328 results on '"Kaposi Sarcoma"'
Search Results
2. Association between KSHV-Specific Humoral and T Cell Responses with Recurrence of HIV-Associated Kaposi Sarcoma
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Marie-Claire Mukasine, Gina Mulundu, Musonda Kawimbe, Keagan Mutale, Chibamba Mumba, Salum J. Lidenge, and Owen Ngalamika
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Kaposi sarcoma ,Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpes virus ,antibodies ,T cell responses ,recurrence ,sustained remission ,Medicine - Abstract
Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is an AIDS-defining angio-proliferative malignancy, with the Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV) as its etiologic agent. Upon treatment with chemotherapy, a proportion of HIV-associated KS patients experience disease recurrence within a few months of completing treatment. We aimed at determining whether KSHV-specific adaptive immune responses were associated with KS recurrence upon complete remission. We conducted a prospective cohort study. The primary outcome was the recurrence of HIV-associated KS. An immunofluorescence assay was used to determine anti-KSHV antibodies, an enzyme-linked immunospot was conducted for T cell responses, PCR was carried out to determine KSHV status, and flow cytometry was used for CD4 counting and immunophenotyping. KSHV detection in PBMCs was high and not associated with KS recurrence-free survival (p = 0.29). Anti-KSHV antibody titers were high and not associated with recurrence-free survival (p = 0.63). KSHV-specific T cell responses dropped from baseline levels among individuals with recurrence, but the drop was not statistically significant. Individuals experiencing KS recurrence had a significantly higher proportion of T cell subsets expressing PD1, while those with sustained remission had a significant increase in CD4 T cell counts from baseline levels during the follow-up period (p = 0.02). Anti-KSHV antibodies are not a good correlate of protection from KS recurrence. T cells in individuals experiencing KS recurrence hadhigh PD1 expression, while an increase in CD4 counts was associated with sustained KS remission.
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- 2024
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3. Taxonomic reclassification of Kaposi Sarcoma identifies disease entities with distinct immunopathogenesis
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M. R. Openshaw, E. Gervasi, C. A. M. Fulgenzi, D. J. Pinato, A. Dalla Pria, and M. Bower
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Kaposi Sarcoma ,Disease classification ,Human herpes virus 8 ,Human immunodeficiency virus ,Acquired immune deficiency syndrome ,Medicine - Abstract
Abstract Background The taxonomy of Kaposi Sarcoma (KS) is based on a classification system focused on the description of clinicopathological features of KS in geographically and clinically diverse populations. The classification includes classic, endemic, epidemic/HIV associated and iatrogenic KS, and KS in men who have sex with men (MSM). We assessed the medical relevance of the current classification of KS and sought clinically useful improvements in KS taxonomy. Methods We reviewed the demographic and clinicopathological features of 676 patients with KS, who were referred to the national centre for HIV oncology at Chelsea Westminster hospital between 2000 and 2021. Results Demographic differences between the different subtypes of KS exist as tautological findings of the current classification system. However, no definitive differences in clinicopathological, virological or immunological parameters at presentation could be demonstrated between the classic, endemic or MSM KS patients. Reclassifying patients as either immunosuppressed or non-immunosuppressed, showed that the immunosuppressed group had a significantly higher proportion of adverse disease features at presentation including visceral disease and extensive oral involvement, classified together as advanced disease (chi2 P = 0.0012*) and disseminated skin involvement (chi2 P
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- 2023
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4. Kaposi sarcoma in a kidney transplant recipient
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Sopiko Liluashvili, Salome Pataraia, George Galdava, and Tinatin Ghibradze
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everolimus ,tacrolimus ,kaposi sarcoma ,transplants ,Medicine ,Dermatology ,RL1-803 - Abstract
We present the case report of a kidney transplant recipient, human immunodeficiency virus negative, man with Kaposi sarcoma. Clinically red-purple coloured papules and macules of different size were visible on the left foot. According to histopathology and immunohistochemistry, the picture was consistent with Kaposi sarcoma. In the treatment of Kaposi sarcoma it is of importance to control the levels of immunosuppressants. The reduction in the dose of tacrolimus adversely affected the functions of kidneys and the patient needed dialysis. Tacrolimus was replaced by everolimus. While the functions of the kidneys were stabilizing, the new areas of Kaposi sarcoma appeared, but the ache and oedema were relieved. In our patient it was impossible to discontinue immunosupression because of the patients comorbidities.
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- 2023
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5. Concomitant cancers in AIDS patients: a case report from Iran
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Payam Tabarsi, Maryam Nasirian, Majid Marjani, and Afshin Moniri
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hiv ,aids ,concomitant malignancies ,kaposi sarcoma ,lymphoma. ,Medicine - Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) are worldwide problems that lead to high rates of morbidity and mortality. Malignancies are important causes of death among patients; lymphoma and Kaposi sarcoma are the most common malignancies in HIV-positive and AIDS patients, but concurrence of these cancers in the same patient has rarely been reported. We present a 33-year-old female patient who had been diagnosed with an AIDS-related high-grade central nervous system lymphoma, based on results of stereotactic biopsy, and had undergone radiotherapy and combined antiretroviral therapy. She was referred to our center with a productive cough, bilateral lung nodules, and skin lesion. Computed tomography-guided biopsies of skin lesion and pulmonary nodules were compatible with Kaposi sarcoma. Patient's pulmonary nodules and skin lesion resolved over the course of therapy, based on imaging findings; her brain lesions did not progress. These findings suggest that dual malignancies related to HIV infection can occur in patients who are receiving antiretroviral therapy and have virologic suppression. To our knowledge, concomitant malignancies in HIV-positive or AIDS patients are rare, and the authors would like to advocate the assessment of dual cancers among these patients to optimize therapeutic course and outcome.
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- 2023
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6. Iatrogenic Kaposi sarcoma of the small bowel in Crohn’s disease following short-term use of immunomodulators: a case report and review of the literature
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Pei-Jui Wu, Chi-Shu Sun, Hsing-Tao Kuo, Ming-Jen Sheu, Cheng-Yi Lin, Su-Hung Wang, Chun-Chi Yang, Chi‐Hsing Chen, Shih-Sung Chuang, and I-Che Feng
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Crohn’s disease ,Chemotherapy ,Gastrointestinal Kaposi sarcoma ,Immunomodulator ,Kaposi sarcoma ,Medicine - Abstract
Abstract Background Kaposi sarcoma is a vascular tumor highly related to human herpesvirus-8 and Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus. Kaposi sarcoma usually manifests as skin or mucosal lesions; involvement in visceral organs such as the gastrointestinal tract is rare. Kaposi sarcoma can occur in immunocompromised patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy, in which case it is known as iatrogenic Kaposi sarcoma or drug-induced Kaposi sarcoma. Intestinal Kaposi sarcoma in patients with inflammatory bowel disease is extremely rare. Case presentation A 46-year-old East Asian male with recently diagnosed Crohn’s disease was administered azathioprine and prednisolone; however, the patient complained of persistent abdominal pain and diarrhea following treatment. Endoscopy revealed small bowel Kaposi sarcoma. The patient was treated with systemic chemotherapy successfully without relapse. Conclusions This is the fifth case of Kaposi sarcoma developed over the small intestine in a patient with Crohn’s disease following administration of immunomodulators. Additionally, this case indicated that even short-term immunomodulator use can induce Kaposi sarcoma in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Thus, in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, if symptoms are aggravated or do not abate after immunomodulators prescription, and before intending to upgrade immunomodulators, endoscopy should be considered. Finally, chemotherapy can also be considered if both medication withdrawal and surgical intervention are not feasible.
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- 2022
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7. Oral–visceral iatrogenic Kaposi sarcoma following treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a case report and review of the literature
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Richard Nyeko, Fadhil Geriga, Racheal Angom, and Joyce Balagadde Kambugu
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Kaposi sarcoma ,Acute lymphoblastic leukemia ,Secondary malignancy ,HHV-8 ,Pediatric case report ,Medicine - Abstract
Abstract Background There have hardly been any reported cases of children presenting with Kaposi sarcoma as a second malignancy following treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia outside a transplant setting. Case presentation We report a case of a 5-year-old boy of Bantu origin, which, to our knowledge, could be only the second reported case of oral–visceral Kaposi sarcoma after acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment. The patient presented with a 1-month history of progressive, non-painful, soft tissue oral mass, 1 month after completing treatment for high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia. He was successfully treated for Kaposi sarcoma on a two-drug regimen (bleomycin and vincristine) with good clinical response. Conclusion Visceral Kaposi sarcoma as a second malignancy may occur after pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment, but its rarity makes it unlikely to raise suspicion among clinicians, thus precluding early diagnosis and treatment. We recommend routine evaluation for Kaposi sarcoma lesions in children undergoing long-term surveillance following treatment for childhood acute leukemia.
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- 2022
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8. CDK4/6 inhibitors sensitize gammaherpesvirus-infected tumor cells to T-cell killing by enhancing expression of immune surface molecules
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Yiquan Wu, Prabha Shrestha, Natalie M. Heape, and Robert Yarchoan
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Gammaherpesvirus ,KSHV ,Kaposi sarcoma ,EBV ,MHC-I ,Viral malignancy ,Medicine - Abstract
Abstract Background The two oncogenic human gammaherpesviruses, Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), both downregulate immune surface molecules, such as MHC-I, ICAM-1, and B7-2, enabling them to evade T-cell and natural killer cell immunity. Both also either encode for human cyclin homologues or promote cellular cyclin activity, and this has been shown to be important for proliferation and survival of gammaherpesvirus-induced tumors. CDK4/6 inhibitors, which are approved for certain breast cancers, have been shown to enhance expression of MHC-I in cell lines and murine models of breast cancer, and this was attributed to activation of interferons by endogenous retrovirus elements. However, it was not known if this would occur in gammaherpesvirus-induced tumors in which interferons are already activated. Methods Multiple KSHV/EBV-infected cell lines were treated with CDK4/6 inhibitors. The growth of viable cells and expression of surface markers was assessed. T cell activation stimulated by the treated cells was assayed by a T-cell activation bioassay. Both viral and host gene expression was surveyed using RT-qPCR. Results Three CDK4/6 inhibitors, abemaciclib, palbociclib, and ribociclib, inhibited cell growth in KSHV-induced primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and EBV positive Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL) cell lines, and KSHV-infected human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Moreover, CDK4/6 inhibitors increased mRNA and surface expression of MHC-I in all three and prevented downregulation of MHC-I surface expression during lytic replication in KSHV-infected cells. CDK4/6 inhibitors also variably increased mRNA and surface expression of ICAM-1 and B7-2 in the tested lines. Abemaciclib also significantly enhanced T-cell activation induced by treated PEL and BL cells. Certain gammaherpesvirus genes as well as endogenous retrovirus (ERV) 3–1 genes were enhanced by CDK4/6 inhibitors in most PEL and BL lines and this enhancement was associated with expression of gamma interferon-induced genes including MHC-I. Conclusions These observations provide evidence that CDK4/6 inhibitors can induce expression of surface immune markers MHC-I, B7-2, and ICAM-1 in gammaherpesvirus-infected cell lines and induce virus-specific immunity. They can thus thwart virus-induced immune evasion. These effects, along with their direct effects on KSHV- or EBV-induced tumors, provide a rational for the clinical testing of these drugs in these tumors.
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- 2022
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9. Disseminated Kaposi sarcoma following COVID-19 in a 61-year-old Albanian immunocompetent man: a case report and review of the literature
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Giulia Gardini, Silvia Odolini, Giovanni Moioli, Dorothea Angela Papalia, Vittorio Ferrari, Alberto Matteelli, and Silvio Caligaris
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HHV-8 ,Kaposi sarcoma ,COVID-19 ,Latent infection ,Reactivation ,Medicine - Abstract
Abstract Background COVID-19 and its related anti-inflammatory treatment (steroids, immunomodulators) may induce the reactivation of latent bacterial, parasitic, and viral infections. According to our knowledge, no case of disseminated HHV-8-related Kaposi sarcoma (KS) after COVID-19 and its treatment has been described so far. Only one case of cutaneous KS concurrently with COVID-19 has been previously reported. Case presentation We describe a case of disseminated KS in a 61-year-old immunocompetent Albanian man after hospitalization for COVID-19. Methods for literature research We used PubMed as biomedical database for the literature research. We selected keyword combinations including “Kaposi sarcoma,” “HHV-8,” “immunocompetent,” “COVID-19,” “SARS-CoV-2,” and “steroids.” No time or language limitation was set. Titles and abstracts of selected articles were systematically screened. Articles were included in the examination if they were published under free access through the digital library of the University of Brescia (Italy), and provided full text. Articles were excluded if the topic was beyond the aim of our study. Finally, we selected 15 articles. Results We describe a case of KS in COVID-19 patient and postulate that Interleukin-6 (IL-6) activity and steroid-induced immunodeficiency may play a major role in KS emergence. No published case of disseminated KS following COVID-19 in otherwise healthy individuals was found through the systematic literature review, despite the high incidence of COVID-19 in areas with medium–high prevalence of HHV-8 infection. This observation might be explained by the role of individual genetic susceptibility factors. Conclusions SARS-CoV-2 infection and its treatment may lead to reactivation of several latent infections, including HHV-8 and its related clinical syndrome, Kaposi sarcoma.
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- 2021
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10. COVID-19 in a patient with HIV and Kaposi sarcoma
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Maria-Andrada Corodeanu, Sorina Vasile, and Anca-Cristiana Oprea
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covid-19 ,hiv ,kaposi sarcoma ,antiretroviral treatment ,Medicine ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
A 53 year old male diagnosed with HIV, SARS-CoV-2 and Kaposi sarcoma developed a purple-brown maculopapular rash on the left calf approximately 6 months before hospitalization and was diagnosed with venous ulcer. The lesions grew in size, spread on the whole body and also appeared on the palate. During this time the patient did not ask for a second opinion and was not monitored by a medical specialist. In December 2020, he developed a severe form of COVID-19 with acute respiratory failure and was admitted to the hospital. He was simultaneously diagnosed with HIV and severe immunosuppression. The skin biopsy confirmed Kaposi sarcoma in the nodular stage. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) was initiated and the patient later received liposomal doxorubicin chemotherapy. The patient slowly recovered whilst showing improvement of his clinical condition and immunological status.
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- 2021
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11. Classic Kaposi sarcoma in a patient of Miao ethnicity followed up for 7 years: a case report
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Jing Zhou, Xiaoping Shen, Xiaodong Wang, Kun Xiao, Yu Cao, and Yanping Jiang
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Human herpesvirus 8 ,Kaposi sarcoma ,Tomography ,Ethnic groups ,Genotype ,Medicine - Abstract
Abstract Background Classic Kaposi sarcoma (CKS) is a vascular sarcoma associated with human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), which is known to be more common in Mediterranean elderly men and is characterized by indolent clinical behavior. Xinjiang province in China is considered an endemic region for Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), with higher incidence among adults of Kazak and Uyghur ethnicities. Cases of CKS are rarely reported in inland China. Here, we followed a case of CKS for 7 years in a patient of Miao ethnic background in southwestern China. Case presentation A 63-year-old Miao (southwestern China) man was initially diagnosed with CKS in 2010, having a history of limb lesions for 37 years, with left eyelid and binaural lesions for 9 years. He did not have sexual contact with men and was human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative. Due to his lumbago and fever, spinal tuberculosis in the lumbar vertebra was highly suspected after computed tomography (CT) scan. However, diagnostic antituberculosis treatment for 4 weeks failed. The patient was followed up in 2016, when the rash was recovering as the systemic symptoms improved. A new CT was performed, which showed a partial response despite the absence of any medical treatment. The open reading frame (ORF)-K1 of KSHV from skin tissue of the foot was amplified and sequenced, and K1 belonged to subtype A. This genotype is consistent with the typical subtype present in Xinjiang. Conclusions We describe spontaneous partial regression of CKS in a patient of Miao ethnicity in inland China. Our sample may represent an unknown, novel genotype. Surveillance and regulating the immune state may represent a valuable approach for this rare disease.
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- 2021
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12. Involution of classic Kaposi sarcoma lesions under acitretin treatment Kaposi sarcoma treated with acitretin
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Najla Daadaa, Asmahane Souissi, Meryam Chaabani, Ines Chelly, Moez Ben Salem, and Mourad Mokni
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acitretin ,generalized pustular psoriasis ,Kaposi sarcoma ,Medicine ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Published
- 2020
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13. Primary Kaposi sarcoma of the glans: A rare case in an HIV‐negative patient
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Farnaz Araghi, Mohammadreza Tabary, Farahnaz Bidari‐Zerehpoosh, Zahra Asadi‐Kani, and Reza M. Robati
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genitalia ,glans penis ,HHV‐8 ,Kaposi sarcoma ,Medicine ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Abstract First presentation of the Kaposi sarcoma (KS) on the penis is not prevalent, and it was reported in 2%‐3% of the cases that mostly occurred in the HIV‐positive patients. Here, we report a case of primary KS on the glans penis in an HIV‐negative patient.
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- 2020
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14. Colesional cutaneous talaromycosis (penicilliosis) and Kaposi sarcoma in an HIV‐infected patient
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Shau‐Kong Lai, Lii‐Jye Tan, Huzlinda Hussin, Amizatul Aini Salleh, and Ikmal Hisyam Bakrin
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HIV infections ,Kaposi Sarcoma ,Skin ,Talaromycosis ,Medicine ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Abstract HIV‐infected patients are at high risk of multiple pathologies. Accurate identification of multiple colesional pathologies is critical for the patient management. We report a distinctive case of colesional cutaneous talaromycosis and Kaposi sarcoma. Prudent histopathological examination and judicious use of adjunct diagnostic test are essential for the diagnosis.
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- 2021
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15. Novel Virus Related to Kaposi’s Sarcoma–Associated Herpesvirus from Colobus Monkey
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Akshay Dhingra, Tina Ganzenmueller, Elias Hage, Nicolás M. Suárez, Kerstin Mätz-Rensing, Dimitri Widmer, Stefan Pöhlmann, Andrew J. Davison, Thomas F. Schulz, and Artur Kaul
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Virology ,bioinformatics ,evolution ,viruses ,Kaposi sarcoma ,herpesvirus ,Medicine ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
We determined the complete genome sequence of a virus isolated from a mantled guereza that died of primary effusion lymphoma. The virus is closely related to Kaposi’s sarcoma–associated herpesvirus (KSHV) but lacks some genes implicated in KSHV pathogenesis. This finding may help determine how KSHV causes primary effusion lymphoma in humans.
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- 2019
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16. Kaposi Sarcoma in Mantled Guereza
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Anna Grewer, Martina Bleyer, Kerstin Mätz-Rensing, Alexander S. Hahn, Tim Rüggeberg, Gregor Babaryka, Andre Zimmermann, Stefan Pöhlmann, and Artur Kaul
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Kaposi sarcoma ,Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus ,KSHV ,nonhuman primate ,rhadinovirus ,viruses ,Medicine ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
We identified a novel Kaposi’s sarcoma herpesvirus–related rhadinovirus (Colobine gammaherpesvirus 1) in a mantled guereza (Colobus guereza kikuyensis). The animal had multiple oral tumors characterized by proliferation of latent nuclear antigen 1–positive spindle cells and was not co-infected with immunosuppressive simian viruses, suggesting that it had Kaposi sarcoma caused by this novel rhadinovirus.
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- 2019
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17. Unanticipated diagnosis of skeletal muscle Kaposi sarcoma: a case report
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Harshini Udayakumar, Venkatraman Indiran, and Prabhakaran Madurai Muthu
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kaposi sarcoma ,skeletal muscle sarcoma ,atypical kaposi sarcoma ,Medicine - Abstract
Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a cancer, characteristically manifesting as red or purple patches of abnormal tissue growing subcutaneously around the mouth, nose, and throat. Primary Musculoskeletal KS is a never reported as skeletal muscles sarcomas are first differentials. Pertaining to the musculoskeletal system complicity of KS, African and Classic KS lesions are inclined to manifest lesion in the peripheral skeleton.On the other hand AIDS-related KS routinely involves the maxillofacial bones and/or axial skeleton. KS distinguishably involves the tempo-parietal bones, paranasal sinus, hands and feet and other facial bones. Asymmetric involvement of the bones by KS is the rule. Though reported, involvement of the joints in KS is unusual. Skeletal muscle involvement has only sparingly been reported in AIDS-related KS patient. A primary KS of the skeletal muscle in an otherwise normal patient with no skin manifestations has never been reported thus far. The occurrence of KS in any atypical site may pose as difficulty to diagnose it. It is important for the radiologist to acquaintance with the spectrum of imaging manifestations of KS in various affected organs. Particularly in asymptomatic patients, lesions go unrecognized on routine imaging studies (e.g. KS on plain x-ray films) and clinicians are unwary of their existence. Awareness that KS can occur in any of these unusual locations may help avoid potential misdiagnosis with serious consequences (e.g. spinal cord compression) and/or mis-management.
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- 2020
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18. Mucocutaneous presentation of Kaposi sarcoma of rapid growth in a young male with HIV infection
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Alice Verdelli and Marzia Caproni
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kaposi sarcoma ,mouth neoplasms ,hiv infection ,Medicine - Abstract
A 26-year-old male with a medical history of risk sexual behavior, is brought to the Emergency Room (ER) with complaints of dyspnea associated with an oral cavity mass. At the interrogation, he referred that the symptomatology started 2 months ago with a lesion of approximately 1cm, originated from the upper gum. Patient also reported dysphonia, and dysphagia due to the expansion of the mass, and a weight loss of 10 kilograms.
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- 2020
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19. Trends and Histopathological Patterns of Kaposi Sarcoma at The University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria
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Gerald Dafe Forae and Darlington Ewaen Obaseki
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Kaposi sarcoma ,Vascular Tumors ,Histopathology ,Medicine - Abstract
Objectives: Kaposi sarcoma (KS) shows greater geographic variation in incidence than almost any other vascular tumor globally. KS is common in parts of Sub-Saharan Africa accounting for 9% of all diagnosed cancer cases in men in the early 1990’s in Uganda and Zaire. KS is classified by the World Health Organization as a borderline vascular tumor. We aimed to determine the trends and histopathological patterns of KS as seen in the University of Benin Teaching Hospital in Benin City, Nigeria, and to compare with similar work in other centers. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of all histologically confirmed KS seen over a 20-year period at the Pathology Department of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital. Results: A total of 269 histologically diagnosed vascular tumors were analyzed. Of these, borderline tumors constituted 30.9% (n = 83). KS constituted 79 (95.2%) out of the 83 borderline vascular tumors. Out of the 79 cases of KS, 76 (96.2%) cases were confirmed in HIV/AIDS patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy. The male to female ratio of KS was 1.1:1.0 while the mean age was 39.2±3.6 years. There was a sharp rise in the trend of KS from 2005 to a peak in 2008. The leg and foot region was the most common site of occurrence. There were two cases seen in the cervical lymph node in the pediatric age group. Conclusions: KS was the most common borderline vascular tumor with almost all cases confirmed as HIV/AIDS patients. The mean age of presentation was in the fourth decade of life with a sharp rise in its incidence from 2005 with a peak incidence in 2008. This was followed by a slight decline from 2009 to 2013. Mixed and nodular KS were the most frequently encountered types and patterns, respectively.
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- 2018
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20. Telomerase promoter mutations in human immunodeficiency virus-related conjunctiva neoplasia
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Noemy Starita, Luigi Buonaguro, Franco M. Buonaguro, and Maria Lina Tornesello
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TERT promoter ,Mutations ,Conjunctiva neoplasia ,Kaposi sarcoma ,HIV ,Africa ,Medicine - Abstract
Abstract Background Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the conjunctiva is a common cancer in Africa mainly associated with solar ultraviolet (UV) exposure and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We analyzed the role of HIV on the occurrence of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutations among a cohort of conjunctiva neoplasia Ugandan patients. Methods Telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter mutations were searched in 72 conjunctiva neoplasia cases, comprising SCC and intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1–3 (CIN1–3), as well as in 53 conjunctiva normal tissues and in 24 HIV-related Kaposi sarcoma. Results The average prevalence of TERT promoter mutations in conjunctiva neoplasia was 31.9%. The mutation rates were significantly higher in HIV-positive (31.8% of CIN1 and CIN2, 46.2% of CIN3 and SCC,) than HIV-negative patients (22.2% of CIN1 and CIN2, 13.3% of CIN3 and SCC). Such mutations were rarely identified among HIV-positive conjunctiva controls (3.6%) and never in Kaposi sarcoma lesions. The most frequent variations were the hot spots − 124G>A and − 146G>A and tandem transitions − 124_125GG>AA and − 138_139GG>AA. Conclusions Telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter mutations are early events in conjunctival neoplasia and could be used for timely diagnosis of conjunctiva tumours. The high frequency of UV-signatures in HIV-positive conjunctiva lesions suggests an additive effect of the virus to UV-related mutagenesis.
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- 2018
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21. The histopathological pattern of cutaneous vascular tumours; An institution based study
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E Imasogie Dele and E Ugiagbe Ezekiel
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kaposi sarcoma ,cutaneous vascular tumours ,Medicine - Abstract
Background: The skin is a typical site for vascular tumours. Researches on primary cutaneous vascular tumours as a sub group of cutaneous soft tissue tumours are virtually non-existence in our environment in particular and Nigeria in general.The aim of this study is to elucidate the histopathological types of primary cutaneous vascular tumours as well as their age and sex distribution at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital. Methods: It was a 10 year retrospective study that covered the period from 1st of January 2004 to 31st of December 2013. The archived records of the Department of Morbid Anatomy were consulted for all cases of histologically diagnosed cutaneous vascular tumours. The data generated was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 16. Result: One hundred four cases (104) of cutaneous vascular tumours were encountered during the period of study unde review. The mean age of cases with cutaneous vascular tumours was in the 4th decade while a slight female predilection was observed. Kaposi's sarcoma accounted for 73.08% of cases while the haemangiomas and angiosarcomas accounted for 25% and 1.92% of cutaneous vascular tumours respectively. Sexual predilection was slightly in favour of the females with Kaposi's sarcomas and haemangiomas. The mean ages for haemangioma, Kaposi's sarcoma and angiosarcoma were in the 3rd, 4th and 7th decades respectively. Conclusion: Kaposi sarcoma was the most common cutaneous vascular tumour followed by haemangioma, while the least is the rare angiosarcoma. Cases with haemangiomas have the least mean age.
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- 2018
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22. High-dose-rate brachytherapy in the treatment of skin Kaposi sarcoma
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María Ángeles González Ruiz, Juan Quirós Rivero, Julia Luisa Muñoz García, Joaquín José Cabrera Rodríguez, Yesika Ríos Kavadoy, María Francisca Ropero Carmona, Almudena Corbacho Campos, Fernando García Urra, María Cristina Cruz Muñoz, Amanda Ruiz Herrero, and Pedro Almendral Manzano
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brachytherapy ,Kaposi sarcoma ,skin cancer ,Valencia applicator ,Medicine - Abstract
Purpose : The aim of the study is to review our experience in treatment of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) lesions with high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy. Material and methods : We present five new KS lesions (three patients) that were treated in our hospital from May 2016 to February 2017 with HDR brachytherapy using Valencia applicators. The treatment was delivered in 5 Gy fractions over five sessions, on alternate days. Total dose of 25 Gy (EQD2 31.25 Gy) was delivered. All patients were male, Caucasian, without a history of HIV, organ transplantation, or current immunosuppressive therapy. The median age was 76 years. Results : All lesions (100%) were located in lower limbs (60% in the ankle, 20% in the leg, and 20% in the foot), and their development was progressive. No lesion was greater than 2 cm (range, 0.5-1.5 cm). With a median follow-up of 15 months, all patients had a complete response to the treatment, with no evidence of local recurrence or tumor progression. Most of the patients (80%) had no acute toxicity; only one patient developed erythema grade 2. Conclusions : HDR brachytherapy could be a good option of treatment for these types of lesions, especially in elderly patients, or when cosmetic results are not good after surgery. Brachytherapy with the Valencia applicator, using hypofractionated regimen provides excellent results in terms of cosmetic and local control, and furthermore, facilitates treatment compliance, which is very relevant in elderly patients. HDR brachytherapy offers a simple, safe, quick, and attractive non-surgical treatment option.
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- 2017
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23. Surgical Treatment of Classic Kaposi’s Sarcoma in the Lower Extremity
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Adem Topkara, Adem Özkan, Ramazan Hakan Özcan, Mustafa Öksüz, and Neşe Çallı Demirkan
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Kaposi sarcoma ,surgical excision ,skin graft ,Medicine ,Surgery ,RD1-811 - Abstract
Objective: Classic Kaposi’s sarcoma is an indolent, angioproliferative tumor that is usually observed in the lower extremities of elderly men. Depending on their stages, skin lesions are maculonodular or vegetative ulcerated masses. Visceral organ or lymph node involvement may rarely occur. There is no gold standard treatment for local diseases. Surgical excision, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and cryotherapy can be performed. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the long-term results of surgical excision and skin graft repair of stage I and II classic Kaposi’s sarcoma skin lesions around the foot and ankle. Material and Methods: Eleven patients were included. The patients’ age and gender, location of lesion, surgical treatment, follow-up period, and recurrence were evaluated by retrospectively examining patient records. For the surgical treatment, the lesion was excised with a 0.5-cm safe skin margin. The defect area was repaired with full-thickness skin grafts that were obtained from the inguinal region in all patients. Results: Eight of the patients were male and three were female. The average age of the patients was 69 (54–84) years. All patients were completely cured. The average follow-up period was 1.8 (1–3) years. No recurrence was observed in any of the patients at the end of the follow-up period. Conclusion: Classic Kaposi’s sarcoma skin lesions in the lower extremity can be completely cured by surgical excision, with no recurrence risk. After surgical excision, using a full-thickness skin graft for repairing primary cutaneous defects, particularly those in the soles, is a simple and reliable method.
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- 2017
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24. New‐onset cutaneous kaposi’s sarcoma following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
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Francesca Magri, Stefania Giordano, Alessandra Latini, and Marta Muscianese
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Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ,Herpesvirus 4, Human ,medicine.medical_specialty ,viruses ,Dermatology ,Asymptomatic ,Covid ,SARS‐CoV‐2 ,Virus ,Lesion ,kaposi sarcoma ,COVID‐19 ,Biopsy ,medicine ,Humans ,Clinical Commentary ,Erythema multiforme ,Sarcoma, Kaposi ,Kaposi's sarcoma ,Aged, 80 and over ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,SARS-CoV-2 ,business.industry ,COVID-19 ,virus diseases ,medicine.disease ,Macular Lesion ,Female ,Sarcoma ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
Background COVID‐19 is associated with several cutaneous manifestations, including chilbain‐like lesions, urticaria, erythema multiforme, and maculopapular lesions. Dermatoses may be directly linked to the viral infection or also represent a consequence of systemic therapies administrated for COVID‐19. A potential role of SARS‐CoV‐2 in triggering the reactivation of other viruses, such as HHV‐6, HHV‐7 and Epstein‐Barr virus has been hypothesized. Objective To better understand and hypothesize possible pathogenetic correlations of COVID‐19 with other dermatological conditions. Methods We report the case of an 83‐year‐old woman hospitalized in a nursing home for several years. On November 2020, the patient had been diagnosed with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, with repeated positive swabs until January 2021. After a month, new‐onset asymptomatic cutaneous purplish macular lesions and violaceous patches occurred bilaterally on the feet. Results An incisional cutaneous biopsy and the histological examination of the plantar lesion revealed the diagnosis of Kaposi Sarcoma. Conclusion We report a unique case of new‐onset bilateral Kaposi's sarcoma following COVID‐19, speculating on a possible role of SARS‐CoV‐2 in the reactivation of human herpes virus‐8 (HHV‐8) infection.
- Published
- 2021
25. Kaposi sarcoma of the eyelid
- Author
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Fouad Chraibi and Idriss Andaloussi Benatiya
- Subjects
kaposi sarcoma ,eyelid ,surgical excision ,Medicine - Abstract
Kaposi's Sarcoma is a general angiosarcoma induced by viral growth factors, including interleukin 6 of Human Herpes Virus Type 8 ( HHV-8 ). It is preferably localized at limbs extremeties. The eyelid localization is very rare. This is an old patient of 68 years, which has since 3 years superior eyelid swelling of the right eye (A). Biopsy histopathological examination shows an aspect of Kaposi 's sarcoma. HIV serology was negative. The treatment then is surgical excision without safety margins with reconstruction in a the same operative time: external canthotomy and upper eyelid sliding flap sutured end-to-end. The outcome was favorable with a good cosmetic result without local recurrence after 6 months follow up (B).
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- 2018
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26. Treatment and outcome of AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma in South Africa, Malawi and Zambia: an international comparison
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Eliane Rohner, Margaret Kasaro, Susan Citonje Msadabwe-Chikuni, Kathryn Stinson, Zainab Mohamed, Hannock Tweya, Matthias Egger, and Julia Bohlius
- Subjects
kaposi sarcoma ,hiv ,malawi ,south africa ,zambia ,treatment ,Medicine - Abstract
HIV-related Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is common in sub-Saharan Africa, but optimal treatment strategies in resource-limited settings remain unclear. We did a retrospective cohort study of adults diagnosed with KS before initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) at three ART programs in South Africa, Malawi and Zambia. We extracted data from medical charts at HIV clinics and oncological referral centers and used electronic data from the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS Southern Africa. We used descriptive statistics to assess tumor (T) and systemic illness (S) stage and treatment of AIDS-KS patients. Kaplan-Meier analyses were used to assess survival after KS diagnosis. We analyzed data from 57 patients in total (20 from South Africa, 20 from Zambia, 17 from Malawi). Median age at KS diagnosis was 35 years and similar across sites. The percentage of patients with poor risk AIDS-KS (T1S1) was similar in South Africa (25%) and Malawi (24%) and higher in Zambia (45%). All AIDS-KS patients initiated ART at the HIV clinic. For KS care, in South Africa 18 patients (90%) were referred to an oncology department; in Malawi and Zambia most patients were managed by the HIV clinics. In Malawi and South Africa, most AIDS-KS patients received systemic chemotherapy, in Zambia one patient received chemotherapy at the HIV clinic. A year after KS diagnosis, 15 patients (75%) in South Africa, 10 patients (50%) in Zambia, and 8 patients (47%) in Malawi were still alive; another 3 patients (15%) in South Africa, 8 patients (40%) in Zambia and 4 patients (24%) in Malawi were lost to follow-up. Management of AIDS-KS patients varied considerably across sites in Malawi, South Africa and Zambia. We need more reliable survival data for AIDS-KS patients in sub-Saharan Africa before we can assess which treatments and clinical pathways should be adopted in a specific setting.
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- 2017
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27. Immunohistochemical characterization of KS cases seen in Nnewi Anambra state using HHV-8 LNA1 and HIV-1P24 antibodies
- Author
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Felix Emeka Menkiti, Ifeoma Oluchukwu Menkiti, Kayode A Adelusola, Ifeoma Florence Ezejiofor, and Cornelius O Ukah
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,biology ,business.industry ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,Formalin fixed ,medicine.disease ,medicine.disease_cause ,Dermatology ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,Human herpes ,Analysis ,HHV8 LNA-1 ,HIV-1p24 ,Immunohistochemistry ,Kaposi Sarcoma ,medicine ,biology.protein ,Histopathology ,Sarcoma ,Antibody ,business - Abstract
Introduction: Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is of public health significance in sub-Saharan Africa, including Nigeria, especially in the era of HIV/AIDS. Several works have been done on the prevalence and patterns of KS both in Nigeria and other parts of Africa, with a reported significant prevalence. We employed immunohistochemistry to characterise the morphologic KS cases seen in Nnewi. Materials and Methods: The Formalin Fixed, Paraffin Embedded (FFPE) tissue blocks of all haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) diagnosed cases of KS seen in the archives of histopathology facilities in Nnewi, Anambra State over 15 year period were retrieved. Fresh sections were made from the tissue blocks of the 82 cases that met the inclusion criteria for the study, and were subjected to immunohistochemistry using HHV-8 LNA1 (Human Herpes Virus-8 Latent nuclear antigen1) and HIV-1p24 antibodies and reviewed. Results: A total of 82 KS cases were studied, 69 of which were confirmed KS cases on immunohistochemistry. KS accounted for 1.20% and 14.47% of solid malignancies and sarcomas respectively. Nearly 80% of these were HIV/AIDS-associated, 59.3% of which occurred in females. KS occurred more in the third decade with an age range of 7-74years. Conclusion: KS is quite common in our environment and is largely HIV/AIDS associated. Reducing the burden of HIV/AIDS will invariably reduce KS burden.
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- 2021
28. Beyond T Staging in the 'Treat-All' Era: Severity and Heterogeneity of Kaposi Sarcoma in East Africa
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Michael Kanyesigye, Esther E. Freeman, Naftali Busakhala, Susan Regan, Mwebesa Bwana, Aggrey Semeere, Megan Wenger, Ingrid V. Bassett, Helen Byakwaga, Elyne Rotich, Miriam Laker-Oketta, Kara Wools-Kaloustian, Devon E. McMahon, Matthew Ssemakadde, Philippa Kadama-Makanga, Charles Kasozi, Jeffrey N. Martin, and Job Kisuya
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,sub-Saharan Africa ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Clinical Sciences ,global health ,HIV Infections ,Kaposi ,Disease ,Severity of Illness Index ,Article ,Rare Diseases ,Disease severity ,Clinical Research ,Virology ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Advanced disease ,East africa ,Humans ,cancer ,Uganda ,biopsy ,Pharmacology (medical) ,delayed diagnosis ,Stage (cooking) ,Sarcoma, Kaposi ,Neoplasm Staging ,business.industry ,Advanced stage ,HIV ,Kaposi sarcoma ,Sarcoma ,staging ,medicine.disease ,Kenya ,AIDS ,Emerging Infectious Diseases ,Infectious Diseases ,Public Health and Health Services ,Marked heterogeneity ,Female ,Infection ,business - Abstract
BackgroundAlthough many patients with Kaposi sarcoma (KS) in sub-Saharan Africa are diagnosed with AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) T1 disease, T1 staging insufficiently captures clinical heterogeneity of advanced KS. Using a representative community-based sample, we detailed disease severity at diagnosis to inform KS staging and treatment in sub-Saharan Africa.MethodsWe performed rapid case ascertainment on people living with HIV, aged 18 years or older, newly diagnosed with KS from 2016 to 2019 at 3 clinic sites in Kenya and Uganda to ascertain disease stage as close as possible to diagnosis. We reported KS severity using ACTG and WHO staging criteria and detailed measurements that are not captured in the current staging systems.ResultsWe performed rapid case ascertainment within 1 month for 241 adults newly diagnosed with KS out of 389 adult patients with suspected KS. The study was 68% men with median age 35 years and median CD4 count 239. Most of the patients had advanced disease, with 82% qualifying as ACTG T1 and 64% as WHO severe/symptomatic KS. The most common ACTG T1 qualifiers were edema (79%), tumor-associated ulceration (24%), extensive oral KS (9%), pulmonary KS (7%), and gastrointestinal KS (4%). There was marked heterogeneity within T1 KS, with 25% of patients having 2 T1 qualifying symptoms and 3% having 3 or more.ConclusionMost of the patients newly diagnosed with KS had advanced stage disease, even in the current antiretroviral therapy "treat-all" era. We observed great clinical heterogeneity among advanced stage patients, leading to questions about whether all patients with advanced KS require the same treatment strategy.
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- 2021
29. COVID-19 IN A PATIENT WITH HIV AND KAPOSI SARCOMA
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Anca-Cristiana Oprea, Maria-Andrada Corodeanu, Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Sorina Vasile, and Casa Doru' Hiv
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antiretroviral treatment ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,business.industry ,General Engineering ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,hiv ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 ,medicine.disease ,medicine.disease_cause ,Virology ,kaposi sarcoma ,covid-19 ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Medicine ,Sarcoma ,business ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
A 53 year old male diagnosed with HIV, SARS-CoV-2 and Kaposi sarcoma developed a purple-brown maculopapular rash on the left calf approximately 6 months before hospitalization and was diagnosed with venous ulcer. The lesions grew in size, spread on the whole body and also appeared on the palate. During this time the patient did not ask for a second opinion and was not monitored by a medical specialist. In December 2020, he developed a severe form of COVID-19 with acute respiratory failure and was admitted to the hospital. He was simultaneously diagnosed with HIV and severe immunosuppression. The skin biopsy confirmed Kaposi sarcoma in the nodular stage. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) was initiated and the patient later received liposomal doxorubicin chemotherapy. The patient slowly recovered whilst showing improvement of his clinical condition and immunological status.
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- 2021
30. Transplant-associated penile Kaposi sarcoma managed with single agent paclitaxel chemotherapy: a case report
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Peter M. Ferguson, David M. Gracey, Tracey Ying, Madeleine C Strach, Matthew A Anderson, Steve Chadban, Peter Grimison, and Kate Wyburn
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Penile Kaposi Sarcoma ,Paclitaxel ,Urology ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Case Report ,Transplant ,Lesion ,030207 dermatology & venereal diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Postoperative Complications ,medicine ,Humans ,Chemotherapy ,Disseminated disease ,Renal ,Penile Neoplasms ,Sarcoma, Kaposi ,Aged ,Sirolimus ,business.industry ,Kaposi sarcoma ,Malignancy ,Immunosuppression ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ,Kidney Transplantation ,Tacrolimus ,Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,Surgery ,Reproductive Medicine ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Sarcoma ,Therapy ,RC870-923 ,medicine.symptom ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Background Kaposi’s sarcoma is an uncommon complication in renal transplant patients, and typically presents with cutaneous lesions on the lower extremities. Penile involvement has been reported only rarely. Management of cutaneous-limited disease is primarily reduction of immunosuppression and conversion to an mTOR-inhibitor, whereas the treatment of disseminated disease in transplant patients is more variable. Case presentation A 75-year-old male, originally from Somalia, received a deceased-donor kidney transplant for diabetic and hypertensive nephropathy. Seven months post-transplant he presented with lower limb lesions, oedema and bilateral deep vein thromboses. He then developed a fast-growing painful lesion on his penile shaft. A biopsy of this lesion confirmed KS, and a PET scan demonstrated disseminated disease in the lower extremities, penis and thoracic lymph nodes. His tacrolimus was converted to sirolimus, and his other immunosuppression was reduced. He was treated with single agent paclitaxel chemotherapy in view of his rapidly progressing, widespread disease. The penile lesion completely resolved, and the lower extremity lesions regressed significantly. His kidney allograft function remained stable throughout treatment. Conclusion This case illustrates a rare presentation of an uncommon post-transplant complication and highlights the need for a high index of suspicion of KS in transplant patients presenting with atypical cutaneous lesions. It serves to demonstrate that the use of single agent paclitaxel chemotherapy, switch to an mTORi and reduction in immunosuppression where possible produces excellent short-term outcomes, adding to the body of evidence for this management strategy in disseminated Kaposi’s sarcoma.
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- 2021
31. Lymphadenopathic kaposi sarcoma in an immunocompetent young patient: a case report
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Rajae Borki, Sihame Lkhoyaali, Karima Laadam, Sophia Nitassi, Fouad Zouaidia, Basma Elkhannoussi, Hassan Errihani, Anass Benbouzid, and Leila Essakalli
- Subjects
lymphadenopathic ,kaposi sarcoma ,immunocompetent ,Medicine - Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a vascular lesion that usually originates from several sites in the mid-dermis extending into the dermis. Infection from human herpes virus type 8 (HHV-8) is the mostly associated cause. Several articles reported cases of KS, first in Africa, then worldwide because of its close association with HIV / AIDS. KS may also be due to iatrogenic immunosuppression of chronic steroid use, high level of expression of many cytokines and angiogenic growth factors. It can involve skin, mucous membranes, lymph nodes and viscera. We report a case of a 24-year-old immunocompetent, HIV negative male who presented with indolent lymphadenopathy, after adenectomy and histological and immunohistochemical examination revealed a KS. The patient did not have skin lesions. Refusing any other therapy, our patient still lives healthy.This very rare case shows that KS does not always equal immunodeficiency.
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- 2017
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32. Disseminated Kaposi Sarcoma
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Laura E. Goyack and Matthew A. Heimann
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Systemic disease ,medicine.medical_specialty ,RC86-88.9 ,business.industry ,Mucocutaneous zone ,Kaposi sarcoma ,Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid ,Images in Emergency Medicine ,adenopathy ,point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) ,Emergency department ,Emergency Nursing ,medicine.disease ,Dysphagia ,Dermatology ,violaceous ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,Emergency Medicine ,medicine ,Sarcoma ,medicine.symptom ,acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,business ,Airway ,Odynophagia - Abstract
Author(s): Goyack, Laura; Heimann, Matthew | Abstract: Case Presentation: A 28-year-old male with a recent diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus presented to the emergency department with odynophagia and dysphagia for a month. Physical exam revealed Kaposi sarcoma partially occluding the airway. Point-of-care ultrasound was used to assist with the diagnosis of reactive lymphadenopathy, and computed tomography revealed systemic disease. Otolaryngology was urgently consulted, and the patient was admitted for prompt tracheostomy the following day.Discussion: Kaposi sarcoma is a violaceous vascular neoplasm that is an acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining illness. Mucocutaneous membranes should be thoroughly evaluated with patients suspected of AIDS. This case demonstrates the vital evaluation of the patient’s airway to assess patency. Highly active antiretroviral therapy should be initiated promptly, as well as chemotherapy in severe systemic cases.
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- 2021
33. Palliative treatment of Kaposi sarcoma with radiotherapy: a single center experience
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İpek Pınar Aral, Yilmaz Tezcan, Gonca Altınışık İnan, and Süheyla Aytaç Arslan
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medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Single Center ,Gastroenterology ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Clinical endpoint ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Clinical Investigation ,Palliative therapy ,Response rate (survey) ,Radiotherapy ,business.industry ,Kaposi sarcoma ,Odds ratio ,medicine.disease ,Confidence interval ,Radiation therapy ,Oncology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Original Article ,Sarcoma ,Bolus (digestion) ,business - Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study is to evaluate the treatment responses of Kaposi sarcoma patients treated with radiotherapy (RT). Materials and Methods The data of 18 patients (40 different regions) who were treated for Kaposi sarcoma in Department of the Radiation Oncology, Ankara City Hospital, Turkey between March 23, 2010 to February 13, 2018 were evaluated retrospectively. The primary endpoint of the study was the clinical-subjective response after RT, and the secondary endpoint was the visual response assessment after RT. Results In evaluating the patients’ reported response of the lesions: 25 (62.5%) of complete response (CR), 12 (30%) of partial response (PR), and stable response was seen in 3 patients (7.5%). Patient reported response after RT was significantly higher in male sex (p = 0.002; odds ratio [OR] = 13.8, 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.7–70.0). Physician reported response rates were available for 28 lesions and CR was detected in 12 lesions (30%); PR was observed in 16 (40%). The relationship between physician reported outcome and RT techniques (electron, bolus, or water bolus) is close to the limit of statically significance (p = 0.052). Fewer lesions disappeared in patients with photon preference than electrons (p = 0.036; OR = 0.093; 95% CI, 0.009–0.950). Patients’ reported complete response rates were significantly higher in the 20 Gy per 5 fractions treatment arm (p = 0.042; OR = 1.75; 95% CI, 1.1–2.7). Conclusion RT is an effective local treatment with high response rates in the treatment of Kaposi sarcoma. The subjective-clinical response rate was higher in male sex and the visual response was higher in the 20 Gy per 5 fractions arm. Additional studies are needed to standardize RT dose and techniques.
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- 2021
34. Kaposi sarcoma in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis: a case-based review
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Arun S. Singh, Tanaz A. Kermani, Benedict K. Tiong, and G. Peter Sarantopoulos
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Male ,Vasculitis ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Immunology ,Microscopic Polyangiitis ,Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Rheumatology ,Prednisone ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Cyclophosphamide ,Sarcoma, Kaposi ,Aged ,Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody ,030203 arthritis & rheumatology ,business.industry ,Remission Induction ,Kaposi sarcoma ,Immunosuppression ,medicine.disease ,Dermatology ,Case Based Review ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Granulomatosis with polyangiitis ,Microscopic polyangiitis ,business ,Immunosuppressive Agents ,Systemic vasculitis ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV) are systemic necrotizing vasculitides associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Given the immunosuppression used to manage these conditions, it is important for clinicians to recognize complications, especially infectious ones, which may arise during treatment. Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a lymphoangioproliferative neoplasm caused by human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8). Its cutaneous manifestations can mimic vasculitis. We describe a 77-year-old man with microscopic polyangiitis with pulmonary-renal syndrome treated with prednisone and intravenous cyclophosphamide who developed KS (HHV-8 positive) after 2 months of treatment. Cyclophosphamide was discontinued and prednisone gradually lowered with improvement and clinical stabilization of KS lesions. This comprehensive review includes all published cases of KS in patients with AAV, with a goal to summarize potential risk factors including the clinical characteristics of vasculitis, treatment and outcomes of patients with this rare complication of immunosuppressive therapy. We also expanded our literature review to KS in other forms of systemic vasculitis. Our case-based review emphasizes the importance of considering infectious complications of immunosuppressive therapy, especially glucocorticoids, and highlights the rare association of KS in systemic vasculitis.
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- 2021
35. Pyogenic granuloma-like Kaposi sarcoma: A case report with dermatoscopical and histopathological characteristics
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Emine Benzer, Burcu Tugrul, and Hatice Gamze Demirdag
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Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Pyogenic granuloma ,solitary nodule ,pyogenic granuloma ,dermatoscopy ,Dermatology ,medicine.disease ,Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,kaposi sarcoma ,hemic and lymphatic diseases ,RL1-803 ,medicine ,histopathology ,Sarcoma ,RC870-923 ,dermoscopy ,business ,pg-like ks - Abstract
Pyogenic granuloma-like Kaposi sarcoma (PG-like KS) is an uncommon clinicopathologic variant of KS. This is a challenging entity to diagnose because it combines the clinical and histopathological characteristics of both PG and KS. Herein, we present a case of PG-like nodular-type KS with dermatoscopical and histopathological characteristics.
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- 2021
36. Update on Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV or HHV8) – review
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Mihaela Rădulescu, Nicoleta Iftode, Victoria Aramă, and Ștefan Sorin Aramă
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medicine.medical_specialty ,viruses ,Virus ,Pathogenesis ,03 medical and health sciences ,kaposi sarcoma ,0302 clinical medicine ,kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus ,Internal medicine ,Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus ,medicine ,Humans ,Sarcoma, Kaposi ,030304 developmental biology ,primary effusion lymphoma ,0303 health sciences ,business.industry ,virus diseases ,Herpesviridae Infections ,medicine.disease ,Virology ,RC31-1245 ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Herpesvirus 8, Human ,Primary effusion lymphoma ,Sarcoma ,Multicentric Castleman Disease ,kshv ,business ,multicentric castleman disease ,Human herpesvirus - Abstract
Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8), also known as Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), is one of the few pathogens recognized as direct carcinogen, being involved in the pathogenesis of Kaposi sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma and multicentric Castleman disease. KSHV is a relatively recently discovered virus, with still limited possibilities for diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, ongoing studies are trying to answer the main issues related to the management of KSHV infection and its associated diseases. This review updates the current knowledge of the KSHV infection, discussing aspects related to epidemiology, virological features, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment.
- Published
- 2020
37. Involution of classic Kaposi sarcoma lesions under acitretin treatment Kaposi sarcoma treated with acitretin
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Ines Chelly, Moez Ben Salem, A. Souissi, Mourad Mokni, N. Daadaa, and Meryam Chaabani
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Medicine (General) ,Case Report ,Case Reports ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Acitretin ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,R5-920 ,Medicine ,Involution (medicine) ,Classic Kaposi Sarcoma ,business.industry ,virus diseases ,Kaposi sarcoma ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Dermatology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Concomitant ,Generalized pustular psoriasis ,Sarcoma ,generalized pustular psoriasis ,business ,acitretin ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Acitretin, indicated for generalized pustular psoriasis, was effective in concomitant classic Kaposi sarcoma.
- Published
- 2020
38. No increased risk of Kaposi sarcoma relapse in patients with controlled HIV‐1 infection after switching protease inhibitor‐based antiretroviral therapy
- Author
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Lajaunie, Rébecca, Cuzin, Lise, Palich, Romain, Makinson, Alain, Bani-Sadr, Firouzé, Duvivier, Claudine, Arvieux, Cedric, Rey, David, Poizot-Martin, Isabelle, Delpierre, Cyril, Delobel, Pierre, Martin-Blondel, Guillaume, Chirouze, C., Drobacheff-Thiébaut, C., Foltzer, A., Bouiller, K., Hustache- Mathieu, L., Lepiller, Q., Bozon, F., Babre, O, Brunel, As., Muret, P., Chevalier, E., Jacomet, C., Laurichesse, H., Lesens, O., Vidal, M., Mrozek, N., Aumeran, C., Baud, O., Corbin, V., Goncalvez, E., Mirand, A, Brebion, A, Henquell, C, Lamaury, I., Fabre, I., Curlier, E., Ouissa, R., Herrmann-Storck, C., Tressieres, B., Receveur, Mc., Boulard, F., Daniel, C., Clavel, C., Roger, Pm., Markowicz, S., Chellum Rungen, N., Merrien, D., Perré, P., Guimard, T., Bollangier, O., Leautez, S., Morrier, M., Laine, L., Boucher, D., Point, P., Cotte, L., Ader, F., Becker, A., Boibieux, A., Brochier, C., Brunel-Dalmas, F., Cannesson, O., Chiarello, P., Chidiac, C., Degroodt, S., Ferry, T., Godinot, M., Livrozet, J.M., Makhloufi, D., Miailhes, P., Perpoint, T., Perry, M., Pouderoux, C., Roux, S., Triffault-Fillit, C., Valour, F., Charre, C., Icard, V., Tardy, J.C., Trabaud, M.A., Ravaux, I., Ménard, A., Belkhir, Ay., Colson, P., Dhiver, C., Madrid, A., Martin-Degioanni, M., Meddeb, L., Mokhtari, M., Motte, A., Raoux, A., Toméi, C., Tissot-Dupont, H., Poizot-Martin, I., Brégigeon, S., Zaegel-Faucher, O., Obry-Roguet, V., Laroche, H, Orticoni, M., Soavi, M.J., Ressiot, E., Ducassou, M.J., Jaquet, I., Galie, S., Colson, H., Ritleng, A.S., Ivanova, A., Debreux, C., Lions, C., Rojas-Rojas, T, Cabié, A., Abel, S., Bavay, J., Bigeard, B., Cabras, O., Cuzin, L., Dupin de Majoubert, R., Fagour, L., Guitteaud, K., Marquise, A., Najioullah, F., Pierre-François, S., Pasquier, J., Richard, P., Rome, K., Turmel, Jm, Varache, C., Atoui, N., Bistoquet, M., Delaporte, E, Le Moing, V., Makinson, A., Meftah, N., Merle de Boever, C., Montes, B., Montoya Ferrer, A., Tuaillon, E., Reynes, J., Lefèvre, B., Jeanmaire, E., Hénard, S., Frentiu, E., Charmillon, A., Legoff, A., Tissot, N., André, M., Boyer, L., Bouillon, Mp., Delestan, M., Goehringer, F., Bevilacqua, S., Rabaud, C., May, T., Raffi, F., Allavena, C., Aubry, O., Billaud, E., Biron, C., Bonnet, B., Bouchez, S., Boutoille, D., Brunet-Cartier, C., Deschanvres, C., Gaborit, B.J., Grégoire, A., Grégoire, M., Grossi, O., Guéry, R., Jovelin, T., Lefebvre, M., Le Turnier, P., Lecomte, R., Morineau, P., Reliquet, V., Sécher, S., Cavellec, M., Paredes, E., Soria, A., Ferré, V., André-Garnier, E., Rodallec, A., Pugliese, P., Breaud, S., Ceppi, C., Chirio, D., Cua, E., Dellamonica, P., Demonchy, E., de Monte, A., Durant, J., Etienne, C., Ferrando, S., Garraffo, R., Michelangeli, C., Mondain, V., Naqvi, A., Oran, N., Perbost, I., Carles, M., Klotz, C., Maka, A., Pradier, C., Prouvost-Keller, B., Risso, K., Rio, V., Rosenthal, E., Touitou, I., Wehrlen-Pugliese, S., Zouzou, G., Hocqueloux, L., Prazuck, T., Gubavu, C., Sève, A., Giaché, S., Rzepecki, V., Colin, M., Boulard, C., Thomas, G., Cheret, A., Goujard, C., Quertainmont, Y., Teicher, E., Lerolle, N., Jaureguiberry, S., Colarino, R., Deradji, O., Castro, A., Barrail-Tran, A., Yazdanpanah, Y., Landman, R., Joly, V., Ghosn, J., Rioux, C., Lariven, S., Gervais, A., Lescure, Fx., Matheron, S., Louni, F., Julia, Z., Le Gac, S., Charpentier, C., Descamps, D., Peytavin, G., Duvivier, C., Aguilar, C., Alby-Laurent, F., Amazzough, K., Benabdelmoumen, G., Bossi, P., Cessot, G., Charlier, C., Consigny, P.H., Jidar, K., Lafont, E., Lanternier, F., Leporrier, J., Lortholary, O., Louisin, C., Lourenco, J., Parize, P., Pilmis, B., Rouzaud, C., Touam, F., Valantin, Ma., Tubiana, R., Agher, R., Seang, Sophie, Schneider, L., Palich, R., Blanc, C., Katlama, C., Bani-Sadr, F., Berger, Jl., N’guyen, Y., Lambert, D., Kmiec, I., Hentzien, M., Brunet, A., Romaru, J., Marty, H., Brodard, V., Arvieux, C., Tattevin, P., Revest, M., Souala, F., Baldeyrou, M., Patrat-Delon, S., Chapplain, J.M., Benezit, F., Dupont, M., Poinot, M., Maillard, A., Pronier, C., Lemaitre, F., Morlat, C., Poisson-Vannier, M., Sinteff, Jp., Gagneux-Brunon, A., Botelho-Nevers, E., Frésard, A., Ronat, V., Lucht, F., Rey, D., Fischer, P., Partisani, M., Cheneau, C., Priester, M., Batard, Ml., Mélounou, C, Bernard-Henry, C., de Mautort, E., Fafi-Kremer, S., Delobel, P., Alvarez, M., Biezunski, N., Debard, A., Delpierre, C., Gaube, G., Lansalot, P., Lelièvre, L., Marcel, M., Martin-Blondel, G., Piffaut, M., Porte, L., Saune, K., Robineau, O., Ajana, F., Aïssi, E., Alcaraz, I., Alidjinou, E., Baclet, V., Bocket, L., Boucher, A., Digumber, M., Huleux, T., Lafon-Desmurs, B., Meybeck, A., Pradier, M., Tetart, M., Thill, P., Viget, N., Valette, M., Service Maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Toulouse], Pôle Inflammation, infection, immunologie et loco-moteur [CHU Toulouse] (Pôle I3LM Toulouse), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France], Epidémiologie et analyses en santé publique : risques, maladies chroniques et handicaps (LEASP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Département Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Universitaire, Montpellier, France, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims), Service des Maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Necker], CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IHU) (Imagine - U1163), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre Médical de l'Institut Pasteur (CMIP), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], CHU Strasbourg, Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier - Faculté de médecine Purpan (UTPS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), And The Dat’AIDS study group: C Chirouze, C Drobacheff-Thiébaut, A Foltzer, K Bouiller, L Hustache-Mathieu, Q Lepiller, F Bozon, O Babre, A S Brunel, P Muret, E Chevalier, C Jacomet, H Laurichesse, O Lesens, M Vidal, N Mrozek, C Aumeran, O Baud, V Corbin, E Goncalvez, A Mirand, A Brebion, C Henquell, I Lamaury, I Fabre, E Curlier, R Ouissa, C Herrmann-Storck, B Tressieres, M C Receveur, F Boulard, C Daniel, C Clavel, P M Roger, S Markowicz, N Chellum Rungen, D Merrien, P Perré, T Guimard, O Bollangier, S Leautez, M Morrier, L Laine, D Boucher, P Point, L Cotte, F Ader, A Becker, A Boibieux, C Brochier, F Brunel-Dalmas, O Cannesson, P Chiarello, C Chidiac, S Degroodt, T Ferry, M Godinot, J M Livrozet, D Makhloufi, P Miailhes, T Perpoint, M Perry, C Pouderoux, S Roux, C Triffault-Fillit, F Valour, C Charre, V Icard, J C Tardy, M A Trabaud, I Ravaux, A Ménard, A Y Belkhir, P Colson, C Dhiver, A Madrid, M Martin-Degioanni, L Meddeb, M Mokhtari, A Motte, A Raoux, C Toméi, H Tissot-Dupont, I Poizot-Martin, S Brégigeon, O Zaegel-Faucher, V Obry-Roguet, H Laroche, M Orticoni, M J Soavi, E Ressiot, M J Ducassou, I Jaquet, S Galie, H Colson, A S Ritleng, A Ivanova, C Debreux, C Lions, T Rojas-Rojas, A Cabié, S Abel, J Bavay, B Bigeard, O Cabras, L Cuzin, R Dupin de Majoubert, L Fagour, K Guitteaud, A Marquise, F Najioullah, S Pierre-François, J Pasquier, P Richard, K Rome, J M Turmel, C Varache, N Atoui, M Bistoquet, E Delaporte, V Le Moing, A Makinson, N Meftah, C Merle de Boever, B Montes, A Montoya Ferrer, E Tuaillon, J Reynes, B Lefèvre, E Jeanmaire, S Hénard, E Frentiu, A Charmillon, A Legoff, N Tissot, M André, L Boyer, M P Bouillon, M Delestan, F Goehringer, S Bevilacqua, C Rabaud, T May, F Raffi, C Allavena, O Aubry, E Billaud, C Biron, B Bonnet, S Bouchez, D Boutoille, C Brunet-Cartier, C Deschanvres, B J Gaborit, A Grégoire, M Grégoire, O Grossi, R Guéry, T Jovelin, M Lefebvre, P Le Turnier, R Lecomte, P Morineau, V Reliquet, S Sécher, M Cavellec, E Paredes, A Soria, V Ferré, E André-Garnier, A Rodallec, P Pugliese, S Breaud, C Ceppi, D Chirio, E Cua, P Dellamonica, E Demonchy, A De Monte, J Durant, C Etienne, S Ferrando, R Garraffo, C Michelangeli, V Mondain, A Naqvi, N Oran, I Perbost, M Carles, C Klotz, A Maka, C Pradier, B Prouvost-Keller, K Risso, V Rio, E Rosenthal, I Touitou, S Wehrlen-Pugliese, G Zouzou, L Hocqueloux, T Prazuck, C Gubavu, A Sève, S Giaché, V Rzepecki, M Colin, C Boulard, G Thomas, A Cheret, C Goujard, Y Quertainmont, E Teicher, N Lerolle, S Jaureguiberry, R Colarino, O Deradji, A Castro, A Barrail-Tran, Y Yazdanpanah, R Landman, V Joly, J Ghosn, C Rioux, S Lariven, A Gervais, F X Lescure, S Matheron, F Louni, Z Julia, S Le Gac, C Charpentier, D Descamps, G Peytavin, C Duvivier, C Aguilar, F Alby-Laurent, K Amazzough, G Benabdelmoumen, P Bossi, G Cessot, C Charlier, P H Consigny, K Jidar, E Lafont, F Lanternier, J Leporrier, O Lortholary, C Louisin, J Lourenco, P Parize, B Pilmis, C Rouzaud, F Touam, M A Valantin, R Tubiana, R Agher, S Seang, L Schneider, R Palich, C Blanc, C Katlama, F Bani-Sadr, J L Berger, Y N'Guyen, D Lambert, I Kmiec, M Hentzien, A Brunet, J Romaru, H Marty, V Brodard, C Arvieux, P Tattevin, M Revest, F Souala, M Baldeyrou, S Patrat-Delon, J M Chapplain, F Benezit, M Dupont, M Poinot, A Maillard, C Pronier, F Lemaitre, C Morlat, M Poisson-Vannier, T Jovelin, J P Sinteff, A Gagneux-Brunon, E Botelho-Nevers, A Frésard, V Ronat, F Lucht, D Rey, P Fischer, M Partisani, C Cheneau, M Priester, M L Batard, C Mélounou, C Bernard-Henry, E de Mautort, S Fafi-Kremer, P Delobel, M Alvarez, N Biezunski, A Debard, C Delpierre, G Gaube, P Lansalot, L Lelièvre, M Marcel, G Martin-Blondel, M Piffaut, L Porte, K Saune, O Robineau, F Ajana, E Aïssi, I Alcaraz, E Alidjinou, V Baclet, L Bocket, A Boucher, M Digumber, T Huleux, B Lafon-Desmurs, A Meybeck, M Pradier, M Tetart, P Thill, N Viget, M Valette, Malbec, Odile, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes (CHU Rennes), Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers (LPL), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Service d'Immuno-hématologie clinique [Hôpital Sainte Marguerite - APHM], Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Hôpital Sainte-Marguerite [CHU - APHM] (Hôpitaux Sud ), Institut des sciences de la santé publique [Marseille] (ISSPAM), European Infective Endocarditis Registry (Euro-Endo), EMERGEN consortium, Stratégies thérapeutiques contre l'infection VIH et les maladies virales associées [iPLesp] (THERAVIR), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,MESH: CD4 Lymphocyte Count ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,antiretroviral therapy ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,protease inhibitors ,HIV Infections ,medicine.disease_cause ,MESH: HIV-1 ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,MESH: Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / complications ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,HHV8 ,MESH: HIV Infections* / complications ,MESH: Protease Inhibitors / adverse effects ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Protease inhibitor (pharmacology) ,Sarcoma, Kaposi ,Retrospective Studies ,MESH: Humans ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,Kaposi sarcoma ,MESH: Retrospective Studies ,Viral Load ,MESH: HIV Infections* / drug therapy ,medicine.disease ,Antiretroviral therapy ,switch ,CD4 Lymphocyte Count ,AIDS ,[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Regimen ,Infectious Diseases ,Increased risk ,MESH: Sarcoma, Kaposi* / drug therapy ,HIV-1 ,Sarcoma ,Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ,business ,MESH: Viral Load ,Viral load - Abstract
International audience; Objectives: Our aim was to assess if switching from a protease inhibitors (PI)-based regimen to a PI-free one is associated with an increased risk of Kaposi Sarcoma (KS) relapse among patients living with HIV (PLHIV) with history of KS and controlled HIV replication.Methods: In a retrospective analysis of the prospectively collected Dat'AIDS database we selected patients who both had a past KS history and a HIV-1 viral load below 200 copies/mL while being PI-treated. We searched for KS relapses while persistent virological success was maintained for at least 6 months, whether patients kept taking the PI, or switched to PI-free regimen.Results: Among the 216 patients with past KS event and a history of HIV-1 infection efficiently treated by a PI-based regimen, 148 patients (68.5%) later switched to a PI-sparing regimen. Their baseline characteristics were not different from non-switching patients. We described 7 cases of relapse (3.2% of the 216 patients). Five cases of relapse occurred in switching patients (3.4%). The remaining two relapses occurred in PI-treated patients (2.9%). At KS relapse, CD4 cell count was 459 cells/μL (range 225-560) for switching patients, compared with 362 and 136 cells/μL for the other two patients.Conclusions: In this large cohort of PLHIV with a history of KS and ART-controlled HIV replication, KS relapses were described in 3.2% of the patients, and were not more frequent when a PI-containing ART regimen has been switched to a PI-free regimen. Our results do not support a specific effect of PI on KS.
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- 2022
39. Clinical and laboratory differences in patients with local and generalized forms of Kaposi sarcoma
- Author
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T. E. Tyulkova, E. V. Karamov, E. I. Veselova, V. D. Renev, G. D. Kaminskiy, and O. V. Lovacheva
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0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Disease ,cd4 lymphocytes ,Gastroenterology ,03 medical and health sciences ,kaposi sarcoma ,Diseases of the respiratory system ,0302 clinical medicine ,herpes virus type 8 ,Internal medicine ,Parenchyma ,medicine ,In patient ,hiv infection ,Gastrointestinal tract ,RC705-779 ,business.industry ,Mucous membrane ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,030112 virology ,progression predictors ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Christian ministry ,Sarcoma ,business ,Viral load - Abstract
The objective: to evaluate clinical and laboratory parameters in local and generalized forms of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) in HIV infected patients to detect predictors of generalized forms of the disease.Subjects and methods. Case histories of 58 HIV infected patients with KS at the age from 28 to 80 years old were respectively analyzed; they all received treatment in National Medical Research Center of Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases of the Russian Ministry of Health in 2018-2020. Cases were divided into 2 groups depending on KS manifestations. LF group (local form of KS, n = 28) included the patients with skin lesions; GF group (generalized form of KS, n = 30) included patients with skin lesions and one or several lesions in the other sites: the mucous membrane of gastrointestinal tract, the mucous membrane of tracheobronchial tree, and lung parenchyma.Results. Patients with the generalized form of KS had a higher frequency of skin lesions on the body (pχ2 = 0.036), face (pχ2 = 0.033), and multiple sites (pχ2 = 0.018). Patients from both groups had low CD4+ count, but it was more severe in GF group (pχ2 = 0.027) with a significant increase of the viral load (pχ2 = 0.047). The predictors of the generalized form of KS are the following: the presence of specific lesions on the skin of body, face and multiple localizations, CD4 level below 125 cells/mcL, increase in the viral load above 5.3log10 copies/ml, reduction of erythrocytes level below 3.1 × 1012 cells/L. Among 24 patients with KS who had 4-6 predictors, 19 (79.2%) had the generalized form. Among KS patients with not a single predictor, there were no cases of generalized form, as well as there were no cases of local forms among patients who had 5 and 6 predictors.
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- 2020
40. A clinical case of Kaposi sarcoma in a patient with TB/HIV co-infection
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N. V. Kuzmina and N. V. Nelidova
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Tuberculosis ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,Alcohol abuse ,medicine.disease_cause ,01 natural sciences ,kaposi sarcoma ,Diseases of the respiratory system ,030207 dermatology & venereal diseases ,010104 statistics & probability ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Immunity ,medicine ,0101 mathematics ,hiv infection ,RC705-779 ,business.industry ,Viral hepatitis b ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,tuberculosis ,Immunology ,Sarcoma ,Clinical case ,business ,Co infection - Abstract
The article describes a clinical case of Kaposi sarcoma in a patient with concurrent tuberculosis, HIV infection with severely compromised T-cell immunity, viral hepatitis B and C, and substances and alcohol abuse. Also, the patient had low adherence to treatment with anti-tuberculosis and antiretroviral drugs.
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- 2020
41. Association Between Immunoglobulin E Levels and Kaposi Sarcoma in African Adults With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
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Shane C McAllister, Dongliang Wang, Conrad Muzoora, Christine A. King, Peter W. Hunt, Helen Byakwaga, Arturo Barbachano-Guerrero, Jeffrey N. Martin, Miriam Laker-Oketta, and Kamal Naphri
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,HIV Infections ,Immunoglobulin E ,Severity of Illness Index ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Pathogenesis ,0302 clinical medicine ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Immunology and Allergy ,Uganda ,Aetiology ,biology ,Sarcoma ,Biological Sciences ,Mast cell ,Infectious Diseases ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,HIV/AIDS ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Infection ,Adult ,Inflammation ,Kaposi ,KSHV ,Microbiology ,Major Articles and Brief Reports ,03 medical and health sciences ,Rare Diseases ,Clinical Research ,medicine ,Humans ,Sarcoma, Kaposi ,Kaposi's sarcoma ,business.industry ,Inflammatory and immune system ,HIV ,Kaposi sarcoma ,Eosinophil ,Interleukin-33 ,medicine.disease ,CD4 Lymphocyte Count ,Interleukin 33 ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Emerging Infectious Diseases ,030104 developmental biology ,Case-Control Studies ,Africa ,Immunology ,IL-33 ,Mast cell sarcoma ,biology.protein ,mast cell ,business ,030215 immunology - Abstract
It has been demonstrated that activated mast cells (MCs) are enriched in Kaposi sarcoma (KS) tumors and contribute to the inflammatory microenvironment. Mechanisms driving MC activation, however, are incompletely understood. We sought to understand whether immunoglobulin E (IgE), a potent activator of MCs, was associated with KS incidence and severity. In a cross-sectional study of untreated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected adults with or without KS in Uganda, we found that patients with KS had higher plasma IgE levels than those without KS. After adjustment for age, sex, CD4+ T-cell count, and HIV RNA levels, there was a dose-response relationship between plasma IgE levels and the presence and severity of KS. Higher eosinophil counts were also associated with IgE levels, and plasma interleukin 33 concentrations were higher in individuals with KS. These findings suggest that IgE-driven atopic inflammation may contribute the pathogenesis of KS. Therapies targeting IgE-mediated MC activation thus might represent a novel approach for treatment or prevention of KS.
- Published
- 2020
42. KAPOSI SARCOMA COEXISTING WITH NEW ONSET DIABETES MELLITUS IN A 42-YEAROLD KIDNEY TRANSPLANT RECIPIENT: A CASE REPORT
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Loskorima U, Shettima J, Lawan M, Sulaiman Mm, and Ummate I
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kidney transplant ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Medicine (General) ,business.industry ,coexistence ,RK1-715 ,Coexistence, Kaposi sarcoma, Kidney transplant, New onset diabetes ,medicine.disease ,Kidney transplant recipient ,kaposi sarcoma ,surgical procedures, operative ,R5-920 ,New onset diabetes ,new onset diabetes ,Dentistry ,medicine ,Sarcoma ,business - Abstract
Background: Renal allograft recipients develop several complications such as infections and neoplasms. New onset diabetes mellitus is a common transplant complication but rarely coexist with Kaposi sarcoma. Case report: We report the case of a 42-year-old banker who presented with polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss and dark spots in the lower limbs 8 months after he had received a live-related kidney transplant in India. He is not a known diabetic and had no family history of diabetes mellitus. His post-transplant immunosuppressive drugs included Myfortic® (mycophenolate), tacrolimus and prednisolone. At presentation he was wasted, dehydrated and afebrile, with multiple hyperpigmented nodules and plaques in both his lower limbs. Random blood glucose was 38mmol/l, had 2+ glucosuria and no ketones. Biopsy of skin lesions showed features of Kaposi sarcoma. A diagnosis of post-transplant diabetes mellitus and Kaposi sarcoma was made. His treatment included soluble insulin and antibiotics. Tacrolimus was changed to sirolimus and mycophenolate was reduced to 360mg twice daily. Conclusion: Coexistence of diabetes mellitus and karposi sarcoma occurs rarely among kidney transplant recipients. Evaluation of transplant recipient who developed diabetes for malignancies such as karposi sarcoma will improve patient and graft survival.
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- 2020
43. Primary Kaposi sarcoma of the glans: A rare case in an HIV‐negative patient
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Farahnaz Bidari-Zerehpoosh, Farnaz Araghi, Zahra Asadi-Kani, Mohammadreza Tabary, and Reza M. Robati
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,lcsh:Medicine ,Case Report ,Case Reports ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,medicine.disease_cause ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Rare case ,medicine ,Glans ,glans penis ,HHV‐8 ,lcsh:R5-920 ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,Glans penis ,virus diseases ,genitalia ,Kaposi sarcoma ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Dermatology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Sarcoma ,Presentation (obstetrics) ,business ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,Penis - Abstract
First presentation of the Kaposi sarcoma (KS) on the penis is not prevalent, and it was reported in 2%‐3% of the cases that mostly occurred in the HIV‐positive patients. Here, we report a case of primary KS on the glans penis in an HIV‐negative patient.
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- 2020
44. Kaposi Sarcoma mimicking pedal osteomyelitis in a patient with HIV
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Ahmad Alkhasawneh, Swati Sharma, Chandana Kurra, Christine Palma, Kristin Taylor, Mauricio Hernandez, Marsela Hyska-Campbell, and Paul Wasserman
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lcsh:Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Axial skeleton ,Sternum ,lcsh:R895-920 ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,medicine.disease_cause ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,Kaposi Sarcoma ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Bone ,Pelvis ,Rib cage ,business.industry ,Foot ,Osteomyelitis ,HIV ,virus diseases ,medicine.disease ,AIDS ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Musculoskeletal ,Radiology ,Sarcoma ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Kaposi Sarcoma (KS) is an angio-proliferative mesenchymal neoplasm that typically affects the skin. In the setting of AIDS, it is usually disseminated, commonly involving noncutaneous sites like oral cavity, lymph nodes, pulmonary, and gastrointestinal systems. Musculoskeletal system involvement by KS is rare, and when encountered, it typically involves the axial skeleton (vertebrae, ribs, sternum, and pelvis) and/or maxillofacial bones. This report describes an unusual case of a 44-year old patient with HIV, who presented with a foot ulcer that fit the typical clinical features of osteomyelitis until MRI of the foot demonstrated atypical findings that challenged the original clinical diagnosis. This case highlights the role that advanced diagnostic imaging plays in the diagnosis of musculoskeletal Kaposi Sarcoma and serves as a reminder to radiologists to include Kaposi Sarcoma in the differential of multifocal osteolytic lesions in patients with HIV. Keywords: Kaposi Sarcoma, HIV, AIDS, Bone, Foot, Osteomyelitis
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- 2019
45. Colesional cutaneous talaromycosis (penicilliosis) and Kaposi sarcoma in an HIV‐infected patient
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Amizatul Aini Salleh, Huzlinda Hussin, Shau-Kong Lai, Ikmal Hisyam Bakrin, and Lii-Jye Tan
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Medicine (General) ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Diagnostic test ,Case Report ,General Medicine ,Histopathological examination ,medicine.disease ,Dermatology ,Multiple pathologies ,Patient management ,Kaposi Sarcoma ,Penicilliosis ,R5-920 ,Hiv infected ,Medicine ,Sarcoma ,business ,Talaromycosis ,HIV infections ,Skin - Abstract
HIV‐infected patients are at high risk of multiple pathologies. Accurate identification of multiple colesional pathologies is critical for the patient management. We report a distinctive case of colesional cutaneous talaromycosis and Kaposi sarcoma. Prudent histopathological examination and judicious use of adjunct diagnostic test are essential for the diagnosis., The case details the features of colesional cutaneous talaromycosis and Kaposi sarcoma. Prudent histopathological examination and judicious use of adjunct diagnostic test are essential for the diagnosis.
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- 2021
46. Kaposi Sarcoma as Presentation of HIV – A Clinical Case
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Rita Costa, Margarida Mota, Renata Monteiro, Leonor Silva, and Filipa Santos
- Subjects
Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Cardiomyopathy ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,Infectious Disease ,hiv ,medicine.disease_cause ,paclitaxel ,kaposi sarcoma ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,medicine ,Chemotherapy ,business.industry ,General Engineering ,virus diseases ,opportunistic infections ,medicine.disease ,Oncology ,haart ,HIV/AIDS ,Sarcoma ,Clinical case ,Presentation (obstetrics) ,business ,cardiomyopathy - Abstract
Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is the most common neoplasm of people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Although, in the antiretroviral therapy (ART) era, KS is a rare form of presentation of HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The authors present a case of disseminated KS in a 23-year-old male. Just after the diagnosis the patient started ART and then chemotherapy with placlitaxel with clinical improvement. This case is highly representative of the complexity of HIV. The authors aim to bring awareness of an unusual form of presentation of HIV, and recall the severity and the necessity of an early diagnosis and treatment.
- Published
- 2021
47. Therapeutic management of a symptomatic Kaposi’s sarcoma patient with renal failure undergoing haemodialysis: A case report
- Author
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Raffaele Conca, Giandomenico Roviello, Michele Aieta, Anna Passarelli, Giovanna Galdo, and Teresa Pellegrino
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Internal medicine ,RL1-803 ,medicine ,Dermatology ,Kaposi sarcoma ,human herpesvirus 8 ,chronic renal impairment ,haemodialysis ,pomalidomide ,medicine.disease ,business ,Kaposi's sarcoma - Abstract
Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is a rare inflammation-based vascular cancer involving the skin. The viral aetiology of KS is the human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8). KS may be frequently diagnosed in immunosuppressed kidney-transplanted patients, while is less common in patients with dialysis. It is known that various immunological abnormalities can lead to impaired immune status in uremic patients. It is noteworthy that despite the incidence of KS in patients with renal impairment, only few cases have reported efficacy and safety profile of KS targeting anti-cancer drugs in this kidney disease population. Herein, we report the first case of a symptomatic KS patient with renal disease in haemodialysis and focus on its therapeutic management. We also review the main data available from literature regarding the safety of KS therapy in dialysis patients.
- Published
- 2021
48. Human Herpesvirus 8 Genotype E in Patients with Kaposi Sarcoma, Peru
- Author
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Olivier Cassar, Marie-Lise Blondot, Salim Mohanna, Gregory Jouvion, Francisco Bravo, Vicente Maco, Renan Duprez, Michel Huerre, Eduardo Gotuzzo, and Antoine Gessain
- Subjects
Human herpesvirus 8 ,HHV-8 ,Kaposi sarcoma ,epidemiology ,molecular epidemiology ,Peru ,Medicine ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
To determine human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) K1 genotypes in patients with Kaposi sarcoma (KS) from Peru, we characterized HHV-8 in 25 KS biopsy samples. Our findings of 8 A, 1 B, 14 C, and 2 E subtypes showed high HHV-8 diversity in these patients and association between E genotype and KS development.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Successful treatment of nodular human immunodeficiency virus–associated Kaposi sarcoma of the foot utilizing combination intralesional bleomycin and cryotherapy
- Author
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Maia K. Erickson and Jennifer N. Choi
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,Cryotherapy ,Case Report ,Dermatology ,Bleomycin ,medicine.disease_cause ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,cART, combined antiretroviral therapy ,lcsh:Dermatology ,medicine ,KS, Kaposi sarcoma ,bleomycin ,business.industry ,HIV ,Kaposi sarcoma ,lcsh:RL1-803 ,medicine.disease ,intralesional ,HIV, human immunodeficiency virus ,chemistry ,Sarcoma ,business ,Foot (unit) - Published
- 2021
50. Seroprevalence of Kaposi Sarcoma–associated Herpesvirus and Other Serologic Markers in the Brazilian Amazon
- Author
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Maria C. Nascimento, Laura M. Sumita, Vanda U. Souza, Helen A. Weiss, Juliane Oliveira, Melissa Mascheretti, Mariana Quiroga, Rodrigo A.R. Vela, Nuno R. Faria, Claudio S. Pannuti, and Philippe Mayaud
- Subjects
Virus ,Kaposi sarcoma ,herpesvirus ,human herpesvirus type 8 ,Amerindian ,epidemiology ,Medicine ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
To determine the presence of Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and other serologic markers, we tested serum specimens of 339 Amerindians, 181 rural non-Amerindians, and 1,133 urban blood donors (13 Amerindians) in the Brazilian Amazon. High KSHV seroprevalence in children and inverse association with herpes simplex virus type 2 indicates predominant nonsexual transmission among Amerindians.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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