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Purpose: This study compared the extended depth of focus (EDOF) intraocular lens (IOL) (ZXR00; Tecnis Symfony, Johnson & Johnson Vision, Santa Ana, CA, US) to a novel, higher-order aspheric monofocal IOL (ICB00; Tecnis Eyhance, Johnson & Johnson Vision, Santa Ana, CA, US) which uses the same platform and material. Methods: Medical records of patients undergoing cataract surgery with ZXR00 or ICB00 implantation between March 2020 and January 2021 and with the data available for the 3-month visit were reviewed. The uncorrected near, intermediate, and distance visual acuity (VA); corrected distance VA; and optical quality parameters were the main outcome measures. Results: Among the 174 enrolled patients, 72 and 102 received the ZXR00 and ICB00, respectively. The average patient ages were 59.6 ± 10.6 (range: 49 to 70) and 65.2 ± 8.2 (range: 45 to 82) years in the ZXR00 and ICB00 groups, respectively, with significantly older patients in the ICB00 group. The other baseline parameters were not different for the 2 groups. Compared to the ICB00 group, the ZXR00 group showed markedly superior near VA (P

To investigate the correlation between the duration of Sjogren syndrome (SS) and ocular surface parameters in patients with SS-related dry eye. We analyzed 108 eyes of 108 female patients with primary SS-related dry eye. All patients underwent rheumatoid serologic tests and ocular surface assessments. The ocular surface assessment included the Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED) score, meibomian gland (MG) atrophy, lipid layer thickness (LLT), partial and total blinking, partial blinking rate, Schirmer’s I test, non-invasive tear break-up time, and ocular surface staining score. Correlations between the duration of SS and ocular surface assessments were calculated. The average age and SS duration of the participants were 56.7 ± 10.2 (range 21–78) years and 54.15 ± 41.10 (range 1–134) months, respectively. There was a strong positive correlation between SS duration and MG atrophy (r = 0.766, p

Since the first description of this disease in 1887, there are rare reports on osteochondrosis dissecans (OCD) found in the glenoid cavity by way of anthropological studies. During an excavation project for recovery of the remains of Korean War casualties, a skeletonized soldier was found inside a cave fort at the Arrowhead Ridge of the demilitarized zone (DMZ), South Korea. In our recovery and examination of a Korean War casualty in DMZ, we identified a possible OCD in the individual’s glenoid cavity of a right-sided scapula by radiological analysis and computed tomography reconstruction. This is a rare case of scapular OCD discovered in an archaeologically investigated skeleton.

Purpose To elucidate the relationship between partial blink rate (PBR) and ocular surface parameters. Methods We conducted a retrospective cross‐sectional study of the patients who visited the Kim’s Eye Hospital between March 2020 and July 2020. Blinking dynamics, tear film lipid layer thickness (LLT), non-invasive tear film break- up time (NITBUT), tear meniscus height (TMH), and meibomian gland (MG) dropout rate were assessed using the IDRA® Ocular surface analyzer (SBM SISTEMI, Inc., Torino, Italy) (IDRA). Dry eye symptoms were quantified by the Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED) questionnaire scores. Results A total of 47 non-Sjögren dry eye patients (47 right eyes, mean age = 56.8 ± 14.5 [20–75] years, 66% female) were enrolled. Among the ocular surface parameters, PBR had strong correlations with MG dropout rate (r = 0.811; p

Purpose: To compare the lipid layer thickness (LLT), meibomian gland (MG) dropouts, and blinking pattern determined by the analysis of images acquired from the LipiView® II (LVII) and the IDRA® Ocular surface analyzer. Methods: A cross-sectional single-visit observational study was conducted. The LLT (minimum, maximum, and average), percentages of MG dropouts, and partial blink rates (PBR) were taken from both eyes of 47 participants using LVII and IDRA. Both devices were used to image the inferior eyelid of each participant in a random order. Results: Forty-seven participants (mean age 56.77 ± 14.47 (21–79) years, 66% female) completed the study. There was no significant difference in LLT between the two devices. A significant difference in percentages of MG dropouts was obtained between the LVII (36.51 ± 17.53) and the IDRA (45.36 ± 21.87), p = 0.003). There was also a significant difference in PBR between the LVII (0.51 ± 0.37) and the IDRA (0.23 ± 0.27), p < 0.001). Conclusion: No significant difference in LLT was obtained between LVII and IDRA. IDRA had a significantly lesser percentage of MG dropout and a higher PBR compared to LVII. These results indicate that these devices should not be used interchangeably for the evaluation of MG dropouts and PBR.

Purpose: To investigate the correlation between Sjögren syndrome (SS) duration and ocular surface parameters in patients with SS-related dry eye. Methods: We analyzed 108 eyes of 108 female patients with primary SS-related dry eye. Meibomian gland (MG) dysfunction, MG dropout, lipid layer thickness (LLT), partial and total blinking, and partial blinking rate (PBR) were measured using a LipiView® II ocular surface interferometer (TearScience, Morrisville, NC, USA). All patients underwent rheumatoid serologic tests and ocular surface assessments. The ocular surface assessment included the Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED), Schirmer’s I test, non-invasive tear break-up time, and grading of corneal/conjunctival staining. The correlations between SS duration and MG dropout rates as well as other ocular surface parameters were determined. Results: The mean SS duration was 54.1±41.3 months. There was a strong positive correlation between SS duration and MG dropout (r = 0.766, p < 0.001). The average, maximum, and minimum LLTs showed a weak negative correlation with SS duration (r = -0.310, -0.211, and - 0.304, respectively, p = 0.014, 0.028, and 0.022, respectively) and MG dropout (r = -0.191, -0.326, and -0.299, respectively, p = 0.049, 0.002, and 0.009, respectively). Significant positive correlations were also observed between the SPEED scores and SS duration (r = 0.303, p = 0.042) and MG dropout (r = 0.450, p = 0.029). Conclusions: Longer durations of primary SS-related dry eye were associated with worse MG dysfunction.

AIM: To evaluate the quantitatively changes in lipid layer thickness (LLT) when 3% diquafosol eye drop is used for dry eye patients using the tear film interferometer. METHODS: A total 124 participants (32 males, 92 females; mean age, 28.9y) diagnosed with dry eye disease (DED) received topical instillation of 4 ophthalmic solutions in one eye: diquafosol, normal saline, 0.1% sodium hyaluronate and 0.3% gatifloxacin, in a masked manner. LLT was measured using an interferometer at baseline and 20min after the instillation of each ophthalmic solutions. RESULTS: Changes of LLT after instillation (nm, mean± standard error) were as follows: 12.6±2.0 for diquafosol (P

Objective To compare corneal endothelial cell changes after femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) in diabetic and nondiabetic patients. Methods This retrospective study included patients with cataract who underwent FLACS performed by a single surgeon between August 2018 and November 2020. Changes in corneal endothelial cell density (ECD), hexagonality, coefficient of variation in cell size (CV), and central corneal thickness (CCT) at baseline and at the 1-month and 3-month postoperative follow-ups were investigated by dividing the patients into diabetic and nondiabetic groups. Results We included 75 patients (60% men, mean age: 57.7±11.4 years, range: 27-80 years) in the analysis: 31 diabetic patients (64% men, mean age: 58.7±11.9 years, range: 27-79 years) and 44 nondiabetic patients (56% men, mean age: 57.1±11.3 years, range: 34-80 years). No differences were observed between the two groups as regards preoperative and intraoperative parameters, the mean postoperative ECD, hexagonality, and CV. At 1 month postoperatively, the CCT was significantly greater in the diabetic group (P=0.034); however, at 3 months, there was no significant difference between the two groups (P=0.927). Conclusions Changes in postoperative corneal endothelial cells were comparable between patients with and without diabetes after FLACS. Femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery seems to cause less damage to the corneal endothelium in diabetic patients because it uses less phacoemulsification energy.

Background: To investigate the efficacy and safety of long-term treatment with topical 0.02 % tacrolimus ointment for ocular inflammation in pediatric patients. No studies have been reported on the outcome of long-term (≥12 months) use of topical tacrolimus in pediatric patients for treatment of ocular surface diseases. Methods: A total of 144 eyes of 72 pediatric patients who were prescribed topical 0.02% tacrolimus ointment between January of 2010 and March of 2018 for anterior segment inflammatory disorders refractory to conventional steroid therapy were included. Patients completed questionnaires and underwent slit-lamp examinations for evaluation of symptoms and signs at baseline. Patients were followed 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after initiation of tacrolimus treatment. After 12 months, patients were followed every 3 months for monitoring of possible adverse events and clinical outcomes. Changes in ocular surface parameters during slit-lamp examination, clinical symptoms and concurrent steroid use were graded with a scoring system. The presence of side effects was also verified.Results: Among 72 patients (56 % males, age 10.79 ± 3.96 years), 25 patients (48% males, age 11.42 ± 3.91 years) fully recovered, resulting in discontinuance of the ointment treatment before 12 months. Six patients experienced intolerable burning sensation, which required treatment cessation. Cessation days of those who quit were 1,5,14,20,26, and 35 days. Seven patients were lost during follow-up. Thirty-four patients (56% males, age 11.20 ± 4.21 years) were treated with tacrolimus ointment for over 12 months (average 23.12 ± 19.07 months). During the follow-up period, all patients showed improved clinical signs and symptoms, and no adverse reaction was noted. Conclusions: Long-term maintenance of topical tacrolimus 0.02% ointment is safe and effective in improving refractory ocular surface inflammatory diseases in pediatric patients.

Background Stem cell transplantation has been proposed as an alternative treatment for intractable optic nerve disorders characterized by irrecoverable loss of cells. Mesenchymal stem cells, with varying tissue regeneration and recovery capabilities, are being considered for potential cell therapies. To overcome the limitations of cell therapy, we isolated exosomes from human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPMSCs) and investigated their therapeutic effects in R28 cells (retinal precursor cells) exposed to CoCl2. Method After 9 h of exposure to CoCl2, the hypoxic damaged R28 cells were divided into the non-treatment group (CoCl2 + R28 cells) and treatment group (CoCl2 + R28 cells treated with exosome). Immunoblot analysis was performed for Pcna, Hif-1α, Vegf, Vimentin, Thy-1, Gap43, Ermn, Neuroflament, Wnt3a, β-catenin, phospo-GSK3β, Lef-1, UBA2, Skp1, βTrcp, and ubiquitin. The proteomes of each group were analyzed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass (LC-MS/MS) spectrometry. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were detected by label-free quantification, and the interactions of the proteins were examined through signal transduction pathway and gene ontology analysis. Result We observed that exosome could significantly recover proliferation damaged by CoCl2 treatment. In addition, the treatment group presented the decreased expression of Hif-1α protein (P P p 2 in lacking UBA2 R28 cells. Conclusion This study reported that hypoxic damaged expression of regeneration markers in R28 cells was significantly recovered by hPMSC exosomes. We could also demonstrate that UBA2 played a key role in activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway during protection of hypoxic damaged R28 cells, induced by hPMSC exosomes.