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Congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) is a broad spectrum of congenital cystic lung lesions caused by the arrested bronchoalveolar development. Approximately, 80% of CPAMs are diagnosed prenatally or during the neonatal period when patients present with respiratory failure and cyanosis. CPAM is often associated with other organ anomalies and aplasia, and they have poor prognoses. Many CPAMs are detected in infants and school-age children, and infections like pneumonia trigger these diagnoses. It rarely manifests in adults. These often get missed because of the superadded diseases, and hence, it is essential to have a correct approach to their diagnosis to avoid misdiagnosis.

Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi. It is endemic in the coastal region of India where agriculture is the most common occupation. It grows in stagnant water and transepithelial spread is the common mode of infection especially in the nose and nasopharynx. Patients present with reddish granular, polypoidal mass in the nose. Surgical excision with cauterization of the base is the treatment of choice. Recurrence is common even after meticulous clearance of the disease. This is a retrospective study done in a tertiary care hospital in Mangalore, India. The case records of histopathologically confirmed cases of rhinosporidiosis, during 10 years period between January 2007 and December 2016, were studied. Demographic profile, symptoms, site of involvement, treatment done, follow up and recurrence during follow up were noted and analysed. Out of the 34 patients, 31 (91.17%) were males and 3 (8.82%) were females. All were agriculturists. Commonest age group is 3rd and 6th decade. Bathing in pond water was the common source of infection. Nasal obstruction was the most common symptom. The most frequent site of occurrence is nasal cavity, with inferior turbinate being preferred site. Out of the 34 cases, 22 (64.70%) were recurrent cases with past history of surgery. Out of the 34 patients treated in our centre, no recurrence was seen in newly diagnosed cases during the study period, whereas 2 of the recurrent cases came with recurrence. Keywords: Rhinosporidiosis, Surgical treatment, Recurrence.

Background: The spectrum of bone lesions include inflammatory, neoplastic, degenerative and metabolic diseases. Histopathology is a confirmatory evidence for bone lesions and helps arrive at a diagnosis and plan further prognosis and management. A proper execution from technique (radio-guided or surgical), choice of sections from the lesion and proper management of specimen is the requirement for accuracy of diagnosis and further management. Aims and objectives: To analyse the histo-pathological spectrum of bone lesions and co relating it with demographic details and radiological findings. Results: 100 bone biopsies received in the Department of Pathology between September 2015 to September 2017. They were routinely processed after decalcification. Out of 100 cases, 55 non-neoplastic lesions and 45 neoplastic lesions were reported. Around 10 cases were inconclusive due to inadequacy of biopsy sample. Osteochondroma was the most common benign lesion. Osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma were the most common malignant lesion, with equal incidence. Chronic osteomyelitis was the most common non neoplastic lesion. The lesions occurred most commonly below the age group of 20 years with a male preponderance. Femur was the most common bone involved and metaphysis was the most common anatomical site of lesion. Conclusion: A detailed histo-pathological interpretation of bone lesions, along with history, radiological and other relevant investigations are important for the patient’s treatment and the further management including the follow up.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women both in the developed and developing world. In India, the age adjusted incidence of breast cancer in urban areas ranges between 20-30 per 1,00,000 population. Core needle biopsy (CNB) has been the first approach in cases of large lesions clearly malignant at mammogram. Therefore, CNB enables more definitive diagnosis than FNAC to differentiate benign and malignant tumors. A sample size of 60 cases are included in this study. The specimens sent to the department of pathology will be processed by routine histopathological techniques. Data is entered in SPSS and analyzed. Chi-square test is used to find sensitivity, specificity, NPV and PPV of core needle biopsy. Among benign lesions, mastitis comprising of 5 cases (11.5%). Among malignant cases IDC –NST was most common type comprising of 27 cases, 8 cases were inconclusive. Out of 60 cases 50 cases underwent mastectomy/lumpectomy, 7 were benign and 43 were malignant. All 50 cases were correlating with core needle biopsy diagnosis. 8 cases which were inconclusive in CNB underwent mastectomy/lumpectomy as BIRADS/FNAC were showing carcinoma features. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) are 86.6%, 100%, 86.6% and 100% respectively.

Breast tissue reacts to estrogen and progesterone stimulation, not only during puberty, pregnancy and lactation, but during each menstrual cycle. As the menopausal period is approached and postmenopausal period evolves, progressive atrophy of the epithelial and connective tissue components of the breast occurs. The loose connective tissue becomes dense and hyalinized and finally, the lobule is converted into ordinary stroma which in the process of involution is replaced by fat. All patients undergoing core needle biopsy of breast were selected for the study. An informed consent will be taken for the procedure. Under local anesthesia using 14 G needle, ultrasound guided core needle biopsy will be performed by radiologist. The biopsy specimen will be sent to histopathology department in 10% formalin. The tissue will be processed, stained with haematoxylin and eosin and examined microscopically. In present study, the most common presenting complaint is breast lump comprising of 59 cases (98.3%). Out of 59 cases 31 cases (51.7%) had lump on left side, 28 cases (46.7%) had lump on right side.1 case had no lump (1%). In the present study 41 cases underwent mammogram, 24 cases (58.5%) showed BIRADS 5 scoring followed by BIRADS 4 in 12 cases (29.3%) and BIRADS 2 in 5 cases (12.2%).

Lymphatic filariasis is common in tropical countries and is endemic in South India. Filariasis presenting with pericardial effusion is rare, coexisting with spindle cell thymoma is still very rare. We report a case of a 53-year-old male who was admitted to cardiac intensive care unit with severe breathless since two days. Cardiac Echocardiogram showed massive pericardial effusion with cardiac tamponade and large anterior mediastinal mass. Pericardial fluid aspiration drained 1.5 litres of hemorrhagic fluid. Cytology examination revealed microfilaria of Wutchereria bancrofti. FNAC and trucut biopsy from anterior mediastinal mass showed features of spindle cell thymoma. He was treated with diethyl carbamazine thrice daily for one month. He refused for excision of thymoma. This case report is a rare coexistence of microfilaria in pericardial effusion with spindle cell thymoma. We stress the need to consider filariasis as differential diagnosis in the evaluation of hemorrhagic pericardial effusion especially in endemic areas.

Dermatofibrosarcoma protruberans(DFSP) is rare, morphologically distinct dermal/ subcutaneous neoplasm [1]. It typically presents during early or mid adult life. It is most common in the trunk and extremities and it accounts for approximately 0.1 % of all cutaneous malignancies and 6 % of all soft tissue sarcomas [2–4]. DFSP is highly aggressive, invades locally and rarely metastasizes [4]. Surgical scars, old burns, contractures and sites of vaccinations have all been reported as DFSP sites [5, 6]. DFSP occurring in the breast is very unusual. A review of literature reveals very few cases of DFSP breast. DFSP in the breast is usually characterized by smooth mobile raised reddish mass with brownish plaque like cutaneous thickening [6]. Treatment is primarily surgical, with chemotherapy and radiation therapy sometimes being used [6, 7].