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Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers and the first leading cause of cancer death (25.5%) among women across the world. Oxidative stress and overproduction of free radicals are among the most important reasons for the progression of cancers. This study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of aerobic exercise with pomegranate juice on Serum microRNAs levels related to the oxidant/antioxidant system of women recovering from breast cancer. Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 40 women recovering from breast cancer with a mean age of 42.45±1.95 were randomly assigned into four equal groups (n=10), including control, pomegranate juice, aerobic exercise, and aerobic-pomegranate. The aerobic and aerobic-pomegranate groups performed eight 60-90-min sessions of exercises three times a week with an intensity of 50% to 70% of the target heart rate. The pomegranate juice group received 100 cc of juice before each training session. Blood samples were collected 48 h before and after the intervention. Oncogenic microRNAs, such as miR-21 and miR-155, were assayed by RT-PCR. The obtained data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, ANCOVA, and Bonferroni post hoc test at a significance level of P≤0/05. Results: In total, eight weeks of aerobic exercise with the consumption of pomegranate juice caused a significant decrease in miR-21 (P=0.001) and miR-155 (P=0.001) levels in women recovering from breast cancer, compared to the control group. Conclusion: Aerobic exercise and consumption of pomegranate juice simultaneously reduced oncogene microRNAs, such as miR-21 and miR-155, in women recovering from breast cancer.

The aim of study was to investigate the static and dynamic balance performance after different intensity and duration of running. Fifteen male football player (a=21.6 ± 0.9 y, h=172.4 ± 6.1 cm, w=68.4 ± 6.7 kg) participated. Conconi test on treadmill and variables of different exercises (Aerobic, Anaerobic, Mixed, Prolonged Intermittent and Super Maximal Intermittent) were measured. Then before and after each exercise participants did Y balance test (YBT), balance error scoring system (BESS), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Repeated measure ANOVA was used to data analysis. Results showed no significant difference in double leg position on firm surface after various exercises (p

BACKGROUND Inspiratory muscle training has been shown to improve exercise performance, however there is limited evidence for its effectiveness in soccer players. This study investigates the effect of inspiratory muscle training on soccer-specific fitness and exercise tolerance in adolescent male players. METHODS Thirty highly trained soccer players (16-19 y) were randomly assigned into one of three groups: experimental 1 (N.=10), experimental 2 (N.=10) and sham-control (sham, N.=10). All groups performed inspiratory muscle training twice per day and five times per week for 8 weeks. Experimental 1 performed 25-35 breaths at 55% maximal inspiratory pressure, experimental 2 performed 45-55 breaths at 40% maximal inspiratory pressure, whereas sham performed 30 breaths at 15% maximal inspiratory pressure. Measures before and after the intervention involved the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery test level 1, running-based anaerobic test, repeated high-intensity endurance test, maximal inspiratory pressure, and spirometry. RESULTS Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery test level 1: distance increased for experimental groups 1 and 2 compared to sham (P=0.012 and P=0.031, respectively), with no difference between experimental groups. Fatigue index calculated from running-based anaerobic test improved for experimental groups 1 and 2 compared to sham (P=0.014 and P=0.011, respectively), with no difference between experimental groups. Exercise tolerance (i.e. blood lactate concentration, perceived exertion and perceived breathlessness) following the repeated high-intensity endurance test decreased in experimental groups 1 and 2 compared to sham (P

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of interval training on cardio metabolic risk factors and nitric oxide in type 2 diabetes patients. METHOD: This single blinded randomized controlled trial was conducted at cardiology clinic of Rajaee hospital in Karaj. Thirty female patients with type 2 diabetes randomly assigned to interval training exercise (n = 15) and control (n = 15). In interval training exercise patients received interval training exercise with 18 sessions (three sessions per week). Each training session took 25 min and consists a single set of exercise with 10 time repetitions. Training was performed on a cycle ergometer set in constant watt mode at a pedal cadence of 80–100 revolutions/min. Each repetition of the training takes 60 s and there will be a 60 s recovery pried between each repetition. Each training session include a 3-min warm-up and 2-min cool-down at 50 W for a total of 25 min. Blood samples and of all the subjects were taken at baseline, 3 weeks after intervention and at the end of the study (6 weeks). RESULTS: In intervention group, comparing with controls participants, a significant decrease were observed in levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride and HA1c after training program (p 0.05). CONCLUSION: Results of current study showed that interval training as a type of planned physical activity can be effective in lowering cardiovascular risk factors, especially lowering cholesterol and triglycerides, and can also have a beneficial effect on improving NO.

in the VT group, while no vibration was applied for the non-VT group. Then, both groups ran downhill on a -5° treadmill at a speed of 5-7.5 km/hour (increasing speed). Twenty-four-hours before and after the vibration training, serum creatine kinase levels, pressure pain threshold and the rate of edema were measured. Results: Compared with the non VT group, the VT group showed a significant decrease in pressure pain threshold at 15 cm of patellar point (P = 0.042) and calf muscle (P = 0.041), there were no significant differences between groups in the pressure pain threshold at 5 cm (P = 0.509) and 10 cm (P = 0.152) points. There was no significant change in the edema rate at the Gastrocnemius muscle (P = 0.420) and midpoint of quadriceps muscle (P = 0.380) in VT and non-VT groups. Despite the increase in creatine kinase enzymes in the two groups, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups (P = 0.173). Conclusions: The results showed that using the vibration training can affect delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) reduction between non-VT and VT groups. Further studies with larger samples are needed to determine the vibration training positive and negative effects.

Background: Physical exercise can induce imbalance of different cytokines by leading them towards an inflammatory and immunosuppressive milieu. Fish-oil (FO) supplementation may modulate the mentioned skewed balance following intense exercise. Therefore, we decided to investigate the effect of intense physical exercise and FO supplementation on cytokine production and helper T (Th) cell phenotype in male elite paddlers. Subjects and methods: Male elite paddlers consumed 6 g/day of either FO capsules (n¼11) containing 3.6 g long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (1.2 g docosahexaenoic acid and 2.4 g eicosapentaenoic acid) or placebo capsules (n¼11) for 4 weeks. The paddlers simultaneously undertook a program of increasing exercise. Blood samples were taken from all the subjects 48 h before and after the 4 weeks of supplementation. Results: Our results show that while FO supplementation decreases the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β in the elite paddlers, it increases the production of IL-6. On the other hand, while there was no change in IL-4 secretion, the production of interferon (IFN)-γ was significantly decreased after 4 weeks FO consumption. We also showed that the production of IL-10 was significantly higher in the FO group compared to the placebo. Finally, we found that fish-oil consumption shifts the balance between Th cells towards Th2 phenotype during intensive exercise. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the consumption of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids during intense exercise can induce the anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive cytokine networks that are associated with a reduced Th1/Th2 ratio in elite paddlers.

The aim of this study was to compare the short-term effect of Creatine,Beta-Alanine, combine Creatine-BetaAlanine on peak torque, time to peak and torque development of knee extensor muscles in speeds of 60 and 180 degree/seconds. torque parameters of 40 healthy university athletes dominant leg knee extensors in angular velocity of 60 and 180 degrees per second in the isokinetic machine in 40 subjects in the pre-test and post-test were measured. Analysis of covariance was used to data analysis. No significant changes in peak torque, time to peak and torque development of knee extensor muscles after short-term use of Creatine,Beta-Alanine, combine Creatine*Beta-Alanine at any rate in speeds of 60 and 180 degrees per second. shortterm consumption (5 days) of Creatine, Beta-Alanine, combine Creatine*BetaAlanine cannot lead to peak torque, time to peak and torque development of knee extensor muscles in speeds of 60 and 180 degrees per second improvement. Introduction Creatine and Beta-Alanine has become a popular nutritional supplement among athletes. Short-term creatine supplementation has been reported to improve maximal power/ strength; work performed during sets of maximal effort muscle contractions, single-effort sprint performance, and work performed during repetitive sprint performance(1-3) Recently, attempts have been made to enhance the effects of creatine by adding β-alanine to its formula. β-alanine, an amino acid derivative, has been shown to increase carnosine concentrations within skeletal muscle(6). Carnosine has been shown to enhance the buffering capacity during high-intensity exercise(5). Although creatine supplementation alone has been shown to improve fatigue rates in anaerobic exercise(7), additional benefits supplied by β-alanine may further reduce the rate of fatigue in muscle providing for a greater training stimulus. The endocrine system has been shown to respond to changes in exercise intensity, volume, and rest(8). Considering that creatine supplementation is thought to improve the quality of the workout, it may have important implications to endocrine function and influence on muscle remodeling. Although limited research has indicated that creatine supplementation does not influence the acute responses to an exercise stress(4,7), its’ ability to change resting hormonal concentrations is less understood. Volek and colleagues have indicated that alterations in resting hormonal concentrations are unable to explain performance and body composition changes during a 4 wk resistance training program(11). However, the aim of this study was to compare the short-term effect of Creatine, Beta-Alanine, combine Creatine*Beta-Alanine and amount of consumption on peak torque, time to peak and torque development of knee extensor muscles in speeds of 60 and 180 degree/seconds. Methods 40 active healthy subjects without disease and the lack of any special diet or taking any type of supplement voluntarily were selected to participate in the study. After explanation of the study objectives and complete the consent form, the subjects were randomly divided into five groups: creatine(n=8), placebo(n=8), beta-alanine(n=8), or placebo(n=8) and control(n=8). All participants signed an informed consent form before participating in the study. Ethics approval center for study was Tehran medical university that this center ethic review board previously reviewed the study protocol and then study were done. Subjects were familiarized with the isokinetic device and several times were trained the isokinetic test conditions and repeated the knee extension with maximum power. Three days later than the subject’s familiarization with the testing, the subjects’ height and weight measured with a digital scale and stediometer Model Es-1200 respectively and the pre test of biodex isokinetic Pro. 3 were taken. To obtain parameters related to the torque of the knee extensor muscles the dominant leg(a foot which subject strikes the ball), isokinetic machine was set so that each subjects performed knee extension at angular velocities of 60 and 180° per second six times with a maximal power. Creatine supplementation was performed on 5 consecutive days. Placebo group received glucose supplements as placebo. The betaalanine Supplement consumed as a capsules three times daily along with major meals by the experimental group. Finally, the post test of the knee extensor muscle torque was done in speeds of 60 and 180 degree per second immediately days after the end of supplementation. The covariance analysis used for statistical analysis in alpha level at ≤0.05 in SPSS program version 16. Results Means and standard deviations of demographic characteristics in studied groups are shown in table 1. Table1. Means and standard deviations of demographic characteristics in studied groups. Weight(kg) Height(cm) Age(years) 76.46±12.23 178.73±3.34 19.78±1.12 Creatine 77.44±15.69 179.66±8.62 18.26±3.55 Beta-Alanine 78.46±15.23 178.11±3.34 18.00±2.06 combine Creatine *Beta-Alanine 76±12.03 179.73±8.34 19.00±3.23 Placebo 77.06±15 178±3.04 17.71±1.32 Control Covariance analysis results for supplements effect on peak torque in speeds of 60 and 80 degree are shown in table 2 respectively.