Author: "Kaura, A" / Topic: medicine - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

420 results on '"Kaura, A"'

1. Burnout experience among healthcare workers post third COVID-19 wave in India; findings of a cross-sectional study

Author: Mohammad Sidiq, Sai Jaya Prakash Ch, Balamurugan Janakiraman, Aksh Chahal, Imran Khan, Surbhi Kaura, Faizan Kashoo, Farha Khan, Shabnam Khan, Chhavi Arora Sehgal, Shashank Baranwal, Sheenam Popli, and Mshari Alghadier
Subjects: Burnout, Cross sectional study, Healthcare workers, COVID-19, India, Medicine, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Background The pandemic exacerbated burnout experienced by healthcare personnel, whose mental health had long been a public health concern before COVID-19. This study used the Copenhagen burnout inventory (CBI) tool to assess burnout and identify predictors among Indian healthcare workers managing COVID-19. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from June to December 2022, after the third pandemic wave. A web-based, fillable Google form was used to recruit COVID-19 management professionals from multiple Jaipur district hospitals. Healthcare professionals provided socio-demographic, work-related, and CBI scores. Multiple linear regression was used to control for model covariant independent variables. Results We evaluated the responses of a total of 578 participants with a mean age of 36.59 ± 9.1 years. Based on the CBI cut-off score of 50, 68.1% reported burnout. A total of 67.5%, 56.4%, and 48.6% of healthcare workers reported work-related, personal, and patient-related burnout, respectively. High burnout scores were significantly associated with the nursing profession (β = 7.89, 95% CI; 3.66, 12.11, p
Published: 2024
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2. Women’s experiences with continuity for effective coordination during maternal and neonatal continuum in Kenya: An interpretive phenomenology

Author: Grace M. Wainaina and Doreen K. Kaura
Subjects: women’s experiences, continuity, coordination of care, maternal neonatal health care, needs, preferences, Medicine, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Background: Embracing women’s experiences in decision-making is imperative for continuity in effective coordination of maternal and neonatal health (MNH); women are the end users within the care ecosystem. Through women’s continuous feedback, skilled birth attendants (SBAs) and the healthcare system get to understand emerging issues based on their needs and preferences. Aim: The purpose of this article is to describe women’s experiences of continuity for effective coordination of care through the transitions in the MNH continuum in Kenya. Setting: The study was conducted in selected counties of Kenya based on birth rates per woman as follows: Wajir (7.8) Narok (6.0) Kirinyaga (2.3) and Nairobi (2.7) (1). The clients were interviewed concerning their experiences of the MNH continuum of care in English and Kiswahili. Methods: An interpretive hermeneutic phenomenological approach was used to construct the experiences of women of continuity during transitions in the MNH continuum for effective care coordination. Twelve participants were interviewed between January and April 2023. Atlas ti 22 software was used for data analysis. Results: Four women experiences were highlighted: Women unawareness of preconception care, use of prenatal care, labour, birthing and postpartum flow and the women’s view on the MNH continuum. Conclusion: The women reported their segmental and transitional experience of the MNH continuum as one that did not consistently meet their needs and preferences in order for them to fully agree that the continuum enhanced continuity for effective coordination. They felt that they experienced continuity in some segments while in some they did not. Contribution: The embrace of women’s experience of their needs and preferences through the MNH continuum (segments and transitional segments) through the lens of continuity for effective coordination is timely towards the improvement of maternal and neonatal care by 2030.
Published: 2024
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3. Evaluation of the digital support tool Gro Health W8Buddy as part of Tier 3 Weight Management Service

Author: Farah Abdelhameed, Petra Hanson, Mohammed Sahir, Nick Parsons, Arjun Panesar, Michaela de la Fosse, Charlotte Summers, Amit Kaura, Harpal Randeva, and Thomas M Barber
Subjects: Medicine
Abstract: Introduction: The escalating prevalence of obesity worldwide increases the risk of chronic diseases and diminishes life expectancy with growing economic burden necessitating intervention.1 The existing tiered approach to weight management, particularly specialist Tier 3 services, falls short of meeting the population's needs. The emergence of digital health tools, while promising, lacks exploration in specialised NHS weight management services (WMS). Methods: This was a service evaluation study to evaluate the effectiveness and clinical impact of the W8Buddy digital support tool as part of a specialist WMS. W8buddy was collaboratively developed September 2022 with input from patients and clinical teams. It is a personalised platform, offering users a tailored weight management plan to empower individuals or caregivers to cultivate the necessary attitudes, knowledge, and skills to self-manage their health. All patients accessing the service were offered W8buddy and everyone received standard of care regardless of whether they used the digital tool. No financial incentives were given for using W8Buddy. Results: Complete data was available for 226 patients (118 users, 108 non-users). W8buddy users, predominantly female (80%) and Caucasian (76%), had a mean age of 42 years, while non-users averaged 48 years (p = 0.01). Co-morbidity frequencies were comparable between users and non-users. Users had significantly higher baseline weight (135 kg vs. 123 kg, p = 0.003) and BMI (48 kg/m² vs. 45 kg/m², p = 0.009). During follow-up (3 months for users, 6 months for non-users), 28% (n = 220/783) activated the tool by June 2023, of which 93% (n = 205/220) actively engaged with the platform. W8Buddy demonstrated a substantial impact on absolute weight loss (β -1.16, SE 0.40, p = 0.004) compared to standard care alone. Time using W8Buddy was a crucial predictor of weight loss (p = 0.05), with a 0.74 kg monthly loss compared to standard care (β -0.74, 95%CI (-1.28, -0.21), p = 0.007). W8buddy users with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) experienced a significant HbA1c reduction (59.8 mmol/mol to 51.2 mmol/mol, p = 0.018) compared to non-users with T2DM. Optional surveys evaluating psychological outcomes included satisfaction with life, PHQ8, Karolinska scale, and quality of life score (EQ5D5L). W8Buddy users showed significant improvement across all psychological outcomes (p
Published: 2024
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4. Exploring the culturally sensitive sexual and reproductive health information communication skill needs of parents in Ghana

Author: Frank B. Agyei, Doreen M.K Kaura, and Janet D. Bell
Subjects: parents, adolescents, sexual and reproductive health, culture, information, communication, intervention, motivation, Medicine, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Background: Parents play a vital role in the sexual and reproductive health (SRH) of adolescents. Parents’ communication with their adolescents regarding SRH is considered an important part of adolescent development, as this contributes to optimising safe SRH. Aim: This phase of the study explored the culturally sensitive SRH information communication skill needs of parents, based on their personal and social motivation, within the Ghanaian context. Setting: The study was conducted at the Asante Akyem North Municipality of Ghana. Methods: This article describes the second phase of an explanatory, sequential, mixed-method study. Following on from the first phase systematic review, this second phase comprised a qualitative descriptive study where 10 purposively sampled parents of adolescents participated in semi-structured interviews to elicit data. Braun and Clarke’s thematic data analysis process was applied. Data were saved and managed in Atlas.ti (version 23.0.7). Results: Four themes emerged on communication skills: SRH information, parent and adolescent factors, contextual factors and communication skill needs. Parent and adolescent communication on SRH takes place occasionally. Parents lack the skills to communicate with adolescents regarding SRH. Conclusion: Parents in this context require skills to communicate SRH information with their adolescent children. A culturally appropriate intervention that supports SRH information communication between parents and adolescents may have value in guiding this communication process. Contribution: The findings of this study can contribute to the adaptation of a culturally sensitive SRH information communication intervention in Ghana which will promote adolescent SRH.
Published: 2023
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5. Client experiences using a new supervised consumption service in Sudbury, Ontario: A qualitative study.

Author: Farihah Ali, Cayley Russell, Ashima Kaura, Peter Leslie, Ahmed M Bayoumi, Shaun Hopkins, and Samantha Wells
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Overdoses are increasing in the province of Ontario, Canada, where northern communities such as Sudbury have witnessed disproportionately elevated rates, with opioid-related deaths double that of the provincial average. To address this issue, governments have implemented supervised consumption services (SCS) where people who use drugs (PWUD) can use their pre-obtained substances onsite under trained supervision. In September 2022, the city of Sudbury opened its first SCS, 'The Spot', but the site's sustainability is contingent on demonstrating benefit to PWUD and the neighboring community. We undertook a qualitative study exploring experiences among clients who used the consumption service inside The Spot. In December 2022, clients of The Spot were invited to participate in a brief survey which collected socio-demographic information and substance use profiles, followed by an in-person semi-structured qualitative interview. Participant survey and interview data were combined with administrative site utilization data provided by site staff of all clients who accessed the consumption service from September 2022 to August 2023 to examine overall service utilization and uptake. Qualitative data were analyzed using iterative thematic analysis techniques, and results were informed by common responses to research questions. The responses were narratively presented. Administrative site utilization data highlighted a relatively stable increase in uptake and utilization of the site since its inception. A total of 20 clients participated in the survey and semi-structured interviews. Participants described the importance of the site in preventing and responding to overdoses, providing a safe and comfortable environment to consume their drugs, and decreasing public drug use, which they suggested may potentially reduce stigmatization in the community. However, clients also suggested challenges, including issues regarding site operational policies that hindered consumption room utilization. Service suggestions made by clients to improve site utilization include the addition of inhalation services, relocating the site to a location in downtown Sudbury where PWUD commonly congregate, and extending operational hours. Positive impacts and recommendations can be drawn on and considered by other northern or rural communities interested in implementing similar harm reduction services.
Published: 2023
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6. Self-reported continuity and coordination of antenatal care and its association with obstetric near miss in Uasin Gishu county, Kenya

Author: Samuel M. Mulongo, Doreen Kaura, and Bob Mash
Subjects: longitudinal continuity, relational continuity, parallel coordination, sequential coordination, obstetric near miss., Medicine, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Background: Continuity and coordination of care are core principles of high-quality primary health care. Optimising continuity and coordination improves maternal satisfaction. However, their association with morbidity and mortality outcomes is unclear. The obstetric near-miss approach can be used to investigate whether continuity and coordination influences the occurrence of a severe maternal outcome. Aim: To compare self-reported continuity and coordination of care between obstetric near-miss survivors and those without near miss during pregnancy, delivery and postpartum. Setting: Uasin Gishu county, Rift Valley region, Kenya. Methods: A cross-sectional survey targeting 340 postnatal mothers. Continuity of care index (COCI) and modified continuity of care index (MCCI) were used to estimate longitudinal continuity. The Likert scale was administered to measure perceived continuity and coordination of care. Mann–Whitney U test and binomial logistic regression were used for hypothesis testing. Results: COCI and MCCI were lower among near-miss survivors (COCI = 0.80, p = 0.0026), (MCCI = 0.62, p = 0.034). Near-miss survivors scored lower on items assessing coordination between a higher-level provider and usual antenatal clinic (mean = 3.6, p = 0.006) and general coordination of care during pregnancy (mean = 3.9, p = 0.019). Presence of a non-life-threatening morbidity in pregnancy was associated with occurrence of near miss (aOR = 4.34, p = 0.001). Conclusion: Near-miss survivors scored lower on longitudinal continuity and coordination of care across levels. Further research should focus on strengthening coordination, determining the optimal level of longitudinal continuity and improving systems for early identification and management of morbidities in pregnancy. Contribution: The results of this study show that while longitudinal and relational COC is important during the antenatal period, the presence of a non-life-threatening condition in pregnancy remains the most important predictor of the occurrence of a near miss.
Published: 2023
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7. Self-perceived competency of midwives in Kenya: A descriptive cross-sectional study

Author: Edna C. Tallam, Doreen Kaura, and Robert Mash
Subjects: midwifery, nurse-midwife, education, competence, competency, Medicine, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Background: Midwifery competence is demonstrated in the context of midwifery education, regulation and practice to support the quality delivery of care to women. Midwives with appropriate competencies can deliver up to 80% of maternal health services. The pre-service education programmes in Kenya offers different midwifery competencies for the various programmes, influencing expected outcomes in practice. Aim: This study aimed to assess midwives’ perceived level of competence based on the International Confederation of Midwives (ICM) standards in Kenya. Setting: The study was conducted in selected public health facilities in Kenya. Methods: An observational cross-sectional design was used. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select the counties and health facilities and random sampling to determine 576 midwives. Data were collected using a self-administered assessment tool adopted from the ICM competency domains. Results: A total of 495 (85.9%) midwife respondents participated in this study, of which 389 (78.6%) respondents in all training categories were highly competent in the four ICM domains. The midwives’ qualifications and facility level were associated with their self-perceived competence during practice. Those trained in the direct-entry midwifery programme were more competent, p = 0.016 (Kruskal wallis H = 8.432). Conclusion: Midwives’ competence was influenced by the level of education and facility where they practice. All pre-service midwifery programme graduates must meet the essential ICM competencies and need to enhance continuous professional development (CPD) programmes and facility-based mentorship for the midwives. Contribution: To optimise midwifery-led practice in primary health care, midwifery competence should be enhanced in pre-service and in-service education for improved health outcomes.
Published: 2022
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8. Exploring experiences with sensitivity to cultural practices among birth attendants in Kenya: A phenomenological study

Author: Teckla K. Ngotie, Doreen K.M. Kaura, and Robert Mash
Subjects: skilled birth attendants, traditional birth attendants, cultural sensitivity, cultural practices, pregnancy, birth, Medicine, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Background: Sensitivity to women’s cultural needs and expectations by care providers is essential. Skilled birth services for women are as essential as traditional birth services. Therefore, collaborative skilled and cultural care optimises childbearing experiences. Aim: This study explored the experiences of birth attendants (BAs) with sensitivity to cultural practices (CPs) during pregnancy and birth among the Keiyo community in Kenya. Setting: The study was conducted in the purposively selected public health centres and dispensaries offering maternity services and the villages in Keiyo South Sub County in Kenya. Methods: A qualitative interpretive phenomenological study of BAs was conducted. Iterative and inductive interviews using a semistructured guide were conducted with 11 skilled BAs (SBAs) and eight traditional BAs (TBAs). Audio-recorded interviews were transcribed and analysed using ATLAS.ti software version 8.4.4 (1135), following Van Manen’s five thematic analysis steps. Results: Three themes emerged: birth attendants’ cultural encounters, response to cultural encounters and collaboration. Birth attendants’ responses to different cultural encounters revealed their awareness of CPs. The response was experienced as a sensitivity to the need for a triad (woman, TBAs and SBAs) collaborative care, enabling collaborative, woman-centred and culturally safe care. Conclusion: Birth attendants are exposed to cultural encounters, and their responses determine their awareness of enabling sensitive care for optimal childbearing experiences. The study illuminated the need for further collaborative engagements between the BAs and the community to facilitate positive experiences by women through woman-centred, culturally safe care.
Published: 2022
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9. Hospital resource planning for the COVID pandemic

Author: Sameer Kaura, Navreet Singh, Nitish Naik, Ambuj Roy, Sandeep Kaushal, Rajesh Mahajan, Garima Gupta, Gurpreet S Wander, and Bishav Mohan
Subjects: covid, pandemic, resources, personal protective equipment, Medicine, Surgery, RD1-811, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract: Introduction: Throughout the history of world, we have witnessed many epidemics and pandemics associated with considerable morbidity, mortality which has resulted in economic crisis and a massive collateral damage to humanity. In the backdrop of the policies and guidelines to handle any pandemics or epidemics, it is imperative that we strengthen the core public health infrastructure. In this article, we have made an attempt to highlight the requirement of a health care facility which should have the capacity to handle 250 patients amidst an ideal and resource limited setting of containment and mitigation. Aims and Objective: To run a health care facility for treating 250 COVID-19 positive patients categorised into 3 levels. To use manpower in an ideal and resource limited scenario. Methods and Material: The hospital is divided into 3 levels and depending upon the severity. 150 beds are given to mildly symptomatic with risk factors (diabetes, hypertension, CKD, immunocompromised, age >60, requiring oxygen therapy and monitoring). 60 beds are given to patients moderately sick {mild ARDS patients}with continue requirement of oxygen by different other modes (high flow nasal cannula, protected non-invasive ventilation, active use of prone position) not responding to usual management. 40 beds are reserve for the patient requiring ventilatory support. Conclusion: The pandemic of COVID because of its infectious nature has burdened the healthcare system as well as safety of the care givers. The economic burden of consumable is far-far less as compared to the requirement of human resources and this challenge is faced globally.
Published: 2020
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10. Mortality risk prediction of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in suspected acute coronary syndrome: A cohort study.

Author: Amit Kaura, Adam Hartley, Vasileios Panoulas, Ben Glampson, Anoop S V Shah, Jim Davies, Abdulrahim Mulla, Kerrie Woods, Joe Omigie, Anoop D Shah, Mark R Thursz, Paul Elliott, Harry Hemmingway, Bryan Williams, Folkert W Asselbergs, Michael O'Sullivan, Graham M Lord, Adam Trickey, Jonathan Ac Sterne, Dorian O Haskard, Narbeh Melikian, Darrel P Francis, Wolfgang Koenig, Ajay M Shah, Rajesh Kharbanda, Divaka Perera, Riyaz S Patel, Keith M Channon, Jamil Mayet, and Ramzi Khamis
Subjects: Medicine
Abstract: BackgroundThere is limited evidence on the use of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) as a biomarker for selecting patients for advanced cardiovascular (CV) therapies in the modern era. The prognostic value of mildly elevated hsCRP beyond troponin in a large real-world cohort of unselected patients presenting with suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is unknown. We evaluated whether a mildly elevated hsCRP (up to 15 mg/L) was associated with mortality risk, beyond troponin level, in patients with suspected ACS.Methods and findingsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study based on the National Institute for Health Research Health Informatics Collaborative data of 257,948 patients with suspected ACS who had a troponin measured at 5 cardiac centres in the United Kingdom between 2010 and 2017. Patients were divided into 4 hsCRP groups (15 mg/L makes it unlikely that sepsis was a major contributor.ConclusionsThese multicentre, real-world data from a large cohort of patients with suspected ACS suggest that mildly elevated hsCRP (up to 15 mg/L) may be a clinically meaningful prognostic marker beyond troponin and point to its potential utility in selecting patients for novel treatments targeting inflammation.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov - NCT03507309.
Published: 2022
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11. Early prolonged ambulatory cardiac monitoring in stroke (EPACS): an open-label randomised controlled trial

Author: Amit Kaura, Laszlo Sztriha, Fong Kum Chan, John Aeron-Thomas, Nicholas Gall, Bartlomiej Piechowski-Jozwiak, and James T. Teo
Subjects: Atrial fibrillation, Cardiac monitoring, Electrocardiography, Ischaemic stroke, Medical devices, Medicine
Abstract: Abstract Background Cardioembolism in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) is a preventable cause of transient ischaemic attack (TIA) or ischaemic stroke; however, due to its transient nature, a short-duration Holter monitor may miss a significant proportion of events. Methods We conducted an open-label randomised controlled trial of cardiac monitoring after a TIA or ischaemic stroke comparing a 14-day ECG monitoring patch (Zio® Patch, iRhythm Technologies) with short-duration Holter monitoring for the detection of PAF. The primary outcome was the detection of one or more episodes of ECG-documented PAF lasting at least 30 s within 90 days in each of the study arms. A budget impact analysis from the healthcare perspective was performed. Results From February 2016 through February 2017, 43 (76.8%) of the 56 patients assigned to the patch-based monitoring group and 47 (78.3%) of the 60 patients assigned to short-duration Holter monitoring group had successful monitor placement with 90 days of follow-up. Of the 26 protocol failures between the two groups, 23 (88.5%) were due to patient refusal for outpatient short-duration ECG monitor placement, whilst only 1 (3.8%) was due unsuccessful ZioPatch placement. The rate of detection of PAF at 90 days was 16.3% in the patch-based monitoring group (seven patients) compared to 2.1% in the short-duration Holter monitoring group (1 patient), with an odds ratio of 8.9 (95% CI 1.1–76.0; P = 0.026). An economic model demonstrated that implementation of the Zio Patch service would result in 10.8 more strokes avoided per year compared to current practice with Holter monitoring with an associated yearly saving in direct medical costs of £113,630, increasing to £162,491 over 5 years. Conclusions Early, prolonged, patch-based monitoring after an index stroke or TIA is superior to short-duration Holter monitoring in the detection of PAF and likely cost-effective for preventing recurrent strokes. Trial registration http://www.isrctn.com. Unique identifier: ISRCTN 50253271. Registered 21 January 2016
Published: 2019
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12. Risk of complications among diabetics self-reporting oral health status in Canada: A population-based cohort study.

Author: Kamini Kaura Parbhakar, Laura C Rosella, Sonica Singhal, and Carlos R Quiñonez
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: BACKGROUND:Periodontitis has been associated with diabetes and poor health. While clear associations have been identified for the diabetes-oral health link, less is known about the implications of poor oral health status for incident complications of diabetes. This study investigated the risk of diabetes complications associated with self-reported "poor to fair" and "good to excellent" oral health among diabetics living in Ontario, Canada. METHODS:This was a cohort study of diabetics who took part in the Canadian Community Health Survey (2003 and 2007-08). Self-reported oral health was linked to electronic health records held at the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences. Participants aged 40 years and over, who self-reported oral health status in linked databases were included (N = 5,183). Cox proportional hazard models were constructed to determine the risk of diabetes complications. Participants who did not experience any complications were censored. Models were adjusted for age and sex, followed by social characteristics and behavioural factors. The population attributable risk of diabetes complications was calculated using fully adjusted hazard ratios. RESULTS:Diabetes complications differed by self-reported oral health; 35% of the total sample experienced a complication and 34% of those reporting "good to excellent" oral health (n = 4090) experienced a complication in comparison to 38% of those with "fair to poor" oral health (n = 1093). For those reporting "poor to fair" oral health, the hazard of a diabetes complication was 30% greater (HR 1.29; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.61) than those reporting "good to excellent" oral health. The population level risk of complications attributable to oral health was 5.2% (95% CI: 0.67, 8.74). CONCLUSIONS:Our findings indicate that reporting "poor to fair" oral health status may be attributed to health complications among diabetics, after adjusting for a wide range of confounders. This has important public health implications for diabetics in Ontario, Canada.
Published: 2020
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13. Liver enzyme elevations in a cohort of HIV/AIDS patients on first-line antiretroviral therapy in Namibia: Findings and implications

Author: P.A. Mataranyika, D. Kibuule, F. Kalemeera, H. Kaura, B. Godman, and T.W. Rennie
Subjects: Liver enzyme elevation, ALT, Antiretroviral therapy, HIV/AIDS, Namibia, Medicine
Abstract: Introduction: All antiretroviral therapies (ARTs) are potentially toxic to the liver. In sub-Saharan Africa, the rising incidence of ART induced adverse events has complicated treatment leading to recent revisions of Namibian ART guidelines. Unfortunately there have been limited studies to date evaluating ART induced liver injury in Namibia to guide further revisions if needed. Objective: Determine the current patterns and grades of ALT elevation in Namibia’s HIV/AIDS. Methods: Retrospective cohort analysis. Patterns of alanine amino transferase (ALT) liver enzyme elevation were determined in a cohort of ART naïve HIV patients on firstline ART regimen in a referral hospital in Namibia over a 1 year treatment period. Patterns of ALT changes at baseline, 3 months and 6 months were analyzed using ANOVA and Bonferroni test for pairwise comparisons. Results: Of 79 eligible patients, 72 developed significant ALT elevation within 3 months of ART initiation (F (3, 76) = 6.4, p = 0.002, η2 = 0.193). Four 4 (5.6%) and 1 (1.38%) patient respectively developed grade 2 and grade 3 ALT elevation by month 3. There was no significant difference between mean ALT levels at baseline and month 6. A CD4 count of
Published: 2018
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14. Accessible continued professional development for maternal mental health

Author: Sally Field, Zulfa Abrahams, David L. Woods, Roseanne Turner, Michael N. Onah, Doreen K. Kaura, and Simone Honikman
Subjects: maternal mental health, continued professional education, distance learning, low-resource, peer-based, Medicine, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Background: Changing global health and development trends have resulted in a need for continued professional development (CPD) within the health and development sectors. In low-resource settings, where the need for training and CPD may be highest, there are significant challenges for disseminating information and skills. There is a need to improve mental health literacy and reduce levels of stigma about maternal mental illness. The Bettercare series of distance learning books provides a peer-based format for CPD. We aimed to evaluate the Bettercare Maternal Mental Health book as a format for CPD. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine whether the Bettercare Maternal Mental Health book significantly improves knowledge and decreases stigma around mental health for care providers from the health and social development sectors. Setting: One hundred and forty-one participants (social workers, nursing students and health professionals) were provided with the Bettercare Maternal Mental Health book to study. Methods: Before and after studying the book, the same multiple-choice knowledge test and the Mental Illness Clinicians’ Attitude Scale were used to assess cognitive knowledge and mental health stigma, respectively. Results: Participants’ knowledge showed a statistically significant (p < 0.001) improvement between the pre- and post-test results, for all six chapters of the book. However, participants’ attitudes towards mental illness did not show a statistically significant change between the pre- and post-test results. Conclusion: We found that this method of learning elicited significant improvement in mental health knowledge for care providers. Continued professional development policy planners and curriculum developers may be interested in these findings.
Published: 2019
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15. Emphysematous Pyelonephritis Caused by E.Coli and Candida Albicans with Oral Candidiasis and Herpes Genitalis: A Dreaded Infection

Author: Shyam Lal, Ankit Kaura, Pradhuman Yadav, and Isha
Subjects: nephrectomy, oral candidiasis, splenic abscess, Medicine
Abstract: Emphysematous Pyelonephritis (EPN) is a rare, potentially fatal necrotising pyelonephritis, with rising trend in diabetic patients (95%). E.coli is the most common uropathogen whereas Candida albicans is extremely rare. Mortality in EPN, with present management techniques, is 18%. It should be suspected in diabetic patients with pyelonephritis. Splenic abscess is an uncommon association. Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography (CECT) of abdomen is cornerstone for diagnosis. Nephrectomy is mainstay of treatment in extensive disease. Herein, we report a rare case of EPN in 58-year-old female who presented with diabetic ketoacidosis and septicaemia caused by E. coli and Candida albicans with superadded Herpes genitalis and oral candidiasis which is unique. Right nephrectomy was done. Postoperatively, she developed splenic abscess which was managed by percutaneous drainage.
Published: 2018
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16. Lessons from rhinology and facial plastic surgery clinical negligence claims in England 2013–2018

Author: Tim W.R. Briggs, Peter Andrews, Juman Nijim, Premjit S Randhawa, Andrew Marshall, John T Machin, Anika Kaura, Alfonso Luca Pendolino, and Annakan Victor Navaratnam
Subjects: Rhinology, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Malpractice, Endoscopy, General Medicine, State Medicine, Clinical negligence, England, Otorhinolaryngology, Family medicine, Humans, Medicine, Surgery, Plastic, business
Abstract: ObjectiveThis study reviewed all rhinology clinical negligence claims in the National Health Service in England between 2013 and 2018.MethodAll clinical negligence claims held by National Health Service Resolution relating to rhinology in England between 1 April 2013 and 1 April 2018 were reviewed.ResultsThere were 171 rhinology related claims with a total estimated potential cost of £13.6 million. There were 119 closed claims (70 per cent) with a total cost of £2.3 million, of which 55 claims resulted in payment of damages. Over three quarters of all rhinology claims were associated with surgery (n = 132). Claims associated with endoscopic sinus surgery had the highest mean cost per claim (£172 978). Unnecessary pain (33.9 per cent) and unnecessary operation (28.1 per cent) were the most commonly cited patient injuries.ConclusionPatient education and consent have been highlighted as key areas for improvement from this review of rhinology related clinical negligence claims. A shift in clinical practice towards shared decision making could reduce litigation in rhinology.
Published: 2021
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17. Unravelling the unseen metabolic changes in patients with malignant hyperthermia

Author: Leon Chang, Paul D. Allen, and Vikas Kaura
Subjects: Hyperthermia, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Pain medicine, MEDLINE, Malignant hyperthermia, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anesthesia, Anesthesiology, medicine, In patient, business
Published: 2021
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18. Interim Prosthesis for Repositioning of Mandible in a Hemimandibulectomy Patient: A Case Report

Author: Mandeep Kaur, Sakshi Malhotra Kaura, Simarpreet Kaur, and Amit Sharma
Subjects: Orthodontics, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Mandible, Prosthesis, stomatognathic diseases, stomatognathic system, Swallowing, Hemimandibulectomy, Treatment plan, Interim, Occlusion, medicine, Dentures, business
Abstract: Background: Squamous cell carcinoma is prevalent in middle asia due to prevalence of tobacco chewing. Management includes removal of mandibular bone along with adjacent muscles and nerves. Mandible is attached to cranium with the support of muscles. Removal of muscles results in deviation of mandible and loss of occlusion, which is necessary for functions such as chewing, swallowing and to some extent in speech. Prosthetic appliances help in restoration of position of mandible and thus restoring the function. Case Report: This is a case of 58 year old male with hemimandibulectomy due to moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Treatment Plan: Interim guiding prosthesis was planned for mandibular repositioning as the patient did not report before the surgical excision. Conclusion: a definitive management would be undertaken by using cast partial dentures after mandibular repositioning with interim prosthesis is done.
Published: 2021
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19. Sharpening focus through wider collaboration: evolving heterogeneity in the bi-directional relationship between cardiovascular disease and COVID-19

Author: Charlotte Manisty, Jamil Mayet, and Amit Kaura
Subjects: Focus (computing), 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), COVID-19, Sharpening, Disease, Data science, Cardiovascular Diseases, Humans, Medicine, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Published: 2021
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20. Healthy and Respectful Workplaces: The Experiences of Dental Hygienists in Canada

Author: Kamini Kaura Parbhakar, Abdulrahman Ghoneim, Carlos Quiñonez, and Julie Farmer
Subjects: Workplace bullying, Canada, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Bullying, Professional burnout, 030206 dentistry, Respect, Occupational safety and health, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Health care, medicine, Harassment, Humans, Dental Hygienists, 030212 general & internal medicine, Workplace, business, Psychiatry, Psychology, General Dentistry, Depression (differential diagnoses)
Abstract: Introduction: Like any health care practitioner, dental hygienists can experience mistreatment in the workplace. They can be subjected to harassment, bullying, abuse, and violence. These negative experiences can have adverse consequences on psychological and physical well-being and can lead to job dissatisfaction, depression, and burnout. The aim of this study was to describe dental hygienists’ experiences related to healthy and respectful workplaces. Methods: This was an online self-administered survey sent to all members of the Canadian Dental Hygienists Association. Respondents were asked to report the occurrence, frequency, and impact of different types of mistreatment as experienced over their career. Results: In total, 3,780 dental hygienists responded to the survey (response rate = 22%). More than 70% of respondents experienced some form of mistreatment over their career from dentists, office managers, coworkers, and/or patients. Of those who experienced mistreatment, 67% reported losing the respect they felt for the offending person, 55% reported experiencing symptoms of depression, and 30% quit their job. Conclusions: Mistreatment toward dental hygienists can be prevalent in Canadian dental care settings, resulting in negative consequences to dental hygienists’ well-being. Knowledge Transfer Statement: The findings of this article suggest that measures are needed to support healthy and respectful workplaces in Canadian dental care settings. This includes but is not limited to 1) training and education for all members of the dental care team concerning mistreatment, 2) enacting policies in dental care settings to discourage these types of behaviors, and 3) providing help and support to individuals who experience these incidents.
Published: 2021
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21. Olfactory dysfunction in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitides: A review of the literature

Author: Samit Unadkat, Premjit S Randhawa, Anika Kaura, Gerolamo Bianchi, Giancarlo Ottaviano, Peter Andrews, Annakan Navaratnam, Alfonso Luca Pendolino, and Monica Pendolino
Subjects: business.industry, Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, viruses, Minireviews, 02 engineering and technology, Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis diseases, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, medicine.disease, Olfactory dysfunction, 01 natural sciences, Smell, 0103 physical sciences, Immunology, medicine, Smell function, In patient, Granulomatosis with polyangiitis, 0210 nano-technology, Microscopic polyangiitis, business, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody
Abstract: Olfactory dysfunction (OD) has been described in patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitides (AAV), but the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. The causes of altered smell function can generally be divided into conductive, sensorineural or others. To date no specific treatment is available for AAV-related OD and the efficacy of currently available options has not been explored. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the causes that may lead to OD in patients with AAV. Current available treatments for OD and possible options in patients with AAV presenting with smell impairment are also mentioned.
Published: 2021

22. Assessment of Bleeding in Patients on Antiplatelets Undergoing Dental Implants

Author: Gagandeep Satia, Namita Budhiraja, Sameer Kaura, Rita Rai, and Bishav Mohan
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Aspirin, Visual analogue scale, business.industry, 030206 dentistry, Clopidogrel, Surgery, 03 medical and health sciences, Plastic surgery, Regimen, 0302 clinical medicine, Otorhinolaryngology, medicine, Oral and maxillofacial surgery, Original Article, cardiovascular diseases, Oral Surgery, 030223 otorhinolaryngology, Complication, business, circulatory and respiratory physiology, medicine.drug
Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Antiplatelet drugs are used for the secondary prevention of cardiac and cerebrovascular diseases. Clopidogrel and Aspirin are the most commonly prescribed drugs for these patients. Physicians and dentists have to weigh bleeding risks versus thrombotic risks in interrupting antiplatelet regimen. The balance of these risks for an individual patient is the primary consideration in management of dental patients who are taking antiplatelet drugs and require dental implants. The study was undertaken to assess the risk of bleeding in patients on single and dual antiplatelets undergoing dental implants. MATERIALS AND METHOD: 65 patients were assessed for bleeding after placement of dental implants. They were divided into 2 groups: group I included 48 patients on single antiplatelets (Aspirin) and group II included 17 patients on dual antiplatelets (Aspirin and Clopidogrel) based upon the timing of coronary intervention. Bleeding was evaluated intra-operatively and post-operatively. RESULTS: Significant difference in bleeding was noted between group I and group II based on the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for bleeding severity after implant placement both intra-operatively (P = 0.000) and post-operatively (P = 0.004) within 24 h. However, post-operative complication after 24 h was non-significant (P = 0.277). CONCLUSION: Dental implants can be safely placed in patients on single antiplatelet drugs without discontinuing them. In patients on dual antiplatelets, risk of bleeding is mild to moderate if the drugs are continued. Consultation with treating cardiologist is a must before any kind of dental invasive surgery in patients on antiplatelets.
Published: 2021
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23. India’s National Security Coordination and Policymaking

Author: Vinay Kaura
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Government, National security, National Security Council, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Political science, Political Science and International Relations, medicine, Institution, Public administration, business, media_common
Abstract: The National Security Council (NSC) has become the most important institution on national security coordination, planning and policymaking in India, particularly since 2014. However, the government...
Published: 2020
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24. Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α (HIF-1α) Mediates NLRP3 Inflammasome-Dependent-Pyroptotic and Apoptotic Cell Death Following Ischemic Stroke

Author: Fengwu Li, Jonathan R. Warren, Xiaokun Geng, Eric E Cosky, Christopher Stone, Qian Jiang, Yuchuan Ding, and Shawn Kaura
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Programmed cell death, Inflammasomes, Ischemia, Apoptosis, Inflammation, Pharmacology, Brain Ischemia, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein, Animals, Medicine, Hypoxia, Ischemic Stroke, Cause of death, business.industry, General Neuroscience, Pyroptosis, Inflammasome, Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit, medicine.disease, Rats, Stroke, 030104 developmental biology, Hypoxia-inducible factors, medicine.symptom, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, medicine.drug
Abstract: Stroke is a major cause of death and long-term disability. Recent evidence suggests that hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), a transcription factor that regulates oxygen levels, plays a key role in neurological outcomes after ischemic stroke. Accordingly, we investigated the mechanism of HIF-1α on pyroptotic and apoptotic cells during ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Adult Sprague-Dawley rats underwent 2 h of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The rats were then exposed to 6 or 24 h of reperfusion, with or without YC-1 (HIF-1α inhibitor, 5 mg/kg). Infarct volumes, along with mRNA and protein quantities of HIF-1α, NLRP3, IL-1β, IL-18, Caspase-1, and co-localization of HIF-1α, and NLRP3, were assessed. We measured apoptotic and pyroptotic cell death, gasdermin D (GSDMD) activation and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, and the infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages after ischemic stroke. HIF-1α mRNA and NLRP3 inflammasome components were increased after 24 h of reperfusion. YC-1 significantly reduced the mRNA and protein expression of NLRP3, IL-1β, IL-18, and caspase-1; significantly decreased infarction and pyroptotic cell death after 24 h of reperfusion; attenuated the neuroinflammatory response by reducing infiltration of CD68- and MPO-positive cells after 24 h of reperfusion; and reduced apoptotic cell death following ischemic stroke. We found that HIF-1α likely regulates inflammatory responses through the NLRP3 inflammasome complex, thus influencing both apoptotic and pyroptotic cell death after stroke. These findings suggest that future investigations are needed regarding HIF-1α and its role as a potential molecular target in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke.
Published: 2020
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25. Diagnosing nasal obstruction and its common causes using the nasal acoustic device: A pilot study

Author: Terence S. Leung, Anika Kaura, Katherine L. Whitcroft, Calvin Tan, Chia-Hung Li, and Andrews P
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Stethoscope, medicine.drug_class, Chronic rhinosinusitis, lcsh:Surgery, Breathing sounds, nasal obstruction, deviated nasal septum, law.invention, law, Internal medicine, medicine, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, In patient, Original Research, allergic rhinitis, business.industry, chronic rhinosinusitis, General Medicine, lcsh:RD1-811, respiratory system, nasal inspiratory peak flow, lcsh:Otorhinolaryngology, lcsh:RF1-547, Deviated nasal septum, Decongestant, Nasal ala, Cardiology, Breathing, business
Abstract: Objectives: There is a need to develop a medical device which can accurately measure normal and abnormal nasal breathing which the patient can better understand in addition to being able to diagnose the cause for their nasal obstruction. The aim is to evaluate the accuracy of the nasal acoustic device (NAD) in diagnosing the common causes for nasal obstruction and diagnosing normal and abnormal (nasal obstruction) nasal breathing. Methods: This pilot study recruited 27 patients with allergic rhinitis (AR), chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), and a deviated nasal septum (DNS) which represents the common causes for NO and 26 controls (with normal nasal breathing). Nasal breathing sounds were recorded by the NAD akin to two small stethoscopes placed over the left and right nasal ala. The novel outcome metrics for the NAD include inspiratory nasal acoustic score (INA) score, expiratory nasal acoustic (ENA) score and the inspiratory nasal obstruction balance index (NOBI). The change in acoustic score following decongestant is key in this diagnostic process. Results: Pre‐decongestant ENA score was used to detect the presence of nasal obstruction in patients compared to controls, with a sensitivity of 0.81 (95% CI: 0.66‐0.96) and a specificity of 0.77 (0.54‐1.00). Post‐decongestant percentage change in INA score was used to identify the presence of AR or CRS, with a sensitivity of 0.87 (0.69‐1.00) and specificity of 0.72 (0.55‐0.89) for AR; and a sensitivity of 0.92 (0.75‐1.00) and specificity of 0.69 (0.52‐0.86) for CRS. Post‐decongestant inspiratory NOBI was used to identify DNS, with a sensitivity of 0.77 (0.59‐0.95) and specificity of 0.94 (0.82‐1.00). Conclusion: We have demonstrated that the NAD can help distinguish between normal and abnormal nasal breathing and help diagnose AR, CRS, and DNS. Such a device has not been invented and could revolutionize COVID‐19 recovery telemedicine. Level of Evidence: Diagnostic accuracy study—Level III.
Published: 2020

26. Invasive versus non-invasive management of older patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (SENIOR-NSTEMI): a cohort study based on routine clinical data

Author: Amit Kaura, Divaka Perera, Harry Hemingway, Jim Davies, Anoop D. Shah, B Glampson, Joe Omigie, Keith M. Channon, Sam Abbott, Darrel P. Francis, Narbeh Melikian, Ajay M. Shah, Paul Elliott, Kerrie Woods, Thomas W Johnson, Vasileios F. Panoulas, Bryan Williams, Graham M. Lord, Jonathan N Weber, Rajesh K. Kharbanda, Adam Trickey, Folkert W. Asselbergs, Riyaz Patel, Abdulrahim Mulla, Mark R Thursz, Michael O'Sullivan, Jamil Mayet, Jonathan A C Sterne, and Cardiology
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Rate ratio, Logistic regression, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, 80 and over, medicine, Risk of mortality, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Myocardial infarction, Propensity Score, Survival rate, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, Hazard ratio, Age Factors, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Troponin/blood, United Kingdom, Hospitalization, Survival Rate, Logistic Models, Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction/diagnosis, Propensity score matching, Female, business, Cohort study
Abstract: Background Previous trials suggest lower long-term risk of mortality after invasive rather than non-invasive management of patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), but the trials excluded very elderly patients. We aimed to estimate the effect of invasive versus non-invasive management within 3 days of peak troponin concentration on the survival of patients aged 80 years or older with NSTEMI. Methods Routine clinical data for this study were obtained from five collaborating hospitals hosting NIHR Biomedical Research Centres in the UK (all tertiary centres with emergency departments). Eligible patients were 80 years old or older when they underwent troponin measurements and were diagnosed with NSTEMI between 2010 (2008 for University College Hospital) and 2017. Propensity scores (patients' estimated probability of receiving invasive management) based on pretreatment variables were derived using logistic regression; patients with high probabilities of non-invasive or invasive management were excluded. Patients who died within 3 days of peak troponin concentration without receiving invasive management were assigned to the invasive or non-invasive management groups based on their propensity scores, to mitigate immortal time bias. We estimated mortality hazard ratios comparing invasive with non-invasive management, and compared the rate of hospital admissions for heart failure. Findings Of the 1976 patients with NSTEMI, 101 died within 3 days of their peak troponin concentration and 375 were excluded because of extreme propensity scores. The remaining 1500 patients had a median age of 86 (IQR 82–89) years of whom (845 [56%] received non-invasive management. During median follow-up of 3·0 (IQR 1·2–4·8) years, 613 (41%) patients died. The adjusted cumulative 5-year mortality was 36% in the invasive management group and 55% in the non-invasive management group (adjusted hazard ratio 0·68, 95% CI 0·55–0·84). Invasive management was associated with lower incidence of hospital admissions for heart failure (adjusted rate ratio compared with non-invasive management 0·67, 95% CI 0·48–0·93). Interpretation The survival advantage of invasive compared with non-invasive management appears to extend to patients with NSTEMI who are aged 80 years or older. Funding NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, as part of the NIHR Health Informatics Collaborative.
Published: 2020
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27. Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channels and Calcium Dyshomeostasis in a Mouse Model Relevant to Malignant Hyperthermia

Author: Arkady Uryach, Vikas Kaura, Phillip Hopkins, Jose R. Lopez, Xiaochen Liu, Jose A. Adams, and Paul D. Allen
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, chemistry.chemical_element, Calcium, Article, Calcium in biology, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, TRPC3, Internal medicine, TRPC6 Cation Channel, medicine, Animals, Homeostasis, Myocyte, Muscle, Skeletal, TRPC, TRPC Cation Channels, 030304 developmental biology, Calcium metabolism, RYR1, 0303 health sciences, business.industry, Malignant hyperthermia, Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel, medicine.disease, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Disease Models, Animal, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Endocrinology, chemistry, Indans, Female, Malignant Hyperthermia, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Background Until recently, the mechanism for the malignant hyperthermia crisis has been attributed solely to sustained massive Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum on exposure to triggering agents. This study tested the hypothesis that transient receptor potential cation (TRPC) channels are important contributors to the Ca2+ dyshomeostasis in a mouse model relevant to malignant hyperthermia. Methods This study examined the mechanisms responsible for Ca2+ dyshomeostasis in RYR1-p.G2435R mouse muscles and muscle cells using calcium and sodium ion selective microelectrodes, manganese quench of Fura2 fluorescence, and Western blots. Results RYR1-p.G2435R mouse muscle cells have chronically elevated intracellular resting calcium and sodium and rate of manganese quench (homozygous greater than heterozygous) compared with wild-type muscles. After exposure to 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol, a TRPC3/6 activator, increases in intracellular resting calcium/sodium were significantly greater in RYR1-p.G2435R muscles (from 153 ± 11 nM/10 ± 0.5 mM to 304 ± 45 nM/14.2 ± 0.7 mM in heterozygotes P < 0.001] and from 251 ± 25 nM/13.9 ± 0.5 mM to 534 ± 64 nM/20.9 ± 1.5 mM in homozygotes [P < 0.001] compared with 123 ± 3 nM/8 ± 0.1 mM to 196 ± 27 nM/9.4 ± 0.7 mM in wild type). These increases were inhibited both by simply removing extracellular Ca2+ and by exposure to either a nonspecific (gadolinium) or a newly available, more specific pharmacologic agent (SAR7334) to block TRPC6- and TRPC3-mediated cation influx into cells. Furthermore, local pretreatment with SAR7334 partially decreased the elevation of intracellular resting calcium that is seen in RYR1-p.G2435R muscles during exposure to halothane. Western blot analysis showed that expression of TRPC3 and TRPC6 were significantly increased in RYR1-p.G2435R muscles in a gene–dose–dependent manner, supporting their being a primary molecular basis for increased sarcolemmal cation influx. Conclusions Muscle cells in knock-in mice expressing the RYR1-p.G2435R mutation are hypersensitive to TRPC3/6 activators. This hypersensitivity can be negated with pharmacologic agents that block TRPC3/6 activity. This reinforces the working hypothesis that transient receptor potential cation channels play a critical role in causing intracellular calcium and sodium overload in malignant hyperthermia–susceptible muscle, both at rest and during the malignant hyperthermia crisis. Editor’s Perspective What We Already Know about This Topic What This Article Tells Us That Is New
Published: 2020
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28. Impact of different selection policies on subcutaneous ICD implants and therapies

Author: Amit Kaura, Arthur M. Yue, Paul A. Scott, Paul R. Roberts, Idris Harding, and Francis Murgatroyd
Subjects: Male, Bradycardia, medicine.medical_specialty, Heart disease, medicine.medical_treatment, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Sudden cardiac death, Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy, Prosthesis Implantation, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, In patient, Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Devices, 030212 general & internal medicine, Idiopathic ventricular fibrillation, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, Patient Selection, Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, Ventricular fibrillation, Cardiology, Female, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: BACKGROUND Patients with existing or anticipated indications for cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT), bradycardia, or anti-tachycardia pacing should not be offered subcutaneous defibrillators (SQIDs) but it remains unclear how clinicians should predict future need for these therapies. METHODS We applied three SQID selection policies to data collected retrospectively from transvenous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (TV-ICD) implants: (a) approach A, SQID used in inherited channelopathies and idiopathic ventricular fibrillation only; (b) approach B, as above, plus all hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and grown-up congenital heart disease patients; (c) approach C, as above, plus primary and secondary prevention (for ventricular fibrillation only) of SCD in patients with QRS
Published: 2020
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29. Acute and chronic diabetes complications associated with self-reported oral health: a retrospective cohort study

Author: Laura C. Rosella, Sonica Singhal, Kamini Kaura Parbhakar, and Carlos Quiñonez
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Oral health, periodontal disease, Population health, Acute, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Surveys and Questionnaires, medicine, Diabetes Mellitus, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Chronic, General Dentistry, Periodontal Diseases, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Diabetes Complication, Ontario, business.industry, Medical record, Correction, diabetes complications, Retrospective cohort study, 030206 dentistry, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Health Surveys, lcsh:RK1-715, lcsh:Dentistry, Community health, Cohort, Oral and maxillofacial surgery, Female, Self Report, business, Research Article
Abstract: Background Oral health is associated with diabetes, but the chances of experiencing acute or chronic diabetes complications as per this association is unknown in Canada’s most populous province, Ontario. This study assesses the impact of self-reported oral health on the likelihood of experiencing acute and chronic complications among a cohort of previously diagnosed diabetics. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted of diabetics (n = 5183) who participated in the Canadian Community Health Survey 2003 and 2007–08. Self-reported oral health status was linked to health encounters in electronic medical records until March 31, 2016. Multinomial regression models determined the odds of the first acute or chronic complication after self-report of oral health status. Results Thirty-eight percent of diabetics reporting “poor to fair” oral health experienced a diabetes complication, in comparison to 34% of those reporting “good to excellent” oral health. The odds of an acute or chronic complication among participants reporting “poor to fair” oral health status was 10% (OR 1.10; 95% CI 0.81, 1.51) and 34% (OR 1.34; 95% CI 1.11, 1.61) greater respectively, than among participants experiencing no complications and reporting “good to excellent” oral health. Conclusion Self-reporting “poor to fair” oral health status is associated with a greater likelihood of chronic complications than acute complications. Further research regarding the underlying causal mechanisms linking oral health and diabetes complications is needed.
Published: 2020
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30. The IASLC Lung Cancer Staging Project: Analysis of Resection Margin Status and Proposals for Residual Tumor Descriptors for Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer

Author: John G. Edwards, Kari Chansky, Paul Van Schil, Andrew G. Nicholson, Souheil Boubia, Elisabeth Brambilla, Jessica Donington, Françoise Galateau-Sallé, Hans Hoffmann, Maurizio Infante, Mirella Marino, Edith M. Marom, Jun Nakajima, Marcin Ostrowski, William D. Travis, Ming-Sound Tsao, Yasushi Yatabe, Dorothy J. Giroux, Lynn Shemanski, John Crowley, Marc Krasnik, Hisao Asamura, Ramón Rami-Porta, Valerie Rusch, Luiz Henrique Araujo, David Beer, Pietro Bertoglio, Ricardo Beyruti, Andrea Bille, Vanessa Bolejack, James D. Brierley, A.K. Cangir, David Carbone, Gail Darling, Frank Detterbeck, Xavier Benoit D’Journo, Jessica Donnington, Wilfried Eberhardt, John Edwards, Jeremy Erasmus, Conrad Falkson, Wentao Fang, Dean Fennell, Kwun Fong, Françoise Galateau-Salle, Oliver Gautschi, Ritu Gill, Dorothy Giroux, Meredith Giuliani, Jin Mo Goo, Seiki Hasegawa, Fred Hirsch, Hans Hoffman, Wayne Hofstetter, James Huang, Philippe Joubert, Kemp Kernstine, Keith Kerr, Young Tae Kim, Hong Kwan Kim, Hedy Kindler, Yolande Lievens, Hui Liu, Donald E. Low, Gustavo Lyons, Heber MacMahon, Edith Marom, José-María Matilla, Jan van Meerbeeck, Luis M. Montuenga, Andrew Nicholson, Katie Nishimura, Anna Nowak, Isabelle Opitz, Meinoshin Okumura, Raymond U. Osarogiagbon, Harvey Pass, Marc de Perrot, Helmut Prosch, David Rice, Andreas Rimner, Enrico Ruffini, Shuji Sakai, Navneet Singh, Amy Stoll-D’Astice, Francisco Su´rez, Ricardo M. Terra, Ming S. Tsao, Paula Ugalde, David Waller, Shun-ichi Watanabe, Jacinta Wiens, Ignacio Wistuba, Liyan Jiang, Kaoru Kubota, Akif Turna, Benny Weksler, Maria Teresa Tzukazan, Martin Tammemägi, Charles Powell, David Naidich, Hongxu Liu, Samuel Armato, Alex Brunelli, Giuseppe Cardillo, Elizabeth David, Brigitte Fournier, Mark Krasnik, Kauro Kubota, Catherine Labbe, Eric Lim, Paul Martin Putora, Gaetano Rocco, Pier Luigi Filosso, Kazuya Kondo, Dong Kwan Kim, Giuseppe Giaccone, Marco Lucchi, Thomas Rice, Mark Ferguson, Prasad Adsusmilli, William Travis, Francisco Suárez, Kaura Kubota, Hisao Asamura Shun-ichi, Watanabe, Edith Marom Ramón, Rami-Porta, Ming Tsao, Ming Tsao Shun-ichi, Watanabe, Meredith Guiliani, James Brierley, Ricardo Terra, Ray Osarogiagbon, Luis Montuenga, Hongwei Wang, Françoise Galateau, Jim Mo Goo, Bill Travis, Jose Maria Matilla, Carolle St. Pierre, Ma Teresa Tzukazan, Nicholas Girard, Andreas Rimmer, Francoise Galateau, Prasad Adusumilli, Xavier D’Journo, Donald Low, Adam Rosenthal, and Int Assoc Study Lung Canc Staging
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Lung Neoplasms, Neoplasm, Residual, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung, Cytology, medicine, Humans, Lung cancer, Biology, Lymph node, Neoplasm Staging, Retrospective Studies, Computer. Automation, business.industry, Carcinoma in situ, Margins of Excision, Prognosis, medicine.disease, Clinical trial, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Resection margin, Human medicine, Radiology, Non small cell, Lung cancer staging, business, Mathematics
Abstract: Objective: Our aim was to validate the prognostic relevance in NSCLC of potential residual tumor (R) descriptors, including the proposed International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer definition for uncertain resection, referred to as R(un). Methods: A total of 14,712 patients undergoing resection with full R status and survival were analyzed. The following were also evaluated: whether fewer than three N2 stations were explored, lobe-specific nodal dissection, extracapsular extension, highest lymph node station status, carcinoma in situ at the bronchial resection margin, and pleural lavage cytologic examination result. Revised categories of R0, R(un), R1, and R2 were tested for survival impact. Results: In all, 14,293 cases were R0, 263 were R1, and 156 were R2 (median survivals not reached, 33 months, and 29 months, respectively). R status correlated with T and N categories. A total of 9290 cases (63%) had three or more N2 stations explored and 6641 cases (45%) had lobespecific nodal dissection, correlated with increasing pN2. Extracapsular extension was present in 62 of 364 cases with available data (17%). The highest station was positive in 942 cases (6.4%). The pleural lavage cytologic examination result was positive in 59 of 1705 cases (3.5%): 13 had carcinoma in situ at the bronchial resection margin. After reassignment because of inadequate nodal staging in 56% of cases, 6070 cases were R0, 8185 were R(un), 301 were R1, and 156 were R2. In node-positive cases, the median survival times were 70, 50, and 30 months for RO, R(un) (p < 0.0001), and R1 (p < 0.001), respectively, with no significant difference between RO and R(un) in pN0 cases. Conclusions: R descriptors have prognostic relevance, with R(un) survival stratifying between R0 and R1. Therefore, a detailed evaluation of R factor is of particular importance in the design and analyses of clinical trials of adjuvant therapies. (C) 2019 International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Published: 2020
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31. Trend Analysis of Three Major Mosquito Borne Diseases in Punjab, India

Author: Upninder Kaur, Naveed Pervaiz, Gagandeep Singh Grover, Taruna Kaura, Rakesh Sehgal, Seema Devi, and Jaspreet Takkar
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Distribution (economics), Disease, medicine.disease, medicine.disease_cause, Dengue fever, Trend analysis, Geography, Environmental health, parasitic diseases, Epidemiology, medicine, Chikungunya, Rural area, business, Malaria
Abstract: Background & Objectives: Understanding the distribution and prevalence of three major mosquito borne diseases in an area is critical for the development of effective vector control strategies and public health interventions. The present study is therefore aimed to explore the epidemiological trend of malaria, dengue and chikungunya from 2012 to 2018 in Punjab. Methods: Quantitatively retrospective data was collected from Department of Health and Family Welfare, the National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP), Punjab from 2012 to March 2018. The collected data was statistically analysed. Results: In case of malaria highest prevalent districts in Punjab are Mansa and Bathinda, for dengue Patiala, Ludhiana and S.A.S. Nagar and Patiala for chikungunya. Malaria was reported mainly from rural areas while dengue and chikungunya were found more in urban areas. For all three mosquito borne diseases, males were infected more as compared to females. Malaria cases were reported in months of August and September while dengue cases increased from July to November whereas chikungunya cases were highest in months of August to October. Conclusions: These findings help in concluding the trend analysis which in turn helps us to increase our focus on disease endemic districts along with boosting the vector control strategies in respective districts. Further the control of these mosquito borne diseases can be solved by employing adequate human resources, by increasing awareness in the community by conducting health camps and strengthening the entomological surveillance for timely reduction in the breeding of the vectors, especially before the repeated rise in cases during the period from July to November each year.
Published: 2020
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32. Determinants of outcomes following surgery for type A acute aortic dissection: the UK National Adult Cardiac Surgical Audit

Author: Gianni D Angelini, Amit Kaura, Rakesh Uppal, Shubhra Sinha, Umberto Benedetto, Arnaldo Dimagli, Narain Moorjani, Mark Field, Trivedi Uday, Haris Bilal, Simon Kendal, Graham Cooper, Geoffry Tsang, Enoch Akowuah, George Krasopoulos, Andrew T. Goodwin, Giovanni Mariscalco, and Jorge Mascaro
Subjects: Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Logistic regression, Ventricular Function, Left, Postoperative Complications, Clinical Research, Risk Factors, Volume–outcome relationship, medicine, Humans, AcademicSubjects/MED00200, Hospital Mortality, Cardiac Surgical Procedures, Retrospective Studies, Aortic dissection, Framingham Risk Score, Ejection fraction, business.industry, Stroke Volume, Odds ratio, Type A aortic dissection, medicine.disease, United Kingdom, Confidence interval, Aortic Aneurysm, Cardiac surgery, Surgery, Aortic Dissection, Treatment Outcome, Standardized mortality ratio, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Risk score, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: Aims Operability of type A acute aortic dissections (TAAAD) is currently based on non-standardized decision-making process, and it lacks a disease-specific risk evaluation model that can predict mortality. We investigated patient, intraoperative data, surgeon, and centre-related variables for patients who underwent TAAAD in the UK. Methods and results We identified 4203 patients undergoing TAAAD surgery in the UK (2009–18), who were enrolled into the UK National Adult Cardiac Surgical Audit dataset. The primary outcome was operative mortality. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed with fast backward elimination of variables and the bootstrap-based optimism-correction was adopted to assess model performance. Variation related to hospital or surgeon effects were quantified by a generalized mixed linear model and risk-adjusted funnel plots by displaying the individual standardized mortality ratio against expected deaths. Final variables retained in the model were: age [odds ratio (OR) 1.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–1.03; P, Graphical Abstract
Published: 2022

33. Critical care admission following elective surgery was not associated with survival benefit

Author: Kahan, Brennan C., Desponia, Koulenti, Kostoula, Arvaniti, Vanessa, Beavis, Douglas, Campbell, Matthew, Chan, Rui, Moreno, Pearse, Rupert M., Scott, Beattie, Pierre-Alain, Clavien, Nicolas, Demartines, Lee, A Fleisher, Mike, Grocott, James, Haddow, Andreas, Hoeft, Peter, Holt, Naomi, Pritchard, Andrew, Rhodes, Duminda, Wijeysundera, Matt, Wilson, Tahania, Ahmed, Kirsty, Everingham, Russell, Hewson, Marta, Januszewska, Rupert, M Pearse, Mandeep-Kaur, Phull, Richard, Halliwell, Mark, Shulman, Paul, Myles, Werner, Schmid, Michael, Hiesmayr, Patrick, Wouters, Stefan de Hert, Suzana, Lobo, Xiangming, Fang, Lars, Rasmussen, Emmanuel, Futier, Matthieu, Biais, Aurélien, Venara, Karem, Slim, Michael, Sander, Despoina, Koulenti, Mathew, Chan, Atul, Kulkarni, Susilo, Chandra, Aida, Tantri, Emad, Geddoa, Muntadhar, Abbas, Giorgio Della Rocca, Datin, Sivasakthi, Marzida, Mansor, Pastor, Luna, Arthur, Bouwman, Wolfgang, Buhre, Tim, Short, Tunde, Osinaike, Ricardo, Matos, Ioana, Grigoras, Mikhail, Kirov, Denis, Protsenko, Bruce, Biccard, Cesar, Aldecoa, Michelle, Chew, Christoph, Hofer, Martin, Hubner, James, Ditai, Tamas, Szakmany, Lee, Fleisher, Marissa, Ferguson, Michael, Macmahon, Ritchie, Cherian, Helen, Currow, Kathirgamanathan, Kanathiban, David, Gillespie, Edward, Pathmanathan, Katherine, Phillips, Jenifer, Reynolds, Joanne, Rowley, Jeanene, Douglas, Ross, Kerridge, Sameer, Garg, Michael, Bennett, Megha, Jain, David, Alcock, Nico, Terblanche, Rochelle, Cotter, Kate, Leslie, Marcelle, Stewart, Nicolette, Zingerle, Antony, Clyde, Oliver, Hambidge, Adam, Rehak, Sharon, Cotterell, Wilson Binh Quan Huynh, Timothy, Mcculloch, Erez, Ben-Menachem, Thomas, Egan, Jennifer, Cope, Paul, Fellinger, Simone, Haselberger, Caroline, Holaubek, Paul, Lichtenegger, Florian, Scherz, Franz, Hoffer, Veronika, Cakova, Andreas, Eichwalder, Norbert, Fischbach, Reinhold, Klug, Elisabeth, Schneider, Martin, Vesely, Reinhart, Wickenhauser, Karl Gernot Grubmueller, Marion, Leitgeb, Friedrich, Lang, Nancy, Toro, Marlene, Bauer, Friedrich, Laengle, Thomas, Mayrhofer, Christian, Buerkle, Karin, Forstner, Reinhard, Germann, Harald, Rinoesl, Elke, Schindler, Ernst, Trampitsch, Gerhard, Fritsch, Christian, Szabo, Jawad, Bidgoli, Hans, Verdoodt, Patrice, Forget, David, Kahn, Fernande, Lois, Mona, Momeni, Caroline, Prégardien, Audrey, Pospiech, Arnaud, Steyaert, Laurent, Veevaete, Dirk De Kegel, Karen De Jongh, Luc, Foubert, Carine, Smitz, Marcel, Vercauteren, Jan, Poelaert, Veerle Van Mossevelde, Jacques, Abeloos, Stefaan, Bouchez, Marc, Coppens, Luc De Baerdemaeker, Isabel, Deblaere, Ann De Bruyne, Stefan De Hert, Kristine, Fonck, Bjorn, Heyse, Tom, Jacobs, Koen, Lapage, Anneliese, Moerman, Martine, Neckebroek, Aliaksandra, Parashchanka, Nathalie, Roels, Nancy Van Den Eynde, Michael, Vandenheuvel, Jurgen Van Limmen, Ann, Vanluchene, Caroline, Vanpeteghem, Piet, Wyffels, Christel, Huygens, Punitha, Vandenbempt, Marc Van de Velde, Dimitri, Dylst, Bruno, Janssen, Evelien, Schreurs, Fábia Berganton Aleixo, Keulle, Candido, Hugo Dias Batista, Mario, Guimarães, Jaqueline, Guizeline, João, Hoffmann, Suzana, M Lobo, Francisco Ricardo Lobo, Vinícius, Nascimento, Katia, Nishiyama, Lucas, Pazetto, Daniela, Souza, Rodrigo Souza Rodrigues, Ana Maria Vilela Dos Santos, Jaquelline, Jardim, Joao, Silva, Paulo do Nascimento Junior, Thalissa Hermínia Baio, Gabriel Isaac Pereira de Castro, Henri Roger Watanabe Oliveira, Cristina Prata Amendola, Gutemberg, Cardoso, Daniela, Ortega, Ana Flavia Brotto, Mirella Cristine De Oliveira, Álvaro, Réa-Neto, Fernando, Dias, Pedro, Azambuja, Marcos Freitas Knibel, Antonio, Martins, William, Almeida, Calim Neder Neto, Maria Angela Tardelli, Eliana, Caser, Marcio, Machado, Crisitiano, Aguzzoli, Sérgio, Baldisserotto, Fernanda Beck Tabajara, Fernanda, Bettega, La Hore Correa Rodrigues Júnior, Julia de Gasperi, Lais, Faina, Marcos Farias Nolasco, Bruna Ferreira da Costa Fischer, Mariana Fosch de Campos Ferreira, Cristina, Hartmann, Marta, Kliemann, Gustavo Luis Hubert Ribeiro, Julia Merladete Fraga, Thiago Motta Netto, Laura Valduga Pozza, Paulo Rafael Wendling, Caroline, Azevedo, Juliana, Garcia, Marcel, Lopes, Bernardo, Maia, Paula, Maselli, Ralph, Melo, Weslley, Mendes, Matheus, Neves, Jacqueline, Ney, Claudio, Piras, Christopher, Applewhaite, Adrienne, Carr, Lorraine, Chow, Kaylene, Duttchen, Julena, Foglia, Michael, Greene, Ashley, Hinther, Kendra, Houston, Thomas Jared McCormick, Jennifer, Mikhayel, Sam, Montasser, Alex, Ragan, Andrew, Suen, Adrianna, Woolsey, Hai Chuan Yu, Duane, Funk, Stephen, Kowalski, Regina, Legaspi, Heather, Mcdonald, Faisal, Siddiqui, Jeremy, Pridham, Bernadette, Rowe, Sonia, Sampson, Barton, Thiessen, Geoff, Zbitnew, Andre, Bernard, Ronald, George, Philip, Jones, Rita, Moor, Naveed, Siddiqui, Alexandra, Wolfer, Diem, Tran, Denyse, Winch, Gary, Dobson, Thomas, Mccormick, Osama, Montasser, Richard, Hall, Leyla, Baghirzada, Si Yuan Dai, Gregory, Hare, Esther, Lee, Uma, Shastri, Albert, Tsui, Anmol, Yagnik, Danielle, Alvares, Stephen, Choi, Heather, Dwyer, Kathrina, Flores, Colin, Mccartney, Priya, Somascanthan, Carroll, Jo, Janneth, Pazmino-Canizares, Noam, Ami, Vincent, Chan, Anahi, Perlas, Ruth, Argue, Katie, Lavis, Kelly, Mayson, Ying, Cao, Hong, Gao, Tingju, Hu, Jie, Lv, Jian, Yang, Yang, Yang, Zhong, Yi, Jing, Zhou, Xiaohua, Zou, Miao, He, Xiaoying, Li, Dihuan, Luo, Haiying, Wang, Tian, Yu, Liyong, Chen, Lijun, Wang, Yunfei, Cai, Zhongming, Cao, Yanling, Li, Jiaxin, Lian, Haiyun, Sun, Sheng, Wang, Zhipeng, Wang, Kenru, Wang, Zhu, Yi, Xindan, Du, Hao, Fan, Yunbin, Fu, Lixia, Huang, Yanming, Huang, Haifang, Hwan, Hong, Luo, Pi-Sheng, Qu, Fan, Tao, Zhen, Wang, Guoxiang, Wang, Shun, Wang, Yan, Zhang, Xiaolin, Zhang, Chao, Chen, Weixing, Wang, Zhengyuan, Liu, Lihua, Fan, Jing, Tang, Yijun, Chen, Yongjie, Chen, Yangyang, Han, Changshun, Huang, Guojin, Liang, Jing, Shen, Jun, Wang, Qiuhong, Yang, Jungang, Zhen, Haidong, Zhou, Junping, Chen, Zhang, Chen, Xiaoyu, Li, 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Shuijing, Wu, Guohao, Xie, Kai, Zhang, Bing, Zhao, Xianfu, Lu, Feifei, Chen, Qisheng, Liang, Xuewu, Lin, Yunzhi, Ling, Gang, Liu, Jing, Tao, Yang, Lu, Jialong, Zhou, Fumei, Chen, Yunlin, Feng, Benchao, Hou, Jiamei, Lin, Mei, Liu, Foquan, Luo, Xiaoyun, Shi, Yingfen, Xiong, Lin, Xu, Shuangjia, Yang, Qin, Zhang, Huaigen, Zhang, Weihong, Zhao, Weilu, Zhao, Yun, Bai, Linbi, Chen, Sijia, Chen, Qinxue, Dai, Wujun, Geng, Kunyuan, Han, Xin, He, Luping, Huang, Binbin, Ji, Danyun, Jia, Shenhui, Jin, Qianjun, Li, Dongdong, Liang, Shan, Luo, Lulu, Lwang, Yunchang, Mo, Yuanyuan, Pan, Xinyu, Qi, Meizi, Qian, Jinling, Qin, Yelong, Ren, Yiyi, Shi, Junlu, Wang, Junkai, Wang, Leilei, Wang, Junjie, Xie, Yixiu, Yan, Yurui, Yao, Mingxiao, Zhang, Jiashi, Zhao, Xiuxiu, Zhuang, Yanqiu, Ai, Fang, Du, Long, He, Ledan, Huang, Zhisong, Li, Huijuan, Li, Yetong, Li, Liwei, Li, Meng, Su, Yazhuo, Yuan, Enman, Zhang, Jie, Zhang, Shuna, Zhao, Zhenrong, Ji, Ling, Pei, Wang, Li, Chen, Chen, Beibei, Dong, Jing, Li, 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Mosxogiannidis, Tatiana, Slepova, Isaia-Sissy, Tsakiridou, Claire Lampiri Lampiri, Anastasia Vachlioti Vachlioti, Christos Panagiotakis Panagiotakis, Dimitrios Sfyras Sfyras, Fotios Tsimpoukas Tsimpoukas, Athanasia, Tsirogianni, Elena, Axioti, Andreas, Filippopoulos, Elli, Kalliafa, George, Kassavetis, Petros, Katralis, Ioannis, Komnos, Georgios, Pilichos, Ifigenia, Ravani, Antonis, Totis, Eymorfia, Apagaki, Andromachi, Efthymiadi, Nikolaos, Kampagiannis, Theoniki, Paraforou, Agoritsa, Tsioka, Georgios, Georgiou, Aristeidis, Vakalos, Aggeliki, Bairaktari, Efthimios, Charitos, George, Markou, Panagiota, Niforopoulou, Nikolaos, Papakonstantinou, Evdoxia, Tsigou, Archontoula, Xifara, Menelaos, Zoulamoglou, Panagiota, Gkioni, Stylianos, Karatzas, Aikaterini, Kyparissi, Efstratios, Mainas, Ioannis, Papapanagiotou, Theonymfi, Papavasilopoulou, George, Fragandreas, Eleni, Georgopoulou, Eleni, Katsika, Kyriakos, Psarras, Eirini, Synekidou, Maria, Verroiotou, Evangelia, Vetsiou, Donika, Zaimi, Athina, Anagnou, Konstantinos, Apostolou, Theodora, Melissopoulou, Theophilos, Rozenberg, Christos, Tsigris, Georgios, Boutsikos, Vasileios, Kalles, Nikolaos, Kotsalas, Christina, Lavdaiou, Fotini, Paikou, Georgia-Laura, Panagou, Anna, Spring, Ioannis, Botis, Maria, Drimala, Georgios, Georgakakis, Ellada, Kiourtzieva, Panagiota, Ntouma, Apostolos, Prionas, Kyriakos, Xouplidis, Eleftheria, Dalampini, Chrysavgi, Giannaki, Christina, Iasonidou, Orestis, Ioannidis, Athina, Lavrentieva, Athena, Lavrentieva, George, Papageorgiou, Maria, Kokkinoy, Maria, Stafylaraki, Stylianos, Gaitanakis, Periclis, Karydakis, Josef, Paltoglou, Panagiotis, Ponireas, Panagiotis, Chaloulis, Athanasios, Provatidis, Anisoglou, Sousana, Varvara Vanessa Gardikou, Maria, Konstantivelli, Olga, Lataniotou, Elisavet, Lisari, Maria, Margaroni, Konstantinos, Stamatiou, Edouardos, Nikolaidis, Ioannis, Pnevmatikos, Eleni, Sertaridou, Alexandros, Andreou, Eleni, Arkalaki, Elias, Athanasakis, Fotini, Chaniotaki, Aikaterini, Chatzimichali, Maria, Christofaki, Despina, Dermitzaki, Klara, Fiorentza, Georgios, Frantzeskos, Elisavet, Geromarkaki, Kalliopi, Kafkalaki, Marina, Kalogridaki, Konstyllia, Karydi, Sofia, Kokkini, Georgios, Kougentakis, Tatiana, Lefaki, Emmanouhl, Lilitsis, Aikaterini, Makatounaki, Polychronis, Malliotakis, Dimosthenis, Michelakis, Maria, Neonaki, Vasileia, Nyktari, Iliana, Palikyra, Eleftherios, Papadakis, Alexandra, Papaioannou, Konstantinos, Sfakianakis, Maria, Sgouraki, Xenia, Souvatzis, Anastasia, Spartinou, Nefeli, Stefanidou, Paulina, Syrogianni, Georgia, Tsagkaraki, Elena, Arnaoutoglou, Christina, Arnaoutoglou, Christina, Bali, Vasilios, Bouris, Rodamanthos, Doumos, Konstantia-Paraskevi, Gkini, Clio, Kapaktsi, Vasilios, Koulouras, Arian, Lena, Dimitra, Lepida, Evangelos, Michos, Dimitrios, Papadopoulos, Minas, Paschopoulos, Vaia Aliki Rompou, Ioanna, Siouti, Stavros, Tsampalas, Ourania, Ververidou, Georgios, Zilis, Alexandra, Charlalampidoy, Gregory, Christodoulidis, Andreas, 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Yuan Liang Woon, Husni Zaeem Abd Hadi, Ummi Azmira Ahmad Azam, Abdul Hafiz Alias, Saiful Aizar Kesut, Jun May Lee, Dar Vin Ooi, Hetty Ayuni Sulaiman, Tengku Alini Tengku Lih, Jeyaganesh, Veerakumaran, Eder, Rojas, Gerardo Esteban Alvarez Resendiz, Darcy Danitza Mari Zapata, Julio Cesar Jesús Aguilar López, Armando Adolfo Alvarez Flores, Juan Carlosc Bravo Amador, Erendira Jocelin Dominguez Avila, Laura Patricia González Aquino, Ricardo Lopez Rodriguez, Mariana Torres Landa, Emma, Urias, Markus, Hollmann, Abraham, Hulst, Osne, Kirzner, Benedikt, Preckel, Ankie Koopman-van Gemert, Marc, Buise, Noortje, Tolenaar, Eric, Weber, Jennifer de Fretes, Peter, Houweling, Patricia, Ormskerk, Jasper Van Bommel, Marcus, Lance, Valerie, Smit-Fun, Tom van Zundert, Peter, Baas, Hans Donald de Boer, Joost, Sprakel, Renske, Elferink-Vonk, Peter, Noordzij, Laura van Zeggeren, Bastiaan, Brand, Rob, Spanjersberg, Janneke Ten Bokkel-Andela, Janneke, Numan, Wilton van Klei, Bas van Zaane, Christa, Boer, Yoni van Duivenvoorde, Jens Peter Hering, Harry, Zonneveldt, Doug, Campbell, Siobhan, Hoare, Sahayam, Santa, Sara Jane Allen, Rachel, Bell, Hyun-Min David Choi, Matthew, Drake, Helen, Farrell, Kushlin, Higgie, Kerry, Holmes, Nicole, Jenkins, Chang Joon Kim, Steven, Kim, Kiew Chai Law, Davina, Mcallister, Karen, Park, Karen, Pedersen, Leesa, Pfeifer, Timothy, Salmond, Martin, Steynor, Michael, Tan, Ellen, Waymouth, Ahmad Sufian Ab Rahman, John, Armstrong, Rosie, Dudson, Nia, Jenkins, Jayashree, Nilakant, Seigne, Richard, Pardeep, Virdi, Liane, Dixon, Roana, Donohue, Mehreen, Farrow, Ross, Kennedy, Henderson, Marissa, Margie, Mckellow, Delany, Nicola, Rebecca, Pascoe, Stephen John Roberts, George, Rowell, Matthew, Sumner, Paul, Templer, Shardha, Chandrasekharan, Graham, Fulton, Jammer, Ib, Marlynn, Ali, Richard, More, Leona, Wilson, Yuan Hsuan Chang, Julia, Chang, Carolyn, Fowler, Jonathan, Panckhurst, Rachel, Sara, Francois, Stapelberg, Veronica, Cherrett, Donna Louise Ganter, Lloyd, Mccann, 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Bhavika, Daya, Leanne, Drummond, Ali, Elabib, Ehab Helmy Abdel Goad, Ismail, E Goga, Riaz, Goga, Harrichandparsad, R, Richard, E Hodgson, Jordaan, J, Nicky, Kalafatis, Christian, Kampik, T Landers, A, Emil, Loots, Rajhmum, Madansein, Anil, Madaree, Thandinkosi, E Madiba, Vukani, T Manzini, Mbali, Mbuyisa, Rajan, Moodley, Mduduzi, Msomi, Innocent, Mukama, Desigan, Naidoo, Rubeshan, Naidoo, Tesuven, K Naidu, Sindiswa, Ntloko, Eneshia, Padayachee, Lucelle, Padayachee, Martijn, Phaff, Bala, Pillay, Desigan, Pillay, Lutchmee, Pillay, Anupa, Ramnarain, Suren, R Ramphal, Paul, Ryan, Ahmed, Saloojee, Motshedisi, Sebitloane, Noluyolo, Sigcu, Jenna, L Taylor, Alexandra, Torborg, Linda, Visser, Philip, Anderson, Alae, Conradie, Mathew de Swardt, Martin de Villiers, Johan, Eikman, Riaan, Liebenberg, Johan, Mouton, Abbey, Paton, Louwrence van der Merwe, Candice, Wilscott-Davids, Wendy Joan Barrett, Marlet, Bester, Johan de Beer, Jacques, Geldenhuys, Hanni, Gouws, Jan-Hendrik, Potgieter, Magdel, Strydom, Edwin, Wilberforce-Turton, Rubendraj, R Chetty, Subash, Chirkut, Larissa, Cronje, Kim de Vasconcellos, Nokukhanya, Z Dube, N Sibusiso Gama, Garyth, M Green, Randolph, Green-Thompson, Suman Mewa Kinoo, Prenolin, Kistnasami, Kapil, Maharaj, Manogaran, S Moodley, Sibongile, J Mothae, Ruvashni, Naidoo, Aslam, M, Noorbhai, F, Vivesh, Rughubar, Jenendhiran, Reddy, Avesh, Singh, David, L Skinner, Murray, J Smith, Bhagwan, Singh, Ravi, Misra, Maheshwar, Naidoo, Pireshin, Ramdharee, Yvonne, Selibea, Selina, Sewpersad, Shailendra, Sham, Joseph, D Wessels, Cucu, Africander, Tarek, Bejia, Stephen, P Blakemore, Marisa, Botes, Bimalshakth, Bunwarie, Carlos, B Hernandez, Mohammud, A Jeeraz, Dagmara, A Legutko, Acela, G Lopez, Jenine, N De Meyer, Tanaka, Muzenda, Noel, Naidoo, Maryam, Patel, Rao, Pentela, Marina, Junge, Naj, Mansoor, Lana, Rademan, Pawel, Scislowski, Ismail, Seedat, Bianca van den Berg, Doreen van der Merwe, Steyn van Wyk, Komalan, Govender, Darshan, Naicker, Rajesh, Ramjee, 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Tsang, Man Shing, Lai, Man Ling, Yip, Chi Pang, Chan, Hey Man Heyman, Law, Bassanio, Li, Wing Sze, Chu, Hiu Man, Koo, Emily Gar Yee, Lam, Chi Cheong Joe, Cheng, Ka Ho, Lam, Tracy, Chu, Susanna, Lam, Wing Yan, Wong, Kin Wai Kevin, Kwok, Dily, Hung, Ching Yue Janice, Chan, Wai Kit Jacky, LamWong, Wing, Chung, Chun Kwong Eric, Ma, Shu Kai, Kaushik, Shuchi, Shah, Bhagyesh, Shah, Dhiren, Shah, Sanjay, Ar, Praburaj, Muthuchellappan, Radhakrishnan, Agarwal, Vandana, Divatia, Jigeeshu, Mishra, Sanghamitra, Nimje, Ganesh, Pande, Swati, Savarkar, Sukhada, Shrivastava, Aditi, Thomas, Martin, Yegnaram, Shashikant, Hidayatullah, Rahmat, Puar, Nasman, Niman, Sumara, Indra, Imai, Hamzah, Zulkarnain, Yuliana, Annika, Abidin, Ucu Nurhadiat, Dursin, Ade Nurkacan, Kurnia, Andri, Susanti, Ade, Handayani, Dini, Aribawa, Mahaalit Alit, Arya, Aryabiantara, Senapathi, Tjokorda Gde Agung, Utara, Utara Hartawan, Wid, Widnyana Made, Wima, Semarawima, Wir, Wiryana Made, Jehosua, Brillyan, Kaunang, Jonathan, Lantang, Eka Yudha, Najoan, Rini, Waworuntu, Neil, Awad, Hadi, Fuad, Akram, Geddoa, Burair, Khalaf, Abdel Razzaq, Al hussaini, Sabah, Albaj, Safauldeensalem, Kenber, Maithem, Bettinelli, Alessandra, Spadaro, Savino, Volta, Carlo Alberto, Giancarlo, Luigi, Sottosanti, Vicari, Spagnesi, Lorenzo, Toretti, Ilaria, Alloj, Chiara, Cardellino, Silvano, Carmino, Livio, Costanzo, Eleonora, Fanfani, Lucia Caterina, Novelli, Maria Teresa, Roasio, Agostino, Bellandi, Mattia, Beretta, Luigi, Bignami, Elena, Bocchino, Speranza, Cabrini, Luca, Corti, Daniele, Landoni, Giovanni, Meroni, Roberta, Moizo, Elena, Monti, Giacomo, Pintaudi, Margherita, Plumari, Valentina Paola, Taddeo, Daiana, Testa, Valentina, Winterton, Dario, Zangrillo, Alberto, Cloro, Luigi Maria, Colangelo, Chiara, Colangelo, Antonio, Rotunno, Giuseppe, Angel, Miguel Paludi, Maria, Cloro Paolo, Pata, Antonio, Parrini, Vieri, Gatta, Alessandro, Nastasi, Mauro, Tinti, Carla, Arrigo, Mario, Benevento, Angelo, Bottini, Corrado, Cannavo’, Maurizio, Gastaldi, Christian, Marchesi, Alessandro, Pascazio, Angelantonio, Pata, Francesco, Pozzi, Emilio, Premoli, Alberto, Tessera, Gaetano, Boschi, Luca, D’Andrea, Rocco, Ghignone, Federico, Poggioli, Gilberto, Sibilio, Andrea, Taffurelli, Mario, Ugolini, Giampaolo, Ab Majid, Mohd Azuan, Ab Rahman, Rusnah, Joseph, Jame, Pathan, Furquan, Shah, Mohammad Hafizshah Sybil, Yap, Huey Ling, Cheah, Seleen, Chin, Im Im, Looi, Ji Keon, Tan, Siew Ching, Visvalingam, Sheshendrasurian, Kwok, Fan Yin, Lee, Chew Kiok, Tan, Tse Siang, Wong, Sze Meng, Abdullah, Noor Hairiza, Liew, Chiat Fong, Luxuman, Lovenia, Mohd Zin, Nor Hafizah, Norddin, Muhamad Faiz, Alias, Raja Liza Raja, Wong, Juan Yong, Yong, Johnny, Bin Mustapha, Mohd Tarmimi, Chan, Weng Ken, Dzulkipli, Norizawati, Kuan, Pei Xuan, Lee, Yew Ching, Alias, Anita, Guok, Eng Ching, Jee, Chiun Chen, Ramon, Brian Rhadamantyne, Weng, Cheng Wong, Abd Ghafar, Fara Nur Idayu, Aziz, Faizal Zuhri, Hussain, Nabilah, Lee, Hooi Sean, Sukawi, Ismawaty, Woon, Yuan Liang, Abd Hadi, Husni Zaeem, Ahmad Azam, Ummi Azmira, Alias, Abdul Hafiz, Kesut, Saiful Aizar, Lee, Jun May, Ooi, Dar Vin, Sulaiman, Hetty Ayuni, Tengku Lih, Tengku Alini, Veerakumaran, Jeyaganesh, Rojas, Eder, Resendiz, Gerardo Esteban Alvarez, Zapata, Darcy Danitza Mari, Aguilar López, Julio Cesar Jesú, Flores, Armando Adolfo Alvarez, Amador, Juan Carlosc Bravo, Avila, Erendira Jocelin Dominguez, Aquino, Laura Patricia González, Rodriguez, Ricardo Lopez, Landa, Mariana Torre, Urias, Emma, Hollmann, Marku, Hulst, Abraham, Kirzner, Osne, Preckel, Benedikt, Koopman-van Gemert, Ankie, Buise, Marc, Tolenaar, Noortje, Weber, Eric, de Fretes, Jennifer, Houweling, Peter, Ormskerk, Patricia, Van Bommel, Jasper, Lance, Marcu, Smit-Fun, Valerie, van Zundert, Tom, Baas, Peter, de Boer, Hans Donald, Sprakel, Joost, Elferink-Vonk, Renske, Noordzij, Peter, van Zeggeren, Laura, Brand, Bastiaan, spanjersberg, Rob, ten Bokkel-Andela, Janneke, Numan, Janneke, van Klei, Wilton, van Zaane, 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Ganter, Donna Louise, McCann, Lloyd, Foley, Julia, Gilmour, Fiona, Lumsden, Rachelle, Moores, Mark, Olliff, Sue, Sardareva, Elitza, Tai, Joyce, Wikner, Matthew, Wong, Christopher, Chaddock, Mark, Czepanski, Carolyn, McKendry, Patrick, Polakovic, Daniel, Polakovich, Daniel, Robert, Axe, Tormo Belda, Margarita, Norton, Tracy, Alherz, Fadhel, Barneto, Lisa, Ramirez, Alberto, Sayeed, Ahmed, Smith, Nicola, Bennett, Cambell, McQuoid, Shane, Jansen, Tracy-Lee, Nico, Zin, Scott, John, Freschini, David, Freschini, Angela, Hopkins, Brian, Manson, Lara, Stoltz, Deon, Bates, Alexander, Davis, Simon, Freeman, Victoria, McGaughran, Lynette, Baskar Sharma, Swarna, Burrows, Tom, Byrne, Kelly, English, Duane, Johnson, Robert, Chai Law, Kiew, Manikkam, Brendon, Naidoo, Shaun, Rumball, Margot, Whittle, Nicola, Franks, Romilla, Gibson-Lapsley, Hannah, Salter, Ryan, Walsh, Dean, Cooper, Richard, Perry, Katherine, Obobolo, Amo, Sule, Umar Musa, Ahmad, Abdurrahman, Atiku, Mamuda, Mohammed, Alhassan Datti, Sarki, Adamu Muhammad, Adekola, Oyebola, Akanmu, Olanrewaju, Durodola, Akanmu, Olukoju, Olusegun, Raji, Victor, Olajumoke, Tokunbo, Oyebamiji, Emmanuel, Adenekan, Anthony, Adetoye, Adenekan, Faponle, Folayemi, Olateju, Simeon, Owojuyigbe, Afolabi, Talabi, Ademola, Adenike, Odewabi, Adewale, Badru, Collins, Nwokoro, Ezekiel, Emmanuel, Fatungase, Oluwabunmi Motunrayo, Grace, Anuforo, Sola, Sotannde, Stella, Ogunmuyiwa, Ademola, Adeyinka, Adeolu, Augustine A., Adigun, Tinuolac, Akinwale, Mukaila, Fasina, Oluyemi, Gbolahan, Olalere, Idowu, Olusola, Olonisakin, Rotimi Peter, Osinaike, Babatunde Babasola, Asudo, Felicia, Mshelia, Danladi, Abdur-Rahman, Lukman, Agodirin, Olayide, Bello, Jibril, Bolaji, Benjamin, Oyedepo, Olanrewaju Olubukola, Ezike, Humphrey, Iloabachie, Ikechukwu, Okonkwo, Ikemefuna, Onuora, Elia, Onyeka, Tonia, Ugwu, Innocent, Umeh, Friday, Alagbe-Briggs, Olubusola, Dodiyi-Manuel, Amabra, Echem, Richard, Obasuyi, Bright, Onajin-Obembe, Bisola, Bandeira, Maria Expedito, 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Kulikov, Alexander, Lubnin, Andrey, Grigoryev, Evgeny, Pugachev, Stanislav, Tolmasov, Alexander, Hussain, Ayyaz, Ilyina, Yana, Roshchina, Anna, Iurin, Aleksandr, Chazova, Elena, Dunay, Artem, Karelov, Alexey, Khvedelidze, Irina, Voldaeva, Olga, Belskiy, Vladislav, Dzhamullaev, Parvin, Grishkowez, Elena, Kretov, Vladimir, Levin, Valeriy, Molkov, Aleksandr, Puzanov, Sergey, Samoilenko, Aleksandr, Tchekulaev, Aleksandr, Tulupova, Valentina, Utkin, Ivan, Allorto, Nikki Leigh, Bishop, David Gray, Builu, Pierre Monji, Cairns, Carel, Dasrath, Ashish, de Wet, Jacque, den Hoedt, Marielle, Grey, Ben, Hayes, Morgan Philip, Küsel, Belinda Senta, Shangase, Nomcebo, Wise, Robert, Cacala, Sharon, Farina, Zane, Govindasamy, Vishendran, Kruse, Carl-Heinz, Lee, Carolyn, Marais, Leonard, Naidoo, Thinagrin Dhasarthun, Rajah, Chantal, Rodseth, Reitze Nil, Ryan, Lisa, von Rhaden, Richard, Adam, Suwayba, Alphonsus, Christella, Ameer, Yusuf, Anderson, Frank, Basanth, Sujith, Bechan, Sudha, Bhula, Chettan, 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Delgado García, David R., Zamudio, Diana, Garcia Del Valle, Santiago, Luz Serrano, M., Alonso, Eduardo, Anillo, Victor, Maseda, Emilio, Salgado, Patricia, Suarez, Lui, Suarez-de-la-Rica, Alejandro, Villagrán, María José, Alonso, José Ignacio, Cabezuelo, Estefania, Garcia-Saiz, Irene, Lopez del Moral, Olga, Martín, Silvia, Perez Gonzalez, Alba, Tovar Doncel, Sherezade, Vera, Martin Agüero, Ávila Sánchez, Francisco José, Castaño, Beatriz, Castaño Moreira, Beatriz, Flores Risco, Sahely, Paz Martín, Daniel, Pérez Martín, Fernando, Poza, Paloma, Ruiz, Adela, Serna Martínez, Wilson Fabio, Vicente, Bárbara Vázquez, Dominguez, Saul Velaz, Fernández, Salvador, Munoz-López, Alfonso, Bernat, Maria Jose, Mas, Arantxa, Planas, Kenneth, Jawad, Monir, Saeed, Yousif, Hedin, Annika, Levander, Helena, Holmström, Sandra, Lönn, David, Zoerner, Frank, Åkring, Irene, Widmark, Carl, Zettergren, Jan, Liljequist, Victor Aspelund, Nystrom, Lena, Odeberg-Wernerman, Suzanne, Oldner, Ander, Reje, Patrik, Lyckner, 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Amir, Shekar, Priya, Harden, Catherine, Hollands, Heidi, King, Angela, March, Linda, Minto, Gary, Patrick, Abigail, Waugh, Darren, Kumara, Paramesh, Simeson, Karen, Yarwood, Jamie, Browning, Julie, Hatton, Jonathan, Julian, Howe, Mitra, Atideb, Newton, Maria, Pernu, Pawan, Wilson, Alison, Commey, Thelma, Foot, Helen, Glover, Lyn, Gupta, Ajay, Lancaster, Nicola, Levin, Jill, Mackenzie, Felicity, Mestanza, Claire, Nofal, Emma, Pout, Lauren, Varden, Rosanna, Wild, Jonathan, Jones, Stephanie, Moreton, Sarah, Pulletz, Mark, Davies, Charlotte, Martin, Matthew, Thomas, Sian, Burns, Karen, McArthur, Carol, Patel, Panna, Lau, Gary, Rich, Natalie, Davis, Fiona, Lyons, Rachel, Port, Beth, Prout, Rachel, Smith, Christopher, Adelaja, Yemi, Bennett, Victoria, Bidd, Heena, Dumitrescu, Alexandra, Murphy, Jacqui Fox, Keen, Abigail, Mguni, Nhlanhla, Ong, Cheng, Adams, George, Boshier, Pier, Brown, Richard, Butryn, Izabella, Chatterjee, Jayanta, Freethy, Alexander, Lockwood, Geoffrey, Tsakok, Maria, Tsiligiannis, Sophia, Peat, William, Stephenson, Lorraine, Bradburn, Mike, Pick, Sara, Cunha, Pedro, Olagbaiye, Olufemi, Tayeh, Salim, Abernethy, Caroline, Balasubramaniam, Madhu, Bennett, Rachael, Bolton, David, Martinson, Victoria, Naylor, Charde, Bell, Stephanie, Heather, Blaylock, Kushakovsky, Vlad, Alcock, Liam, Alexander, Hazel, Anderson, Colette, Baker, Paul, Brookes, Morag, Cawthorn, Louise, Cirstea, Emanuel, Colling, Kerry, Coulter, Ian, Das, Suparna, Haigh, Kathryn, Hamdan, Alhafidz, Hugill, Keith, Kottam, Lucksy, Lisseter, Emily, Mawdsley, Matthew, McGivern, Julie, Padala, Krishnaveni, Phelps, Victoria, kumar, Vineshykaa Ramesh, Stewart, Kirsten, Towse, Kayley, Tregonning, Julie, Vahedi, Ali, Walker, Alycon, Baines, Duncan, Bilolikar, Anjali, Chande, Shiv, Copley, Edward, Dunk, Nigel, Kulkarni, Raghavendra, Kumar, Pawan, Metodiev, Yavor, Ncomanzi, Dumisani, Raithatha, Bhavesh, Raymode, Parizade, Szafranski, Jan, Twohey, Linda, Watt, Philip, Weatherall, Lucie, Weatherill, J., Whitman, Zoe, Wighton, Elinor, Abayasinghe, Chamika, Chan, Alexander, Darwish, Sharif, Gill, Jame, Glasgow, Emma, Hadfield, Daniel, Harris, Clair, Kochhar, Arun, Mellis, Clare, Pool, Andrew, Riozzi, Paul, Selman, Andrew, Smith, Emma-Jane, Vele, Liana, Gercek, Yuksel, Guy, Kramer, Holden, Dougla, Watson, Nichola, Whysall, Karen, Andreou, Prematie, Hales, Dawn, Thompson, Jonathan, Bowrey, Sarah, McDonald, Shara, Gilmore, Jemma, Hills, Vicky, Kelly, Chan, Kelly, Sinead, Lloyd, Geraint, Abbott, Tom, Gall, Lewi, Torrance, Hew, Vivian, Mark, Berntsen, Emer, Nolan, Tracey, Turner, Angu, Vohra, Akbar, Brown, Andrew, Clark, Richard, Coughlan, Elaine, Daniel, Conway, Patvardhan, Chinmay, Pearson, Rachel, Predeep, Sheba, Saad, Hesham, Shanmugam, Mohanakrishnan, Varley, Simon, Wylie, Katharine, Cooper, Lucy, Makowski, Arystarch, Misztal, Beata, Moldovan, Eliza, Pegg, Claire, Donovan, Andrew, Foot, Jayne, Large, Simon, Claxton, Andrew, Netke, Bhagyashree, Armstrong, Richard, Calderwood, Claire, Kwok, Andy, Mohr, Otto, Oyeniyi, Peter, Patnaik, Lisa, Post, Benjamin, Ali, Sarah, Arshad, Homa, Baker, Gerard, Brenner, Laura, Brincat, Maximilian, Brunswicker, Annemarie, Cox, Hannah, Cozar, Octavian Ionut, Durst, Alexander, Fengas, Lior, Flatt, Jim, Glister, Georgina, Narwani, Vishal, Photi, Evangelo, Rankin, Adeline, Rosbergen, Melissa, Tan, Mark, Beaton, Ceri, Horn, Rachel, Hunt, Jane, Rousseau, Guy, Stancombe, Lucia, Absar, Mohammed, Allsop, Joanne, Drinkwater, Zoe, Hodgkiss, Tracey, Smith, Kirsty, Brown, Jamie, Alexander-Sefre, Farhad, Campey, Lorraine, Dudgeon, Lucy, Hall, Kathryn, Hitchcock, Rachael, James, Lynne, Smith, Kate, Winstone, Ulrika, Ahmad, Norfaizan, Bauchmuller, Kri, Harrison, Jonathan, Jeffery, Holly, Miller, Duncan, Pinder, Angela, Pothuneedi, Sailaja, Rosser, Jonathan, Sanghera, Sumayer, Swift, Diane, Walker, Rachel, Bester, Delia, Cavanagh, Sarah, Cripps, Heather, Daniel, Harvey, Lynch, Julie, Paton, Alison, Pyke, Shirley, Scholefield, John, Whitworth, Helen, Bottrill, Fiona, Ramalingam, Ganesh, Webb, Stephen, Akerman, Nik, Antill, Philip, Bourner, Lynsey, Buckley, Sarah, Castle, Gail, Charles, Rob, Eggleston, Christopher, Foster, Rebecca, Gill, Satwant, Lindley, Kate, Lklouk, Mohamed, Lowery, Tracey, Martin, Oliver, Milne, David, O’Connor, Patrick, Ratcliffe, Andrew, Rose, Alastair, Smith, Annie, Varma, Sandeep, Ward, Jackie, Barcraft-Barnes, Helena, Camsooksai, Julie, Colvin, Carolyn, Reschreiter, Henrik, Tbaily, Lee, Venner, Nicola, Hamilton, Caroline, Kelly, Lewi, Toth-Tarsoly, Piroska, Dodsworth, Kerry, Foord, Denise, Gordon, Paul, Hawes, Elizabeth, Lamb, Nikki, Mouland, Johanna, Nightingale, Jeremy, Rose, Steve, Schrieber, Joe, Al ‘Amri, Khalid, Aladin, Hafiz, Arshad, Mohammed Asif, Barraclough, Jame, Bentley, Conor, Bergin, Colin, Carrera, Ronald, Clarkson, Aisling, Collins, Michelle, Cooper, Lauren, Denham, Samuel, Griffiths, Ewen, Ip, Peter, Jeyanthan, Somasundaram, Joory, Kavita, Kaur, Satwant, Marriott, Paul, Mitchell, Natalie, Nagaiah, Sukumar, Nilsson, Annette, Parekh, Nilesh, Pope, Martin, Seager, Joseph, Serag, Hosam, Tameem, Alifia, Thomas, Anna, Thunder, Joanne, Torrance, Andrew, Vohra, Ravinder, whitehouse, Arlo, Wong, Tony, Blunt, Mark, Wong, Kate, Giles, Julian, Reed, Isabelle, Weller, Debbie, Bell, Gillian, Birch, Julie, Damant, Rose, Maiden, Jane, Mewies, Clare, Prince, Claire, Radford, Jane, Balain, Birender, Banerjee, Robin, Barnett, Andrew, Burston, Ben, Davies, Kirsty, Edwards, Jayne, Evans, Chri, Ford, David, Gallacher, Pete, Hill, Simon, Jaffray, David, Karlakki, Sudheer, Kelly, Cormac, Kennedy, Julia, Kiely, Nigel, Lewthwaite, Simon, Marquis, Chri, Ockendon, Matthew, Phillips, Stephen, Pickard, Simon, Richardson, Jame, Roach, Richard, Smith, Tony, Spencer-Jones, Richard, Steele, Niall, Steen, Julie, Van Liefland, Marck, White, Steve, Faulds, Matthew, Harris, Meredyth, Kelly, Carrie, Nicol, Scott, Pearson, Sally Anne, Chukkambotla, Srikanth, Andrew, Alyson, Attrill, Elizabeth, Campbell, Graham, Datson, Amanda, Fouracres, Anna, Graterol, Juan, Graves, Lynne, Hong, Bosun, Ishimaru, Alexander, Karthikeyan, Arvind, King, Helen, Lawson, Tom, Lee, Gregory, Lyons, Saoirse, Macalister Hall, Andrew, Mathoulin, Sophie, Mcintyre, Eilidh, Mclaughlin, Danny, Mulcahy, Kathleen, Ratcliffe, Anna, Robbins, Jame, Sung, Weilin, Tayo, Adeoluwa, Trembath, Lisa, Venugopal, Suneetha, Walker, Robert, Wigmore, Geoffrey, Boereboom, Catherine, Downes, Charlotte, Humphries, Ryan, Melbourne, Susan, Smith, Coral, Tou, Samson, Ullah, Shafa, Batchelor, Nick, Boxall, Leigh, Broomby, Rupert, Deen, Tariq, Hellewell, Alistair, Helliwell, Laurence, Hutchings, Melanie, Hutchins, David, Keenan, Samantha, Mackie, Donna, Donna, Alison, Smith, France, Stone, Lucy, Thorpe, Kevin, Wassall, Richard, Woodgate, Andrew, Baillie, Shelley, Campbell, Tara, James, Sarah, King, Chri, Marques de Araujo, Daniela, Martin, Daniel, Morkane, Clare, Neely, Julia, Rajendram, Rajkumar, Burton, Megan, James, Kathryn, Keevil, Edward, Minik, Orsolya, Morgan, Jenna, Musgrave, Anna, Rajanna, Harish, Roberts, Tracey, Adamson, Michael, Jumbe, Sandra, Kendall, Jennie, Muthuswamy, Mohan Babu, Anderson, Charlotte, Cruikshanks, Andrew, Wrench, Ian, Zeidan, Lisa, Ardern, Diane, Harris, Benjamin, Hellstrom, Johanna, Martin, Jane, Thomas, Richard, Varsani, Nimu, Wrey Brown, Caroline, Docherty, Philip, Gillies, Michael, McGregor, Euan, Usher, Helen, Craig, Jayne, Smith, Andrew, Ahmad, Tahania, Bodger, Phoebe, Creary, Thai, Fowler, Alexander, Hewson, Ru, Ijuo, Eke, Jones, Timothy, Kantsedikas, Ilya, Lahiri, Sumitra, McLean, Aaron Lawson, Niebrzegowska, Edyta, Phull, Mandeep, Wang, Difei, Wickboldt, Nadine, Baldwin, Jacqueline, Doyle, Donna, Mcmullan, Sean, Oladapo, Michelle, Owen, Thoma, Williams, Alexandra, Daniel, Hull, Gregory, Peter, Husain, Tauqeer, Kirk-Bayley, Justin, Mathers, Edward, Montague, Laura, White, Stuart, Avis, Joanne, Cook, Tim, Dali-Kemmery, Lola, Kerslake, Ian, Lambourne, Victoria, Pearson, Annabel, Boyd, Christine, Callaghan, Mark, Lawson, Cathy, McCrossan, Roopa, Nesbitt, Vanessa, O’connor, Laura, Scott, Julia, Sinclair, Rhona, Farid, Nahla, Morgese, Ciro, Bhatia, Kailash, Karmarkar, Swati, Ahmed, Jamil, Branagan, Graham, Hutton, Monica, Swain, Andrew, Brookes, Jamie, Cornell, Jonathan, Dolan, Rachael, Hulme, Jonathan, Jansen van Vuuren, Amanda, Jowitt, Tom, Kalashetty, Gunasheela, Lloyd, Fran, Patel, Kiran, Sherwood, Nichola, Brown, Lynne, Chandler, Ben, Deighton, Kerry, Emma, Temlett, Haunch, Kirsty, Cheeseman, Michelle, Dent, Kathy, Garg, Sanjeev, Gray, Carol, Hood, Marion, Jones, Dawn, Juj, Joanne, Rao, Roshan, Walker, Tara, Al Anizi, Mashel, Cheah, Clarissa, Cheing, Yushio, Coutinho, Francisco, Gondo, Prisca, Hadebe, Bernard, Onie Hove, Mazvangu, khader, Ahamed, Krishnachetty, Bobby, Rhodes, Karen, Sokhi, Jagdish, Baker, Katie-Anne, Bertram, Wendy, Looseley, Alex, Mouton, Ronelle, Arnold, Glenn, Arya, Shobhit, Balfoussia, Danai, Baxter, Linden, Harris, Jame, Jones, Craig, Knaggs, Alison, Markar, Sheraz, Perera, Anisha, Scott, Alasdair, Shida, Asako, Sirha, Ravneet, Wright, Sally, Frost, Victoria, Gray, Catherine, MacGregor, Mark, Andrews, Emma, Arrandale, Lindsay, Barrett, Stephen, Cifra, Elna, Cooper, Mariese, Dragnea, Drago, Elna, Cifra, Maclean, Jennifer, Meier, Sonja, Milliken, Donald, Munns, Christopher, Ratanshi, Nadir, Salvana, Abegail, Watson, Anthony, Ali, Hani, Campbell, Gill, Critchley, Rebecca, Hicks, Catherine, Liddle, Alison, Pass, Marc, Ritchie, Charlotte, Thomas, Charlotte, Too, Lingxi, Welsh, Sarah, Gill, Talvinder, Johnson, Joanne, Reed, Joanne, Davis, Edward, Papadopoullos, Sam, Attwood, Clare, Biffen, Andrew, Boulton, Kerenza, Gray, Sophie, Hay, David, Mills, Sarah, Montgomery, Jane, Riddell, Rory, Simpson, Jame, Bhardwaj, Neeraj, Paul, Elaine, Uwubamwen, Nosakhare, Alexander, Maini, Arrich, Jame, Arumugam, Swarna, Blackwood, Dougla, Boggiano, Victoria, Brown, Robyn, Lam Chan, Yik, Chatterjee, Devnandan, Chhabra, Ashok, Christian, Rachel, Costelloe, Hannah, Coxwell Matthewman, Madeline, Dalton, Emma, Darko, Julia, Davari, Maria, Dave, Tejal, Deacon, Matthew, Deepak, Shantal, Edmond, Holly, Ellis, Jessica, El-Sayed, Ahmed, Eneje, Philip, English, Rose, Ewe, Renee, Foers, William, Franklin, John, Gallego, Laura, Garrett, Emily, Goldberg, Olivia, Goss, Harry, Greaves, Rosanna, Harris, Rudy, Hennings, Charle, Jones, Eleanor, Kamali, Nelson, Kokkinos, Naomi, Lewis, Cary, Lignos, Leda, Malgapo, Evaleen Victoria, Malik, Rizwana, Milne, Andrew, Mulligan, John-Patrick, Nicklin, Philippa, Palipane, Natasha, Parsons, Thoma, Piper, Rebecca, Prakash, Rohan, Ramesh, Byron, Rasip, Sarah, Reading, Jacob, Rela, Mariam, Reyes, Anna, Robert, Stephen, Rooms, Martin, Shah, Karishma, Simons, Henry, Solanki, Shalil, Spowart, Emma, Stevens, Amy, Thomas, Christopher, Waggett, Helena, Yassaee, Arrash, Kennedy, Anthony, Scott, Sara, Somanath, Sameer, Berg, Andrew, Hernandez, Miguel, Nanda, Rajesh, Tank, Ghanshyambhai, Wilson, Natalie, 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Garg, A., Karpate, S., O'Hara, C., Troko, J., Angus, K., Bradley, J., Brennan, E., Brooks, C., Brown, J., Brown, G., Finch, A., Gratrix, K., Hesketh, S., Hill, G., Jeffs, C., Morgan, M., Pemberton, C., Slawson, N., Spickett, H., Swarbrick, G., Van Duyvenvoorde, G., Brennan, A., Briscoe, R., Cooper, S., Lawton, T., Northey, M., Senaratne, R., Stanworth, H., Burrows, L., Cain, H., Craven, R., Davies, K., Jonas, A., Pachucki, M., Walkden, G., Davies, H., Gudaca, M., Hobrok, M., Arawwawala, D., Fergey, L., Gardiner, M., Gunn, J., Johnson, L., Lofting, A., Lyle, A., Mc Neela, F., Smolen, S., Topliffe, J., Williams, S., Bland, M., Kaura, V., Lanka, P., Naylor, C., Ahmed, A., Myatt, J., Shenoy, R., Soon, W.C., Tan, J., Karadia, S., Self, J., Durant, E., Tripathi, S., Bullock, C., Ghosh, A., Hughes, T., Zsisku, L., Bengeri, S., Cowton, A., Khalid, M.S., Limb, J., McAdam, C., Porritt, M., Rafi, M.A., Shekar, P., Harden, C., Hollands, H., King, A., March, L., Minto, G., Patrick, A., Waugh, D., Kumara, P., Simeson, K., Yarwood, J., Browning, J., Hatton, J., Julian, H., Mitra, A., Newton, M., Pernu, P., Wilson, A., Commey, T., Foot, H., Glover, L., Gupta, A., Lancaster, N., Levin, J., Mackenzie, F., Mestanza, C., Nofal, E., Pout, L., Varden, R., Wild, J., Jones, S., Moreton, S., Pulletz, M., Davies, C., Martin, M., Thomas, S., Burns, K., McArthur, C., Patel, P., Lau, G., Rich, N., Davis, F., Lyons, R., Port, B., Prout, R., Smith, C., Adelaja, Y., Bennett, V., Bidd, H., Dumitrescu, A., Murphy, J.F., Keen, A., Mguni, N., Ong, C., Adams, G., Boshier, P., Brown, R., Butryn, I., Chatterjee, J., Freethy, A., Lockwood, G., Tsakok, M., Tsiligiannis, S., Peat, W., Stephenson, L., Bradburn, M., Pick, S., Cunha, P., Olagbaiye, O., Tayeh, S., Abernethy, C., Balasubramaniam, M., Bennett, R., Bolton, D., Martinson, V., Bell, S., Heather, B., Kushakovsky, V., Alcock, L., Alexander, H., Anderson, C., Baker, P., Brookes, M., Cawthorn, L., Cirstea, E., Colling, K., Coulter, I., Das, S., Haigh, K., Hamdan, A., Hugill, K., Kottam, L., Lisseter, E., Mawdsley, M., McGivern, J., Padala, K., Phelps, V., Kumar, V.R., Stewart, K., Towse, K., Tregonning, J., Vahedi, A., Walker, A., Baines, D., Bilolikar, A., Chande, S., Copley, E., Dunk, N., Kulkarni, R., Kumar, P., Metodiev, Y., Ncomanzi, D., Raithatha, B., Raymode, P., Szafranski, J., Twohey, L., Watt, P., Weatherall, L., Whitman, Z., Wighton, E., Abayasinghe, C., Chan, A., Darwish, S., Gill, J., Glasgow, E., Hadfield, D., Harris, C., Kochhar, A., Mellis, C., Pool, A., Riozzi, P., Selman, A., Smith, E.J., Vele, L., Gercek, Y., Guy, K., Holden, D., Watson, N., Whysall, K., Andreou, P., Hales, D., Thompson, J., Bowrey, S., McDonald, S., Gilmore, J., Hills, V., Kelly, C., Kelly, S., Lloyd, G., Abbott, T., Gall, L., Torrance, H., Vivian, M., Berntsen, E., Nolan, T., Turner, A., Vohra, A., Brown, A., Clark, R., Coughlan, E., Daniel, C., Patvardhan, C., Pearson, R., Predeep, S., Saad, H., Shanmugam, M., Varley, S., Wylie, K., Cooper, L., Makowski, A., Misztal, B., Moldovan, E., Pegg, C., Donovan, A., Foot, J., Large, S., Claxton, A., Netke, B., Armstrong, R., Calderwood, C., Kwok, A., Mohr, O., Oyeniyi, P., Patnaik, L., Post, B., Ali, S., Arshad, H., Baker, G., Brenner, L., Brincat, M., Brunswicker, A., Cox, H., Cozar, O.I., Durst, A., Fengas, L., Flatt, J., Glister, G., Narwani, V., Photi, E., Rankin, A., Rosbergen, M., Beaton, C., Horn, R., Hunt, J., Rousseau, G., Stancombe, L., Absar, M., Allsop, J., Drinkwater, Z., Hodgkiss, T., Smith, K., Alexander-Sefre, F., Campey, L., Dudgeon, L., Hall, K., Hitchcock, R., James, L., Winstone, U., Ahmad, N., Bauchmuller, K., Harrison, J., Jeffery, H., Miller, D., Pinder, A., Pothuneedi, S., Rosser, J., Sanghera, S., Swift, D., Walker, R., Bester, D., Cavanagh, S., Cripps, H., Daniel, H., Lynch, J., Pyke, S., Scholefield, J., Whitworth, H., Bottrill, F., Ramalingam, G., Webb, S., Akerman, N., Antill, P., Bourner, L., Buckley, S., Castle, G., Charles, R., Eggleston, C., Foster, R., Gill, S., Lindley, K., Lklouk, M., Lowery, T., Martin, O., Milne, D., O'Connor, P., Ratcliffe, A., Rose, A., Smith, A., Varma, S., Ward, J., Barcraft-Barnes, H., Camsooksai, J., Colvin, C., Reschreiter, H., Tbaily, L., Venner, N., Hamilton, C., Kelly, L., Toth-Tarsoly, P., Dodsworth, K., Foord, D., Gordon, P., Hawes, E., Lamb, N., Mouland, J., Nightingale, J., Rose, S., Schrieber, J., Al 'Amri, K., Aladin, H., Arshad, M.A., Barraclough, J., Bentley, C., Bergin, C., Carrera, R., Clarkson, A., Collins, M., Denham, S., Griffiths, E., Ip, P., Jeyanthan, S., Joory, K., Kaur, S., Marriott, P., Mitchell, N., Nagaiah, S., Nilsson, A., Parekh, N., Pope, M., Seager, J., Serag, H., Tameem, A., Thomas, A., Thunder, J., Torrance, A., Vohra, R., Whitehouse, A., Wong, T., Blunt, M., Wong, K., Giles, J., Reed, I., Weller, D., Bell, G., Birch, J., Damant, R., Maiden, J., Mewies, C., Prince, C., Radford, J., Balain, B., Banerjee, R., Barnett, A., Burston, B., Edwards, J., Evans, C., Ford, D., Gallacher, P., Hill, S., Jaffray, D., Karlakki, S., Kennedy, J., Kiely, N., Lewthwaite, S., Marquis, C., Ockendon, M., Phillips, S., Pickard, S., Richardson, J., Roach, R., Smith, T., Spencer-Jones, R., Steele, N., Steen, J., Van Liefland, M., White, S., Faulds, M., Harris, M., Nicol, S., Pearson, S.A., Chukkambotla, S., Andrew, A., Attrill, E., Campbell, G., Datson, A., Fouracres, A., Graterol, J., Graves, L., Hong, B., Ishimaru, A., Karthikeyan, A., King, H., Lawson, T., Lee, G., Lyons, S., Macalister Hall, A., Mathoulin, S., Mcintyre, E., Mclaughlin, D., Mulcahy, K., Robbins, J., Sung, W., Tayo, A., Trembath, L., Venugopal, S., Wigmore, G., Boereboom, C., Downes, C., Humphries, R., Melbourne, S., Tou, S., Ullah, S., Batchelor, N., Boxall, L., Broomby, R., Deen, T., Hellewell, A., Helliwell, L., Hutchings, M., Hutchins, D., Keenan, S., Mackie, D., Donna, A., Smith, F., Stone, L., Thorpe, K., Wassall, R., Woodgate, A., Baillie, S., Campbell, T., James, S., King, C., Marques de Araujo, D., Martin, D., Morkane, C., Neely, J., Rajendram, R., Burton, M., James, K., Keevil, E., Minik, O., Morgan, J., Musgrave, A., Rajanna, H., Roberts, T., Adamson, M., Jumbe, S., Kendall, J., Muthuswamy, M.B., Cruikshanks, A., Wrench, I., Zeidan, L., Ardern, D., Harris, B., Hellstrom, J., Martin, J., Thomas, R., Varsani, N., Wrey Brown, C., Docherty, P., Gillies, M., McGregor, E., Usher, H., Craig, J., Ahmad, T., Bodger, P., Creary, T., Fowler, A., Ijuo, E., Jones, T., Kantsedikas, I., Lahiri, S., McLean, A.L., Niebrzegowska, E., Phull, M., Wickboldt, N., Baldwin, J., Doyle, D., Mcmullan, S., Oladapo, M., Owen, T., Williams, A., Gregory, P., Husain, T., Kirk-Bayley, J., Mathers, E., Montague, L., Avis, J., Cook, T., Dali-Kemmery, L., Kerslake, I., Lambourne, V., Pearson, A., Boyd, C., Callaghan, M., Lawson, C., McCrossan, R., Nesbitt, V., O'connor, L., Sinclair, R., Farid, N., Morgese, C., Bhatia, K., Karmarkar, S., Ahmed, J., Branagan, G., Hutton, M., Swain, A., Brookes, J., Cornell, J., Dolan, R., Hulme, J., Jansen van Vuuren, A., Jowitt, T., Kalashetty, G., Lloyd, F., Patel, K., Sherwood, N., Brown, L., Chandler, B., Deighton, K., Emma, T., Haunch, K., Cheeseman, M., Dent, K., Gray, C., Hood, M., Jones, D., Juj, J., Rao, R., Walker, T., Al Anizi, M., Cheah, C., Cheing, Y., Coutinho, F., Gondo, P., Hadebe, B., Onie Hove, M., Khader, A., Krishnachetty, B., Rhodes, K., Sokhi, J., Baker, K.A., Bertram, W., Looseley, A., Mouton, R., Arnold, G., Arya, S., Balfoussia, D., Baxter, L., Harris, J., Jones, C., Knaggs, A., Markar, S., Perera, A., Scott, A., Shida, A., Sirha, R., Wright, S., Frost, V., MacGregor, M., Andrews, E., Arrandale, L., Barrett, S., Cifra, E., Cooper, M., Dragnea, D., Elna, C., Maclean, J., Meier, S., Milliken, D., Munns, C., Ratanshi, N., Salvana, A., Watson, A., Ali, H., Critchley, R., Hicks, C., Liddle, A., Pass, M., Ritchie, C., Thomas, C., Too, L., Welsh, S., Gill, T., Johnson, J., Reed, J., Davis, E., Papadopoullos, S., Attwood, C., Biffen, A., Boulton, K., Gray, S., Hay, D., Mills, S., Montgomery, J., Riddell, R., Simpson, J., Bhardwaj, N., Paul, E., Uwubamwen, N., Alexander, M., Arrich, J., Arumugam, S., Blackwood, D., Boggiano, V., Lam Chan, Y., Chatterjee, D., Chhabra, A., Christian, R., Costelloe, H., Coxwell Matthewman, M., Dalton, E., Darko, J., Davari, M., Dave, T., Deacon, M., Deepak, S., Edmond, H., Ellis, J., El-Sayed, A., Eneje, P., English, R., Ewe, R., Foers, W., Franklin, J., Gallego, L., Garrett, E., Goldberg, O., Goss, H., Greaves, R., Harris, R., Hennings, C., Jones, E., Kamali, N., Kokkinos, N., Lewis, C., Lignos, L., Malgapo, E.V., Malik, R., Milne, A., Mulligan, J.P., Nicklin, P., Palipane, N., Parsons, T., Piper, R., Prakash, R., Ramesh, B., Rasip, S., Reading, J., Rela, M., Reyes, A., Robert, S., Rooms, M., Shah, K., Simons, H., Solanki, S., Spowart, E., Stevens, A., Waggett, H., Yassaee, A., Kennedy, A., Scott, S., Somanath, S., Berg, A., Hernandez, M., Nanda, R., Tank, G., Wilson, N., Wilson, D., Al-Soudaine, Y., Baldwin, M., Cornish, J., Davies, Z., Davies, L., Edwards, M., Frewer, N., Gallard, S., Glasbey, J., Harries, R., Hopkins, L., Kim, T., Koompirochana, V., Lawson, S., Lewis, M., Makzal, Z., Scourfield, S., Ahmad, Y., Bates, S., Blackwell, C., Bryant, H., Coulter, S., Cruickshank, R., Daniel, S., Daubeny, T., Golder, K., Hawkins, L., Helen, B., Hinxman, H., Levett, D., Skinner, B., Walsgrove, J., Dickson, J., Constantin, K., Karen, M., O'Brien, P., O'Donohoe, L., Payne, H., Sundayi, S., Walker, E., Brooke, J., Cardy, J., Humphreys, S., Kessack, L., Kubitzek, C., Kumar, S., Cotterill, D., Hodzovic, E., Hosdurga, G., Miles, E., Saunders, G., Campbell, M., Chan, P., Jemmett, K., Raj, A., Naik, A., Ramamoorthy, R., Shah, N., Sylvan, A., Blyth, K., Burtenshaw, A., Freeman, D., Johnson, E., Lo, P., Martin, T., Plunkett, E., Wollaston, J., Allison, J., Carroll, C., Craw, N., Craw, S., Pitt-Kerby, T., Rowland-Axe, R., Spurdle, K., McDonald, A., Simon, D., Sinha, V., Banner-Goodspeed, V., Boone, M., Campbell, K., Lu, F., Scannell, J., Sobol, J., Balajonda, N., Clemmons, K., Conde, C., Funk, B., Hopkins, T., Olaleye, O., Omer, O., Pender, M., Porto, A., Waweru, P., Yeh, E., Bodansky, D., Evans, A., Kleopoulos, S., Maril, R., Mathney, E., Sanchez, A., Tinuoye, E., Bateman, B., Eng, K., Jiang, N., Ladha, K., Needleman, J., Chen, L.L., Lane, R., Robinowitz, D., Ghushe, N., Irshad, M., Patel, S., Takemoto, S., Wallace, A., Mazzeffi, M., Rock, P., Wallace, K., Zhu, X., Chua, P., Mattera, M., Sharar, R., Thilen, S., Treggiari, M., Morgan, A., Sofjan, I., Subramaniam, K., Avidan, M., Maybrier, H., Muench, M., and Wildes, T.
Subjects: Male, HSJ UCI, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, law.invention, Perioperative Care/methods, 0302 clinical medicine, Surgical procedures, 030202 anesthesiology, law, Critical care/utilisation, Postoperative care/methods, Postoperative care/statistics and numerical data, Surgical procedures, operative/mortality, statistics and numerical data, Prospective Studies, Postoperative Period, Postoperative care/methods, education.field_of_study, Postoperative care/method, Elective Surgical Procedures/mortality, fluid output, Middle Aged, fluid administration, Intensive care unit, Hospitalization, Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data, operative/mortality, Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical data, outcome, Female, Elective Surgical Procedure, Human, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Logistic Model, Postoperative care/statistics and numerical data, Critical care/utilisation, Population, Intensive Care Unit, Elective Surgical Procedures/statistics & numerical data, Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data, Humans, Logistic Models, Surgical procedures, operative/mortality, Postoperative care, methods, Perioperative Care, NO, 03 medical and health sciences, Anesthesiology, Intensive care, medicine, Elective surgery, Intensive care medicine, education, business.industry, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, Perioperative, Length of Stay, Clinical trial, Prospective Studie, septic shock, business
Abstract: PURPOSE: As global initiatives increase patient access to surgical treatments, there is a need to define optimal levels of perioperative care. Our aim was to describe the relationship between the provision and use of critical care resources and postoperative mortality. METHODS: Planned analysis of data collected during an international 7-day cohort study of adults undergoing elective in-patient surgery. We used risk-adjusted mixed-effects logistic regression models to evaluate the association between admission to critical care immediately after surgery and in-hospital mortality. We evaluated hospital-level associations between mortality and critical care admission immediately after surgery, critical care admission to treat life-threatening complications, and hospital provision of critical care beds. We evaluated the effect of national income using interaction tests. RESULTS: 44,814 patients from 474 hospitals in 27 countries were available for analysis. Death was more frequent amongst patients admitted directly to critical care after surgery (critical care: 103/4317 patients [2%], standard ward: 99/39,566 patients [0.3%]; adjusted OR 3.01 [2.10-5.21]; p < 0.001). This association may differ with national income (high income countries OR 2.50 vs. low and middle income countries OR 4.68; p = 0.07). At hospital level, there was no association between mortality and critical care admission directly after surgery (p = 0.26), critical care admission to treat complications (p = 0.33), or provision of critical care beds (p = 0.70). Findings of the hospital-level analyses were not affected by national income status. A sensitivity analysis including only high-risk patients yielded similar findings. CONCLUSIONS: We did not identify any survival benefit from critical care admission following surgery. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Published: 2017
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34. Prevalence of dengue vectors, larval breeding habitats, Stegomyia indices and their correlation with dengue cases in urban and rural areas of Punjab, India

Author: S. K. Sharma, Jaspreet Kaur, Seema Devi, Jaspreet Takkar, Lovleen, Gagandeep Singh Grover, and Taruna Kaura
Subjects: Veterinary medicine, Aedes albopictus, India, aedes albopictus, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216, Aedes aegypti, Mosquito Vectors, Dengue fever, Dengue, aedes aegypti, Aedes, stegomyia indices, medicine, Prevalence, Animals, Humans, Ecosystem, breeding habitats, biology, fungi, General Medicine, Seasonality, Dengue Virus, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, punjab, Infectious Diseases, Geography, Habitat, dengue cases, Vector (epidemiology), Larva, Parasitology, Female, Seasons, Rural area, Entomology
Abstract: Background & objectives: The state of Punjab, India is highly endemic for dengue fever as high number of confirmed dengue cases have been reported since 2013. A better understanding of vectors distribution and their seasonal variation is necessary to control the disease. Therefore, the present study was conducted in both rural and urban areas of 11 out of 22 districts of Punjab to highlight seasonal prevalence of Aedes vector mosquitoes. Methods: Entomological surveys were carried out in different seasons and all kinds of indoor and outdoor breeding habitats were examined and Aedes immatures were collected. The Stegomyia indices were calculated and compared from urban and rural areas in different seasons. Results: Both vectors of dengue, i.e. Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus were recorded to be prevalent. Ae. aegypti mosquitoes were observed in all districts surveyed while Ae. albopictus were found only in seven districts of Punjab. The Stegomyia indices were significantly high during monsoon as compared to pre- and post- monsoon periods. Occurrence of dengue cases were found to be correlated with the Stegomyia indices. Interpretation & conclusion: This is the first detailed study of prevalence of dengue mosquito vectors in Punjab showing the presence of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus in both urban and rural areas of the state, thereby demonstrating wide distribution of this vector. Different breeding habitats identified in the study should be subjected to targeted intervention such as source reduction in order to achieve effective control of dengue cases.
Published: 2021

35. A propensity matched analysis of invasive versus conservative management of elderly patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (SENIOR- NSTEMI study)

Author: Kerrie Woods, Graham M. Lord, Ajay Shah, Rajesh K. Kharbanda, Harry Hemingway, James O.J. Davies, Jamil Mayet, Keith M. Channon, Darrel P. Francis, Riyaz Patel, Anoop D Shah, Glampson Benjamin, Bryan Williams, Amit Kaura, Abdulrahim Mulla, Paul Elliott, Folkert W. Asselbergs, Divaka Perera, Vasileios F. Panoulas, Michael O'Sullivan, Joe Omigie, Jonathan Weber, Mark Thursz, and Narbeh Melikian
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Conservative management, St elevation myocardial infarction, business.industry, Internal medicine, Propensity score matching, medicine, Cardiology, Myocardial infarction, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, medicine.disease, business
Abstract: Results of trial and registry studies have shown lower long-term mortality after invasive management than after conservative management among patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Elderly patients were majorly underrepresented in these previous studies. Using data from the
Published: 2021
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36. Clinical importance of troponin level in 3,121 patients presenting with atrial fibrillation (AF-TROP study)

Author: Rajesh K. Kharbanda, James O.J. Davies, Jamil Mayet, Harry Hemingway, Mark Thursz, Divaka Perera, Bryan Williams, Graham M. Lord, Riyaz Patel, Paul Elliott, B Glampson, Keith M. Channon, Joe Omigie, Ahran D. Arnold, Amit Kaura, Jonathan Weber, David C. Lefroy, Kerrie Woods, Ajay Shah, Vasileios F. Panoulas, Folkert W. Asselbergs, Darrel P. Francis, Anoop D Shah, Abdulrahim Mulla, and Narbeh Melikian
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, biology, business.industry, Atrial fibrillation, macromolecular substances, musculoskeletal system, medicine.disease, Troponin, Internal medicine, Angiography, biology.protein, Cardiology, Medicine, In patient, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: The clinical importance of troponin level in patients presenting with atrial fibrillation (AF) is uncertain. We investigated the relationship between troponin level, angiography and mortality in patients undergoing troponin testing with a primary diagnosis of AF. We used the National Institute for
Published: 2021
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37. IMPACT OF COVID 19 ON ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

Author: Anmol Kaur, Ashima Taneja, Hitesh Verma, Surbhi Handa, Gagandeep Kaur, Robin Singh, Sameer Kaura, Kamakshi Garg, Harmeet Kaur, and Sakshi Gupta
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, Environmental resource management, Medicine, Observational study, 010501 environmental sciences, business, 01 natural sciences, Natural resource, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic, also known as the coronavirus pandemic, is an ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS CoV 2). COVID-19 needs to be seen beyond just the number of cases or deaths, especially in the context of its impact on air pollution, decline in road traffic accidents, improvement in air and water quality, decline in respiratory infection, nosocomial infections and pediatric chest infections, though some negative effect can be seen on the physical activity and hospital related transmission of COVID-19 to healthcare workers. An invisible virus has shown that it is possible that tangible policies can make world a better place to live in.
Published: 2020
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38. Recurrent Syndrome of the Trephined in the Setting of Multiple Craniectomy and Cranioplasty

Author: Matthew P Fahrenkopf, Arminder S Kaura, John P Kelpin, and Johanna R Krebiehl
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, 030206 dentistry, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Cranioplasty, Surgery, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Hematoma, Otorhinolaryngology, Midline shift, Cranial vault, medicine, Decompressive craniectomy, Implant, 030223 otorhinolaryngology, business, Complication, Craniotomy
Abstract: Decompressive craniectomy is an increasingly implemented intervention for relief of intracranial hypertension refractory to medical therapy. Despite its therapeutic benefit, a myriad of short and long-term complications may arise when the once fixed-volume cranial vault remains decompressed. The authors present a case of recurrent Syndrome of the Trephined in a patient undergoing repeated craniectomy and cranioplasty.A 70-year old male with history significant for smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease presented with frontoparietal subdural hematoma with midline shift following a ground level fall necessitating craniotomy and hematoma evacuation. Three months postoperatively, the patient developed an infection of his craniotomy bone flap necessitating craniectomy without cranioplasty. Six weeks post-craniectomy the patient began demonstrating right sided sensorimotor deficits with word finding difficulties. Alloplastic cranioplasty was performed following resolution of infection, with resolution of neurologic symptoms 6 weeks post cranioplasty. Due to recurrent cranioplasty infections, multiple alloplastic cranioplasties were performed, each with reliable re-demonstration of neurologic symptoms with craniectomy, and subsequent resolution following each cranioplasty. Final cranioplasty was successfully performed using a new alloplastic implant in combination with latissimus muscle flap, with subsequent return of neurologic function.Decompressive craniectomy is a life-saving procedure, but carries many short- and long-term complications, including the Syndrome of the Trephined. Our case is the first published report, to our knowledge, to demonstrate recurrent Syndrome of the Trephined as a complication of craniectomy, with reliable resolution of the syndrome with restoration of the cranial vault.
Published: 2020
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39. Utility of neck dissection for management of carcinoma of the parotid gland

Author: A. Kaura, Robert Kennedy, Edward Odell, Sahirzeeshan Ali, Richard Oakley, J.P. Jeannon, and Ricard Simo
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Adenoid cystic carcinoma, medicine.medical_treatment, Adenoma, Pleomorphic, carcinoma, node, Acinic cell carcinoma, Salivary duct carcinoma, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Mucoepidermoid carcinoma, lymph, medicine, Carcinoma, Humans, Parotid Gland, 030223 otorhinolaryngology, Parotid, Retrospective Studies, business.industry, Neck dissection, Salivary Gland Neoplasms, medicine.disease, Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic, neck, Parotid gland, stomatognathic diseases, medicine.anatomical_structure, dissection, Otorhinolaryngology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Neck Dissection, Adenocarcinoma, Surgery, prognosis, Radiology, Oral Surgery, business
Abstract: Objectives: To validate the use of neck dissection as part of the management of parotid carcinoma. Design, setting, participants: Retrospective pathological and clinical data were retrieved from the Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospital Head and Neck pathology archive for all primary parotid carcinoma resected at the centre between 1992 and 2014. Main outcome measure: The main outcome measure was the incidence of metastatic disease. Results: 54 of the 82 cases identified underwent a neck dissection. Nodal metastases were detected in 10 cases of carcinomas ex-pleomorphic adenoma (high grade, invasive), 2 salivary duct carcinomas, 1 adenocarinoma not otherwise specified (NOS) (high grade), 1 adenoid cystic carcinoma and 1 acinic cell carcinoma (high grade). No metastases were found in cases of acinic cell carcinoma (low grade), mucoepidermoid carcinoma (low grade), epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma and non-invasive carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma. Conclusions: The findings of this study support the use of routine neck dissection in treating carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma (high grade, invasive), salivary duct carcinoma, adenocarcinoma NOS (high grade), adenoid cystic carcinoma and acinic cell carcinoma (high grade).
Published: 2019
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40. A real life experience with novel biosimilar InfimabTM in biologic naive patients with active rheumatoid arthritis

Author: Amit Ray, Amit Kumar, India Nicobar Islands, and NiteshKaura Kaura
Subjects: Oncology, Therapy naive, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Rheumatoid arthritis, Internal medicine, medicine, Biosimilar, medicine.disease, business
Published: 2019
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41. Early prolonged ambulatory cardiac monitoring in stroke (EPACS): an open-label randomised controlled trial

Author: László Sztriha, John Aeron-Thomas, James T. Teo, Fong Kum Chan, Amit Kaura, Bartlomiej Piechowski-Jozwiak, and Nicholas Gall
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Holter monitor, Endpoint Determination, medicine.medical_treatment, lcsh:Medicine, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Cardiac monitoring, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, Electrocardiography, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Internal medicine, Ischaemic stroke, medicine, Humans, cardiovascular diseases, Stroke, Aged, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Research, lcsh:R, Heart, Atrial fibrillation, General Medicine, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, Electrocardiography, Ambulatory, Cardiology, Medical devices, Female, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Background Cardioembolism in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) is a preventable cause of transient ischaemic attack (TIA) or ischaemic stroke; however, due to its transient nature, a short-duration Holter monitor may miss a significant proportion of events. Methods We conducted an open-label randomised controlled trial of cardiac monitoring after a TIA or ischaemic stroke comparing a 14-day ECG monitoring patch (Zio® Patch, iRhythm Technologies) with short-duration Holter monitoring for the detection of PAF. The primary outcome was the detection of one or more episodes of ECG-documented PAF lasting at least 30 s within 90 days in each of the study arms. A budget impact analysis from the healthcare perspective was performed. Results From February 2016 through February 2017, 43 (76.8%) of the 56 patients assigned to the patch-based monitoring group and 47 (78.3%) of the 60 patients assigned to short-duration Holter monitoring group had successful monitor placement with 90 days of follow-up. Of the 26 protocol failures between the two groups, 23 (88.5%) were due to patient refusal for outpatient short-duration ECG monitor placement, whilst only 1 (3.8%) was due unsuccessful ZioPatch placement. The rate of detection of PAF at 90 days was 16.3% in the patch-based monitoring group (seven patients) compared to 2.1% in the short-duration Holter monitoring group (1 patient), with an odds ratio of 8.9 (95% CI 1.1–76.0; P = 0.026). An economic model demonstrated that implementation of the Zio Patch service would result in 10.8 more strokes avoided per year compared to current practice with Holter monitoring with an associated yearly saving in direct medical costs of £113,630, increasing to £162,491 over 5 years. Conclusions Early, prolonged, patch-based monitoring after an index stroke or TIA is superior to short-duration Holter monitoring in the detection of PAF and likely cost-effective for preventing recurrent strokes. Trial registrationhttp://www.isrctn.com. Unique identifier: ISRCTN 50253271. Registered 21 January 2016
Published: 2019
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42. MENTAL FORAMEN AND INFERIOR ALVEOLAR CANAL- A BEACON FOR SEX DETERMINATION BY DIGITAL RADIOGRAPH IN NORTH INDIAN POPULATION OF PUNJAB REGION

Author: Sumit Kaur, Ritu Sing, Jasleen Kaur, Sameer Kaura, Daizy Singh, and Sandeep Singh
Subjects: Mental foramen, North indian population, medicine.anatomical_structure, business.industry, Radiography, medicine, Anatomy, business, Inferior alveolar canal
Published: 2019
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43. Calculated plasma volume status and outcomes in patients undergoing coronary bypass graft surgery

Author: Annette Maznyczka, Amit Kaura, Fadi Jouhra, Olaf Wendler, Max Baghai, George Amin-Youssef, Bassey Ussen, Shyam Kolvekar, Mohamad F. Barakat, Huda Abu-Own, Niki Nicou, Ranjit Deshpande, Hannah Jaumdally, and Darlington O. Okonko
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, New York Heart Association Class, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Plasma volume, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Intensive care, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Coronary Artery Bypass, Plasma Volume, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, Retrospective cohort study, EuroSCORE, Middle Aged, Prognosis, medicine.disease, Surgery, Treatment Outcome, medicine.anatomical_structure, Heart failure, Preoperative Period, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Artery
Abstract: ObjectivesCongestion is associated with worse outcomes in critically ill surgical patients but can be difficult to quantify noninvasively. We hypothesised that plasma volume status (PVS), estimated preoperatively using a validated formula that enumerates percentage change from ideal plasma volume (PV), would provide incremental prognostic utility after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, patients who underwent CABG surgery (1999–2010) were identified from a prospectively collected database. Actual ([1-haematocrit] x [a+(b x weight [kg])]) and ideal (c x weight [kg]) PV were obtained from equations where a, b and c are sex-dependent constants. Calculated PVS was then derived (100% x [(actual−ideal)/ideal]).ResultsIn 1887 patients (mean age 67±10 years; 79% male; median European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation [EuroSCORE] 4), mean PVS was −8.2±9%. While 8% of subjects had clinical evidence of congestion, a relatively increased PV (PVS >0%) was estimated in 17% and correlated with lower serum sodium, higher EuroSCORE and a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. A PVS≥5.6% was optimally prognostic and associated with greater mortality (HR: 2.31, p=0.009), independently of, and incremental to, EuroSCORE, New York Heart Association class and serum sodium. A PVS≥5.6% also independently predicted longer intensive care (β: 0.65, p=0.007) and hospital (β: 2.01, p=0.006) stays, and greater postoperative renal (OR: 1.61, p=0.008) and arrhythmic (OR: 1.29, p=0.03) complications.ConclusionsHigher PVS values, calculated simply from weight and haematocrit, are associated with worse inpatient outcomes after CABG. PVS could help refine risk stratification and further investigations are warranted to evaluate the potential clinical utility of PVS-guided management in patients undergoing CABG.
Published: 2019
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44. The role of unilateral nasal inspiratory peak flow in nasal obstruction—A study of 70 patients undergoing septorhinoplasty surgery

Author: J S Virk, Peter Andrews, Anika Kaura, Catherine Rennie, Jonathan Joseph, and Prem Singh Randhawa
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Rhinoplasty, Rhinomanometry, Respiratory Function Tests, Surgery, medicine.anatomical_structure, Inhalation, Otorhinolaryngology, medicine, Nasal septum, Humans, Female, Patient Reported Outcome Measures, Nasal Obstruction, business, Nasal Septum
Published: 2019
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45. Role of pancreatoscopy in management of pancreatic disease: A systematic review

Author: Field F. Willingham, Saurabh Chawla, and Tarun Kaura
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Pancreatic disease, Systematic Reviews, genetic structures, Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, business.industry, MEDLINE, Pancreatic cancer, medicine.disease, Malignancy, Cholangiopancreatoscopy, Tissue acquisition, Pancreatic duct stones, Pancreatic duct stricture, medicine, In patient, Radiology, Pancreatoscopy, business, Adverse effect, Chronic pancreatitis
Abstract: Background Per-oral pancreatoscopy (POP) plays a role in the diagnosis and therapy of pancreatic diseases. With recent technological advances, there has been renewed interest in this modality. Aim To evaluate the efficacy and safety of POP in management of pancreatic stone disease and pancreatic ductal neoplasia. Methods To determine the safety and efficacy of POP in the management of pancreatic diseases, a systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE and Ovid. Articles in languages other than English and case reports were excluded. All published case series were eligible. Data specific to POP were extracted from studies, which combined cholangiopancreatoscopy. Ten studies were included in the analysis of POP therapy for pancreatic stone disease, and 15 case series satisfied the criteria for inclusion for the role of POP in the management of pancreatic ductal neoplasia. The examined data were subcategorized according to adjunctive modalities, such as direct tissue sampling, cytology, the role of intraoperative POP, intraductal ultrasound (IDUS) and POP combined with image-enhancing technology. Results The success rate for complete ductal stone clearance ranged from 37.5%-100%. Factors associated with failure included the presence of strictures, multiple stones and the inability to visualize the target area. Although direct visualization can identify malignant and premalignant conditions, there is significant overlap with benign diseases. Visually-directed biopsies provide a high degree of accuracy, and represent a unique approach for tissue acquisition in patients with ductal abnormalities. Addition of pancreatic fluid cytology increases diagnostic yield for indeterminate lesions. Protrusions larger than 3 mm noted on IDUS are significantly more likely to be associated with malignancy. The rate of adverse events associated with POP ranged from 0%-35%. Conclusion Current evidence supports wider adoption of pancreatoscopy, as it is safe and effective. Improved patient selection and utilization of novel technologies may further enhance its role in managing pancreatic disease.
Published: 2019
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46. The diverse effects of climate change on health and related associations

Author: Yuchuan Ding, Cedric Mutebi, and Shawn Kaura
Subjects: and biological health implications, business.industry, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, aging, Globe, Climate change, social, lcsh:RA1-1270, Disease, Football, populations, Health equity, medicine.anatomical_structure, Geography, Agriculture, Effects of global warming, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, Development economics, medicine, ecological, Food systems, business
Abstract: As the validity of climate change is tossed around like a political football, its effects on the health of the current and future populations continue to worsen. The effects are being seen across the globe, and they have social, ecological, and biological health implications. Populations are aging at rapid rates, creating larger demographics of people with social and physical dependency. This, combined with the current social and health inequity, will result in an increased burden of temperature-related morbidity and mortality on the elderly and racial minorities through the biological effects of extreme temperature. Cardiovascular disease is the number one killer in the world and will especially see sharp increases, as temperature rise exacerbates its effects. The extreme temperature from climate change is also negatively affecting agriculture and the symbiosis between humans and the environment, impacting not only our food systems, but our safety nets too. All these three components (social, ecological, and biological) interact and influence one another. This literature review analyzes the current research into these areas and describes their interplay, while suggesting novel approaches to address the impact climate change is having and will have on the health of the world.
Published: 2019

47. Tens (Titanium elastic nail system): A good option for managing both bone forearm fracture

Author: Amit Ray, Amit Kumar, and Nitesh Kumar Kaura
Subjects: Orthodontics, medicine.anatomical_structure, Materials science, chemistry, Nail (anatomy), medicine, chemistry.chemical_element, Forearm fracture, System a, Titanium
Published: 2019
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48. BS12 IgM and IgG anti-oxidised low-density lipoprotein antibodies predict protective atherosclerotic characterstics on cardiac ct: a substudy of the scottish computed tomography of the heart (SCOT-HEART) trial

Author: Mikhail Caga-Anan, Amit Kaura, Michelle A. Williams, Damini Dey, Dorian O. Haskard, David E. Newby, Marc R. Dweck, Adam Hartley, and Ramzi Khamis
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Framingham Risk Score, biology, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Computed tomography, medicine.disease, Coronary artery disease, Coronary arteries, medicine.anatomical_structure, Internal medicine, Oxidised low density lipoprotein, medicine, biology.protein, Cardiology, Myocardial infarction, Antibody, business, Lipoprotein
Abstract: Background CT coronary angiography (CTCA)-derived low attenuation plaque has recently been identified as the strongest predictor of future myocardial infarction. Antibodies against oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)/ malondialdehyde-modified LDL (MDA-LDL) are related to freedom from cardiovascular events. Objectives To investigate possible relationships between CTCA-derived atherosclerotic plaque subtypes and anti-oxLDL antibodies. Methods In a post-hoc analysis of the multicentre randomised controlled SCOT-HEART trial (Scottish COmputed Tomography of the HEART), we investigated the association between quantitatively assessed atherosclerotic plaque types on CTCA and IgM/ IgG anti-MDA-LDL or oxLDL. Serological biomarkers were measured using laboratory-developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and assessed versus imaging parameters. Results In 830 patients (52.8% male, 57.6±9.8 years), IgM anti-MDA-LDL was significantly inversely associated with coronary artery calcium score (p=0.0099) and obstructive coronary artery disease (OR 0.63 ([95% CI, 0.42-0.95], p=0.028). IgG anti-MDA-LDL strongly indicated protection from greater number of obstructed coronary arteries (OR 0.20 [95% CI 0.07-0.62], p=0.0048). Increasing tertiles of IgG anti-MDA-LDL related to less low attenuation plaque (p value for trend; unadjusted, p=0.021; adjusted for cardiovascular risk score, p=0.023). When using a predefined threshold of low attenuation plaque burden >4%, the highest tertile of IgG anti-MDA-LDL was significantly associated with low attenuation plaque at a threshold that confers a reduced likelihood of fatal or non-fatal myocardial infarction, withstanding adjustment for cardiovascular risk score (OR 0.58 [95% CI 0.34-0.96], p=0.037), p=0.027 for trend. Conclusions Both IgM and IgG anti-MDA-LDL antibodies are associated with protection from various atherosclerotic plaque characteristics. For the first time we provide evidence linking IgG anti-MDA-LDL antibodies with protection from low attenuation plaque, which is the strongest predictor of future fatal and non-fatal myocardial infarction. Conflict of Interest None
Published: 2021
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49. North West London Covid-19 Vaccination Programme: Real-world evidence for Vaccine uptake and effectiveness

Author: Goodman I, Paul Aylin, Abdulrahim Mulla, B Glampson, Erik Mayer, Stephen J. Brett, Kavitha Saravanakumar, Julian Redhead, Amit Kaura, Brittain J, Sandall T, and Luca Mercuri
Subjects: education.field_of_study, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, Population, Ethnic group, Real world evidence, Adult age, Vaccination, North west, Medicine, education, business, Cohort study, Demography
Abstract: ObjectiveTo assess the early vaccine administration coverage and vaccine effectiveness and outcome data across an integrated care system of eight CCGs leveraging a unique population-level care datasetDesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingIndividuals eligible for COVID 19 vaccination in North West London based on linked primary and secondary care data.Participants2,183,939 individuals eligible for COVID 19 vaccinationResultsDuring the NWL vaccine programme study time period 5.88% of individuals declined and did not receive a vaccination. Black or black British individuals had the highest rate of declining a vaccine at 16.14% (4,337). There was a strong negative association between deprivation and rate of declining vaccination (r=-0.94, pIn the first six days after vaccination 344 of 389587 individuals tested positive for COVID-19 (0.09%). The rate increased to 0.13% (525/389,243) between days 7 and 13, before then gradually falling week on week.At 28 days post vaccination there was a 74% (HR 0.26 (0.19-0.35)) and 78% (HR 0.22 (0.18-0.27)) reduction in risk of testing positive for COVID-19 for individuals that received the Oxford/Astrazeneca and Pfizer/BioNTech vaccines respectively, when compared with unvaccinated individuals.After vaccination very low rates of hospital admission were seen in individuals testing positive for COVID-19 (0.01% of all patients vaccinated).ConclusionsThis study provides further evidence that a single dose of either the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine or the Oxford/Astrazeneca vaccine is effective at reducing the risk of testing positive for COVID-19 up to 60 days across all adult age groups, ethnic groups, and risk categories in an urban UK population. There was no difference in effectiveness up to 28 days between the Oxford/Astrazeneca and Pfizer/BioNtech vaccines.In those declining vaccination higher rates were seen in those living in the most deprived areas and in Black and Black British groups.There was no definitive evidence to suggest COVID-19 was transmitted as a result of vaccination hubs during vaccine the administration roll-out in NWL, and the risk of contracting COVID-19 and/or becoming hospitalised after vaccination has been demonstrated to be very low in the vaccinated population.
Published: 2021
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50. The Nasal Obstruction Balance Index: A Novel Approach to Improving Correlation Between Unilateral Nasal Airway Measurements and Evaluating Nasal Airway Asymmetry

Author: Peter Andrews, Annakan V Navaratnam, Anika Kaura, Terence S. Leung, and Alfonso Luca Pendolino
Subjects: Adult, Rhinometry, Acoustic, Visual Analog Scale, Visual analogue scale, medicine.drug_class, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Acoustic rhinometry, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, Medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, 030223 otorhinolaryngology, Prospective cohort study, Balance (ability), business.industry, Nasal cycle, respiratory system, Deviated nasal septum, Nasal decongestant, Decongestant, Nasal Decongestants, Otorhinolaryngology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Anesthesia, Case-Control Studies, Nasal Obstruction, business, Inspiratory Capacity
Abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Demonstrate that the Nasal Obstruction Balance Index (NOBI) model fulfils the unmet need of improving unilateral correlation between subjective and objective nasal obstruction outcome measures and identifying the more obstructed side. Improve correlation between unilateral objective nasal airway measurements (nasal inspiratory peak flow [NIPF] and acoustic rhinometry [AR]) and subjective Visual Analogue Scale for nasal obstruction (VAS-NO) scores. Improve assessment of nasal airway asymmetry by evaluating unilateral measurements both before and after the application of nasal decongestant; which the patient could better understand. NOBI represents a ratio calculated by taking the difference between left and right nasal airway measurements and divided by the maximum unilateral measurement. It is based on Poiseuille's law and aims to reduce the confounding variables which challenge nasal airway measurement. STUDY DESIGN Prospective cohort study. METHODS Forty-three controls and 34 patients with nasal obstruction underwent both unilateral and bilateral NIPF, AR and VAS-NO measurements; these were repeated after the application of nasal decongestant. The NOBI values for unilateral NIPF, AR, and VAS-NO were calculated both before and after decongestant. RESULTS The correlation between unilateral NIPF and AR measurements was enhanced considerably (r = 0.57, P
Published: 2021

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