elderly was assessed by the GDS-15(Geriatric Depression Scale), and the occurrence of falls in the subjects at baseline in 2014 and the second follow-up in 2017 were collected and recorded. According to the depression status, subjects were divided into depression group and normal group, and the general information and occurrence of falls were compared between the two groups. Logistic regression was used to analyze whether depression increased the risk of falls in older adults. Results In the cross-sectional study of 1 548 subjects, the incidence of falls was 8.3%. The proportion of subjects in the “fall” group was higher in older age, lower education level and cognitive impairment. Compared with the normal group, the depressed group had a higher proportion of women, farmers, less education, unmarried, non-smokers, non-drinkers and cognitively disabled people. After adjusting for confounders, depression was associated with an increased risk of falls at baseline and 3 years later in older adults (P＜ 0.05). Conclusions Depression is a potential risk factor for falls among the elderly in the Chinese community.

Objective To explore whether cognitive frailty increases the risk of falls 5 years later in elderly Chinese population. Methods The data were collected from the Rugao Aging Cohort. Fried frailty phenotype was used to evaluate frailty. Those who met ≥3 of the five criteria were defined as frailty, those who met 1-2 criteria were defined as pre-frailty, and those who did not meet any criteria were considered to be robust. The revised Hasegawa Dementia Scale(HDS-R) was used to evaluate cognitive function. Excluding severe cognitive impairment (HDS-R≤10), the lowest quartile of scores was cognitive impairment. Those with both frailty and cognitive impairment were defined as cognitive frailty. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze frailty and falls risk at 5-year follow-up, and explore the effect of cognitive frailty (frailty plus cognitive function assessment) on falls risk. Results This study included 962 subjects with a mean age of 74.7±3.7 years at baseline, including 526 females. After 5 years of follow-up, 134 people experienced falls in the last year of following up . The incidence of falls was higher in female, illiterate and unmarried subgroups. Logistic regression analysis showed that the frail subjects at baseline were more likely to fall(OR=4.360,95% CI=1.955-9.722), and those with cognitive frailty had a higher risk of fall than those robust without cognitive impairment (OR=6.000,95% CI=1.935-18.603). After adjusting for covariates, the higher five-year falls risk for cognitive frailty remained statistically significant (OR=6.736,95% CI=1.897-23.922, P＜0.05). Conclusions Cognitive frailty is significantly correlated with a higher risk of falls after 5 years. The assessment of cognitive frailty is important for assessing the risk of falls in older adults.

Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR) in Chinese elderly and its relationship with hospitalization. Methods Data were collected from a subcohort of the rugao longevity and aging study. Subjective memory complaints were assessed by the geriatric depression scale (GDS-15), and slow gait was assessed by the time up and go test (TUGT). MCR was determined by the presence of both. The incidence of hospitalization was recorded from the baseline survey in 2014 to the second 3-year follow-up in 2017, and the incidence of MCR in the hospitalized and non-hospitalized groups was compared to analyze the association between MCR and hospitalization. Results In this study, 1 076 subjects were enrolled, with an average age of 75.0±3.8 years old; The prevalence of MCR was 3.3%. During the 3-year follow-up period, 61.1% of the MCR group had records of hospitalization, while only 41.9% of the non-MCR group had the record of hospitalization (P＜0.05). The hospitalized group had a higher average age, and a higher proportion of men, non-illiterates, and those with hypertension, diabetes, and cerebrovascular disease. Hospital combination and the proportion of MCR is 4.8%, the hospital group was 2.3% (P＜0.05). After adjusting for age, sex, occupation, level of education, marital status, smoking status, BMI, blood pressure, diabetes and coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and other confounding factors, MCR is associated with increased risk of hospitalization in the elderly (P＜0.05). Conclusions The incidence of hospitalization was higher in the population of male especiall those with hypertension, diabetes and cerebrovascular history, MCR is significantly associated with hospitalization.

Cognitive frailty, which increases the risk of dementia, is a geriatric syndrome characterized by both physical frailty and cognitive impairment. It is associated with adverse health events such as functional disability, hospitalization, falls, all-cause mortality and the incidence of dementia, vascular dementia, neurocognitive disorders, with potential reversibility. A clear and unified operational definition of cognitive frailty in the future is of great significance for early recognition and intervention of cognitive frailty and secondary prevention of early or asymptomatic dementia.