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1. Sensitivity of Legionella pneumophila to phthalates and their substitutes

Author

Alexandre Crépin, Audrey Thiroux, Aurélien Alafaci, Amine M. Boukerb, Izelenn Dufour, Eirini Chrysanthou, Joanne Bertaux, Ali Tahrioui, Alexis Bazire, Sophie Rodrigues, Laure Taupin, Marc Feuilloley, Alain Dufour, Jocelyne Caillon, Olivier Lesouhaitier, Sylvie Chevalier, Jean-Marc Berjeaud, and Julien Verdon

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Phthalates constitute a family of anthropogenic chemicals developed to be used in the manufacture of plastics, solvents, and personal care products. Their dispersion and accumulation in many environments can occur at all stages of their use (from synthesis to recycling). However, many phthalates together with other accumulated engineered chemicals have been shown to interfere with hormone activities. These compounds are also in close contact with microorganisms that are free-living, in biofilms or in microbiota, within multicellular organisms. Herein, the activity of several phthalates and their substitutes were investigated on the opportunistic pathogen Legionella pneumophila, an aquatic microbe that can infect humans. Beside showing the toxicity of some phthalates, data suggested that Acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC) and DBP (Di-n-butyl phthalate) at environmental doses (i.e. 10–6 M and 10–8 M) can modulate Legionella behavior in terms of motility, biofilm formation and response to antibiotics. A dose of 10–6 M mostly induced adverse effects for the bacteria, in contrast to a dose of 10–8 M. No perturbation of virulence towards Acanthamoeba castellanii was recorded. These behavioral alterations suggest that L. pneumophila is able to sense ATBC and DBP, in a cross-talk that either mimics the response to a native ligand, or dysregulates its physiology.

Published
2023
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2. Interleukin-33 and RANK-L Interplay in the Alveolar Bone Loss Associated to Periodontitis.

Author

Olivier Lapérine, Alexandra Cloitre, Jocelyne Caillon, Olivier Huck, Isaac Maximiliano Bugueno, Paul Pilet, Sophie Sourice, Elodie Le Tilly, Gaby Palmer, Jean-Luc Davideau, Valérie Geoffroy, Jérôme Guicheux, Sarah Beck-Cormier, and Philippe Lesclous

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Chronic Periodontitis (CP) is an inflammatory disease of bacterial origin that results in alveolar bone destruction. Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), one of the main periopathogens, initiates an inflammatory cascade by host immune cells thereby increasing recruitment and activity of osteoclasts, the bone resorbing cells, through enhanced production of the crucial osteoclastogenic factor, RANK-L. Antibodies directed against some cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) failed to exhibit convincing therapeutic effect in CP. It has been suggested that IL-33, could be of interest in CP.the present study aims to analyze whether and how IL-33 and RANK-L and/or their interplay are involved in the bone destruction associated to CP.mRNAs and protein expressions of IL-33 and RANK-L were analyzed in healthy and CP human gingival samples by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and RT-qPCR. Murine experimental periodontitis (EP) was induced using Pg infected ligature and Pg free ligature around the first maxillary molar. Alveolar bone loss was recorded by μCT. Mouse gingival explants were stimulated for 24 hours with IL-33 and RANK-L mRNA expression investigated by RT-qPCR. Human oral epithelial cells were infected by Pg for 6, 12; 24 hours and IL-33 and RANK-L mRNA expressions were analyzed by RT-qPCR.IL-33 is overexpressed in gingival epithelial cells in human affected by CP as in the murine EP. In human as in murine gingival cells, RANK-L was independently induced by Pg and IL-33. We also showed that the Pg-dependent RANK-L expression in gingival epithelial cells occured earlier than that of IL-33.Our results evidence that IL-33 overexpression in gingival epithelial cells is associated with CP and may trigger RANK-L expression in addition to a direct effect of Pg. Finally, IL-33 may act as an extracellular alarmin (danger signal) showing proinflammatory properties in CP perpetuating bone resorption induced by Pg infection.

Published
2016
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3. Diffusion of ofloxacin in the endocarditis vegetation assessed with synchrotron radiation UV fluorescence microspectroscopy.

Author

Eric Batard, Fréderic Jamme, Sandrine Villette, Cédric Jacqueline, Marie-France de la Cochetière, Jocelyne Caillon, and Matthieu Réfrégiers

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

The diffusion of antibiotics in endocarditis vegetation bacterial masses has not been described, although it may influence the efficacy of antibiotic therapy in endocarditis. The objective of this work was to assess the diffusion of ofloxacin in experimental endocarditis vegetation bacterial masses using synchrotron-radiation UV fluorescence microspectroscopy. Streptococcal endocarditis was induced in 5 rabbits. Three animals received an unique i.v. injection of 150 mg/kg ofloxacin, and 2 control rabbits were left untreated. Two fluorescence microscopes were coupled to a synchrotron beam for excitation at 275 nm. A spectral microscope collected fluorescence spectra between 285 and 550 nm. A second, full field microscope was used with bandpass filters at 510-560 nm. Spectra of ofloxacin-treated vegetations presented higher fluorescence between 390 and 540 nm than control. Full field imaging showed that ofloxacin increased fluorescence between 510 and 560 nm. Ofloxacin diffused into vegetation bacterial masses, although it accumulated in their immediate neighborhood. Fluorescence images additionally suggested an ofloxacin concentration gradient between the vegetation peripheral and central areas. In conclusion, ofloxacin diffuses into vegetation bacterial masses, but it accumulates in their immediate neighborhood. Synchrotron radiation UV fluorescence microscopy is a new tool for assessment of antibiotic diffusion in the endocarditis vegetation bacterial masses.

Published
2011
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4. CpG-ODN and MPLA prevent mortality in a murine model of post-hemorrhage-Staphyloccocus aureus pneumonia.

Author

Antoine Roquilly, Laetitia Gautreau, Jean Pierre Segain, Pierre de Coppet, Véronique Sebille, Cédric Jacqueline, Jocelyne Caillon, Gilles Potel, Corinne Lejus, Régis Josien, and Karim Asehnoune

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Infections are the most frequent cause of complications in trauma patients. Post-traumatic immune suppression (IS) exposes patients to pneumonia (PN). The main pathogen involved in PN is Methicillin Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). Dendritic cells () may be centrally involved in the IS. We assessed the consequences of hemorrhage on pneumonia outcomes and investigated its consequences on DCs functions. A murine model of hemorrhagic shock with a subsequent MSSA pneumonia was used. Hemorrhage decreased the survival rate of infected mice, increased systemic dissemination of sepsis and worsened inflammatory lung lesions. The mRNA expression of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), Interferon-beta (IFN-β) and Interleukin (IL)-12p40 were mitigated for hemorrhaged-mice. The effects of hemorrhage on subsequent PN were apparent on the pDCs phenotype (reduced MHC class II, CD80, and CD86 molecule membrane expression). In addition, hemorrhage dramatically decreased CD8(+) cDCs- and CD8(-) cDCs-induced allogeneic T-cell proliferation during PN compared with mice that did not undergo hemorrhage. In conclusion, hemorrhage increased morbidity and mortality associated with PN; induced severe phenotypic disturbances of the pDCs subset and functional alterations of the cDCs subset. After hemorrhage, a preventive treatment with CpG-ODN or Monophosphoryl Lipid A increased transcriptional activity in DCs (TNF-α, IFN-β and IL-12p40) and decreased mortality of post-hemorrhage MSSA pneumonia.

Published
2010
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5. Decreasing proportion of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase among E. coli infections during the COVID-19 pandemic in France

Author

Thomas Coeffic, S. Thibaut, Gabriel Birgand, Jocelyne Caillon, Melanie Colomb Cotinat, and Olivier Lemenand

Subjects
Adult, Male, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), medicine.medical_treatment, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Primary care, beta-Lactamases, Young Adult, Antibiotic resistance, Epidemiology, Pandemic, Escherichia coli, Humans, Medicine, Child, Pandemics, Escherichia coli Infections, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, COVID-19, Infant, Interrupted time series, Middle Aged, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Infectious Diseases, Child, Preschool, Communicable Disease Control, Beta-lactamase, Female, France, Nursing homes, business, Demography
Abstract

We investigated the impact of the COVID-19 and national pandemic response on the epidemiology of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase producing E. coli (ESBL-E.coli) in France.Individual microbiology records from clinical laboratories were analyzed between 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2020. The ESBL-E.coli rates from clinical samples of patients in primary care and nursing home residents were compared before and after the general lockdown in March 2020, according to demographic and geographical characteristics. Interrupted time series analyses were performed to detect measurable changes in the trend of ESBL-E.coli rates.Records covering 793,954 E. coli isolates from 1022 clinical laboratories were analyzed. In primary care, 3.1% of E. coli isolates from clinical samples were producing ESBL before March 2020 and 2.9% since May 2020 (p 0.001). The proportion of ESBL-E.coli decreased significantly among urine cultures, females, age categories 5-19, 40-64, 65 year-old, and in the North, West, East and South-East regions. In nursing home, the ESBL-E.coli rate was 9.3% (monthly rate min-max: 6.5-10.5%) before March 2020 and 8.3% (7.2-9.1%) since May 2020 (p 0.001). The reduction rate accelerated from -0.04%/month to -0.22%/month from May 2020 (p 0.001).Investigation of factors that led to the decreased proportion of ESBL-E.coli during the COVID-19 pandemic is urgently needed.

Published
2021

6. Local characteristics associated with higher prevalence of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in community-acquired urinary tract infections: an observational, cross-sectional study

Author

Stéphanie Larramendy, François Beaudeau, Jocelyne Caillon, Leïla Moret, Jean-Pascal Fournier, Aurélie Gaultier, Université de Nantes (UN), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Département de médecine générale [Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales], Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Thérapeutiques cliniques et expérimentales des infections (EA 3826) (EA 3826), MethodS in Patients-centered outcomes and HEalth ResEarch (SPHERE), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Biologie, Epidémiologie et analyse de risque en Santé Animale (BIOEPAR), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Université de Tours-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Veterinary medicine, Swine, Cross-sectional study, medicine.drug_class, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Urinary system, Cephalosporin, Antibiotics, Urine, medicine.disease_cause, beta-Lactamases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Bayesian multivariate linear regression, Escherichia coli, Prevalence, medicine, Animals, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), 030212 general & internal medicine, Escherichia coli Infections, 2. Zero hunger, Pharmacology, 0303 health sciences, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, bacterial infections and mycoses, Anti-Bacterial Agents, 3. Good health, Community-Acquired Infections, Cross-Sectional Studies, Infectious Diseases, Urinary Tract Infections, Observational study, France, business
Abstract

Objectives The prevalence of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-E. coli) in community-acquired urinary tract infections (UTI) has been increasing worldwide since 2000, but with large geographical variations. The aim of this study was to determine whether the ESBL-E. coli rate in urine samples from individuals with community-acquired UTI was associated with the local socio-economic, environmental, agricultural and healthcare characteristics. Methods This was a cross-sectional study in western France using data on antibiotic susceptibility of E. coli isolated from urine samples of individuals with community-acquired UTI analysed in non-hospital laboratories from 2015 to 2017. The ESBL-E. coli rate was calculated for each laboratory. Data on socio-economic characteristics, human antibiotic consumption, hospital bed density, animal farming density and percentage of agricultural land and surface water were retrieved at the municipality level and aggregated by study area. Their association with ESBL-E. coli prevalence was quantified using multivariate linear regression models with a backward selection. Results From 358 291 E. coli isolates from urine samples tested in 92 laboratories, the mean ESBL-E. coli prevalence for the study period was 3.30%. In an adjusted model, the ESBL-E. coli rate was significantly (P 65 years old, third-generation cephalosporin use (DDD/1000 inhabitants), number of hospital beds/km2, poultry density, pig density and percentage of agricultural land. Lower deprivation was associated with a higher ESBL-E. coli rate. Conclusions Several anthropogenic factors (primary care, hospitals and animal farming) are associated with the local ESBL-E. coli rate in community-acquired UTI. These results could contribute to improve risk management, including identification of at-risk patient groups.

Published
2020

7. Risk Factors of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases-Producing Escherichia coli Community Acquired Urinary Tract Infections: A Systematic Review

Author

Valentine Deglaire, Stéphanie Larramendy, Jocelyne Caillon, François Beaudeau, Leïla Moret, Jean-Pascal Fournier, and Paul Dusollier

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Pharmacology, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine.drug_class, Urinary system, 030106 microbiology, Antibiotics, MEDLINE, Odds ratio, Cochrane Library, bacterial infections and mycoses, 3. Good health, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Infectious Diseases, Systematic review, Internal medicine, medicine, Pharmacology (medical), Observational study, 030212 general & internal medicine, Risk factor, business
Abstract

Purpose The prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) has been increasing worldwide since the early 2000s. E. coli is found in 70-90% of community-acquired urinary tract infections (CA-UTIs). We performed a systematic literature review to determine the risk factors for CA-UTI caused by ESBL-EC. Methods We searched the MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Embase and Web of Science databases without language or date restriction up to March 2019. Two independent reviewers selected studies with quantified risk factors for CA-UTI due to ESBL-EC, and assessed their quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results Among the 5,597 studies identified, 16 observational studies (n=12,138 patients) met the eligibility criteria. The included studies were performed in various countries, and 14/16 were published after 2012. The most relevant risk factors for CA-UTI due to ESBL-EC identified were prior use of antibiotics (odds ratio (OR) from 2.2 to 21.4), previous hospitalization (OR: 1.7 to 3.9), and UTI history (OR: 1.3 to 3.8). Two risk factors were related to environmental contamination: travelling abroad, and swimming in freshwater. Conclusion Our findings could allow adapting empiric antibiotic treatments according to the patient profile. Further studies are needed to quantify the relationships between CA-UTI due to ESBL-EC and the environment.

Published
2020

8. A murine model of <scp> Staphylococcus aureus </scp> infected chronic diabetic wound: A new tool to develop alternative therapeutics

Author

Jean-François Huon, Benjamin Gaborit, Jocelyne Caillon, David Boutoille, and Dominique Navas

Subjects
Staphylococcus aureus, Time Factors, Spleen, Dermatology, medicine.disease_cause, Diabetes Complications, Mice, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, Diabetes mellitus, Skin Ulcer, medicine, Animals, Wound Healing, integumentary system, business.industry, Staphylococcal Infections, medicine.disease, Streptozotocin, Disease Models, Animal, Chronic infection, medicine.anatomical_structure, Bacteremia, Chronic Disease, Immunology, Wound Infection, Female, Surgery, Wound healing, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Diabetic wound infection is a frequent complication that may result in limb amputation. To develop new treatment strategies in response to increasing bacterial resistance, animal models are needed. We created a diabetic mouse model with chronically infected wounds. Diabetes was induced using streptozotocin, and wounds were performed using a biopsy punch, and then infected with a clinical strain of Staphylococcus aureus. Chronification was reached by delaying healing thanks to chemical products (aminotriazole and mercaptosuccinic acid). Overall survival, as well as clinical, bacteriological and immunological data in skin, blood and spleens were collected at days 1, 7, and 14 after wounding. After a transient bacteremia proved by bacteria presence in spleen and kidneys in the first days after wounding, infected mice showed a chronic infection, with a bioburden impairing the healing process, and bacteria persistence compared to control mice. Infected mice showed gradual increasing skin levels of IL-17A compared to control mice that resulted in an IL-17/IFN-γ inbalance, pointing out a localized Th17 polarization of the immune response. Whether infected or not, the skin level of IL-10 decreased dramatically at days 1 and 7 after wounding, with an increase observed only in the control mice at day 14. After a decrease at day 1 in both groups, spleen IL-10 showed a rather steady level at days 7 and 14 in the control group compared with the decrease observed in the infected group. The spleen IL-10/IFN-γ ratio showed a systemic inflammatory response with Th1 polarization. Therefore, this model provides useful data to study wound healing. It is easy to reproduce, affordable and offers clinical and biological tools to evaluate new therapeutics.

Published
2020

9. Clavulanate combinations with mecillinam, cefixime or cefpodoxime against ESBL-producing Enterobacterales frequently associated with blaOXA-1 in a paediatric population with febrile urinary tract infections

Author

Philippe Bidet, Anne Vachee, Aurélie Cointe, André Birgy, Emmanuel Cixous, Camille Jung, Philippe Traore, Sarah Ducrocq, Catherine Branger, Marion Decobert, Jocelyne Caillon, Benoit Starck, Said Aberrane, Sandra Timsit, Franck Labbee, Agnès Ferroni, Isabelle Andriantahina, M.-A. Dommergues, Isabelle Breant, Valérie Soussan-Banini, Marleèe Amara, François Dubos, Corinne Levy, Abdelmalek Belgaid, Hélène Garrec, Elsa Sobral, Rodrigue Dessein, Florence Doucet-Populaire, Vincent Gajdos, Irina Craiu, Valérie Sivadon-Tardy, Robert M. Cohen, Jack Breuil, Fouad Madhi, Olivier Vignaud, Stéphane Béchet, Hoang Vu-Thien, Marie Desmarest, H. Haas, Elise Launay, Sandra Biscardi, Emmanuel Grimprel, Didier Pinquier, Claire Amaris Hobson, Emilie Georget, Stéphane Bonacorsi, Anne Farges-Berth, Alain Fiacre, Aurélia Pitsch, Sophie Boyer, Bogdan Cojocaru, Laure Hees, Isabelle Poilane, Gaelle Cuzon, Laetitia Beraud, Marie-Noëlle Adam, Cécile Farrugia, and Aurélien Galerne

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Urinary system, Urine, Cefpodoxime, Gastroenterology, Pharmacokinetics, Cefixime, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Mecillinam, Child, Clavulanic Acid, Pharmacology, business.industry, Ceftizoxime, Amdinocillin, Amoxicillin, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Infectious Diseases, Urinary Tract Infections, Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Objectives Oral treatment of febrile urinary tract infections (FUTIs) can be impaired by MDR Enterobacterales often combining ESBL and inhibitor-resistant genes. We studied the impact of β-lactamases and Enterobacterales’ genotypes on the cefixime, cefpodoxime and mecillinam ± amoxicillin/clavulanate MICs. Materials and methods In this multicentric study, we included 251 previously whole-genome-sequenced ESBL-producing Enterobacterales, isolated in French children with FUTIs. The MICs of cefixime, cefpodoxime, mecillinam alone and combined with amoxicillin/clavulanate were determined and analysed with respect to genomic data. We focused especially on the isolates’ ST and their type of β-lactamases. Clinical outcomes of patients who received cefixime + amoxicillin/clavulanate were also analysed. Results All isolates were cefixime and cefpodoxime resistant. Disparities depending on blaCTX-M variants were observed for cefixime. The addition of amoxicillin/clavulanate restored susceptibility for cefixime and cefpodoxime in 97.2% (MIC50/90 of 0.38/0.75 mg/L) and 55.4% (MIC50/90 of 1/2 mg/L) of isolates, respectively, whatever the ST, the blaCTX-M variants or the association with inhibitor-resistant β-lactamases (34.2%). All isolates were susceptible to mecillinam + amoxicillin/clavulanate with MIC50/90 of 0.19/0.25 mg/L, respectively. Neither therapeutic failure nor any subsequent positive control urine culture were reported for patients who received cefixime + amoxicillin/clavulanate as an oral relay therapy (n = 54). Conclusions Despite the frequent association of ESBL genes with inhibitor-resistant β-lactamases, the cefixime + amoxicillin/clavulanate MICs remain low. The in vivo efficacy of this combination was satisfying even when first-line treatment was ineffective. Considering the MIC distributions and pharmacokinetic parameters, mecillinam + amoxicillin/clavulanate should also be an alternative to consider when treating FUTIs in children.

Published
2021

10. Phages versus Antibiotics To Treat Infected Diabetic Wounds in a Mouse Model: a Microbiological and Microbiotic Evaluation

Author

Anne-Gaëlle Leroy, Dominique Navas, Jocelyne Caillon, David Boutoille, Matthieu Grégoire, Emmanuel Montassier, Jean-François Huon, Marie-Anne Vibet, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Microbiotes, Hôtes, Antibiotiques et Résistances bactériennes (MiHAR) (MiHAR), Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), The Enteric Nervous System in gut and brain disorders [U1235] (TENS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), DCNS Group [Nantes] (DCNS-Nantes), DCNS group, Thérapeutiques cliniques et expérimentales des infections (EA 3826) (EA 3826), and NantesU M, Dépôt

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, bacteriophages, Phage therapy, Physiology, medicine.drug_class, medicine.medical_treatment, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], wound, 030106 microbiology, Antibiotics, medicine.disease_cause, Biochemistry, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Antibiotic resistance, Diabetes mellitus, Genetics, microbiota, Medicine, Molecular Biology, Pathogen, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, business.industry, Amoxicillin, Therapeutics and Prevention, medicine.disease, QR1-502, Computer Science Applications, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], 030104 developmental biology, Staphylococcus aureus, Infectious disease (medical specialty), Modeling and Simulation, business, medicine.drug, Research Article
Abstract

The management of diabetic foot infections is frequently a dead end for surgeons and infectious disease specialists. When the pathogen to be treated is not resistant to conventional antibiotics, the latter tend to unbalance the intestinal microbiota, which is linked to multiple pathologies. A local treatment with bacteriophages, in addition to being as much or even more effective than antibiotics from a clinical and microbiological point of view, makes it possible to respect the patient’s microbiota. These results suggest that the use of this therapeutic alternative is a major avenue and that the introduction of recommendations for their use is now necessary., Diabetes is marked by a range of complications, including chronic infections that can lead to limb amputation. The treatment of infected wounds is disrupted by arteriopathies that reduce tissue perfusion as well as by the critical development of bacterial resistance. We evaluated the impact of a local application of bacteriophages compared to that of a per os administration of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid in a mouse model of Staphylococcus aureus wound infection. We found that phage treatment resulted in improved clinical healing and a reduction in local bacterial load at 7 and 14 days postinfection. Unlike antibiotics, phage therapy did not deplete the intestinal microbiota of treated animals. Amoxicillin resulted in a reduction of alpha and beta diversities of the murine microbiota and disturbed architecture even 7 days after the end of treatment, whereas phage treatment did not impinge on the microbiota. IMPORTANCE The management of diabetic foot infections is frequently a dead end for surgeons and infectious disease specialists. When the pathogen to be treated is not resistant to conventional antibiotics, the latter tend to unbalance the intestinal microbiota, which is linked to multiple pathologies. A local treatment with bacteriophages, in addition to being as much or even more effective than antibiotics from a clinical and microbiological point of view, makes it possible to respect the patient’s microbiota. These results suggest that the use of this therapeutic alternative is a major avenue and that the introduction of recommendations for their use is now necessary.

Published
2020

11. PK/PD targets of amikacin and gentamicin in ICU patients

Author

A. Coste, L. Jalin, David Boutoille, Stéphane Corvec, Jocelyne Caillon, Matthieu Grégoire, Guillaume Deslandes, Cédric Bretonnière, Microbiotes, Hôtes, Antibiotiques et Résistances bactériennes (MiHAR) (MiHAR), Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes-Angers (CRCINA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA), DCNS Group [Nantes] (DCNS-Nantes), DCNS group, Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Hôtel-Dieu, The Enteric Nervous System in gut and brain disorders [U1235] (TENS), Service de pneumologie, Nantes Université - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (Nantes Univ - UFR MEDECINE), Nantes Université - pôle Santé, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Santé, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Thérapeutiques cliniques et expérimentales des infections (EA 3826) (EA 3826), Centre d’Investigation Clinique de Nantes (CIC Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Institut de Recherche en Santé 2 [Nantes] (IRS2), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Nantes Université - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (Nantes Univ - UFR MEDECINE), Institut du Thorax [Nantes], and CCSD, Accord Elsevier

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Cmax, law.invention, Sepsis, 03 medical and health sciences, law, polycyclic compounds, Humans, Medicine, Intensive care unit, Prospective Studies, Simplified Acute Physiology Score, Gentamicin, Amikacin, PK/PD models, 0303 health sciences, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Septic shock, PK/PD, medicine.disease, Anti-Bacterial Agents, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Intensive Care Units, Infectious Diseases, Anesthesia, Gentamicins, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

International audience; Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the probability to achieve PK-PD targets in patients with sepsis hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU) after a single dose of 30mg/kg of amikacin or 8mg/kg of gentamicin.Patients and methods: This single-center prospective study included 138 ICU patients with severe sepsis or septic shock with an indication for intravenous amikacin (N=89) or gentamicin (N=49). Maximum concentration (Cmax) was measured 30 minutes after infusion completion. PK/PD objectives were respectively Cmax≥60mg/L and ≥30mg/L for amikacin and gentamicin for empirical therapy, and a Cmax/MIC ratio≥8, as per French guidelines.Results: The median Simplified Acute Physiology Score II was 43 and ICU case fatality rate was 34.8%. A causative bacterial agent was identified in 94 patients (68.1%). Three pathogens had acquired aminoglycoside resistance and 15 were naturally resistant. The targeted Cmax for the first dose was achieved in 53 patients (59.6%) receiving amikacin, and one (2.2%) patient receiving gentamicin. Cmax/MIC ratio≥8 was obtained in all patients infected with susceptible pathogens (N=72). Factors associated with Cmax≥60mg/L of amikacin in multivariate analysis were dose per kg of adapted body weight (OR=1.39, P

Published
2020

12. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection Impairs NKG2D-Dependent NK Cell Cytotoxicity through Regulatory T-Cell Activation

Author

Jocelyne Caillon, Gaëlle David, Benjamin Gaborit, Christelle Retière, Mickael Vourc'h, Karim Asehnoune, Tanguy Chaumette, Alexis Broquet, Antoine Roquilly, Cédric Jacqueline, Thérapeutiques cliniques et expérimentales des infections (EA 3826) (EA 3826), Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Immunobiology of Human αβ and γδ T Cells and Immunotherapeutic Applications (CRCINA-ÉQUIPE 1), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes-Angers (CRCINA), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), EFS Centre-Pays de la Loire [Nantes], LabEX IGO Immunothérapie Grand Ouest, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), RETIERE, Christelle, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA), and LabEx IGO 'Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology' [Nantes]

Subjects
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxicity, Immunologic, 0301 basic medicine, Adoptive cell transfer, CD3 Complex, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Cell, Lipopolysaccharide Receptors, NK cells, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory, Monocytes, regulatory T cells, 0302 clinical medicine, Cytotoxic T cell, Host Response and Inflammation, Cell sorting, 3. Good health, Killer Cells, Natural, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Infectious Diseases, medicine.anatomical_structure, NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Regulatory T cell, Immunology, chemical and pharmacologic phenomena, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Biology, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 1, Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family, Immunity, Cell Line, Tumor, medicine, Humans, cancer, Pseudomonas Infections, [SDV.BC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic, NKG2D, immunity, infection, 030104 developmental biology, Cell culture, Leukocytes, Mononuclear, Cancer research, Parasitology
Abstract

International audience; Natural killer (NK) cells play a key role in both antibacterial and antitumor immunity. Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection has already been reported to alter NK cell functions. We studied in vitro the effect of P. aeruginosa on NK cell cytotoxic response (CD107a membrane expression) to a lymphoma cell line. Through positive and negative cell sorting and adoptive transfer, we determined the influence of monocytes, lymphocytes, and regulatory T cells (Treg) on NK cell function during P. aeruginosa infection. We also studied the role of the activating receptor natural killer group 2D (NKG2D) in NK cell response to B221. We determined that P. aeruginosa significantly altered both cytotoxic response to B221 and NKG2D expression on NK cells in a Treg-dependent manner and that the NKG2D receptor was involved in NK cell cytotoxic response to B221. Our results also suggested that during P. aeruginosa infection, monocytes participated in Treg-mediated NK cell alteration. In conclusion, P. aeruginosa infection impairs NK cell cytotoxicity and alters antitumor immunity. These results highlight the strong interaction between bacterial infection and immunity against cancer.

Published
2020

13. Regulatory T Cells Expressing Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Type 2 Play a Major Role in CD4+ T-Cell Impairment During Sepsis

Author

Tanguy Chaumette, Jeremie Poschmann, Fanny Coulpier, Sophie Lemoine, Antoine Asquier, Jocelyne Caillon, Emilie Ronin, Benoît L. Salomon, Benjamin Gaborit, Virginie Le Mabecque, David Boutoille, Marie Chauveau, Cédric Jacqueline, Mickael Vourc'h, Alexandre Bourdiol, Karim Asehnoune, Antoine Roquilly, Benoit Tessoulin, Abderrahmane Sadek, Marion Davieau, Alexis Broquet, Cédric Louvet, Thérapeutiques cliniques et expérimentales des infections (EA 3826) (EA 3826), Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu de Nantes - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes (Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu de Nantes - CHU de Nantes), Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie (U1064 Inserm - CRTI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (IBENS), Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie de l’Ecole Normale Superieure, Paris, France

Subjects
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Male, 0301 basic medicine, Staphylococcus aureus, Secondary infection, medicine.medical_treatment, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], chemical and pharmacologic phenomena, medicine.disease_cause, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory, Sepsis, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, In vivo, medicine, Animals, Humans, Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II, Immunology and Allergy, Cells, Cultured, Immunosuppression Therapy, Mice, Knockout, Effector, business.industry, Immunosuppression, hemic and immune systems, medicine.disease, In vitro, 3. Good health, Mice, Inbred C57BL, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, CD4 Antigens, Immunology, Female, Tumor necrosis factor receptor 2, business
Abstract

Sepsis causes inflammation-induced immunosuppression with lymphopenia and alterations of CD4+ T-cell functions that renders the host prone to secondary infections. Whether and how regulatory T cells (Treg) are involved in this postseptic immunosuppression is unknown. We observed in vivo that early activation of Treg during Staphylococcus aureus sepsis induces CD4+ T-cell impairment and increases susceptibility to secondary pneumonia. The tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 positive (TNFR2pos) Treg subset endorsed the majority of effector immunosuppressive functions, and TNRF2 was particularly associated with activation of genes involved in cell cycle and replication in Treg, probably explaining their maintenance. Blocking or deleting TNFR2 during sepsis decreased the susceptibility to secondary infection. In humans, our data paralleled those in mice; the expression of CTLA-4 was dramatically increased in TNFR2pos Treg after culture in vitro with S. aureus. Our findings describe in vivo mechanisms underlying sepsis-induced immunosuppression and identify TNFR2pos Treg as targets for therapeutic intervention.

Published
2020

14. Comparative outcomes of cefazolin versus antistaphylococcal penicillins in methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus infective endocarditis: a post hoc analysis of a prospective multicentre French cohort study

Author

Alexis Bourreau, Jocelyne Caillon, Paul Le Turnier, Raphaël Lecomte, Colin Deschanvres, Nahema Issa, Thierry Le Tourneau, Fabrice Camou, David Boutoille, Anne-Gaëlle Leroy, Marie Chauveau, and Benjamin Gaborit

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Staphylococcus aureus, 030106 microbiology, Cefazolin, Penicillins, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, polycyclic compounds, Medicine, Endocarditis, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Antistaphylococcal penicillins, business.industry, Mortality rate, General Medicine, Odds ratio, Endocarditis, Bacterial, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, Middle Aged, Staphylococcal Infections, bacterial infections and mycoses, medicine.disease, Discontinuation, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Infectious Diseases, Treatment Outcome, Infective endocarditis, Female, business, medicine.drug, Cohort study
Abstract

Current guidelines recommend cefazolin as an alternative to antistaphylococcal penicillins (ASPs) in methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) infective endocarditis despite the lack of comparative study. The objective of this study was to evaluate the comparative outcomes of cefazolin vs. ASPs in MSSA infective endocarditis.This was a retrospective analysis of an observational multicentre cohort study using prospectively collected data from patients with MSSA endocarditis confirmed by endocarditis team and treated either with cefazolin or ASPs between July 2013 and December 2018. Patients were excluded if they received both treatments. The primary outcome was 90-day all-cause mortality.Of 210 patients included, 53 patients (25.2%) received cefazolin and 157 (74.8%) received ASPs. The overall 90-day mortality rate was 27.6% (58/210 patients), 24.5% (13/53) in the cefazolin group vs. 28.7% (45/157) in the ASP group (p 0.561). Premature antimicrobial discontinuation due to adverse events occurred less frequently with cefazolin than with ASPs (0/53 vs. 13/157 patients; p 0.042). In multivariate analysis, there was no difference in 90-day mortality between cefazolin and ASPs (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 1.2; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.49-2.91; p 0.681), while age (aOR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.03-1.09; p 0.001), Charlson comorbidity index (aOR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.02-1.36 p 0.023), cerebral embolism (aOR, 2.83; 95% CI, 1.33-6.14; p 0.007) and intensive care unit admission (aOR, 4.16; 95% CI, 1.89-9.59; p 0.001) were factors significantly associated with higher mortality.Cefazolin seems to be a possible alternative to ASPs in MSSA endocarditis. More studies are needed to confirm these results and determine which treatment should be recommended as first-line therapy.

Published
2020

15. Trends in antimicrobial resistance among Escherichia coli from defined infections in humans and animals

Author

Jean-Yves Madec, Clémence Bourély, Nathalie Jarrige, Jocelyne Caillon, Claire Chauvin, Géraldine Cazeau, Thomas Coeffic, Marisa Haenni, Eric Jouy, Agnès Leblond, S. Thibaut, École Nationale des Services Vétérinaires (ENSV), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Unité Mixte de Recherche d'Épidémiologie des maladies Animales et zoonotiques (UMR EPIA), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), MedQual network, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Laboratoire de Lyon [ANSES], Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Unité Epidémiologie, Santé et Bien-être (EPISABE), Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort [ANSES], Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), and Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Veterinary medicine, Food-producing animals, Swine, medicine.drug_class, MESH: Dog Diseases, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030106 microbiology, Cephalosporin, Antibiotics, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Drug resistance, Cat Diseases, medicine.disease_cause, Poultry, 03 medical and health sciences, Dogs, Antibiotic resistance, Antibiogram, MESH: Anti-Bacterial Agents, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, medicine, Escherichia coli, Animals, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Dog Diseases, Escherichia coli Infections, MESH: Escherichia coli Infections, Pharmacology, MESH: Microbial Sensitivity Tests, biology, Resistance (ecology), medicine.diagnostic_test, MESH: Cat Diseases, biology.organism_classification, Anti-Bacterial Agents, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Cats, Antibiotic use, Cattle, Bacteria
Abstract

Objectives To characterize and compare resistance trends in clinical Escherichia coli isolates from humans, food-producing animals (poultry, cattle and swine) and pets (dogs and cats). Methods Antibiogram results collected between January 2014 and December 2017 by MedQual [the French surveillance network for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria isolated from the community] and RESAPATH (the French surveillance network for AMR in bacteria from diseased animals) were analysed, focusing on resistance to antibiotics of common interest to human and veterinary medicine. Resistance dynamics were investigated using generalized additive models. Results In total, 743 637 antibiograms from humans, 48 170 from food-producing animals and 7750 from pets were analysed. For each antibiotic investigated, the resistance proportions of isolates collected from humans were of the same order of magnitude as those from food-producing animals or pets. However, resistance trends in humans differed from those observed in pets and food-producing animals over the period studied. For example, resistance to third-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones was almost always below 10% for both humans and animals. However, in contrast to the notable decreases in resistance observed in both food-producing animals and pets, resistance in humans decreased only slightly. Conclusions Despite several potential biases in the data, the resistance trends remain meaningful. The strength of the parallel is based on similar data collection in humans and animals and on a similar statistical methodology. Resistance dynamics seemed specific to each species, reflecting different antibiotic-use practices. These results advocate applying the efforts already being made to reduce antibiotic use to all sectors and all species, both in human and veterinary medicine.

Published
2020

16. Potential Impact of Umbilical-Cord-Blood Procalcitonin-Based Algorithm on Antibiotics Exposure in Neonates With Suspected Early-Onset Sepsis

Author

Noémie Huetz, Elise Launay, Géraldine Gascoin, Bertrand Leboucher, Christophe Savagner, Jean B. Muller, Sophie Denizot, Cécile Boscher, Jocelyne Caillon, Damien Masson, and Christèle Gras Le Guen

Subjects
newborns, medicine.drug_class, Antibiotics, antibiotic stewardship, Context (language use), early-onset neonatal infection, risk stratification, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Pediatrics, Procalcitonin, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030225 pediatrics, screening tool, Medicine, Medical prescription, Prospective cohort study, Original Research, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), lcsh:RJ1-570, biomarkers, lcsh:Pediatrics, decrease antibiotics exposure, Confidence interval, Neonatal infection, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, business, Algorithm
Abstract

Context: The incidence of early-onset neonatal infection has greatly decreased, but a new diagnostic approach is needed to avoid over-diagnosis and -treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the potential impact of an algorithm incorporating umbilical-cord-blood procalcitonin (PCT) level on neonatal antibiotics prescription rate as compared with current practice. Material and methods: We conducted a prospective study in three maternity wards in France. All term and preterm neonates with the usual risk factors for neonatal group B streptococcus infection were eligible for umbilical-cord-blood PCT testing. We compared the proportion of neonates who were exposed early to antibiotics (before 6 days of life) to that of neonates for whom antibiotics prescription would be indicated according to the PCT-based algorithm. Results: Among the 3080 neonates included, one neonate presented certain infection and 38 neonates probable infection. The global antibiotics prescription rate was 4.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.1-5). With the PCT-based algorithm, the potential decrease in prescription rate would be 1.8% (95% CI 1.3-2.3), corresponding to a 39% (95% CI 37.3-40.7) relative reduction in antibiotics exposure (p

Published
2020

17. Epidemiology of Community-Onset Severe Bacterial Infections in Children and Its Evolution: A Population-Based Study in France

Author

T. Gaillot, Jocelyne Caillon, Jean-Michel Roué, Elise Launay, Pierre Bourgoin, Corinne Levy, Robert M. Cohen, Christèle Gras-Le Guen, R. Assathiany, Julie Chantreuil, Fleur Lorton, Jean-Pascal Saulnier, Martin Chalumeau, Gérald Boussicault, and Alain Martinot

Subjects
Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Staphylococcus aureus, Population, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, medicine.disease_cause, Meningitis, Bacterial, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030225 pediatrics, Internal medicine, Epidemiology, Streptococcus pneumoniae, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, education, Child, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Mortality rate, Neisseria meningitidis, Incidence (epidemiology), Incidence, Infant, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, medicine.disease, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, France, business, Meningitis, Purpura fulminans
Abstract

Objectives To describe the epidemiology of community-onset severe bacterial infections in children and its recent evolution. Design Prospective, observational, population-based study from 2009 to 2014. Setting An administrative area accounting for 13% of the French pediatric population. Patients All children 1 month to 16 years old who died before admission or were admitted to a PICU for a community-onset severe bacterial infection. Interventions None. Measurements and main results The incidence and mortality rate of community-onset severe bacterial infections were compared with data from a reference population-based study conducted between 2000 and 2006, that is, before national recommendations for antimeningococcal C and antipneumococcal generalized vaccinations. Among the 261 children included (median age 25 mo), 28 (10.7%) died. The main diagnoses were meningitis (n = 85; 32%) and purpura fulminans (n = 59; 22%). The most common isolated bacteria were Neisseria meningitidis (n = 75; 29%), including 47 (63%) cases of serogroup B and 15 (20%) serogroup C, Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 49, 19%), and Staphylococcus aureus (n = 15; 6%). The incidence of community-onset severe bacterial infections was three per 100,000 person-years (95% CI, 2.6-3.3) and had decreased by 53% from the reference period. Mortality rate was 0.3 per 100,000 person-years (95% CI, 0.2-0.4) and had decreased by 73% from the reference period. The incidence of community-onset severe bacterial infections caused by N. meningitidis and S. pneumoniae was 0.8 and 0.5 per 100,000 person-years and had decreased by 70% and 67% from the reference period. The incidence of community-onset severe bacterial infections-related to Staphylococcus aureus was 0.16 per 100,000 person-years and had increased by 220% from the reference period. Conclusions The incidence and mortality rate of community-onset severe bacterial infections, except for S. aureus infection, have decreased in France. N. meningitidis and S. pneumoniae continue to account for many infections, which indicates the need for better vaccination coverage and spectrum.

Published
2020

18. Impact of fecal microbiota transplantation on chronic recurrent pouchitis in ulcerative colitis with ileo-anal anastomosis: study protocol for a prospective, multicenter, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial

Author

Ghislaine Le Garcasson, Caroline Trang-Poisson, Lucie Planche, Pascale Bémer, Elise Kerdreux, Alexandra Poinas, Harry Sokol, Karine Cabanas, Patrice Le Pape, Alexandra Jobert, Emmanuel Montassier, Jocelyne Caillon, Didier Lepelletier, Laurent Flet, Laetitia Biron, Eliane Hivernaud, Berthe-Marie Imbert, Arnaud Bourreille, Anne Chiffoleau, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Université de Nantes (UN), Centre d’Investigation Clinique de Nantes (CIC Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CR Saint-Antoine), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Microbiotes, Hôtes, Antibiotiques et Résistances bactériennes (MiHAR) (MiHAR), Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and Jobert, Alexandra

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Medicine (miscellaneous), Anastomosis, Pouchitis, Gastroenterology, law.invention, Fecal microbiota transplantation, Study Protocol, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Ileal pouch–anal anastomosis, Double-Blind Method, Randomized controlled trial, Recurrence, law, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Multicenter Studies as Topic, Pharmacology (medical), Prospective Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Colitis, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, lcsh:R5-920, Proctocolectomy, business.industry, Proctocolectomy, Restorative, medicine.disease, Ulcerative colitis, Anti-Bacterial Agents, 3. Good health, Transplantation, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Chronic Disease, Quality of Life, Randomized controlled trials, Colitis, Ulcerative, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, France, business, lcsh:Medicine (General), Dysbiosis
Abstract

Background Almost 15% of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) will require a proctocolectomy with ileal pouch–anal anastomosis (IPAA) as a result of fulminant colitis, dysplasia, cancer, or medical refractory diseases. Around 50% will experience pouchitis, an idiopathic inflammatory condition involving the ileal reservoir, responsible for digestive symptoms, deterioration in quality of life, and disability. Though the majority of initial cases of pouchitis are easily managed with a short course of antibiotics, in about 10% of cases, inflammation of the pouch becomes chronic with very few treatments available. Previous studies have suggested that manipulating the composition of intestinal flora through antibiotics, probiotics, and prebiotics achieved significant results for treating acute episodes of UC-associated pouchitis. However, there is currently no established effective treatment for chronic antibiotic-dependent pouchitis. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a novel therapy involving the transfer of normal intestinal flora from a healthy donor to a patient with a medical condition potentially caused by the disrupted homeostasis of intestinal microbiota or dysbiosis. Methods Our project aims to compare the delay of relapse of chronic recurrent pouchitis after FMT versus sham transplantation. Forty-two patients with active recurrent pouchitis after having undergone an IPAA for UC will be enrolled at 12 French centers. The patients who respond to antibiotherapy will be randomized at a ratio of 1:1 to receive either FMT or sham transplantation. Discussion On April 30, 2014, the World Health Organization published an alarming report on antibiotic resistance. Finding an alternative medical treatment to antibiotics in order to prevent relapses of pouchitis is therefore becoming increasingly important given the risk posed by multiresistant bacteria. Moreover, if the results of this study are conclusive, FMT, which is less expensive than biologics, could become a routine treatment in the future. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03524352. Registered on 14 May 2018.

Published
2020

19. A meta-analysis of outcomes of in-situ reconstruction after total or partial removal of infected abdominal aortic graft

Author

Michel Batt, Jocelyne Caillon, Fabrice Camou, Frédéric Laurent, Matthieu Revest, Christian Chidiac, Eric Senneville, Amandine Coffy, Jean Pierre Daures, Brigitte Calvet, and Patrick Feugier

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Prosthesis-Related Infections, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Risk Assessment, Gastroenterology, Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation, 03 medical and health sciences, Sex Factors, 0302 clinical medicine, Cause of Death, Internal medicine, Humans, Medicine, In patient, Hospital Mortality, Device Removal, Male gender, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, Mortality rate, Age Factors, General Medicine, Infected aortic graft, Middle Aged, Partial resection, Prognosis, Survival Analysis, Blood Vessel Prosthesis, 3. Good health, Increased risk, 030228 respiratory system, Meta-analysis, Female, Surgery, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Statistical correlation, Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal
Abstract

BACKGROUND: There is currently a lack of evidence for the relative effectiveness of partial resection (PR) and total resection (TR) before managing abdominal aortic graft infection (AGI). Most authorities agree that TR is mandatory for intracavitary AGI in patients with favorable conditions but there is an increasing number of patients with severe comorbidities for whom this approach is not suitable, resulting in a prohibitive mortality rate. The purpose of this study was to determine the most appropriate indication for TR or PR. METHODS: A meta-analysis was conducted on the rates of early/late mortality, amputations and reinfection. A meta-regression was performed with 8 variables: patient age, male prevalence, presence of virulent or nonvirulent organisms, urgency, omentoplasty and follow-up. RESULTS: Twenty-one studies and 1.052 patients were included. For TR and PR the rates of early mortality and reinfection were 16.8% and 10.5%, 11% and 27% respectively. For TR urgency and male gender were associated with increased rate of early mortality and male gender, PDF and virulent organisms were associated with increased risk of reinfection. For PR no statistical correlation was analyzable except for PDF with increased risk of reinfection. CONCLUSIONS: Early mortality rates are higher for TR and reinfection rates are higher for PR. For TR early mortality increases in urgent cases and it is suggested that alternative option must be discussed, reinfection decreases in the presence of nonvirulent organisms and TR seems optimal. For TR and PR reinfection increases in presence of PDF and alternative technique may be more appropriate.

Published
2020

20. Interleukin-22 regulates interferon lambda expression in a mice model of pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia

Author

Jocelyne Caillon, Cédric Jacqueline, Mickael Vourc'h, Karim Asehnoune, Régis Josien, Antoine Roquilly, Jerome Martin, Anissa Besbes, Alexis Broquet, Thérapeutiques cliniques et expérimentales des infections (EA 3826) (EA 3826), Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie (U1064 Inserm - CRTI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Institut de transplantation urologie-néphrologie (ITUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Institut de Recherche en Santé 2 [Nantes] (IRS2), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), and CCSD, Accord Elsevier

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Neutrophils, medicine.medical_treatment, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], medicine.disease_cause, Interleukin-22, Interleukin 22, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Interferon, Lung, Interleukin, Up-Regulation, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Cytokine, medicine.anatomical_structure, Neutrophil Infiltration, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Cytokines, Female, medicine.drug, Immunology, Bronchi, Microbiology, Alveolar cells, 03 medical and health sciences, Cell Line, Tumor, medicine, Host response, Animals, Humans, Pseudomonas Infections, Molecular Biology, A549 cell, business.industry, Interleukins, Pneumonia, Receptors, Interleukin, medicine.disease, respiratory tract diseases, Disease Models, Animal, Interferon-λ, 030104 developmental biology, A549 Cells, Alveolar epithelial cells, Interferons, business, 030215 immunology
Abstract

Background Interleukin (IL)-22 is a cytokine involved in tissue protection and repair following lung pathologies. Interferon (IFN)-λ cytokines displayed similar properties during viral infection and a synergy of action between these two players has been documented in the intestine. We hypothesize that during Pseudomonas aeruginosa challenge, IL-22 up-regulates IFN-λ and that IFN-λ exhibits protective functions during Pseudomonas aeruginosa acute pneumonia model in mice. Methods Using an in vitro human alveolar epithelial cell line A549, we assessed the ability of IL-22 to enhance IFN-λ expression during infection. IFN-λ protective function was evaluated in an acute mouse pneumonia model. Results We first demonstrated in murine lungs that only type-II alveolar cells express IL-22 receptor and that IL-22 treatment of A549 cell line up-regulates IFN-λ expression. In a murine acute pneumonia model, IL-22 administration maintained significant IFN-λ levels in the broncho-alveolar fluids whereas IL-22 neutralization abolished IFN-λ up-regulation. In vivo administration of IFN-λ during Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia improves mice outcome by dampening neutrophil recruitment and decreasing epithelium damages. Discussion We show here that IL-22 regulates IFN-λ levels during Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia.

Published
2020

21. Draft Genome Sequences of Four Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clinical Strains with Various Biofilm Phenotypes

Author

Olivier Lesouhaitier, Albane Jouault, Emeline Bouffartigues, Alexis Bazire, Elise Persyn, Emilie Portier, Amine M. Boukerb, Sylvie Chevalier, Jocelyne Caillon, Erwan Pernet, Alain Dufour, Marjolaine Simon, Marc G. J. Feuilloley, Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement (LMSM), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Chimie Marines (LBCM), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Chimie Marine (LBCM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Thérapeutiques cliniques et expérimentales des infections (EA 3826) (EA 3826), Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)

Subjects
congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities, 0303 health sciences, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Genome Sequences, Biofilm, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, medicine.disease, Genome, C content, Phenotype, Cystic fibrosis, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, 3. Good health, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Immunology and Microbiology (miscellaneous), Genetics, medicine, Molecular Biology, Genome size, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract

Biofilms produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa present a serious threat to cystic fibrosis patients. Here, we report the draft genome sequences of four cystic fibrosis isolates displaying various mucoid and biofilm phenotypes. The estimated average genome size was about 6,255,986 ± 50,202 bp with a mean G+C content of 66.52 ± 0.06%.

Published
2020

22. Vaccine-preventable severe morbidity and mortality caused by meningococcus and pneumococcus: A population-based study in France

Author

Jocelyne Caillon, Jean-Michel Roué, Pierre Bourgoin, Gérald Boussicault, Marie Bucchia, R. Assathiany, Alain Martinot, Christèle Gras-Le Guen, Julie Chantreuil, Martin Chalumeau, Jean-Pascal Saulnier, Fleur Lorton, T. Gaillot, Robert M. Cohen, Elise Launay, and Corinne Levy

Subjects
Male, Serotype, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Epidemiology, Population, Meningococcal Vaccines, Context (language use), Neisseria meningitidis, Pneumococcal Infections, law.invention, Pneumococcal Vaccines, Sepsis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, law, 030225 pediatrics, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, education, education.field_of_study, Immunization Programs, business.industry, Vaccination, Infant, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, medicine.disease, Intensive care unit, Meningococcal Infections, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Child, Preschool, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Severe morbidity, Female, Observational study, France, business, Program Evaluation
Abstract

Background In a context of suboptimal vaccination coverage and increasing vaccine hesitancy, we aimed to study morbidity and mortality in children related to missing or incomplete meningococcal C and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. Methods We conducted a prospective, observational, population-based study from 2009 to 2014 in a French administrative area that included all children from age 1 month to 16 years who died before admission or were admitted to an intensive care unit for a community-onset bacterial infection. Vaccine-preventable infection was defined as an infection with an identified serotype included in the national vaccine schedule at the time of infection and occurring in a non- or incompletely vaccinated child. Death and severe sequelae were studied at hospital discharge. Frequencies of vaccine-preventable morbidity and mortality caused by meningococcus and pneumococcus were calculated. Results Among the 124 children with serotyped meningococcal (n = 75) or pneumococcal (n = 49) severe infections included (median age 26 months), 20 (16%) died and 12 (10%) had severe sequelae. Vaccine-preventable infections accounted for 18/124 infections (15%, 95% CI 9, 22), 5/20 deaths (25%, 95% CI 9, 49), and 3/12 severe sequelae cases (25%, 95% CI 0, 54). The vaccine schedule for meningococcal C and pneumococcal conjugate vaccinations was incomplete for 71/116 (61%) children targeted by at least one of these two vaccination programs. Conclusions Mortality and morbidity rates related to vaccine-preventable meningococcal or pneumococcal infection could be reduced by one quarter with better implementation of immunisation programs. Such information could help enhance the perception of vaccine benefits and fight vaccine hesitancy.

Published
2018

23. Beyond Piperacillin-Tazobactam: Cefepime and AAI101 as a Potent β-Lactam−β-Lactamase Inhibitor Combination

Author

Jocelyne Caillon, Joseph D Rutter, Krisztina M. Papp-Wallace, Gilles Potel, Melissa D. Barnes, Christopher R. Bethel, Robert A. Bonomo, Magdalena A. Taracila, Stuart Shapiro, Saralee Bajaksouzian, Cédric Jacqueline, Amokrane Reghal, and Michael R. Jacobs

Subjects
Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization, medicine.drug_class, Cefepime, Antibiotics, Pharmacology, Tazobactam, 03 medical and health sciences, Antibiotic resistance, Enterobacteriaceae, In vivo, polycyclic compounds, medicine, Potency, Experimental Therapeutics, Pharmacology (medical), 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, biology, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Triazoles, bacterial infections and mycoses, biology.organism_classification, Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination, Infectious Diseases, Sulbactam, Piperacillin/tazobactam, beta-Lactamase Inhibitors, business, Azabicyclo Compounds, medicine.drug
Abstract

Impeding, as well as reducing, the burden of antimicrobial resistance in Gram-negative pathogens is an urgent public health endeavor. Our current antibiotic armamentarium is dwindling, while major resistance determinants (e.g., extended-spectrum β-lactamases [ESBLs]) continue to evolve and disseminate around the world. One approach to attack this problem is to develop novel therapies that will protect our current agents. AAI101 is a novel penicillanic acid sulfone β-lactamase inhibitor similar in structure to tazobactam, with one important difference. AAI101 possesses a strategically placed methyl group that gives the inhibitor a net neutral charge, enhancing bacterial cell penetration. AAI101 paired with cefepime, also a zwitterion, is in phase III of clinical development for the treatment of serious Gram-negative infections. Here, AAI101 was found to restore the activity of cefepime against class A ESBLs (e.g., CTX-M-15) and demonstrated increased potency compared to that of piperacillin-tazobactam when tested against an established isogenic panel. The enzymological properties of AAI101 further revealed that AAI101 possessed a unique mechanism of β-lactamase inhibition compared to that of tazobactam. Additionally, upon reaction with AAI101, CTX-M-15 was modified to an inactive state. Notably, the in vivo efficacy of cefepime-AAI101 was demonstrated using a mouse septicemia model, indicating the ability of AAI101 to bolster significantly the therapeutic efficacy of cefepime in vivo. The combination of AAI101 with cefepime represents a potential carbapenem-sparing treatment regimen for infections suspected to be caused by Enterobacteriaceae expressing ESBLs.

Published
2019

24. Study of 109 Achromobacter spp. isolates from 9 French CF centres reveals the circulation of a multiresistant clone of A. xylosoxidans belonging to ST 137

Author

Hoang Vu-Thien, Benoit Sarret, Jennifer Tetu, Agnès Ferroni, Julien Bador, Hélène Guet-Revillet, Christine Segonds, Audrey Bajard, Geneviève Héry-Arnaud, Juliette Sauge, Matthieu Lhoumeau, Emilie Cardot-Martin, Patrick Plésiat, Anne Doléans-Jordheim, Lucie Amoureux, E. Thomas, Vincent Cattoir, C. Neuwirth, Jocelyne Caillon, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Vaincre la mucoviscidose (Paris, France) RF20150501371

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, clone (Java method), DNA, Bacterial, Imipenem, Identification, Achromobacter, Cystic Fibrosis, Resistance, Ceftazidime, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Meropenem, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, polycyclic compounds, Medicine, Humans, biology, business.industry, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, Sequence types, bacterial infections and mycoses, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, nrdA, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field, Ciprofloxacin, 030104 developmental biology, 030228 respiratory system, Achromobacter denitrificans, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, ST 137, Multilocus sequence typing, France, business, Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections, medicine.drug, MLST, Multilocus Sequence Typing
Abstract

International audience; We previously reported the distribution of Achromobacter spp. (species and Sequence Types (ST)) in our French Cystic Fibrosis (CF) centre. In the present study we collected 109 Achromobacter isolates (1/patient) from 9 other French CF Centres for species identification, antimicrobial susceptibility testings and Multilocus-Sequence-Typing (MLST) analysis. Ten species were detected, A. xylosoxidans being the most predominant one (73.4% of the isolates). Piperacillin-tazobactam, ceftazidime, imipenem, meropenem and ciprofioxacin were respectively active against 88, 70, 79, 72 and 23% of the isolates. Among the 79 A. xylosoxidans isolates, 46 STs were detected. Interestingly, ST 137, recovered in 4 centres (5 patients), was previously detected in our centre (2 patients). The strains from the 7 patients belonged to the same pulsotype (pulsed-field-gel-electrophoresis analysis) and harboured acquired resistance to meropenem, ceftazidime, ciprofioxacin, and except for 2 isolates, to imipenem and piperacillin-tazobactam. This is the first description in France of a circulating multiresistant A. xylosoxidans strain.

Published
2019

25. Corrigendum to ‘Editor's Choice – European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) 2020 Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Vascular Graft and Endograft Infections’ [European Journal of Vascular & Endovascular Surgery 59/3 (2020) 339–384]

Author

Nabil Chakfé, Holger Diener, Anne Lejay, Ojan Assadian, Xavier Berard, Jocelyne Caillon, Inge Fourneau, Andor W.J.M. Glaudemans, Igor Koncar, Jes Lindholt, Germano Melissano, Ben R. Saleem, Eric Senneville, Riemer H.J.A. Slart, Zoltan Szeberin, Maarit Venermo, Frank Vermassen, Thomas R. Wyss, null ESVS Guidelines Committee, Gert J. de Borst, Frederico B. Gonçalves, Stavros K. Kakkos, Philippe Kolh, Riikka Tulamo, Melina V. de Ceniga, null Document Reviewers, Regula S. von Allmen, Jos C. van den Berg, E. Sebastian Debus, Mark J.W. Koelemay, Jose P. Linares-Palomino, Gregory L. Moneta, Jean-Baptiste Ricco, and Anders Wanhainen

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, General surgery, Endovascular surgery, Regret, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 030230 surgery, Vascular surgery, 3. Good health, Clinical Practice, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Surgical site, medicine, Surgery, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Vascular graft
Abstract

The authors regret there were mistakes in Table 12 concerning adjusted risk estimation for surgical site infections of the lower limbs. The authors would like to thank Dr Tresson and colleagues for their careful reading and to apologise for any inconvenience. Table 12 should be read as below

Published
2020

26. Propionibacterium namnetense sp. nov., isolated from a human bone infection

Author

Guillaume Ghislain Aubin, Pascale Bémer, Stéphane Corvec, Olivier Lemenand, Stanimir Kambarev, Jocelyne Caillon, Paul A. Lawson, Nisha B. Patel, Bernardo, Elizabeth, Département de Bactériologie et d'Hygiène [CHU Nantes], Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Thérapeutiques cliniques et expérimentales des infections (EA 3826) (EA 3826), Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Nuclear Oncology (CRCINA-ÉQUIPE 13), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes-Angers (CRCINA), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology [Norman, Oklahoma, USA], University of Oklahoma (OU), Laboratoire de microbiologie [CH Saint Nazaire], Centre hospitalier de Saint-Nazaire, Clinical and Translational Research in Skin Cancer (CRCINA-ÉQUIPE 2), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA)

Subjects
DNA, Bacterial, Male, 0301 basic medicine, 030106 microbiology, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, Genome, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Propionibacterium acnes, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, medicine, Humans, Gene, Phylogeny, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Base Composition, Strain (chemistry), Phylogenetic tree, biology, Fatty Acids, Propionibacterium, Nucleic Acid Hybridization, Sequence Analysis, DNA, General Medicine, Bone Diseases, Infectious, 16S ribosomal RNA, biology.organism_classification, rpoB, [Propionibacterium] namnetense, Bacterial Typing Techniques, France
Abstract

International audience; A polyphasic taxonomic study was performed on two Gram-positive-staining, anaerobic, pleomorphic, rod-shaped strains isolated from human bone and tissue samples. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes revealed that the strains belong to a novel species within the genus Propionibacterium, most closely related to Propionibacterium acnes subsp. acnes and Propionibacterium acnes subsp. elongatum with similarity values of 98.4 % and 98.1 %, respectively. In addition, protein-coding genes for rpoB, recA and gyrB clearly separated the novel organism from all species and subspecies of the genus Propionibacterium. However, a DNA–DNA hybridization analysis between the novel organism and the type strain P. acnes ATCC 6919[T] revealed a value of only 61.1 %. Furthermore, whole genome analysis using the program OrthoANI gave a value of 88.5 %, which is significantly below the cutoff value of 95 % for species delineation. The major fatty acids were iso-C 15 : 0 , anteiso-C 15 : 0 and iso-C 17 : 0. The DNA G+C content of the type strain was 59.7 mol%. When taken collectively, phenotypic, molecular genetic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic information demonstrate that the organism represents a distinct, albeit close relative of P. acnes On the basis of the results presented, the organism represents a novel member of the genus Propionibacterium for which the name Propionibacterium namnetense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NTS 31307302[T] (=DSM 29427[T] =CCUG 66358[T]).

Published
2016

27. Clostridium difficile infections: analysis of recurrence in an area with low prevalence of 027 strain

Author

A. Guillouzouic, Pascale Bémer, Jocelyne Caillon, C. Bourigault, E. Thomas, C. Eckert, S. Corvec, J. Orain, and David Boutoille

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Strain (chemistry), Clostridioides difficile, business.industry, 030106 microbiology, Clostridium Infections, General Medicine, Clostridium difficile, Clostridium difficile infections, Article, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Infectious Diseases, Recurrence, Prevalence, Humans, Medicine, business
Published
2016

28. Adaptive processes ofStaphylococcus aureusisolates during the progression from acute to chronic bone and joint infections in patients

Author

Jocelyne Caillon, Cédric Jacqueline, Jason Tasse, Patricia Martins-Simoes, Guilherme Loss de Morais, Sébastien Lustig, Tristan Ferry, Lucie Lelièvre, François Vandenesch, Jean-Philippe Rasigade, Rafael Lucas Muniz Guedes, Frédéric Laurent, Sophie Trouillet-Assant, Luiz Gonzaga, Florent Valour, and Ana Tereza Ribeiro de Vasconcelos

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, 030106 microbiology, Immunology, Cellular microbiology, Biofilm, Virulence, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, Phenotype, In vitro, 3. Good health, 03 medical and health sciences, In vivo, Staphylococcus aureus, Virology, medicine, Cytotoxic T cell
Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus bone and joint infection (BJI) is associated with significant rates of chronicity and relapse. In this study, we investigated how S. aureus is able to adapt to the human environment by comparing isolates from single patients with persisting or relapsing BJIs that were recovered during the initial and recurrent BJI episodes. In vitro and in vivo assays and whole-genome sequencing analyses revealed that the recurrent isolates induced a reduced inflammatory response, formed more biofilms, persisted longer in the intracellular compartments of host bone cells, were less cytotoxic and induced less mortality in a mouse infection model compared with the initial isolates despite the lack of significant changes at the genomic level. These findings suggest that S. aureus BJI chronicization is associated with an in vivo bacterial phenotypical adaptation that leads to decreased virulence and host immune escape, which is linked to increased intraosteoblastic persistence and biofilm formation.

Published
2016

29. Should we reconsider cefazolin for treating staphylococcal meningitis? A retrospective analysis of cefazolin and cloxacillin cerebrospinal fluid levels in patients treated for staphylococcal meningitis

Author

Karim Lakhal, G. Deslandes, Jocelyne Caillon, Emmanuel Canet, Cédric Bretonnière, B.J. Gaborit, François Raffi, Lydie Katchatourian, Aurélie Guillouzouic, Guillaume Deslandes, Maeva Lefebvre, Paul Le Turnier, D. Boutoille, Nathalie Asseray, R. Lecomte, Raphaël Cinotti, Julia Brochard, Charlotte Biron, Raphaël Lecomte, A.-G. Leroy, Colin Deschanvres, Matthieu Grégoire, Jean-Philippe Talarmin, Anne-Gaëlle Leroy, M. Gregoire, Thomas Guimard, Benjamin Gaborit, David Boutoille, Eric Dailly, Vincent Dubée, Marie Chauveau, Ronan Bellouard, Stéphane Corvec, C. Deschanvres, Pascale Bémer, P. Le Turnier, Jean Philippe Talarmin, The Enteric Nervous System in gut and brain disorders [U1235] (TENS), Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université d'Angers (UA), DCNS Group [Nantes] (DCNS-Nantes), and DCNS group

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Staphylococcus aureus, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.drug_class, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030106 microbiology, Antibiotics, Cefazolin, medicine.disease_cause, Gastroenterology, Mass Spectrometry, Meningitis, Bacterial, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Cloxacillin, Interquartile range, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Internal medicine, polycyclic compounds, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Aged, Retrospective Studies, medicine.diagnostic_test, biology, business.industry, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Staphylococcal Infections, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Anti-Bacterial Agents, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Therapeutic drug monitoring, Female, business, Meningitis, Chromatography, Liquid, medicine.drug
Abstract

Objectives To assess the meningeal penetration of cefazolin and cloxacillin in individuals treated for methicillin-susceptible staphylococcal meningitis. Methods We retrospectively identified individuals treated for Staphylococcus meningitis with measurements of cefazolin or cloxacillin concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using a validated assay of liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry at the Nantes University Hospital between January 2009 and October 2019. Staphylococcus meningitis was defined by a compatible clinical presentation and a microbiological confirmation (positive CSF culture or positive specific PCR). Medical charts were retrospectively reviewed to collect microbiological and clinical data, and to assess therapeutic success. Results Among the 17 included individuals, eight (47%) were treated with cefazolin and nine (53%) with cloxacillin. Median daily dosages of cefazolin and cloxacillin were 8 g (range 6–12 g) and 12 g (range 10–13 g), respectively. Cefazolin and cloxacillin were mainly administered by continuous infusion. Eleven individuals (65%) were men, median (interquartile range (IQR)) age was 54 years (50; 70), 14 (82%) had postoperative meningitis and 3 (18%) had haematogenous meningitis. Median (IQR) antibiotic CSF concentrations were 2.8 mg/L (2.1; 5.2) and 0.66 mg/L (0.5; 0.9) for cefazolin and cloxacillin groups, respectively. Cloxacillin was discontinued in two individuals for therapeutic failure. Conclusions Patients with staphylococcal meningitis treated with high-dose continuous intravenous infusion of cefazolin achieved therapeutic concentrations in CSF. Cefazolin appears to be a therapeutic candidate that should be properly evaluated in this indication.

Published
2020

30. Live intramacrophagic Staphylococcus aureus as a potential cause of antibiotic therapy failure: observations in an in vivo mouse model of prosthetic vascular material infections

Author

Pierre Tattevin, Virginie Le Mabecque, Jocelyne Caillon, Karine Steenkeste, Rym Boudjemaa, Romain Briandet, Cédric Jacqueline, Matthieu Revest, David Boutoille, Marie-Pierre Fontaine-Aupart, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay (ISMO), Université Paris Sud (Paris 11), Laboratoire de Photophysique et Photochimie Supramoléculaires et Macromoléculaires (PPSM), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Thérapeutiques cliniques et expérimentales des infections (EA 3826) (EA 3826), Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), MICrobiologie de l'ALImentation au Service de la Santé (MICALIS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Infectious Diseases Department, Nantes University Hospital, Service des maladies infectieuses et réanimation médicale, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Hôpital Pontchaillou, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], ARN régulateurs bactériens et médecine (BRM), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Collège des enseignants des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, 2014-172, Ministère de l’Education Nationale et de la Recherche, Université Paris-Sud, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), and Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Antibiotics, medicine.disease_cause, confocal microscopy, antibiotics, Cytosol, Recurrence, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, antibiotic therapy, Macrophage, Medicine, Pharmacology (medical), Treatment Failure, bacteria, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Microscopy, Confocal, biology, Staphylococcal Infections, Anti-Bacterial Agents, 3. Good health, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Staphylococcus aureus, Female, host (organism), Intracellular, Microbiology (medical), staphylococcus aureus, Prosthesis-Related Infections, mice, medicine.drug_class, 030106 microbiology, macrophage, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Immune system, In vivo, Animals, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Pharmacology, business.industry, Macrophages, Biofilm, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, biology.organism_classification, infection, Blood Vessel Prosthesis, Disease Models, Animal, biofilms, business, Bacteria, prostheses
Abstract

International audience; Objectives: To evaluate the significant role played by biofilms during prosthetic vascular material infections (PVMIs).Methods: We developed an in vivo mouse model of Staphylococcus aureus PVMI allowing its direct observation by confocal microscopy to describe: (i) the structure of biofilms developed on Dacron® vascular material; (ii) the localization and effect of antibiotics on these biostructures; and (iii) the interaction between bacteria and host tissues and cells during PVMI.Results: In this model we demonstrated that the biofilm structures are correlated to the activity of antibiotics. Furthermore, live S. aureus bacteria were visualized inside the macrophages present at the biofilm sites, which is significant as antibiotics do not penetrate these immune cells.Conclusions: This intracellular situation may explain the limited effect of antibiotics and also why PVMIs can relapse after antibiotic therapy.

Published
2018

31. A Meta-Analysis of Outcomes After In Situ Reconstructions for Aortic Graft Infection

Author

Michel Batt, Matthieu Revest, Frederic Laurent, Christian Chidiac, Amandine Coffy, Jocelyne Caillon, Jean Pierre Daures, Brigitte Calvet, Patrick Feugier, Eric Senneville, Fabrice Camou, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Aide à la Décision pour une Médecine Personnalisé - Laboratoire de Biostatistique, Epidémiologie et Recherche Clinique - EA 2415 (AIDMP), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Unité de Chirurgie Vasculaire, CHU Lyon, Hôpital Saint-André, Département des Maladies Infectieuses [CH Tourcoing] (Hôpital Gustave Dron), Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing-Centre Hospitalier Gustave Dron [Tourcoing], Service de bactériologie et hygiène hospitalière [Nantes], Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), CH Béziers, Pathogénie des Staphylocoques – Staphylococcal Pathogenesis (StaPath), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - UMR (CIRI), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), Centre Hospitalier Gustave Dron [Tourcoing]-Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Reoperation, medicine.medical_specialty, Prosthesis-Related Infections, reconstruction, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Treatment outcome, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Prosthesis Design, Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Blood vessel prosthesis, Humans, Medicine, Prosthesis design, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prosthesis-Related Infection, Aortic graft, business.industry, in situ, infection, Blood Vessel Prosthesis, 3. Good health, Surgery, Treatment Outcome, surgical procedures, operative, graft, cardiovascular system, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, aortic
Abstract

Objective: To confirm the advantage of in situ reconstruction (ISR) over extra-anatomic reconstruction (EAR) for aortic graft infection and determine the most appropriate conduit including autogenous veins, cryopreserved allografts, and synthetic prosthesis (standard, rifampicin of silver polyesters). Methods: A meta-analysis was conducted with rate of mortality, graft occlusion, amputation, and reinfection. A meta-regression was performed with 4 factors: patients’ age, presence of prosthetic-duodenal fistula (PDF), virulent organisms, or nonvirulent organisms. Results: In situ reconstruction over EAR seems to favor all events. For the 5 conduits used for ISR, according to operative mortality, age of the patients looks to have a positive correlation only for silver polyester and no conduit present any advantage in the presence of PDF. Reinfection seems to be not significantly different for the 5 conduits, and only autogenous veins appear to have a positive correlation with infecting organisms. Conclusion: In situ reconstruction may be considered as first-line treatment. Our results suggest that silver polyesters appear to be most appropriate for older patients, and in order to limit reinfection, autogenous veins are probably the most suitable conduit.

Published
2018

32. A Meta-Analysis of Outcomes of In Situ Reconstruction after Total or Partial Removal of Infected Abdominal Aortic Grafts?

Author

Fabrice Camou, Eric Senneville, Jocelyne Caillon, Patrick Feugier, Michel Batt, Jean Pierre Daures, Christian Chidiac, Matthieu Revest, Frédéric Laurent, Amandine Coffy, and Brigitte Calvet

Subjects
Aortic graft, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Operative mortality, General Medicine, Partial resection, Gastroenterology, Amputation, Patient age, Internal medicine, Meta-analysis, Total removal, Medicine, business, Statistical correlation
Abstract

Objective: To determine the most appropriate indication for total resection (TR) or partial resection(PR) of infected aortic grafts.Methods: A meta-analysis was conducted on the rates of early/late mortality, amputations and reinfection. A meta-regression was performed with 8 variables: patient age, male prevalence, presence of prosthetic duodenal fistula (PDF), presence of virulent or nonvirulent organisms, urgency, omentoplasty and follow-up.Results: For TR and PR, the rates of early mortality and reinfection were 16.8% and 10.5%, 11% and 27% respectively.For TR, the rates of early mortality and reinfection for in situ reconstruction with allografts and veins were 23% and 10.7%, 10.5% and 2.8% respectively.For TR, urgency, male gender and omentoplasty all had a negative correlation with early mortality. Omentoplasty had a positive correlation with late mortality. Male gender, PDF and virulent organisms had a negative correlation with reinfection, whereas nonvirulent organisms had a positive correlation. Presence of PDF and follow-up had a negative correlation with amputation, whereas male gender had a positive correlation. For PR, no statistical correlation was analyzable except a negative correlation between PDF and reinfection.Conclusion: For TR, operative mortality increases in males, and in emergencies, so total removal of the infected aortic graft seems not advisable, and alternative interventions should be considered. With regard to the risk of reinfection, TR appears recommendable in the presence of nonvirulent infectious organisms, but there is increased risk in the presence of virulent organisms and PDF, and so other optimal options may be discussed.For PR results were not analyzable except for a negative correlation in the presence of PDF.

Published
2018

33. Is There an Association Between Use of Amoxicillin-Clavulanate and Resistance to Third-Generation Cephalosporins in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli at the Hospital Level?

Author

Marie-Anne Vibet, Eric Batard, Aurélie Marquet, Guillaume Chapelet, François Javaudin, Emmanuel Montassier, Jocelyne Caillon, Laboratoire de Mathématiques Jean Leray (LMJL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Thérapeutiques cliniques et expérimentales des infections (EA 3826) (EA 3826), Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Service des Urgences [CHU Nantes], Hôtel-Dieu de Nantes, and Microbiotes, Hôtes, Antibiotiques et Résistances bactériennes (MiHAR) (MiHAR)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), medicine.drug_class, Klebsiella pneumoniae, 030106 microbiology, Immunology, Cephalosporin, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, beta-Lactamases, Third generation cephalosporins, 03 medical and health sciences, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, Escherichia coli, medicine, Humans, Antibiotic use, Clavulanic Acid, Escherichia coli Infections, Hospital use, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Pharmacology, AMOXICILLIN/CLAVULANATE, biology, business.industry, Hospital level, biology.organism_classification, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Cephalosporins, Klebsiella Infections, 3. Good health, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business
Abstract

Amoxicillin-clavulanate is extensively used in European hospitals. Whether the hospital use of amoxicillin-clavulanate is associated with nonsusceptibility to third-generation cephalosporins (3GC) in Klebsiella pneumoniae is unknown. Our aim was to assess the relationship between the hospital use of amoxicillin-clavulanate and 3GC nonsusceptibility in K. pneumoniae and Escherichia coli.Yearly data of antibiotic use and 3GC nonsusceptibility in K. pneumoniae and E. coli were obtained from 33 French hospitals between 2011 and 2016. Decreased susceptibility to 3GC and Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) production were modelled from antibiotic use with linear mixed models on years 2011 to 2015, and validated on year 2016.Nonsusceptibility to 3GC increased in K. pneumoniae and E. coli. In a multivariable model that included year and use of 3GC and fluoroquinolones as explanatory variables, amoxicillin-clavulanate use was protective against 3GC nonsusceptibility in K. pneumoniae (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.992 [0.988-0.997]), and with ESBL production in K. pneumoniae (IRR, 0.989 [0.985-0.992]). The correlation coefficient between observed and predicted numbers of 3GC-nonsusceptible K. pneumoniae in 2016 was 0.95 (95% confidence interval, 0.89-0.98). There was no significant association between amoxicillin-clavulanate use and 3GC nonsusceptibility in E. coli.Amoxicillin-clavulanate hospital use was protective against nonsusceptibility to 3GC in K. pneumoniae. Conversely, it was not associated with susceptibility to 3GC in E. coli. To decrease the hospital use of 3GC and fluoroquinolones, and 3GC nonsusceptibility in K. pneumoniae, it may be acceptable to increase the hospital use of amoxicillin-clavulanate. Interventional studies are necessary to confirm this hypothesis.

Published
2017

34. In vitro activity of josamycin against Streptococcus pyogenes isolated from patients with upper respiratory tract infections in France

Author

Claire Poyart, M.-C. Ploy, Roland Leclercq, Jocelyne Caillon, P. Weber, Vincent Cattoir, and M. Auzou

Subjects
Josamycin, Respiratory tract infections, Streptococcus pyogenes, Broth microdilution, Clindamycin, Erythromycin, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, Biology, Azithromycin, medicine.disease_cause, Pharyngitis, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, medicine, Humans, France, medicine.symptom, Respiratory Tract Infections, medicine.drug
Abstract

Objectives The primary objective of our study was to obtain susceptibility data for josamycin against Streptococcus pyogenes isolated from patients presenting with upper respiratory tract infections in France. The secondary objective was to characterize the molecular mechanism of resistance in macrolide-resistant isolates. Patients and methods MICs of erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, josamycin, and clindamycin were determined by the broth microdilution method. Resistance genes erm(B), erm(TR), and mef(A) were screened by PCR. Results The MIC50 and MIC90 of josamycin against 193 isolates of S. pyogenes were 0.12 and 0.25 mg/L, respectively, with a resistance rate estimated at 4.7%. Resistance was due to the erm(B) gene whereas strains harboring erm(TR) or mef(A) remained susceptible. Conclusions Josamycin was active against >95% of S. pyogenes isolated from patients with upper respiratory tract infections, and can be used as an alternative for the treatment of pharyngitis.

Published
2015

35. Challenges of controlling a large outbreak of OXA-48 carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in a French university hospital

Author

Jocelyne Caillon, G. Blancho, David Boutoille, B. Semin-Pelletier, C. Bourigault, Stéphane Corvec, L. Cazet, J. Connault, Didier Lepelletier, Eric Batard, C. Agard, M.-E. Juvin, M. Hourmant, and F. Raffi

Subjects
Adult, Male, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, Klebsiella pneumoniae, beta-Lactamases, Disease Outbreaks, Hospitals, University, Young Adult, Disease Transmission, Infectious, medicine, Humans, Index case, Epidemic strain, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cross Infection, Infection Control, biology, business.industry, Outbreak, General Medicine, Carbapenemase producing, Middle Aged, biology.organism_classification, University hospital, Klebsiella Infections, Infectious Diseases, Cohort, Emergency medicine, Female, France, Urine sample, business
Abstract

A large outbreak of OXA-48 carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae at Nantes University Hospital was investigated. The index case had no history of travel or hospitalization abroad and had been hospitalized in the internal medicine department for more than one month when the epidemic strain was isolated from a urine sample in June 2013. Seventy-two secondary cases were detected by weekly screening for gastrointestinal colonization during the two phases of the outbreak from June to October 2013 (33 cases) and from November 2013 to August 2014 (39 cases). Spread of the epidemic strain was attributed to the proximity of, and staff movement between, the infectious diseases (32 cases) and the internal medicine (26 cases) departments; 14 secondary cases were also observed in the renal transplant department following the transfer of an exposed patient from the infectious diseases department. Most of the patients (90%) were colonized and no death was linked to the epidemic strain. More than 3000 contact patients were reviewed and 6000 rectal swabs were performed. Initial control measures failed to control the outbreak owing to the late detection of the index case. The late implementation of three successive cohort units, the large number of transfers between wards, and the frequent readmission of cases contributed to the incomplete success of control measures.

Published
2015

36. Pharmacokinetics of linezolid treatment using intravenous and oral administrations in extremely premature infants

Author

Jean-Christophe Rozé, Jocelyne Caillon, Dominique Navas, Christèle Gras-Le Guen, Arnaud Legrand, Mélanie Sicard, Cédric Jacqueline, Elise Launay, Guillaume Deslandes, Université de Nantes (UN), Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles (PhAN), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Nantes (UN)

Subjects
Male, Antibiotics, Administration, Oral, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Pharmacology (medical), 0303 health sciences, Leukopenia, Premature infants, General Medicine, Staphylococcal Infections, [SDV.SP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences, Anti-Bacterial Agents, 3. Good health, Treatment Outcome, Infant, Extremely Premature, Anesthesia, Injections, Intravenous, Vancomycin, Female, medicine.symptom, medicine.drug, Staphylococcus aureus, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.drug_class, Gestational Age, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Neutropenia, Sepsis, 03 medical and health sciences, 030225 pediatrics, Intensive care, Internal medicine, Staphylococcus epidermidis, medicine, Humans, Pharmacokinetics, Adverse effect, Retrospective Studies, Pharmacology, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, Linezolid, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, bacterial infections and mycoses, medicine.disease, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, chemistry, bacteria, business, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract

International audience; Introduction Vancomycin is the usual antibiotic treatment in coagulase-negative staphylococcus sepsis in premature infants but causes renal toxicity. As linezolid is effective in Gram-positive cocci infection, and devoid of renal side-effects, it has been used in Nantes neonatal intensive care units and linezolid plasma concentrations were monitored. Aim The aims of this study are to report data on linezolid concentrations in premature infants, describe clinical and bacteriological evolution during treatment, and determine potential side effects. Methods A retrospective observational study of premature infants treated with linezolid in Nantes Hospital from January 2008 through November 2011 was conducted. Linezolid plasma concentrations, possible side effects due to linezolid, and clinical response to linezolid treatment were collected from folder review. Results Twenty-four linezolid plasma concentrations were monitored in 16 premature patients, at steady state for continuous intravenous administration or 7 ± 1.5 h after last oral administration. Except for one case, linezolid plasma concentrations were ≥minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) for linezolid for both parenteral and oral administrations. We observed three cases of thrombocytopenia, two of leukopenia, three of neutropenia, and one of severe hyperlactacidemia, resolving after discontinuation of treatment. Clinical signs of infection resolved in 13/16 cases. Bacteria were coagulase-negative Staphylococci in 12/16 cases and were eradicated in 9/12 evaluable cases. Conclusions This study reports an adequate linezolid plasma concentration with regard to the linezolid MIC in extremely premature infants. However, considering adverse events reported, its use should be cautious and may concern only oral administration during the late phase of infection, to limit paradoxical catheter use to treat nosocomial infections. Moreover, safe and efficient anti-Staphylococcus therapies should be identified to treat this vulnerable population.

Published
2015

37. Tetracycline use in the community may promote decreased susceptibility to quinolones in Escherichia coli isolates

Author

S. Thibaut, Jocelyne Caillon, J. Pivette, Stéphane Corvec, Emmanuel Montassier, Didier Lepelletier, Marie-Anne Vibet, Eric Batard, Thérapeutiques cliniques et expérimentales des infections (EA 3826) (EA 3826), Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Laboratoire de Mathématiques Jean Leray (LMJL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Service de bactériologie et hygiène hospitalière [Nantes], and Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Adult, Male, Nalidixic acid, medicine.drug_class, Tetracycline, 030106 microbiology, Antibiotics, Drug resistance, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Nalidixic Acid, Ciprofloxacin, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, medicine, Escherichia coli, Humans, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Escherichia coli Infections, Retrospective Studies, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Quinolone, biology.organism_classification, Enterobacteriaceae, 3. Good health, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Community-Acquired Infections, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Female, medicine.drug
Abstract

We previously found that the hospital use of tetracyclines is associated with quinolone resistance in hospital isolates of Enterobacteriaceae. Tetracyclines are heavily used in the community. Our aim was to assess whether their use in the community favors quinolone resistance in community isolates of Escherichia coli. Monthly data of community antibiotics use and E. coli quinolone resistance in a 1.3 million inhabitant French area were obtained from 2009 to 2014, and were analyzed with autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models. Quinolone use decreased from 10.1% of the total antibiotic use in 2009 to 9.3% in 2014 (trend, − 0.016; p-value

Published
2017

38. Predominance of healthcare-associated cases among episodes of community-onset bacteraemia due to extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae

Author

Jean-Ralph Zahar, Philippe Lesprit, Stephane Ruckly, Aurelia Eden, Hitoto Hikombo, Louis Bernard, Stephan Harbarth, Jean-François Timsit, Christian Brun-Buisson, Nejla Aissa, Alain Losniewski, Sandrine Henard, Christian Rabaud, Cécile Janssen, Léonardo Pagani, Stéphane Bland, Jacques Gaillat, Jean Pierre Bru, Pierre Bonnin, Gaelle Clavère, Virginie Vitrat, Laurence Maulin, Luc Quarsaet, Helene Roger, Jean-Baptiste Euzen, Eric Denes, Elodie Couve-Daecon, Catherine Lechiche, Jean-Philippe Lavigne, Véronique Mondain, Celine Pulcini, Veronique Garnier, Dorothée Lambert, Maxime Hentzien, Yohan Nguyen, Jean Paul Talarmin, Pascaline Rameau, Françoise Geffroy, Arnaud Salmon-Rousseau, Vincent Cattoir, Antoine Froissart, Said Aberrane, Laurence Legout, France Roblot, Guillaume Beraud, Patricia Pavese, Olivier Belmonte, Nicolas Traversier, Laurent Bellec, Marie Lagrange-Xelot, Marie-Pierre Moiton, Barbara Kuli, Pascal Longuet, Agnes Scanvic, Lea Colombain, Milagros Ferreyra, Maxime Jean, Etienne Laurens, Matthieu Saada, Hugues Aumaitre, Martine Malet, Frederique Roustant, Vincent LeMoing, Jean-Pierre Helene, Jonathan Theodore, Caroline Garandeau, Jocelyne Caillon, Benjamin Olivero, David Boutoille, Didier Lepelletier, Lucia Grandière-Perez, Aurélie Beaudron, Céline Ramanantsoa, Catherine Varache, Nicolas Varache, Nicolas Crochette, Hikombo Hitoto, Sophie Blanchi, Pascale Penn, Bernard Louis, Dominique Vanjak, Marie-Christine Escande, René-Gilles Patrigeon, Stéphanie Honoré, Audrey Barrelet, Marlène Amara, Jean-Marc Galempoix, Jean-Claude Réveil, Patricia Bucchiotty, Carine Couzigou, Alban LeMonnier, Emilie Boidin, Stephane Sire, Nelly Luizy, Caroline Bronstain, Carolina Fankhauser, Caroline Brossier, Elodie von Dach, Colette Sauve, Marie-Noelle Adam, Laurent Hocqueloux, Laurent Bret, Marie-Hélène André, Régine Barruet, Marion Challier, Andre Cabié, Benoit Roze, Patrick Plesiat, Katy Jeanot, Isabelle Patry, Joséphine Moreau, Catherine Chirouze, Aaron Laurent, Marie-Nadège Bachelier, Guillaume Kac, Nicolas Farthouat, Nicolas Feuillebois, Thomas Guimard, Sandra Bourdon, Sophie Nguyen, Serge Alfandari, Houcine Bentayeb, Mari-Thérèse Albertini, Bruno Marchou, Noémie Gaudré, Damien Dubois, Christelle Guillet-Caruba, Florence Doucet Populaire, Nicolas Fortineau, Leila Escaut, Vincent Fihman, Rémy Gauzit, Josette Raymond, Solene Kerneis, Veronique Leflon-Guibout, Agnes Lefort, Aurelien Dinh, Anne-Laure Roux, Sophie Abgrall, Françoise Jauréguy, Jean-Christophe Lucet, Nathalie Soismier, Amanda Lopes, Emmanuelle Cambau, Veronique Manceron, Guilène Barnaud, Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Infection, Anti-microbiens, Modélisation, Evolution (IAME (UMR_S_1137 / U1137)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), Hôpital Foch [Suresnes], Outcomerea, Centre Hospitalier Saint Jean de Perpignan, Centre Hospitalier Le Mans (CH Le Mans), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU TOURS), Faculté de médecine [Genève], Prévention et contrôle des infections (PCI ), Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève (HUG), Services de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [CHU Bichat], AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service de réanimation médicale, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, Pediatrics, Bacteremia, Community-Acquired Infections/epidemiology/microbiology, Antibiotic appropriateness, Klebsiella spp, 0302 clinical medicine, Healthcare associated, Risk Factors, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Prevalence, Risk of mortality, Medicine, Pharmacology (medical), Prospective Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, beta-Lactamases/secretion, Community onset, ddc:616, Aged, 80 and over, Cross Infection, education.field_of_study, biology, Enterobacteriaceae Infections, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Enterobacteriaceae, 3. Good health, Community-Acquired Infections, Treatment Outcome, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Cross Infection/microbiology, Female, Bacteremia/epidemiology/microbiology, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, 030106 microbiology, Population, beta-Lactamases, 03 medical and health sciences, Extended-spectrum β-lactamase, Antibiotic therapy, Enterobacteriaceae/classification/enzymology/isolation & purification, Humans, Risk factor, education, Aged, Enterobacteriaceae Infections/epidemiology/microbiology, business.industry, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, biology.organism_classification, bacterial infections and mycoses, Survival Analysis, Risk factors, [SDV.SP.PHARMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Pharmacology, Bacteraemia, business
Abstract

International audience; Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) are endemic pathogens worldwide. Infection with ESBL-PE may be associated with inadequate antibiotic therapy and a poor outcome. However, risk factors for ESBL-PE community-acquired infections are ill-defined. An observational multicentre study was performed in 50 hospitals to identify the prevalence of and risk factors for community-acquired ESBL-PE bacteraemia. All patients presenting with community-onset Enterobacteriaceae bacteraemia were recorded over a 2-month period (between June and November 2013). Risk factors and 14-day outcomes of patients were investigated. Among 682 Enterobacteriaceae bacteraemia episodes recorded, 58 (8.5%) were caused by ESBL-PE. The most frequent species isolated were Escherichia coli (537; 76.7%) and Klebsiella spp. (68; 9.7%), of which 49 (9.1%) and 8 (11.8%), respectively, were ESBL-producers. Most ESBL-PE episodes were healthcare-associated, and only 22 (38%) were apparently community-acquired. The main risk factor for community-acquired ESBL-PE bacteraemia was a prior hospital stay of ≥5 days within the past year. The overall 14-day survival was 90%; only 4 (6.9%) of 58 patients with ESBL-PE bacteraemia died. Inadequate initial antibiotic therapy was administered to 55% of patients with ESBL-PE bacteraemia but was not associated with increased 14-day mortality. Although many patients had community-onset ESBL-PE bacteraemia, almost two-thirds of the episodes were actually healthcare-associated, and true community-acquired ESBL-PE bacteraemia remains rare. In our essentially non-severely ill population, inappropriate initial therapy was not associated with a higher risk of mortality.

Published
2017

39. Dry Care Versus Antiseptics for Umbilical Cord Care: A Cluster Randomized Trial

Author

Bruno Giraudeau, Gisèle Gremmo-Feger, Jean Christophe Roze, Cécile Boscher, A. Legrand, Jocelyne Caillon, Patrick Pladys, Christèle Gras-Le Guen, Dominique Saillant, Nathalie Godon, Christophe Savagner, Emmanuelle Descombes, Agnès Caille, Elise Launay, Sébastien Barbarot, Clinique Médicale et Service d'Urgences Pédiatriques, Hôpital Mère-Enfant, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Centre d’Investigation Clinique de Nantes (CIC Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Centre d’Investigation Clinique [Tours] CIC 1415 (CIC ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)-Hôpital Bretonneau-Université de Tours-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Thérapeutiques cliniques et expérimentales des infections (EA 3826) (EA 3826), Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique (BREST - Gynéco-Obs), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Centre d'Investigation Clinique [Rennes] (CIC), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de dermatologie [Nantes], Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Service de Médecine Néonatale, Université de Nantes (UN), Université Francois Rabelais [Tours], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)-Hôpital Bretonneau-Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Subjects
Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Cord, medicine.drug_class, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Umbilical cord, law.invention, Umbilical Cord, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, Antiseptic, prevention, law, 030225 pediatrics, southern nepal, medicine, Cluster Analysis, Humans, Surgical Wound Infection, 030212 general & internal medicine, Omphalitis, bacterial-colonization, Intention-to-treat analysis, Cross-Over Studies, business.industry, Chlorhexidine, chlorhexidine, Infant, Newborn, infection, 3. Good health, Neonatal infection, medicine.anatomical_structure, omphalitis, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Infant Care, neonatal-mortality, Anti-Infective Agents, Local, Female, France, business, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, medicine.drug
Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In developed countries, where omphalitis has become rare and related mortality nil, benefits of antiseptic use in umbilical cord care have not been demonstrated. We aimed to assess the noninferiority of dry care compared with antiseptics in France where antiseptic use is widespread. METHODS: We conducted a noninferiority, cluster-randomized, 2-period crossover trial, in 6 French university maternity units including all infants born after 36 weeks’ gestation. Maternity units were randomly assigned to provide either their usual antiseptic care or a dry care umbilical cord method for a 4-month period, and then units switched to the alternate cord cleansing method for a 4-month period. The primary outcome was neonatal omphalitis, adjudicated by an independent blinded committee based on all available photographs, clinical, and bacteriological data. We used a noninferiority margin of 0.4%. Analysis was performed per protocol and by intention to treat. RESULTS: Among 8698 participants, omphalitis occurred in 3 of 4293 (0.07%) newborns in the dry care group and in none of the 4404 newborns in the antiseptic care group (crude difference: 0.07; 95% confidence interval: –0.03 to 0.21). Late neonatal infection, parental appreciation of difficulty in care, and time to separation of the cord were not significantly different between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Dry cord was noninferior to the use of antiseptics in preventing omphalitis in full-term newborns in a developed country. Antiseptic use in umbilical cord care is therefore unnecessary, constraining, and expensive in high-income countries and may be replaced by dry care.

Published
2017

40. Erratum to 'Predominance of healthcare-associated cases among episodes of community-onset bacteraemia due to extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae' [International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 49/1 67-73]

Author

Jean-Ralph Zahar, Philippe Lesprit, Stephane Ruckly, Aurelia Eden, Hitoto Hikombo, Louis Bernard, Stephan Harbarth, Jean-Francois Timsit, Christian Brun-Buisson, Jean Carlet, Pierre Dellamonica, Remy Gauzit, Christian Rabaud, Serge Alfandari, Robert Cohen, Bruno Coignard, Celine Pulcini, Jerome Robert, Nejla Aissa, Alain Losniewski, Sandrine Henard, Cecile Janssen, Leonardo Pagani, Stephane Bland, Jacques Gaillat, Jean Pierre Bru, Pierre Bonnin, Gaelle Clavere, Virginie Vitrat, Laurence Maulin, Luc Quarsaet, Helene Roger, Jean-Baptiste Euzen, Eric Denes, Elodie Couve-Daecon, Catherine Lechiche, Jean-Philippe Lavigne, Veronique Mondain, Veronique Garnier, Dorothee Lambert, Maxime Hentzien, Yohan Nguyen, Jean Paul Talarmin, Pascaline Rameau, Francoise Geffroy, Arnaud Salmon-Rousseau, Vincent Cattoir, Antoine Froissart, Said Aberrane, Laurence Legout, France Roblot, Guillaume Beraud, Patricia Pavese, Olivier Belmonte, Nicolas Traversier, Laurent Bellec, Marie Lagrange-Xelot, Marie-Pierre Moiton, Barbara Kuli, Pascal Longuet, Agnes Scanvic, Lea Colombain, Milagros Ferreyra, Maxime Jean, Etienne Laurens, Matthieu Saada, Hugues Aumaitre, Martine Malet, Frederique Roustant, Vincent LeMoing, Jean-Pierre Helene, Jonathan Theodore, Caroline Garandeau, Jocelyne Caillon, Benjamin Olivero, David Boutoille, Didier Lepelletier, Lucia Grandiere-Perez, Aurelie Beaudron, Celine Ramanantsoa, Catherine Varache, Nicolas Varache, Nicolas Crochette, Hikombo Hitoto, Sophie Blanchi, Pascale Penn, Bernard Louis, Dominique Vanjak, Marie-Christine Escande, Rene-Gilles Patrigeon, Stephanie Honore, Audrey Barrelet, Marlene Amara, Jean-Marc Galempoix, Jean-Claude Reveil, Patricia Bucchiotty, Carine Couzigou, Alban LeMonnier, Emilie Boidin, Stephane Sire, Nelly Luizy, Caroline Bronstain, Carolina Fankhauser, Caroline Brossier, Elodie von Dach, Colette Sauve, Marie-Noelle Adam, Laurent Hocqueloux, Laurent Bret, Marie-Helene Andre, Regine Barruet, Marion Challier, Andre Cabie, Benoit Roze, Patrick Plesiat, Katy Jeanot, Isabelle Patry, Josephine Moreau, Catherine Chirouze, Aaron Laurent, Marie-Nadege Bachelier, Guillaume Kac, Nicolas Farthouat, Nicolas Feuillebois, Thomas Guimard, Sandra Bourdon, Sophie Nguyen, Houcine Bentayeb, Mari-Therese Albertini, Bruno Marchou, Noemie Gaudre, Damien Dubois, Christelle Guillet-Caruba, Florence Doucet Populaire, Nicolas Fortineau, Leila Escaut, Vincent Fihman, Josette Raymond, Solene Kerneis, Veronique Leflon-Guibout, Agnes Lefort, Aurelien Dinh, Anne-Laure Roux, Sophie Abgrall, Francoise Jaureguy, Jean-Christophe Lucet, Nathalie Soismier, Amanda Lopes, Emmanuelle Cambau, Veronique Manceron, Guilene Barnaud, Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Infection, Anti-microbiens, Modélisation, Evolution (IAME (UMR_S_1137 / U1137)), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hôpital Foch [Suresnes], Centre Hospitalier Saint Jean de Perpignan, Service d'Infectiologie et des maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CH Le Mans] | Infectious and tropical disease department [Le Mans hospital], Centre Hospitalier Le Mans (CH Le Mans), Hôpital Bretonneau, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Prévention et contrôle des infections (PCI ), Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève (HUG), Services de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [CHU Bichat], AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Service des maladies infectieuses, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice)-University Hospital, Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Réseau Antibiolor, Stress, Immunité, Pathogènes (SIMPA), Université de Lorraine (UL), Centre Hospitalier Tourcoing, Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U912 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Bactériologie [CHU Nancy], Institute for Computational Modeling in Civil Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig], Imperial College London, Service des Maladies Infectieuses, Centre Hospitalier de la Région d'Annecy (Pringy), Service des Maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Limoges], CHU Limoges, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), CH Cornouaille, Plateforme imagerie et cytométrie (PFIC), Analyse moléculaire, modélisation et imagerie de la maladie cancéreuse (AMMICa), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), Evaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicales - ULR 2694 (METRICS), Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Institute of New Imaging Technologies (INIT), Universitat Jaume I, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de La Réunion (CHU La Réunion), Unité des maladies infectieuses, Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard, CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Laboratoire Cliniques Pathologique et Interculturelle (LCPI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), SAD Paysage (SAD Paysage), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Service des maladies infectieuses CHU Perpignan, Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques et émergentes (TransVIHMI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Yaoundé I-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Département de Chimie Moléculaire (DCM), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Thérapeutiques cliniques et expérimentales des infections (EA 3826) (EA 3826), Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Centre de Recherche en Ingénierie financière et finance Publique (CRIFP), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Nantes], Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Service de bactériologie et hygiène hospitalière [Nantes], Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Centre de Recherches en Oncologie biologique et Oncopharmacologie (CRO2), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier de Charleville-Mezières, Université de Bordeaux (UB), Institut de Recherche Dupuy de Lôme (IRDL), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Cell Biology, Sciences III, Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [Fort-de-France, Martinique], CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Hôpital Pierre Zobda-Quitman [CHU de la Martinique], CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Martinique [Fort-de-France, Martinique], CHU Fort de France-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Hôpital Pierre Zobda-Quitman [CHU de la Martinique], CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France], Agents pathogènes et inflammation - UFC (EA 4266) (API), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Institut de l'élevage (IDELE), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon)-Hôpital Saint-Jacques, Laboratoire d'Informatique de l'Université du Mans (LIUM), Le Mans Université (UM), Physiopathologie de l'Endothelium, Vascular research center of Marseille (VRCM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service des maladies infectieuses et réanimation médicale [Rennes] = Infectious Disease and Intensive Care [Rennes], Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Tourcoing, Homéostasie Cellulaire et Pathologies (HCP), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-CHU Limoges-Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST FR CNRS 3503), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Laboratoire Montpelliérain d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée (LAMETA), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics, and Mechanics [Warsaw] (MIMUW), University of Warsaw (UW), Service de Microbiologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Hôpital Beaujon [AP-HP], Services des maladies infectieuses, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Raymond Poincaré [AP-HP], Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Département de Médecine interne [Lariboisière], Hôpital Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Emergence de la résistance bactérienne in vivo (EA3964), AP-HP Groupe Hospitalier Lariboisière, Laboratoire d'ethnologie et de sociologie comparative (LESC), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Equipe mobile d'infectiologie, CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Service Microbiologie-Hygiène Hospitalière, Institut franco-allemand de recherche de Saint-Louis, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU), Unité d’Otologie, implants auditifs et chirurgie de la base du crâne [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Service d'Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques er émergentes (TransVIHMI), CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Epidémiologie pronostique des cancers et affections graves, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Infection Control Programme and WHO Collaborating Centre on Patient Safety, CHU Cochin [AP-HP], Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Technische Universität Braunschweig [Braunschweig], Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Génie Informatique et Ingénierie de Production (LGI2P), IMT - MINES ALES (IMT - MINES ALES), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Service d'Otologie, Implants auditifs et Chirurgie de la base du crâne [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Santé publique : épidémiologie et qualité des soins-EA 2694 (CERIM), Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses (TransVIHMI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Universtié Yaoundé 1 [Cameroun]-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Geneva [Switzerland], Université Laval, Fonctionnement et conduite des systèmes de culture tropicaux et méditerranéens (UMR SYSTEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] (CHRU Besançon), Institut de l'Elevage, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] (CHRU Besançon)-Hôpital Saint-Jacques, Service des maladies infectieuses et réanimation médicale, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Hôpital Pontchaillou, Université de Sherbrooke [Sherbrooke], Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics, and Mechanics [Warsaw], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Hôpital Beaujon, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-AP-HP Hôpital Raymond Poincaré [Garches], Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital Avicenne-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Université Paris 13 (UP13), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université, Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Yaoundé I-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), CHU Fort de France-Hôpital Pierre Zobda-Quitman [CHU de la Martinique], CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Service des maladies infectieuses et réanimation médicale [Rennes], Hôpital Beaujon [AP-HP], Cholley, Pascal, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Hôpital Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal [APHP], Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), CHU Nice-University Hospital, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy ( CHRU Nancy ), Laboratoire de Physiologie des Invertébrés ( LPI ), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) ( LEMAR ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer ( IUEM ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale ( SESSTIM ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -ORS PACA-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis ( UNS ), Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie ( IMPMC ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie ( IRAP ), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées ( OMP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Equipe Poitevine de Recherche et d'Encadrement Doctoral en sciences criminelles de Poitiers ( EPRED ), Université de Poitiers, Laboratoire de Génie Informatique et Ingénierie de Production ( LGI2P ), IMT - Mines Alès Ecole Mines - Télécom ( IMT - MINES ALES ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon ( INSA Lyon ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ), Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand ( LPC ), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 ( UBP ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims ( CHU de Reims ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Plateforme imagerie et cytométrie ( PFIC ), Analyse moléculaire, modélisation et imagerie de la maladie cancéreuse ( AMMICa ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut Gustave Roussy ( IGR ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut Gustave Roussy ( IGR ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Service NEUROSPIN ( NEUROSPIN ), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) ( DRF (CEA) ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay, CHU de Poitiers, Santé publique : épidémiologie et qualité des soins-EA 2694 ( CERIM ), Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] ( CHRU Lille ), Institute of New Imaging Technologies ( INIT ), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de La Réunion ( CHU La Réunion ), Laboratoire Cliniques Pathologique et Interculturelle ( LCPI ), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès ( UT2J ), SAD Paysage ( SAD Paysage ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AGROCAMPUS OUEST, VIH/SIDA et maladies associées, Université Montpellier 1 ( UM1 ), Département de Chimie Moléculaire ( DCM ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), Thérapeutiques Cliniques et Expérimentales des Infections, Université de Nantes ( UN ), Centre de Recherche en Ingénierie financière et finance Publique ( CRIFP ), Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes ( CHU Nantes ), Université de Nantes ( UN ) -Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes ( CHU Nantes ), Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] ( TIMONE ), Centre de Recherches en Oncologie biologique et Oncopharmacologie ( CRO2 ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) - Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] ( TIMONE ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Université de Bordeaux ( UB ), Laboratoire Environnement Géomécanique et Ouvrages ( LAEGO ), Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine ( INPL ), Institut de Recherche Dupuy de Lôme ( IRDL ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -ENSTA Bretagne-Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Université de Bretagne Sud ( UBS ), Fonctionnement et conduite des systèmes de culture tropicaux et méditerranéens ( SYSTEM ), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] ( WUR ), CHU de la Martinique-Hôpital Pierre Zobda-Quitman [CHU de la Martinique], CHU de la Martinique-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Martinique [Fort-de-France, Martinique], CHU Fort de France-CHU de la Martinique-Hôpital Pierre Zobda-Quitman [CHU de la Martinique], CHU de la Martinique, Agents pathogènes et inflammation - UFC (EA 4266) ( API ), Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] ( CHRU Besançon ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] ( CHRU Besançon ) -Hôpital Saint-Jacques, Laboratoire d'Informatique de l'Université du Mans ( LIUM ), Le Mans Université ( UM ), Vascular research center of Marseille ( VRCM ), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Hôpital Pontchaillou, Homéostasie Cellulaire et Pathologies ( HCP ), Université de Limoges ( UNILIM ) -CHU Limoges-Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique ( GEIST FR CNRS 3503 ), Hôpital Purpan - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Laboratoire Montpelliérain d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée ( LAMETA ), Université Montpellier 1 ( UM1 ) -Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 ( UM3 ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), University of Warsaw ( UW ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Hôpital Beaujon, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-AP-HP Hôpital Raymond Poincaré [Garches], Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble ( IPAG ), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble ( OSUG ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôpital Avicenne-Université Paris 13 ( UP13 ), Infection, Antimicrobiens, Modélisation, Evolution ( IAME ), Université Paris 13 ( UP13 ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Université Sorbonne Paris Cité ( USPC ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Hôpital Lariboisière, Emergence de la résistance bactérienne in vivo ( EA3964 ), Laboratoire d'ethnologie et de sociologie comparative ( LESC ), Université Paris Nanterre ( UPN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ), Hopital Necker-Enfants Malades, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] ( CHU ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST FR CNRS 3503)-CHU Limoges, and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris 13 (UP13)

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), 0303 health sciences, medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, biology, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Antimicrobial, Enterobacteriaceae, 3. Good health, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Infectious Diseases, Healthcare associated, [ SDV.MHEP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, medicine, Pharmacology (medical), 030212 general & internal medicine, Intensive care medicine, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Community onset
Abstract

International audience

Published
2017

41. In vivo efficacy of ceftolozane against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a rabbit experimental model of pneumonia: Comparison with ceftazidime, piperacillin/tazobactam and imipenem

Author

Christophe Guitton, Gilles Potel, Jocelyne Caillon, Cédric Jacqueline, Cédric Bretonnière, David Boutoille, and Cyndie Desessard

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Imipenem, Colony Count, Microbial, Penicillanic Acid, Ceftazidime, Pharmacology, Tazobactam, Microbiology, Pharmacokinetics, Pneumonia, Bacterial, Animals, Humans, Medicine, Pseudomonas Infections, Pharmacology (medical), Piperacillin, business.industry, Animal Structures, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Bacterial Load, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Cephalosporins, Disease Models, Animal, Pneumonia, Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination, Treatment Outcome, Infectious Diseases, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Piperacillin/tazobactam, Female, Ceftolozane, Rabbits, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare ceftolozane with ceftazidime, piperacillin/tazobactam (TZP) and imipenem in an experimental rabbit model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. Efficacy was assessed following 2 days of treatment by total colony counts in different tissues (lung, spleen and blood culture). Mean ± standard deviation pulmonary bacterial loads were 4.9 ± 0.3, 3.6 ± 0.3, 4.8 ± 0.2, 5.5 ± 0.8 and 3.9 ± 0.3 log₁₀CFU/g of lung for ceftolozane (1g), ceftolozane (2g), ceftazidime, TZP and imipenem, respectively, compared with 6.3 ± 0.9 log₁₀CFU/g of lung for control animals. The higher ceftolozane dose [2g three times daily (t.i.d.)] showed significantly better efficacy than the lower dose (1g t.i.d.). In conclusion, in this rabbit model of P. aeruginosa pneumonia, ceftolozane had an efficacy equivalent to that of comparator agents at a dose of 1g t.i.d. and had better efficacy at a higher dose (2g t.i.d.).

Published
2014

42. Impact of bacterial biofilm on the treatment of prosthetic joint infections

Author

Cédric Jacqueline and Jocelyne Caillon

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Prosthesis-Related Infections, medicine.drug_class, Antibiotics, Bacterial Physiological Phenomena, Microbiology, Antibiotic resistance, In vivo, Osteoarthritis, medicine, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Pathogen, Pharmacology, biology, business.industry, Biofilm, Bacterial Infections, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, biology.organism_classification, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Chronic infection, Infectious Diseases, Biofilms, Drug Therapy, Combination, business, Rifampicin, Bacteria, medicine.drug
Abstract

Microbial biofilm contributes to chronic infection and is involved in the pathogenesis of prosthetic joint infections. Biofilms are structurally complex and should be considered a dynamic system able to protect the bacteria from host defence mechanisms and from antibacterial agents. Despite the use of antibiotics recognized as effective against acute infections, prosthetic joint infections require long-term suppressive treatment acting on adherent bacteria. Conventional in vitro susceptibility testing methods are not suitable for biofilm-associated infections given that these tests do not take into account the physiological parameters of bacterial cells in vivo. Most anti-staphylococcal drugs are able to inhibit in vitro the adhesion of bacteria to a surface, considered to be the first step in biofilm formation. Recent studies suggest that the lack of activity of antibiotics against biofilm-embedded bacteria seems to be more related to the decreased effect of the drug on the pathogen than to the poor penetration of the drug into the biofilm. Eradication of biofilm-embedded bacteria is a very difficult task and combination therapy is required in the treatment of persistent infections involving biofilm. Although several combinations demonstrate potent efficacy, rifampicin is the most common partner drug of effective combinations against staphylococcal biofilms. Considering the complexity of biofilm-related infections, further studies are needed to assess the activity of new therapeutic agents in combination with antibiotics (quorum-sensing inhibitors, biofilm disruptors and specific anti-biofilm molecules).

Published
2014

43. Depletion of Natural Killer Cells Increases Mice Susceptibility in a Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pneumonia Model*

Author

Antoine Roquilly, Jocelyne Caillon, Alexis Broquet, Karim Asehnoune, Cédric Jacqueline, and Gilles Potel

Subjects
Neutrophils, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Mice, Inbred Strains, Spleen, Cell Separation, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, Proinflammatory cytokine, Natural killer cell, Interferon-gamma, Mice, Immune system, Interferon, medicine, Animals, Pseudomonas Infections, Lung, Peroxidase, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, business.industry, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Flow Cytometry, medicine.disease, Interleukin-10, Killer Cells, Natural, Disease Models, Animal, medicine.anatomical_structure, Immunology, Tumor necrosis factor alpha, Disease Susceptibility, business, Pneumonia (non-human), medicine.drug
Abstract

Objectives: Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection is a clinically relevant infection involved in pneumonia in ICUs. Understanding the type of immune response initiated by the host during pneumonia would help defining new strategies to interfere with the bacteria pathogenicity. In this setting, the role of natural killer cells remains controversial. We assessed the role of systemic natural killer cells in a Pseudomonas aeruginosa mouse pneumonia model. Design: Experimental study. Setting: Research laboratory from a university hospital. Subjects: RjOrl:SWISS and BALB/cJ mice (weight, 20–24 g). Interventions: Lung injuries were assessed by bacterial load, myeloperoxidase activity, endothelial permeability (pulmonary edema), immune cell infiltrate (histological analysis), proinflammatory cytokine release, and Ly6-G immunohistochemistry. Bacterial loads were assessed in the lungs and spleen. Natural killer cell number and status were assessed in spleen (flow cytometry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction). Depletion of natural killer cells was achieved through an IV anti-asialo-GM1 antibody injection. Measurements and Main Results: Pseudomonas aeruginosa tracheal instillation led to an acute pneumonia with a rapid decrease of bacterial load in lungs and with an increase of endothelial permeability, proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β), and myeloperoxidase activity followed by Ly6-G positive cell infiltrate in lungs. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was detected in the spleen. Membrane markers of activation and maturation (CD69 and KLRG1 molecules) were increased in splenic natural killer cells during Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Splenic natural killer cells activated upon Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection produced interferon-γ but not interleukin-10. Ultimately, mice depleted of natural killer cells displayed an increased neutrophil numbers in the lungs and an increased mortality rate without bacterial load modifications in the lungs, indicating that mice depleted of natural killer cells were much more susceptible to infection compared with control animals. Conclusions: We report for the first time that natural killer cells play a major role in the mice susceptibility toward a Pseudomonas aeruginosa–induced acute pneumonia model.

Published
2014

44. Valeur diagnostique des critères de suspicion d’infection néonatale précoce : bilan dix ans après les recommandations de l’Anaes

Author

C. Gras-Le Guen, B. Cabaret, Bernard Branger, M. Cottineau, C. Laurens, J.-B. Muller, Elise Launay, Jocelyne Caillon, C. Boscher, and J.-C. Roze

Subjects
Gynecology, medicine.medical_specialty, Infectious disease transmission, business.industry, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Medicine, business
Abstract

Resume Introduction Faute de score clinico-biologique sensible et specifique, tout nouveau-ne symptomatique est considere comme « suspect d’infection neonatale jusqu’a preuve du contraire ». Ainsi aujourd’hui en France, 30 a 50 % des nouveau-nes sont suspects d’infection materno-fœtale (IMF) dont une proportion importante fait l’objet d’un bilan biologique et parfois d’une antibiotherapie probabiliste dont l’impact n’est pas sans consequence. L’objectif de cette etude etait d’evaluer la valeur diagnostique des differents criteres de suspicion d’IMF recommandes par l’Agence nationale d’accreditation en sante (Anaes) depuis 2002 ; et celle du dosage de la procalcitonine (PCT) au cordon, utilise en routine dans notre maternite. Patients et methode Etude retrospective monocentrique au centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Nantes sur 4 ans incluant tous les nouveau-nes suspects d’IMF hospitalises. Les nouveau-nes ont ete classes a posteriori comme infectes ou non infectes, a l’aveugle du resultat du dosage de la PCT. La valeur diagnostique de chaque critere a ete etudiee en utilisant la sensibilite, la specificite, la valeur predictive et le rapport de vraisemblance. Resultats Deux mille cent cinquante et un nouveau-nes suspects d’IMF ont ete inclus. Pour un nouveau-ne symptomatique, le risque relatif d’etre infecte etait de 12,2 (IC95 % : 4,9–30,2 : p 0,6 ng/L qui entrainait un risque relatif a 291,6 (IC95 % : 70,7–1214,0, p Conclusion Les criteres cliniques d’adaptation a la vie extra-uterine sont plus predictifs d’IMF que les criteres anamnestiques. Le dosage de la PCT au cordon semble etre un marqueur interessant dans la prediction de l’IMF qui pourrait etre integre dans un nouvel algorithme decisionnel de prise en charge des nouveau-nes suspects d’IMF.

Published
2014

45. Daptomycin use: where is the truth?

Author

Guillaume Ghislain Aubin, P. Abgueguen, Dominique Navas, Frédéric Moal, Jocelyne Caillon, Stéphane Corvec, Didier Lepelletier, David Boutoille, and Colin Deschanvres

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, business.industry, 030106 microbiology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Staphylococcal Infections, Microbiology, Anti-Bacterial Agents, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Daptomycin, Vancomycin, Antimicrobial stewardship, Medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, business, medicine.drug
Published
2016

46. Premier cas clinique de bactériémie à Gordonia aichiensis

Author

F. Lejeune, L. Crémet, Sandrine Wiertlewski, E. Thomas, and Jocelyne Caillon

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, 030106 microbiology, Actinomycetales Infection, Gordonia Bacterium, Biology, Gordonia aichiensis, medicine.disease, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Infectious Diseases, Bacteremia, medicine, Daptomycin, medicine.drug
Published
2017

47. What is the optimal management for the asymptomatic twin after diagnosis of late-onset group B streptococcal disease?

Author

Cécile Feildel-Fournial, Cécile Boscher, Christèle Gras-Le Guen, E. Thomas, Elise Launay, and Jocelyne Caillon

Subjects
Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Neonatal sepsis, business.industry, Dizygotic twin, Group B Streptococcal Infection, medicine.disease, Asymptomatic, 03 medical and health sciences, Neonatal infection, 0302 clinical medicine, 030225 pediatrics, Intensive care, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, medicine, medicine.symptom, Antibiotic prophylaxis, business, Breast feeding
Abstract

A 22-day-old baby presents at your emergency department with a 3-hour history of poor feeding and fever. Blood and cerebrospinal fluid cultures reveal late-onset group B streptococcal (LOGBS) meningitis and bacteraemia. This child has a dizygotic twin who is asymptomatic. You wonder if it is necessary to test, hospitalise and give antibiotics to the asymptomatic twin? In an asymptomatic child whose twin has an LOGBS infection (patient), is it necessary to do immediate evaluation, discontinue breast feeding and prescribe antibiotics (intervention) to avoid serious complications of group B streptococcal (GBS) disease (outcome)? ### Secondary sources A search of the Cochrane Library using the terms ‘group B streptococcal infection’ and ‘twins’ was used. ### Primary sources MEDLINE was searched via PubMed from 1976 to August 2018. The advanced search mode was used with the terms ‘late-onset neonatal infection’, ‘twins’, ‘group B streptococcus’. Additional studies were found following the review of the references of articles. A total of 13 articles (case series or case reports) reporting LOGBS infections in twins were found (see table 1). View this table: Table 1 Summary of evidence GBS remains a serious pathogen in young infants. Among bacteria responsible for invasive infections before 3 months of age, GBS represents the leading cause of meningitis1 2 and the second cause of bacteraemia.1–3 Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis produced a spectacular decrease in incidence of early-onset GBS disease,4–6 but has no effect in incidence of LOGBS disease.6–11 Despite advances in intensive care, case-fatality …

Published
2018

48. An original case ofFrancisellatularensis subsp.holarcticabacteremia after a near-drowning accident

Author

Jean-François Ygout, Max Maurin, Philippe Moreau, Jocelyne Caillon, Marie-Estelle Cariou, Stéphane Corvec, Estelle Ughetto, Isabelle Pelloux, and Geneviève Héry-Arnaud

Subjects
Male, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Water contamination, Poison control, Bacteremia, Near Drowning, Microbiology, Francisella tularensis subsp holarctica, Pneumonic tularemia, Humans, Medicine, Blood culture, Francisella tularensis, Tularemia, Aged, General Immunology and Microbiology, biology, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, General Medicine, bacterial infections and mycoses, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Antibodies, Bacterial, Surgery, Infectious Diseases, bacteria, France, Water Microbiology, business
Abstract

We report the first case of Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica bacteremia after water contamination in France. A 75-year-old man developed septic pneumonic tularemia after a near-drowning accident. We highlight the need for a longer incubation time for isolation of F. tularensis from blood cultures.

Published
2015

49. Management of MRSA/GISA, VISA Endocarditis

Author

Cédric Jacqueline, Jocelyne Caillon, and David Boutoille

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine.disease_cause, medicine.disease, Antimicrobial, Infectious Diseases, Staphylococcus aureus, Infective endocarditis, Epidemiology, Medicine, Ceftaroline fosamil, Endocarditis, Vancomycin, Daptomycin, business, Intensive care medicine, medicine.drug
Abstract

Infective endocarditis is a worrisome disease, with no significant decrease of the incidence and mortality in the last decade. Despite a changing epidemiology over the last few years, S. aureus remains the leading causative organism in Canada, the U.S., and Europe. Experimental animal models of endocarditis have been extensively used to evaluate the activity of new drugs or new regimens. Although vancomycin has shown satisfactory in vivo activity against MRSA, the drug has failed to demonstrate a bactericidal activity against isolates with reduced susceptibility to glycopeptides. Among the new, recently available antimicrobial agents, experimental data strongly support daptomycin and ceftaroline fosamil as effective options. In clinical practice, vancomycin continues to be recommended for the treatment of IE caused by MRSA. However, its use is more and more debated, especially with the availability of new effective therapeutic options. Further studies are needed to define the role of these new antimicrobials in the treatment of MRSA and GISA endocarditis.

Published
2013

50. Relationship between hospital antibiotic use and quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli

Author

F. Ballereau, Jocelyne Caillon, Jean-Benoit Hardouin, Emmanuel Montassier, Eric Batard, David Boutoille, and Florence Ollivier

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.drug_class, Resistance, Cephalosporin, Antibiotics, Drug resistance, Quinolones, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, Quinolone resistance, Internal medicine, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Escherichia coli, medicine, Humans, Use, Antibiotic use, Escherichia coli Infections, Hospital use, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), General Medicine, Drug Utilization, Hospitals, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Cephalosporins, Hospitalization, Infectious Diseases, Tetracyclines, Regression Analysis, France, business
Abstract

Summary Background The relationship between the hospital use of various classes of antibiotics and resistance of Escherichia coli to quinolones remains debated. Our aim was to study the relationship between the hospital use of 16 classes of antibacterial agents and the incidence of quinolone-resistant E. coli isolates. Methods Antibiotic use and resistance data were collected from 36 hospitals. Incident rate ratios (IRR) were assessed using negative binomial regression. Results The incidence of quinolone-resistant isolates was independently associated with the consumption of tetracyclines (IRR 1.139, 95% CI 1.030–1.259), first- and second-generation cephalosporins (IRR 1.007, 95% CI 1.002–1.013), third-generation cephalosporins (IRR 1.029, 95% CI 1.010–1.048), and quinolones (IRR 1.007, 95% CI 1.000–1.014). These associations were independent from the type of patient served. Conclusions The level of hospital use of quinolones influences the incidence of quinolone resistance in E. coli hospital isolates. The consumption of two other classes of antibiotics, cephalosporins and tetracyclines, is also associated with quinolone resistance.

Published
2013
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