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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the most common cause of death and permanent disability in people aged

BACKGROUND Emotional state can be affected by different training loads. The aim of this study was to explore the changes of rat emotional state, as well as the mRNA and protein expressions of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), postsynaptic density 95 (PSD-95), and kinesin family member 17 (KIF-17) in the hippocampus, by long-term moderate-intensity and high-intensity training models in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS The exercise model of SD rats was set up by treadmill running of moderate and high intensities for 4 weeks. The rats in the moderate-intensity training group were given endurance training with increasing intensity, while rats in the high-intensity training group were given high-speed training, and those in the normal control group were also established. The body weights of rats were measured before and after exercise to determine weight reduction. Real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of NMDARs, PSD-95, and KIF-17 in hippocampus of rats under different training loads. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the rats in the moderate-intensity training group had better body condition and emotional state, while the rats in the high-intensity training group had poor body condition and emotional state. The mRNA and protein expression of PSD-95, KIF-17, and NMDARs in the moderate-intensity training group were significantly elevated (P

The quality of titanium depends largely on the morphology of titanium deposit, which can be affected by electrokinetic parameters during the electrolysis. To obtain titanium deposit, titanium dichloride was prepared successfully by using a titanium sponge to reduce titanium tetrachloride in NaCl-KCl. Electroanalytical methods including cyclic voltammetry, chronopotentiometry, and square wave voltammetry were employed to investigate the cathodic behavior of Ti2 + . The results proved that the reduction of Ti(II) proceeds in a one-step, diffusion-controlled process. A series of the tests were carried out to investigate the influence of electrokinetic parameters on the titanium deposit morphology. It was concluded that the deposit titanium grain size increases with increasing titanium ion concentration. In the system with a high titanium ion concentration, the grain size also increases with increasing the current density until a certain value. However, a subsequent increase of current density results in the formation of dendrites. It was found that stirring was an effective way to avoid dendrite. A compact deposit with large grains was obtained by the electrolysis with the stirring of argon injection.