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Opisan je slučaj pacijentice s kliničkom slikom opsežnih oralnih lezija nakon što je počela s terapijom Lamotriginom. Kliničkom slikom dominirale su bilateralna facijalna oteklina i oteklina mentalnog prostora s aktivno secernirajućom ekstraoralnom fistulom u središnjem području brade. Doktori dentalne medicine trebali bi biti svjesni rizika povezanih s ovim lijekom te bi trebali uočiti rizičnu populaciju među pacijentima koji boluju od epilepsije, bipolarnog poremećaja i neuroloških poremećaja., We report on a patient who presented with extensive oral lesions. The treatment with lamotrigine is described. The patient presented with bilateral facial swellings and mental space swelling with actively draining extra oral sinus tract in the central chin area. Dental medicine professionals should be aware of the risks involved with using this medication, and should recognize the population at risk among patients suffering from epilepsy, bipolar and neurologic disorders.

Objective To estimate four radiomorphometric indices of mandibular bones in an 18th century population sample, and possibly associate the findings with bone mass loss related to sex, age, nutritional habits and pathologies reflecting on the bone. Design Thirty-six sculls (31 males, 5 females), recovered from the crypt of Požega Cathedral in Croatia were analyzed. Age estimation was based on tooth wear, and Eichner class was determined according to the number of occlusal supporting zones. The parameters in recording analogue orthopantomographs were set to constant current of 16 mA, exposure time of 14.1 s, and voltage between 62–78 kV. Films were processed in an automatic dark chamber processor for 12 min, and digitized at 8-bit, 300 dpi. The thickness of the mandibular cortex was assessed below the mental foramen (MI), at antegonion (AI), at gonion (GI). Qualitative mandibular cortical index (MCI) was assessed. Results Average values of MI, AI and GI were 3.97 ± 0.94 mm, 2.98 ± 0.56 mm, and 1.99 ± 0.55 mm, respectively. Statistically significant differences between males and females were found for AI right (p = 0.014), GI left (p = 0.010) and GI average (p = 0.006), and were in all cases higher in males. There were no statistically significant differences between age groups for either index (p > 0.05). Considering Eichner classification the differences were not significant for MI (p = 0.422), AI (p = 0.516), and GI (p = 0.443), but in Eichner classes II, MCI was significantly higher (p = 0.02). Conclusion The obtained data does not suggest generalized malnutrition or calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D deprivation in the historic population studied.

The purpose of this study was to determine the range of threshold responses of healthy dental pulps and test the reproducibility of the electric pulp test (EPT). Forty‐nine dental students participated in the study. Sound teeth in both arches, except third molars, were included. The teeth were isolated using cotton rolls and dried with compressed air, and the threshold responses were recorded. Participants stopped the stimulus increase by pressing the switch at the first sensation of discomfort. The measurements were repeated after 30 days. The obtained data were analysed using SPSS®16.0. The mean thresholds for the maxillary incisors, canines, premolars and molars were 10.77, 21.07, 21.88 and 34.07 μA, and for mandibular incisors, canines, premolars and molars 9.81, 18.7, 19.24 and 30.1 μA respectively. The differences between the two measurements were statistically significant for teeth 32, 31, 41 and 42. The EPT was shown to be reproducible for all the teeth tested except mandibular incisors.

Objective: The objective of the study, which consisted of a motivational lecture and hands-on training, was to evaluate the role of oral hygiene education for adolescents. Methods: The study population included sixty-two high school students between fourteen and fifteen years of age (thirty males and thirty-two females). The response rate was 76.5%. The measurement of oral hygiene level was performed using the modified Green Vermilion Index (GVI). The values were recorded at baseline, one week, three months, and six months after education through motivational lecture and hands-on training was performed. Descriptive and nonparametric statistical methods were used in statistical analysis. Level of significance was 0.05. Results: At the beginning of the study, the GVI of all examined subjects was 3.52 (SD = 0.70). One week after the motivational lecture and training, it decreased to 2.64 (SD = 0.69). Three months later, the level of plaque index had the lowest value (1.44; SD = 0.66). At the end of the study the level of plaque index increased to 2.52 (SD = 0.86). Conclusions: A significant oral hygiene improvement in adolescents as a result of education was presented. However, due to a decline in oral hygiene level six months after the education, there is a need for educational programmes continuity.

The primary objective of this study was to compare the dentin ablation volume and ablation rate of quantum square pulse (QSP), using two different pulse energy settings plus a new digitally controlled dental laser handpiece (X-Runner), with those of variable square pulse (VSP), using three different pulse durations. The secondary objective was to examine, by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the surface effects of ablation with the different Er:YAG laser modes on the dentin surfaces.The available literature has limited data on the efficiency of different operating modes, pulse durations, and the new digitally controlled handpiece of the Er:YAG laser on human dentin.Freshly extracted human molars (n = 72) were divided into two experimental groups (n = 36 each): (1) QSP group, and (2) VSP group. Each group was randomly divided into three subgroups (n = 12 each). In the QSP group, preparations in dentin were performed using 250 and 500 mJ of pulse energy with the conventional handpiece, and with the X-Runner handpiece set at 250 mJ pulse energy. In the VSP group, cavity preparations were performed using three pulse variables: super short pulse (SSP), micro short pulse (MSP), and short pulse (SP). Cavity preparations were made in dentin at time intervals of 1, 2, and 5 sec. A laser triangulation profilometer was used to determine cavity volumes. Surface analysis of the ablated dentin specimens was performed by SEM.For time intervals of 1 and 2 sec, ablated volume and ablation rate for QSP-500 mJ were significantly higher than for all other groups (p 0.0001). For the 5-sec time interval, X-Runner and QSP-500 mJ were the most efficient in dentin ablation (p 0.0001). Dentin surfaces were free of smear layer in all groups.The most efficient modes of dentin ablation in the study were the QSP-500 mJ and X-Runner groups. Dentin surfaces were free of smear layer in all groups.

The purpose of the research was to compare oral health behavior and plaque indices between Croatian first-year and final-year dental students. Therefore, 46.9% of first-year and 47% of final-year dental students were surveyed using the Hiroshima University Dental Behavior Inventory (HU-DBI) questionnaire and had their plaque indices determined. Descriptive statistics analysis, nonparametric tests, and correlation analysis were performed (p

Svrha: Epidemiološka istraživanja u mnogim zemljama pokazuju neravnomjernu raspodjelu oralnih bolesti u populaciji – primarno karijesa, te je zato glavna svrha ovoga presječnog istraživanja bila dobiti relevantne podatke oralnog statusa populacije u Kninu i okolici određene prema smjernicama SZO-a. Ispitanici i metode: U istraživanje je bilo uključeno 414 ispitanika u dobi od 18 do 65 godina. Zabilježeni podatci uključivali su opću anamnezu, ekstraoralni status, status oralne sluznice, status temporpomandibularnih zglobova, zubni, parodontni i protetski status, te jesu li potrebni restaurativni zahvati. Obavljena je i usporedba među različitim grupama, ovisno o dobi, spolu, stupnju obrazovanja i podrijetlu. Rezultati: Prosječno je KEP indeks bio 17,3, zatim 1,7 – karijes, 6,2 – ispuni i 9,4 – ekstrahirani zubi. SIC indeks iznosio je 26,4. Razlika je bila značajna u grupama prema dobi i stupnju obrazovanja (p < 0,001). Postotak osoba s najvišim zbrojem CPI-a od 0 do 4 bio je 27,3, 16,9, 36,5, 16,4, i 2, 2,9 posto. Razlika između dobnih grupa u CPI vrijednostima bila je statistički značajna, a razlika ovisno o spolu i podrijetlu nije bila značajna (p = 0,001). Zaključak: Populacija u Kninu i okolici ima vrlo loš oralni status, najvjerojatnije zbog posljedica rata 1990-ih godina i ekonomske tranzicije te zato što nema nacionalnog programa za promicanje oralnoga zdravlja., The aim: Epidemiologic studies in many countries show uneven distribution of oral diseases (primarily caries) within the population. This is why more studies are oriented towards specific regions or subpopulations instead of large scale national surveys. The major purpose of this cross sectional study was to obtain relevant data about the oral status of the population of Knin and its surroundings according to the WHO criteria. Subjects and methods: The study included 414 participants aged between 18 and 65. The recorded variables included general anamnestic data, extraoral status, oral mucosa status, temporomandibular joint status, dental, periodontal and prosthetic status, and the need for dental restoration. The comparison between different groups regarding age, gender, educational level and origin was made. Results: DMFT index was 17.3 – with on average 1.7 caries, 6.2 fillings, and 9.4 teeth extracted. SiC index equaled 26.4. The difference was significant regarding the level of education and age (p

Background. Keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT) is a benign, yet aggressive odontogenic tumor. Herein, proteome analysis of KCOT lesions in comparison with control patient-matched tissue unaffected by the disease and with inflammatory odontogenic cysts, namely radicular cysts is presented. Methods. For the proteomics profiling, two complementary proteomics techniques MALDI-MS/MS and LC-ESI-MS/MS were employed. Potential candidate biomarkers were validated by immunohistochemistry. Results. More than 43 proteins were found to be differentially expressed or up-regulated in KCOT lesions in comparison with patient-matched unaffected oral mucosa. These proteins bear important biological functions and are involved in cell proliferation, cytoskeletal re-organization, transcription, cellular motility and apoptosis. In particular, a number of differentially expressed proteins participate in autocrine regulation and signalization within JNK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. Conclusions. Immunohistochemical validation of chosen putative biomarkers revealed axin interaction partner and dorsalization- antagonist (AIDA), known as a protein that blocks activation of JNK signalling pathway , as a differential biomarker for KCOT lesions on an independent cohort of KCOT tissue samples in comparison with most prevalet intraoseal lesions inflammatory odontogenic cysts.

Svrha rada: Željela se ispitati djelotvornost 0,2-postotnog poliheksametilenova bigvanida (PHMB) u eliminaciji Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa i Candida albicans te ga usporediti s učinkovitošću 2,5-postotnog natrijeva hipoklorita (NaOCl). Materijali i metode: Na četrdeset osam jednokorijenskih zuba uklonjeni su krune i apikalni dijelovi te su korijenskih kanali instrumentirani Hedström strugaËima do veličine 40. Šesnaest uzoraka inokulirano je bujonskom kulturom E. faecalis (ATCC 51299), P. aeruginosa (ATCC27853) i C. albicans (klinički izolat). Nakon 48-satne inkubacije i ispiranja fiziološkom otopinom uzeti su uzorci dentina iz korijenskih kanala Hedströmovim iglicama veličine 50 i to prije ispiranja 0,2-postotnim PHMB-om i 2,5-postotnim NaOCl-om i nakon toga postupka. Uzorci su zatim preneseni u epruvete s 2 mL sterilne fiziološke otopine i deseterostrukim razrjeđenjem, te su prebačeni na krvni agar nakon 30 sekundi vorteksiranja. Nakon 48-satne inkubacije na 37 ° C prebrojene su bakterijske kolonije po mililitru (CFU/ml). Za statističku analizu korišten je Kruskal-Wallisov test (p, Objective of work: The objective of this study was to test the effectiveness of 0.2% polyhexamethylen biguanide in the elimination of Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans and compare it with effectiveness of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite. Materials and Methods: Crown and apical portion of forty- eight single-rooted human teeth was removed and the root canals instrumented with Hedström files up to size 40. Sixteen specimens were inoculated with an overnight broth culture of E.faecalis (ATCC 51299), P.aeruginosa (ATCC27853) and C.albicans (clinical isolate). After 48 h incubation and irrigation with saline, dentine samples were collected from root canal walls with Hedström files size 50 before and after irrigation with 0.2% PHMB and 2.5% NaOCl followed by irrigation with neutralizer and saline. Samples were put into vials containing 2 mL of sterile saline and tenfold dilution, and plated on blood agar after 30 s vortexing. Colony forming units (CFU) were counted after 48 h incubation at 37ºC. For statistical analysis Kruskal-Wallis test (p

Apical periodontitis (AP) is a result of microbial contamination of periapical tissues that originates from a necrotic dental pulp or inadequately treated root canals (1-3). Diagnostic criteria for AP include the presence of symptoms and clinical signs during clinical examination and analysis of radiographs (periapical or panoramic). Radiographic analysis is important because AP in its chronic form is often overlooked and left untreated. Despite the relatively low risk of exacerbations (less than 5%), the influence of AP on remote organs and tissues persists even in its sub-acute chronic form (4). The outcome of endodontic therapy is assessed radiographically (5), but due to high availability and reliability, radiographs are also suitable for epidemiological studies. The prevalence of AP among adults in different populations is well documented in the literature, especially in the Scandinavian countries (6-11). The prevalence of AP positively correlated with age and this tendency will presumably increase because of an increase in dentate population (6). Multi-rooted teeth have a higher prevalence of AP than single-rooted teeth, especially molars (12). Factors that determine the outcome of endodontic treatment are length and quality of endodontic filling and post-endodontic restoration of the tooth (13-15). Nevertheless, epidemiological studies performed worldwide show that AP is present in 22-65% of root-filled teeth (14-17). The crucial factor for a successful healing of the periapical region is adequate root canal therapy with complete obturation of the root canal less than 2 mm from the external apical foramen (14-17). Another factor influencing the prevalence of AP is the quality of coronal restorations. Teeth with inadequate restorations were associated with greater occurrence of AP (8,18-20). So far, many studies on the prevalence of AP and its association with various factors have been done worldwide, but not one has been conducted in this part of Europe. Since epidemiologic data are essential for population health assessment, future health care planning, and funding, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of AP and the quality of root canal fillings in the population of the city of Zagreb, Croatia.

Objective: The aim was to examine dental and periodontal status of adult Croatian 18th century population and compare the results with available literature data. Materials and methods: 104 specimens from the crypt of Poz y ega cathedral were grouped into three female and three male groups according to age. Caries was determined by visual inspection and dental probe. Ante and post mortem teeth losses were recorded. Periodontal status was determined according to the length of exposed tooth root from alveolar crest to cemento-enamel junction. The presence of dehiscences and fenestrations was recorded on facial and oral plate of alveolar bone. Results: The whole sample exhibited ante- and post mortem teeth loss of 19.57% and 24.91%, respectively. The teeth most frequently lost postmortem were incisors. The canines were best preserved. The frequency of caries in both jaws was the highest in molars (26.63% in maxilla and 28.10% in mandible), whilst central incisors exhibited the least carious lesions (11.59 and 1.92%). The most frequently affected surfaces were occlusal, then proximal and facio-oral. The percentage of teeth with either moderate or considerable bone loss was higher in females. The frequency of considerable bone loss increased significantly with age. The frequency of dehiscences was 3.11%. It was higher in maxilla than in the mandible. The frequency of fenestrations was 5.65% and it was significantly higher in maxilla. Conclusions: The results demonstrate poor oral health amongst 18th century population of continental Croatia, exhibiting high antemortem teeth loss, high periodontal disease frequency and occlusal and proximal caries frequency.