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This study investigated the effect of extraction method and the choice of solvent on the phenolic substance and antioxidant activity of certain varieties of grain seeds (Hordeum vulgare L.). In this ponder, three diverse solvents were used, specifically acetone, ethanol, and methanol, and three extraction methods were utilized to extract the phenolic substance ultrasound extraction, Soxhlet, and maceration. The levels of total phenols (TPC), total flavonoids (TFC) and proanthocyanidins (PA) were decided. The results appeared that diverse solvents of different polarity had a major impact on polyphenol content and antioxidant activity; the highest TPC (1.990 mg EG/g of dried extract), PA (1.628 mg EC/g of dried extract) were obtained with acetone, the results of TPC and PA were in this order: 70% acetone extract > 70% ethanol extract > 70% methanol extract and the highest TFC (2.204 mg EQ/g of dried extract) were obtained with methanol, the results of TFC were in this order: 70% methanol extract > 70% acetone extract ≈ 70% ethanol extract. However, different extraction methods gave comparable results. In vitro antioxidant activities were assessed utilizing the DPPH radical scavenging capacity, The lowest IC50 value reflects the highest antioxidant potency, acetone extract showed the greatest ability to scavenge DPPH free radicals with an IC50 of 2.013 mg/ml, 2.024 mg/ml, 2.635 mg/ml, 3.428 mg/ml respectively observed in the varieties MASSINE, LOCALE, CASAMENCE, AMALOU, these results show that barley seeds of the two-row type (MASSINE and LOCALE) have a higher antioxidant activity compared to the six-row type (CASAMENCE and AMALOU). Ultrasonic extraction was better for extracting antioxidant molecules from barley seeds in comparison to soxhlet and maceration.

The aim of this study was to characterize the phytochemical content as well as the antioxidant ability of the Moroccan species Chamaerops humilis L. Besides crude ethanolic extract, two extracts obtained by sonication using two solvents with increased polarity, namely ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and methanol-water (MeOH-H2O) 80:20 (v/v), were investigated by both spectroscopy and chromatography methods. Between the two extracts, the MeOH-H2O one showed the highest total polyphenolic content equal to 32.7 ± 0.1 mg GAE/g DM with respect to the EtOAc extract (3.6 ± 0.5 mg GAE/g DM). Concerning the antioxidant activity of the two extracts, the EtOAc one yielded the highest value (1.9 ± 0.1 mg/mL) with respect to MeOH-H2O (0.4 ± 0.1 mg/mL). The C. humilisn-hexane fraction, analyzed by GC–MS, exhibited 69 compounds belonging to different chemical classes, with n-Hexadecanoic acid as a major compound (21.75%), whereas the polyphenolic profile, elucidated by HPLC–PDA/MS, led to the identification of a total of sixteen and thirteen different compounds in both EtOAc (major component: ferulic acid: 104.7 ± 2.52 µg/g) and MeOH-H2O extracts (major component: chlorogenic acid: 45.4 ± 1.59 µg/g), respectively. The attained results clearly highlight the potential of C. humilis as an important source of bioactive components, making it a valuable candidate to be advantageously added to the daily diet. Furthermore, this study provides the scientific basis for the exploitation of the Doum in the food, pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries.

The current work was carrying out to quantifie the total phenolic, flavonoids also proanthocyanidins contents. The phytochemicals, GC-MS analysis antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Curcuma rhizomes extracts, and they were evaluated using standard methods of determination of Phenolic contents, antioxidant, and antibacterial activity. The extracts were obtained by Ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), the quantification of polyphenolic, flavonoids and proanthocyanidins contents presented a important value regarding the ethanolic extract (15.3g GAE/100g), (8.5 g CE/100g), (20.31 g TE/100g), respectively, also the antimicrobial inhibitory effect showed a remarkable activity, in addition GC-MS analysis of the extracts exposed the existence of indole, phytol and other important compounds of interest and showed better radical scavenging activity than the control in this study. Most of the phytochemicals present and some of the compounds revealed by GC-MS analysis, which are biologically active with physiological activities, could be the source of the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of the sample. They might as well be responsible for the pharmacological propreties derived from our samples. This study revealed the pharmacological importance, antimicrobial and antioxidant inhibitory potential of the extracts of Curcuma longa.L.

Emerging contaminants are recently uncovered in natural currents duo to human and industrial activities. Most of them have no legal standard and can probably cause damaging effects in aquatic life at relevant concentrations. The conventional wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is not always effective for the removal of these huge classes of pollutants and so further water treatments are necessary. In this work, we applied the powdered activated carbon adsorption process to eliminate the selected emerging pollutants, Theobromine and two antibiotics commonly used in Spain: Amoxicillin (AMX) and Penicillin G (Peni G). Different experimental conditions such as pH and temperature, initial concentration, the amount of biomass, and contact time were studied to obtain the best removal conditions. The different contaminants were detected by ultra-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). The whole results obtained confirm the effectiveness of the process of adsorption for the purification of the liquid effluents charged with antibiotics and stimulant. The results we have obtained indicate that coconut shell activated charcoal allows better retention of this compound after 90 minutes of contact and that the elimination yields evolve with the mass of activated charcoal introduced. Furthermore, it has been shown that the initial concentration of contaminants and the variation in pH considerably influence the binding of theobromine, penicillin, and amoxicillin molecules to the sites of powdered activated charcoal. The overall results showed that the adsorption kinetics of three contaminants on activated carbon is well described by the second-order model, and the adsorption isotherms of the absorbent/absorbate systems studied are described satisfactorily by the Langmuir model.

Bioactive compounds in citrus fruits have been demonstrated to be protective against chronic diseases such as cancer and heart disease, but their degrees may be influanced by postharvest treatments as for example storage and irradiation treatment. Irradiation might ensure natural product decontamination, while maintaining their chemical, organoleptic, nutritional and bioactive qualities In this work, citrus fruits were subject to gamma irradiation at 0, 0.25,0.50 and 1 KGy/h and then stored at 4°C for 30 days, Phenolics, Flavonoid, tanins contents, and antioxidant activity were evaluated at regular intervals during storage. Results demonstrated that treatment by gamma radiation could preserve and have no impact on the phenolic content of citrus fruits during the storage by contrast irradiation treatments persuade the degradation on phenolics content and indicated the increasement of the antioxidant activity mainly on citrus treated at 1kGy/h, These results pointed out that gamma radiation at 0.50 kGy/h can be applied as safe and environmental friendly post-harvest treatment of citrus to preserve their bioactive compounds

Rubus fruticosus L. is a widespread shrub species which has recently attracted a great attention due a plethora of different pharmacological activities. A comparative study of the volatile profile and polyphenols along with the antioxidant activity of 27 blackberries collected in 3 different locations of the Tangier–Tetouan–Al Hoceima region in Northern Morocco, between June and August 2018, is reported. In terms of antioxidant activity, the highest IC50 values were attained for the Rubus fruticosus EtOAc extract coming from Beni Messaouar (2.5 mg/mL ± 0.01). Concerning the volatile content of the Rubus fruticosus n-hexane extract belonging to Beni Messaouar, a total of 42 compounds were detected and oleic acid turned out to be the most abundant one (14.49%), whereas among the 29 polyphenols detected in the Rubus fruticosus EtOAc extract, coming from the same location, quercetin-3-O-glucoside occurred in major concentration (364.58 mg/kg). This is the first report on the physico-chemical and phytochemical properties of Moroccan Rubus fruticosus highlighting how these fruits do have a great potential as natural source of antioxidant compounds to be used as a nutraceuticals or functional foods.

The aim of this study was to determine the polyphenolic compounds and the antioxidant ability of Arbutus unedo fruits, collected from three regions of northern Morocco, using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry detection. The proper extraction method has been selected to achieve this objective. After delipidation, the three harvests were extracted by sonication using two solvents with increased polarity ethyl acetate and MeOH:water, 80:20 (v/v). Total polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins and anthocyanins were respectively: 108.41 +/- 9.29 mg GAE/g (w/w) dry weight (DW), 101.07 +/- 5.6 mg QE/g (w/w) (DW), 0.45 +/- 0.48 mg EC/g (w/w) (DW) and 0.35 +/- 0.48 mg Pg-3-glu/g (w/w) (DW). EC50 values for reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging activities were between 1.37 +/- 0.2 and 17.82 +/- 0.12 mg/mL (w/v). A total of 75 compounds were tentatively identified and some of these had never been found until nowadays in Arbutus unedo. The average amount of antioxidant compounds obtained by semi-quantitative analyses was 120.35 +/- 32.05 mg/100 g (w/w) (DW). The attained results clearly highlight the potential of A. unedo as a source of healthy compounds, which could be advantageously added to the daily diet, making it a potential candidate for the cure for many emerging diseases. (C) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University.

Evaluation was made of four extraction techniques (maceration with magnetic stirring, ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and extraction with pressurised liquids) to obtain polyphenolic extracts from pine seeds. The technique and temperature conditions that produce extracts containing the largest quantity of polyphenols were determined. Extraction assisted by microwave and extraction with pressurised liquids at temperatures >100 °C gave the best results. The correlation between the antioxidant activity of the extracts and the quantity of polyphenols that they contain has also been determined; a direct relationship between these two variables was found in the majority of extracts. The general biological activity of the extracts was also evaluated using the etiolated wheat coleoptile bioassay; extracts obtained with pressurised liquids, and with maceration under agitation, were the most bioactive. An inverse relationship between the degree of bioactivity and the extraction temperature was found.

This work analyses and models the dehydration kinetics for whole and sliced strawberries during freeze-drying. A Virtis 35L Gardiner lyophyliser was used. Freeze-drying was carried out at various hotplate temperatures and several product thicknesses. It was observed that increasing hotplate temperature from 30°C to 70°C during the course of freeze-drying led to reducing the process from 48h to 36h for whole strawberries and from 12h to 8h for the slices, stable dry products being obtained. Studying several strawberry freeze-drying parameters showed that temperature has an important effect on reducing the process’ duration. It lowers the process’ cost whilst preserving dry fruit quality, thereby opening up the field by applying this technology to treating new food products.