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Objective To determine the clinically recognizable error rate with the use of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)–based comprehensive chromosomal screening (CCS). Design Retrospective study. Setting Multiple fertility centers. Patient(s) All patients receiving euploid designated embryos. Intervention(s) Trophectoderm biopsy for CCS. Main Outcome Measure(s) Evaluation of the pregnancy outcomes following the transfer of qPCR-designated euploid embryos. Calculation of the clinically recognizable error rate. Result(s) A total of 3,168 transfers led to 2,354 pregnancies (74.3%). Of 4,794 CCS euploid embryos transferred, 2,976 gestational sacs developed, reflecting a clinical implantation rate of 62.1%. In the cases where a miscarriage occurred and products of conception were available for analysis, ten were ultimately found to be aneuploid. Seven were identified in the products of conception following clinical losses and three in ongoing pregnancies. The clinically recognizable error rate per embryo designated as euploid was 0.21% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.10–0.37). The clinically recognizable error rate per transfer was 0.32% (95% CI 0.16–0.56). The clinically recognizable error rate per ongoing pregnancy was 0.13% (95% CI 0.03–0.37). Three products of conception from aneuploid losses were available to the molecular laboratory for detailed examination, and all of them demonstrated fetal mosaicism. Conclusion(s) The clinically recognizable error rate with qPCR-based CCS is real but quite low. Although evaluated in only a limited number of specimens, mosaicism appears to play a prominent role in misdiagnoses. Mosaic errors present a genuine limit to the effectiveness of aneuploidy screening, because they are not attributable to technical issues in the embryology or analytic laboratories.

Contains fulltext : 28134.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) Coordination of limb segments in graphic motor behavior has been studied primarily in cyclic tasks. In the present study, limb segment recruitment patterns were investigated in a discrete line-drawing task. Subjects (N = 11) performed pointing movements varying in direction, amplitude, and speed. The contributions of index finger, hand, and arm to the movement were analyzed by evaluating the angular displacements in 7 joint dimensions. The results showed that amplitude and direction affected limb segment involvement in the same way they have been reported to affect it in cyclic movements. Upward left- (up-left) directed movements were primarily achieved by fingers and arm, whereas upward right- (up-right) directed movements were accomplished with the hand and the arm. Large amplitudes elicited not only an increase of proximal but also a decrease of distal limb segment involvement, especially in the up-left direction. In the present discrete pointing task, effects of speed on limb segment involvement were different from speed effects that were observed earlier in cyclic tasks: Larger limb segments became more involved in fast than in slow discrete movements. With respect to the timing of limb segment recruitment, all joints tended to move simultaneously, but small deviations from synchronous joint movement onset and offset were present. The results are discussed in the context of recent theories of limb segment coordination.

Objective To prove the ability to distinguish between balanced and normal chromosomes in embryos from a translocation carrier. Design Case report. Setting Academic center for reproductive medicine. Patient(s) Woman with a balanced translocation causing Alagille syndrome seeking preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). Intervention(s) Blastocyst biopsy for PGD. Main Outcome Measure(s) Consistency of 3 methods of embryo genetic analysis (real-time polymerase chain reaction, single nucleotide polymorphism [SNP] microarray, and fluorescence in situ hybridization [FISH]) and normalcy in the newborn derived from PGD. Result(s) PGD was applied to 48 embryos. Real-time polymerase chain reaction, SNP microarray, and FISH demonstrated 100% consistency, although FISH failed to detect aneuploidies observed by comprehensive SNP microarray-based analyses. Two blastocysts were identified to be normal for all 3 factors using SNP microarray technology alone. The 2 normal embryos were transferred back to the patient, resulting in the delivery of a healthy boy with a normal karyotype. Conclusion(s) This is the first report of validation and successful clinical application of microarray-based PGD to distinguish between balanced and normal chromosomes in embryos from a translocation carrier.

Oral estrogen replacement therapy is given to women who are estrogen deficient due to ovarian failure, most commonly at menopause. Estrogen is a reproductive hormone that also functions in the bones, the heart, the skin, and the brain.

This work is part of the EC funded PISA project which aims at the development of tools for design and manufacturing of Personalized Implants and Surgical Aids. Sub-optimal implant positioning is a major reason for implant failure and (too) early revision. Although planning is possible to various extends on currently available systems, there is in general no means to transfer the planning to the patient. The PISA project covers the transfer to the patient as well as the planning. Within this project, PMS focused on dental implant planning and design of appropriate drill guides to transfer the planning to the patient. A prototype application was developed on our EasyVision clinical workstation, which includes the following steps