Search

The comprehensive study on the fetal ovaries allowed us to disclose main features of the collagen synthesis in different organ’s components relatively to the gestational term of fetus. We have studied the ovaries’ structure in case of fetuses, who died both antenatally and intranatally. The mothers of fetuses, according to the medical documentation, were healthy. As a reason of the fetuses death we can name an acute violation of the utero-placental as well as placental-fetal circulation. According to the specific features of the organs’ development, all fetuses were divided into groups: 21-28 weeks, 29-36 weeks, 37-40 weeks. The research methods: macroscopic, morphometric, histological, immunohistochemical, statistical. We have described a histological structure of the ovaries as well as we have postulated, that this structure corresponds completely with the physiological norm in every term of gestation. By applying the immunohistochemical method we have postulated, that the collagen of the I type prevails in the collagen structure of the connective tissue of fetal organs. It is manifested as an intensive glow. As the same time, the collagen of the III type is manifested as the small foci of moderate intensity. There are two types of collagens in the walls of blood vessels: IV and III ones. Moreover, we can preferably notice the collagen of the IV type. The collagen of the III type, at the same time, is manifested by foci with a low intensity of glow. All specific features of the collagen formation in the structure of the connective tissue, that were described above, are the same with ones which are corresponding with the physiological norm. The histological and immunohistochemical features of the ovaries’ structure, in case of fetuses from the study groups, could be applied as a comparison in a study on the organs’ structure in case of fetuses from mothers with a complicated pregnancy.

In the following article we have presented main risk factors of the development of the Diabetes Mellitus of the I type, as well as modern statistical data towards its correlation in a structure of the disease. We have revealed main markers of the disease, connected with the HLA system. We have also considered leading links in the pathogenesis of immunodeficiency development in case of patients with the Diabetes Mellitus of the I type relatively to the duration of the disease, presence of vascular complications as well as number of insulin units per day. We have provided clear criteria towards changes in the T-lymphocytes populations, what is prescribing changes in the helper-suppressor ratio. In addition, we have postulated that the autoimmune disorders, which are typical for the Diabetes Mellitus of the I type (DM of the I type) are leading to the increase in a number of apoptotically alteredd forms of T-lymphocytes, what is contributing to the deeping of changes in the immune system. Authors have studied main features of the interleukin-producing activity in case of patients with the DM of the I type. Namely: increased number of pro-inflammatory interleukins on the background of decrease of anti-inflammatory ones. The precise analysis has revealed, that there are circulating immune complexes in the blood of patients with DM of the I type, which are leading microcirculation’ disorders. The alterations, that were postulated and described relatively to the organism of patients with DM of the I type, are indicating deep disorders in the immune system and the morphological features of the thymus has to be studied, as far as the thymus as a central organ of the immunogenesis in case of fetuses from mothers, who are suffering from the DM of thr I type, in the aim of development of immunodeficiency in patients. Alongside with the description of changes in the immune system in case of patients with the DM of the I type, in the following article we have provided a scientific views on changes in the embrion- and fetogenesis of the fetus under the influence of mother’s DM of the I type. In addition, we have described morphological features of the placenta structure in case of this pathology, as well as pathomorphological changes in the strucutre of internal organs of fetus under the influence of this pathology in the mother’s organism. It was postulated, that in case of children, who were born from mothers, who are suffering from the DM of the I type, there is a syndrome of diabetic feto- and embryopathy, which is developing and leading to the poliorganic failure in the subsequent ontogenesis.

In the following article we have provided modern data on main stages of implementation, formation as well as stabilization of functional activity of thymus of the fetus on different stages of fetal development. Thus, we have analyzed specific features of gland’s location in case of children, adolescents and adults. We have described two main stages of the organ’s ontogenesis. In addition, histological features of the fetal thymus implemetation, starting with the 8th week of embryonic development were studied and provided below. The criteria of completion of the gland’s formation on the gestational term of 24 weeks were clearly emphasized. The stages of maturing of lymphocytes as well as appearance of the surface markers of the lymphocytes on them as well as division of the T-cells into subpopulations were described. The role of thymus in the sphere of formation of all types of the organism’s immune defence was explained. We have analyzed an endocrine function of the gland with providing the hormones, hormone-like substances, as well as extracts of the organ, which have their influence onto lymphoid tissue development as well as play their leading role in the hormonal homeostasis of the child’s organism. The morphological features of the main structural components of the gland, as well as their functions in the thymus stabilization were disclosed. The nature of relations between structural components was clearly described. It has been proved also, that in case of full-term fetus, the thymus is a main lymphoid organ, which is structurally and functionally formed for the moment of birth. Moreover, under the conditions of the physiological pregnancy the lymphoid and epithelial components are sufficiently and harmoniously developed, and the thymocytes are differentiated and immunologically mature. Finally, we came up with the conclusion, that the pathology of pregnancy and childbirth can lead to the impaired embryogenesis and fetogenesis of the fetal thymus.

In the following article we have provided a data towards a comprehensive research of the pathomorphological features of the uterus’ wall structure in case of fetuses from mothers with HILGT comparing to ones in case of fetuses from healthy mothers. The research methods: macroscopic, organometric, histological, immunohistochemical, morphometric, statistical. On the basis of the organometric research we have revealed a probable decrease of the weight, length and thickness indexes likewise one of the main components of the uterus wall in case of fetuses from mothers with a complicated pregnancy comparing to ones in case of fetuses from healthy mothers. By applying histological method we have revealed an increased growth of the connective tissue both in the endometrium and myometrium in case of fetuses from mothers with HILGT relatively to one in case of fetuses from mothers with a physiological pregnancy. Moreover, the massive growth of the collagen fibers leads to the disorder in the strucutral organization of the muscle component. The uterus’ endometrium in case of fetuses from the main group could be characterized by a few glands without features of the functional activity comparing to one in case of fetuses from the group of comparison. In the structure of the connective tissue in case of uterus of fetuses from mothers with a complicated pregnancy we have revealed mainly the collagen of the III type, while the collagen of the I type could be revealed in the form of small loci of reduced intensity of glow. By applying the immunohistochemical method we have revealed an increase of the apoptotic index in the endometrium of fetuses from mothers with a chronic infection of the lower genital tracts comparing to one in case of fetuses from healthy mothers. By applying MCAT to endotheline-1 we have revealed an increased glow of the endtheliocytes in the vessels both of arterial and venous types, in case of fetuses from the main group comparing to one in case of fetuses from the group of comparison. In the uterus of fetuses from mothers with HILGT we could observe a decreased hormon producing activity comparing to one in case of fetuses from mothers with a physiological pregnancy. All changes, that were revealed in the uterus of fetuses from mothers with an infectious pathlogy declare an existance of the severe disorder in the implementation and formation of main organ’s components, as well as are caused mainly by a chronic hypoxia as well as influence of the infectious agent. All pathomorphological features of the uterus wall structure in case of fetuses from mothers with HILGT, that were revealed, could contribute subsequently to the complications in the pregnancy’s onset as well as could lead to the disruption of one.

In the following article we present results of the research on the uterus’ wall structure in case of fetuses from mothers, whose pregnancy was complicated by the chronic infection of the lower genital tracts (HILGT), comparing to one in case of fetuses from healthy mothers. The main aim of our research was to disclose immunohistochemical features of the uterus’ wall sructure in case of fetuses with a gestational term of 29-36 weeks. The research methods: macroscopic, organometric, histological, immunohistochemical, morphometric, statistical. All fetuses have died intranatally as a result of an acute violation of utero-placental or placenta-fetal circulation. The organometric research has revealed a fact of decrease of the following indexes: namely, the ones of weight, length and thickness of the uterus’ wall in case of fetuses from mothers with a complicated pregnancy. Moreover, the decrease of the thickness’ index is primarily connected with a fact of thinning of the endometrium as a strucutral component of the wall. Staining by picrofuxin according to Van-Gieson has revealed an increase growth of the connective tissue both in endometrium and in myometrium of the uterus wall in case of fetuses from the main group. Moreover, in the muscular component, as a result of the aforementioned phenomenon, we can notice a violation or even in some places a complete lack of the structural organization of muscular fibers. The immunohistochemical research has revealed an increase of an apoptotic index in the endometrium of fetal organs of mothers with a compicated pregnancy comparing to indexes in case of fetuses from healthy mothers, which also contributes to the thinning of the layer as well as atrophic changes in it. In addition, in the strucutre of the connective tissue of the uterus of fetuses from the group of comparison the collagen of the I type prevails, while in case of fetuses from the main group the collagen of the III group prevails. Alongside with aforementioned features in case of fetuses from mothers with HILGT we can emphasize an increased glow of the endotheline-1 in vessels both of arterial and venous types. All changes in the connective tissue structure in the uterus of fetuses from mothers with a complicated pregnancy, that were described above, could contribute to the violation of the organ’s maturing as well as stabilization of its functional activity in the future life. The increased endotheline producing leads to the violaton of the blood supply, as well as could enhance collagenogenesis. The prevalence of the collagen of the III type in a structure of the connective tissue is a manifestation of the chronic hipoxia, under the condition of which the organogenesis of fetuses takes place in case of this pathology as well as leads to the violation of the spatial organization of the uterus’ main structural components. All features of the uterus wall structure in case of fetuses from mothers with HILGT, that have been established above, are prescribed by the chronic hipoxia and replication of the viral agents in the embryonic tissues as well as it could lead to make an implantation and pregnancy more difficult, likewise it could be a reason of development of pregnancy weakness in the following ontogenesis.

In the following article we are going to provide the results of research on uterus’ structure in case of fetuses with a gestational term of 21-28 weeks from mothers, whose pregnancy was complicated by PE of different severity stage (15 cases) comparing to one in case of fetuses from mothers with a physiological pregnancy (15 cases). All fetuses have died intranatally as a result of an acute disorder in uterine-placental and uterine-fetal circulation. The research methods: macroscopic, organometric, histological, immunohistochemical, morphometric and statictical. By applying an organometric method we have revealed a probable decrease of indexes of weight, length and thickness of the uterine’ wall in case of fetuses from mothers with PE comparing to ones in case of fetuses from healthy mothers. The observative histological research had not revealed any significant changes in the strucutre of the organs’ wall in case of fetuses from the study groups. Thus, all organs were represented by mucous, muscular and serous membranes with a clear boundary between them. The comparative morphometric research had revealed the following features of the uterus’ wall structure in case of fetuses from mothers with PE. The indexes of thickness of all structural components of the organ’s wall were clearly decreased comparing to ones in case of fetuses from mothers with a physiological pregnancy. In the uterine endometrium of fetuses from mothers with PE of moderate stage of severity the features of proliferative (hormonal) activity are taking place, however, in the meanwhile, in case of organs of fetuses from mothers with PE of severe stage of severity we could notice a probable decrease of glands’ number as well as a lack of a proliferative activity in them (hypoplastic changes). By applying immunohistochemical method with using MCAT to CD 95 we have disclosed a probable increase of an apoptotic index in organs of fetuses from mothers with a complicated pregnancy towards one in case of fetuses from healthy mothers. Among the specific features of the uterine myometrium strucutre in case of fetuses from mothers with PE we could name the following ones: decrease of the vascular component percentage as well as increase growth of the connective tissue. Moreover, the structure of the connective tissue is represented mostly by the collagen of the III type, while, in case of organs of fetuses from healthy mothers the collagen of the I type prevails. In walls of the vessels of arterial type in case of uterus of fetuses from mothers with PE we could notice an increased glow of the collagen of the III type as well as a probable decrease of glow in case of collagen of the IV type. However, in case of organs’ vessels of fetuses from healthy mothers we could notice an increse of glow of the collagen of the IV type. There is a fact, which attracts an attention to it. Namely, all aforementioned changes in the uterine wall in case of fetuses from mothers with PE are minimally manifested, when the mild course of disease took place, and was maximally manifested in case of severe one. All changes in the uterus in case of fetuses from mothers with PE of different stage of severity, that were postulated above, could contribute to formation of glanduar hyperplasia, endometrial polyps, precancerous diseases as well as endometrial cancer in the subsequent ontogenesis, as well as it could lead to impaired pregnancy and infertility. All aforementioned changes in organs of fetuses from mothers, whose pregnancy was complicated by PE of different stage of severity, were connected with changes in the vascular bed of the mother-placenta-fetus system as well as with endocrine disorders, that take place in case of this pathology, in the organism of pregnant woman.

In the following article we are disclosing immunohistochemical features of the fallopian tubes’ structure in case of fetuses with a gestational term of 21-28 weeks. We have studied the structure of organs of 15 fetuses from mothers with a chronic infection of the lower genital tracts (HILGT) (the group of comparison) relatively to one in case of 15 fetuses from mothers with a physiological pregnancy (the main group). All fetuses had a gestational term of 21-28 weeks and had died intranatally as a result of an acute disorder of uterine-placental circulation. Methods of reearch: organometric, histological, immunohistochemical and statistical. The complex research allowed to reveal a probable decrease of the organometric data as well as indicators of thickness of the main structural components of the organs’ wall in case of fetuses from mothers of the group of comparison relatively to ones in case of fetuses from the main group. By applying histological method we had reveled a disorder in the strucuture of mucous and muscular membranes in the structure of organs of fetuses from mothers with a pathology of pregnancy, which is manifested by decreasing of number of folds, uneven thickness of the mucous membrane as well as disorder in formation of the muscular membrane’ layers. Immunohistochemical method has revealed an increase of apoptotically changed mucosal cells in the fallopian tubes of fetuses from mothers with HILGT. By applying MCAT to endotheline-1 we have revealed an increased glow of endithelial cells in vessels both of arterial and venous types in the strucuture of the organs’ wall in case of fetuses from the group of comparison. During the study on the endocrine activity of organs of fetuses from mothers with complicated pregnancy we have postulated a probable decrease of the cells’ glow’ intensity towards MCAT of progesterone. At the same time, there is also an inflammatory infiltration in the mucous membrane of the fallopian tubes’ wall. The aforementioned changes in the strucuture as well as in the functional activity of fetuses’ organs from mothers’ with HILGT are formed under the influence of chronic hypoxia and endocrine insufficiency of the feto-placental complex, which is taking place in case of this pathology. Histological and immunohistochemical features of the fallopian tubes’ structure in case of fetuses from mothers with complicated pregnancy are indicating a disorder in formation and maturing of the organ as well as they could lead to development of ectopic pregnancy and tubal infertility in the subsequent ontogenesis.