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OBJECTIVE: It was aimed to determine the general demographic characteristics, local and general factors affecting the final visual acuity and to compare the treatment options in patients with central retinal vein root occlusion (RVCT).MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 310 eyes of 294 patients had been diagnosed with central retinal vein occlusion between 1983 - 2013 were included in the study. Demographic data, accompanying systemic and ocular diseases, ophthalmic examination findings, follow-up period, and treatments were recorded from the file records of patients.RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 63.61 ± 12.8 years. Of the patients, 136 were female and 158 were male. Disease was detected only in the right eye in 139 patients, in the left eye in 139 patients, and in both eyes in 16 patients. The mean follow-up period of the patients was 38.56 ± 49.45 months. 61.9% of patients had hypertension, 23.46% had diabetes mellitus and 15.98% had hyperlipidemia. It was determined that 65.8% of patients were ischemic and 34.2% were non-ischemic type. It was determined that oral antiagreagans and anticoagulants usage before or after the occlusion and pentoxifylline therapy after the occlusion does not affect the final visual acuities.CONCLUSIONS: Detection and treatment of risk factors with RVCT, is an important approach in preventing the formation and progression of the disease. There is a need to develop new treatment methods and preventive modalities in order to control the disease and increase the quality of life of the patients., AMAÇ: Retina ven kök tıkanıklığı (RVKT) olan olgularda genel demografik özelliklerin, sonuç görme keskinliğini etkileyen lokal ve genel etmenlerin belirlenmesi ve tedavi seçeneklerinin karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır.GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Çalışmaya 1983 - 2013 yılları arasında retina ven kök tıkanıklığı tanısı almış 294 hastanın 310 gözü dahil edildi. Hastaların dosya kayıtlarından; demografik veriler, eşlik eden sistemik ve oküler hastalıklar, oftalmolojik muayene bulguları, takip süresi ve uygulanan tedaviler kayıt edildi.BULGULAR: Hastaların yaş ortalaması 63.61 ± 12.8 idi. 136’sı kadın, 158’i erkek idi. 139 hastada sadece sağ, 139 hastada sadece sol, 16 hastada ise her iki gözde hastalık tespit edildi. Hastaların ortalama takip süreleri 38.56 ± 49.45 ay idi. %61.9’unda hipertansiyon, %23.46’sında diyabetus mellitus ve %15.98’inde hiperlipidemi saptandı. %65.8’inin iskemik, %34.2’sinin ise iskemik olmayan tipte olduğu belirlendi. Tıkanma öncesinde veya sonrasında oral antiagreagan ve antikoagulan kullanımının ya da tıkanma sonrası pentoksifilin tedavisinin sonuç görmeyi etkilemediği belirlendi.SONUÇ: RVKT ile birliktelik gösteren risk faktörlerinin tespiti ve tedavi edilmesi, hastalığın oluşum ve ilerleyişini engellemede önemli bir yaklaşımdır. Hastalığın kontrolü ve hastaların yaşam kalitelerinin arttırılması için yeni tedavi yöntemlerine ve önleyici mekanizmaların geliştirilmesine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.

Yogurt is one of the most widely consumed fermented products obtained from milk that has a positive effect on health due to its high nutritional value. Yogurt enrichment can play a major role in the developmentof consumers’ health level. Spirulina platensisis a blue-green microalga and is rich in protein, essential fatty acids, vitamins, minerals and antioxidant compounds, such as phycocyanin. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of phycocyanin extracted from S. platensis and persimmon powder on physicochemical and sensory characteristics of yogurt. For this purpose, the yoghurt samples were analyzed for their physicochemical characteristics. Samples without persimmon powder and containing higher amounts of phycocyanin (1% and 1.5%) had the highest acidity. The acidity values of all samples increased over time. The highest pH belonged to the control sample and the addition of different amounts of phycocyanin and persimmon powder caused a significant reduction in pH.In all time intervals, with the increase of persimmon powder and phycocyanin, the syneresis rate of samplesincreased though it was not significant compared to the control sample. Samples containing higher amounts of persimmon powder (codes 6 and 7) had higher dry matter, protein, and water holding capacity (WHC).On both studied days, the highest and the lowest viscosity belonged to treatment code 7 andcode 2, respectively (p≤0.05). Additionally, the viscosity of all treatments increased significantly from the first day to the fifteenth day over time (p≤0.05). The control sample had the highest lightness (L* ) and the treatment code 8 had the highest redness (a * ‌). In all time intervals, the highest hardness and springiness belonged to the control sample (p≤0.05). The results of sensory evaluation of the samples showed that on the first day, the color score of the control sample and treatment codes 5, 6 and 7 was significantly higher than other treatments (p≤0.05). On all days studied, the taste scores of the control sample and treatment codes 5 and 6 and the texture score of the control sample and treatment codes 6, 7, and 8 were significantly higher than other treatments (p≤0.05).Considering the sensory evaluation and protein content of the yogurt samples, treatment code 6 was selected as the best treatment. The results showed that phycocyanin extracted from S. platensis and persimmon powder is effective on the physicochemical and sensory properties of yogurt and can be used as an effective additive.

Purpose: The study aimed at determining the success rate of sequential multi-dose methotrexate treatment in tubal ectopic pregnancy (EP) patients and the prognostic factors affecting the treatment success.Materials and Methods: Clinical, laboratory, and demographic data of 63 patients -hospitalized with the diagnosis of EP in our tertiary center between 2017-2020 and administered sequential multiple-dose methotrexate treatment protocol- were analyzed in this retrospective study.Results: Based on research findings, medical treatment was successful in 45 of the patients. It was found that 16 out of 18-patient, 88.8% of the patients in the failed group with methotrexate treatment, were operated on due to tubal rupture during follow-up. The mean of sonographic free fluid in Douglas of the successful group with methotrexate treatment was found to be 2.40±0.70 mm (Mean±SE), while it was 10.38±3.05 mm (Mean±SE) in the failed group at the first consultation. The initial β-hCG value of the successful group with methotrexate treatment was measured 3668.55±440.55 IU/L (Mean±SE), while it was 4929.72±752.65 IU/L (Mean±SE) in the failed group.Conclusion: The success rate of the sequential multiple dose methotrexate protocol was 71.4%. Both the initial serum β-hCG level and the amount of sonographic free fluid in the pouch of Douglas were found high in the failed group with medical treatment at the first consultation., Amaç: Tubal ektopik gebelik hastalarında ardışık çoklu doz metotreksat tedavisinin başarı oranı ile tedavi başarısına etki eden prognostik faktörlerin belirlenmesi hedeflenmiştir.Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu retrospektif çalışmada 2017-2020 yılları arasında tersiyer merkezimizde ektopik gebelik tanısı ile hospitalize edilmiş ve ardışık çoklu doz metotreksat tedavi protokolü uygulanmış 63 hastanın klinik, labaratuvar ve demografik verileri analiz edilmiştir.Bulgular: Hastaların 45’inde medikal tedavi ile başarılı olunmuştur. Metotreksat protokolü ile başarısız olunan hastaların %88.8’inde (n=16) takip sırasında tubal rüptür nedeni ile cerrahi operasyon ihtiyacı gelişmiştir. Medikal tedavi ile başarılı olunan grupta başvuru anında Douglas’ta serbest mayi ortalaması 2.40±0.70 mm (Ort.±SH); başarısız olunan grupta 10.38±3.05 mm (Ort.±SH) bulunmuştur. Medikal tedavi ile başarılı olunan grubun başvuru β-hCG düzeyi 3668.55±440.55 IU/L (Ort.±SH); başarısız olunan grubunki 4929.72±752.65 IU/L (Ort.±SH) bulunmuştur.Sonuç: Ardışık çoklu doz metotreksat protokolünün başarı oranı %71.4 olarak saptanmıştır. Medikal tedavi ile başarısız olunan grupta başlangıç serum β-hCG düzeyinin yüksek olduğu, yine ilk başvuruda Douglas’ta sonografik olarak ölçülen serbest sıvı miktarının yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of chlorhexidine, metronidazole, and ozone application on the healing of palatal wounds in diabetic rats. A defect in the form of a 4 mm-diameter wound was created on the palatal mucosa of 84 adult female Wistar albino rats, which were randomly divided into 4 groups: control, chlorhexidine, metronidazole, and ozone groups. The animals were euthanized after 3, 6, and 10 days, and wound closure was histologically assessed. On day 3, polymorphonuclear leukocytes were significantly higher in the control group than in the chlorhexidine and ozone groups (P

Okulun gelişimi ve etkililiği konusunda okul yöneticisinin formal ve informal liderlik özellikleri büyük bir öneme sahiptir. Bu doğrultuda, ilgili çalışmada liderlik ve okul etkililiği düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin meta-analiz yöntemi ile ortaya konması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda liderlik ve okul etkililiği düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkileri inceleyen çalışmaların etki büyüklükleri arasında alt grup (moderatör) değişkenlere göre anlamlı bir farklılık olup olmadığı incelenmiştir. 2010-2020 yılları arasında liderlik ve okul etkililiği düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkiyi inceleyen, örneklem sayısı ve korelasyon katsayısı verilerini içeren çalışmalar araştırmaya dâhil edilmiştir. Araştırma kapsamındaki çalışmalara, ulusal ve uluslararası veri tabanları kullanılarak ulaşılmıştır (Ulusal Tez Merkezi, Web of Science (WOS), Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), Scopus, EBSCOhost, vb.). Alan yazın taraması sonucunda araştırmanın seçim ölçütlerine uygun 22 çalışma meta-analize dâhil edilmiştir. Araştırmada etki büyüklüğü değerlerinin hesaplanmasında “Fisher Z” değeri kullanılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamındaki çalışmaların birleştirilmiş etki büyüklüğü rastgele etkiler modeline göre hesaplanmıştır. Analiz sonucunda, liderlik ve okul etkililiği düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin genel etki büyüklüğünün pozitif yönlü ve yüksek düzeyde olduğu ortaya konmuştur. Ayrıca liderlik ve okul etkililiği düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkileri inceleyen çalışmaların etki büyüklükleri arasında moderatör değişkenlere (çalışmanın yapıldığı bölge, okul kademesi ve liderlik türleri) göre anlamlı bir farklılaşmanın olduğu görülmüştür. Araştırma kapsamında okulların etkililik düzeyini artırmak için okul yöneticilerinin öğretim süreç ve amaçları konusunda gelişimlerinin desteklenmesi önerilmektedir.

Scope This study was carried out to investigate the efficacy of a new combination of root extracts of the Lepidium meyenii (maca) plant, known for its nutritional and energizing features as well as its antioxidant properties, on nutrient digestibility and nutrient transporters expression. Methods and results A total of 28 Sprague‐Dawley rats (8‐week‐old) were divided into four groups: (i) control, (ii) Lepidium m., (iii) high‐fat diet (HFD), and (iv) HFD+Lepidium m. Maca was given to the rats as a powdered combination of the plant roots with a daily dose of 40 mg per kg BW. Maca administration significantly increased the digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), and ether extract (EE), and some nutrient transporter (Pept1/2, Fatp1, Glut1/2, and Sglt1)‐expressions compared with non‐treated control and HFD groups in the jejunum and ileum tissues (p, Maca supplementation to the basal and HFD diets of the rats improved digestibility of DM, OM, CP, and EE along with the enhancement of Pept1/2, Fatp1, Glut1/2, and Sglt1 expressions in the jejunum and ileum of the rats.

Graphical abstract In this study, 42 Wistar albino male rats (n = 42, 8 weeks old) were used. Rats were divided into 6 groups and 7 rats included each group. Groups: (i) Control group: Standard diet; (ii) RJ (royal jelly) group: Standard diet + royal jelly; (iii) F50 group: Standard diet + 50 mg/kg fluoride; (iv): F100 group: Standard diet + 100 mg/kg fluoride; (v) F50+RJ group: Standard diet + 50 mg/kg fluoride + royal jelly; (vi): F100+RJ group: Standard diet + 100 mg/kg fluoride + royal jelly. After 8 weeks, the rats were decapitated, and their muscle tissues were removed. Expression levels of Caspase-3, Caspase-6, Bax, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 1 alpha (IL1-α) and Bcl-2 proteins in muscle tissue were determined by western blotting method. Histopathological analyses were also performed on the muscle tissue. Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) analyses were determined by a spectrophotometer. According to the obtained results, Bcl-2, TNF-α and IL1-α protein expression was increased in damage groups compared to the control and royal jelly groups, while Caspase-3, Caspase-6 and Bax protein expression levels decreased in damage groups. MDA level increased in damage groups compared to the control and royal jelly groups, while CAT and GSH levels increased with royal jelly application in royal jelly-given group in comparison to the flouride-exposed group. According to histopathological analysis results, edema and inflammatory cell formations were found in the injury groups, a tendency to decrease in these injuries was observed in the treatment groups. Based on these results, we can say that royal jelly has protective effects on muscle tissue against fluoride damage.

WOS:000691664800007 SCI PubMed ID33714238 Q3 Background/aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the antiarthritic potentials of the inhibition of Src kinase in vivo and in vitro settings. Materials and methods: Arthritis was induced by intradermal injection of chicken type II collagen combined with incomplete Freund’s adjuvant (collagen induced arthritis [CIA] model) in Wistar albino rats. One day after the onset of arthritis, dasatinib, a potent Src kinase inhibitor, (5 mg/kg/day) was given via oral gavage. Tissue Src, Fyn, MAPK and STAT mRNA expressions were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. On the other hand, fibroblast like synoviocytes (FLSs) were harvested patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) undergoing surgical knee joint replacement. FLSs were stimulated with cytokines and dasatinib was added in different concentrations. MMP –1, –3, and –13 levels in FLSs culture were determined by ELISA. Results: The tissue mRNA expressions of Src, Fyn, MAPK and STATs were increased in the arthritis CIA group compared to the control group. Their mRNA expressions in the CIA + dasatinib group were decreased and similar in the control group. In in vitro setting, MMP –1, –3, and –13 expressions from FLSs induced by IL-1β and TNF-α were increased, while dasatinib suppressed their productions from FLSs. Conclusion: The present study shows that the inhibition of Src kinase has antiarthritic potentials in both in vivo and in vitro settings. Src kinase inhibition may be candidate to further research in human RA.Key words: Rheumatoid arthritis, collagen induced arthritis, src kinase, matrix metalloproteinase.

This study was planned to determine the muscle architecture (pennation angle, muscle fiber length, and muscle thickness) and its relationship to lower extremity muscle strength in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (pwMS). The muscle architecture (pennation angle, muscle fiber length, and muscle thickness) and lower extremity muscle strength were assessed in 33 pwMS [13 Relapsing–Remitting MS (RRMS), 5 Primary Progressive MS (PPMS), 5 Secondary Progressive MS (SPMS), and 11 matched healthy controls (HC)]. Muscle architecture features were assessed with ultrasonography and muscle strength were assessed with a digital hand-held dynamometer. The rectus femoris muscle thickness and pennation angle, gastrocnemius muscle thickness, and the tibialis anterior pennation angle were significantly lower in pwMS compared to HC (p

Aim: The purpose of this prospective cohort study is to evaluate the possible microbiome of the amniotic cavity in the second trimester in asymptomatic pregnant women by the culture-based technique. Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted in Gaziantep University Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic between October 2017 and November 2019. 100 pregnant women who had amniocentesis for genetic screening in the fetus, and who had no complaints or clinical symptoms of vaginal or chorioamnionitis infection, were included in the study. While culture tests were performed by using the amniotic fluids of these pregnant women, glucose and leukocyte levels of their amniotic fluids were also measured. At the same time, culture and gram staining analyses were performed by collecting vaginal swab specimens from the patients. Results: 12 patients (12%, 95% confidence interval, 0 to 41%) had positive amniotic fluid culture results. The most observed bacteria were E. coli (5%). No findings of clinical infection were observed in the patients with positive amniotic fluid culture results. These patients delivered healthy babies with no complications. Conclusion: The amniotic fluid has its own microbiome, and the vaginal flora plays a role in the formation of this microbiome. This is a preliminary study; therefore, larger studies and targeted broad range molecular methods are needed to find the variety of the possible flora of the amniotic fluid., Amaç: Bu prospektif kohort çalışmasının amacı, ikinci trimesterde asemptomatik gebelerde amniyotik kavitenin olası mikrobiyomunu kültür temelli teknikle değerlendirmektir.Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu prospektif kohort çalışma, Gaziantep Üniversitesi Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Kliniği'nde Ekim 2017- Kasım 2019 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirildi. Fetüste genetik tarama için amniyosentez yapılan, vajinal enfeksiyon veya koryoamniyonite dair klinik semptomu olmayan 100 gebe kadın çalışmaya dahil edildi. Bu gebelerin amniyotik sıvıları kullanılarak kültür testleri yapılırken, amniyotik sıvılarının glikoz ve lökosit düzeyleri de ölçüldü. Aynı zamanda hastalardan vajinal sürüntü örnekleri alınarak kültür ve gram boyama analizleri yapıldı.Bulgular: 12 hastada (%12, %95 güven aralığı, %0 ile %41) amniyotik sıvı kültürü pozitif çıktı. En sık görülen bakteri E. coli idi (%5). Amniyotik sıvı kültürü sonucu pozitif olan hastalarda klinik enfeksiyon bulgusu izlenmedi. Bu hastalar hiçbir komplikasyon olmaksızın sağlıklı bebekler doğurdu.Sonuç: Amniyotik sıvının kendi mikrobiyomu vardır ve vajinal flora bu mikrobiyomun oluşumunda rol oynar. Bu bir ön çalışmadır; bu nedenle, amniyotik sıvının olası florasının çeşitliliğini bulmak için daha büyük çalışmalara ve geniş kapsamlı moleküler yöntemlere ihtiyaç vardır.

IntroductionThere is no consensus about the standardized uptake value maximum (SUVmax) cut-off value to characterize pleural thickening worldwide. Sometimes, this causes unnecessary invasive diagnostic procedures. Our first aim is to determine a cut-off value for SUVmax. Secondly, we try to answer the following question: If we use this cut-off value together with morphological parameters, can we differentiate benign thickening from malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) more accurately?Material and methodsThirty-seven patients who underwent 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) before pleural biopsy were included the study. All of patients had histopathologically proven primary pleural disease. Their [18F]FDG-PET/CT imaging reports were re-assessed. If a patient’s SUVmax or size of the thickening was not mentioned in the report, we calculated it with their [18F]FDG-PET/CT.ResultsAge, pleural effusion, size, and SUVmax were found to have a relationship with MPM. We found the size > 14 mm, and SUVmax > 4.0 as cut-off values for MPM. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) for size > 14 mm were found to be 86.4%, 85.2%, 82.6%, 88.5%, respectively. For SUVmax > 4.0, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV were 90.9%, 87.0%, 85.1%, 92.2%, respectively.ConclusionsIf a patient has SUVmax > 4.0 and/or size > 14 mm, the risk of MPM is high. These patients should undergo biopsy. If a patient’s SUVmax < 4.0, size < 14 mm and does not have pleural effusion, he/she has low risk for MPM. These patients can undergo the follow-up. If a patient’s SUVmax < 4, size < 14, and has pleural effusion the MPM risk is approximately 4%. These patients can undergo biopsy/cytology/follow-up. Novel studies are needed for these patients.

Objectives: Our study aims to evaluate the effect of bilateral prophylactic internal iliac artery ligation (IIAL) on bleeding in patients with placenta percreta who undergo cesarean hysterectomy (CH) with the use of blunt dissection technique. Material and methods: This retrospective cohort study included 96 patients with placenta percreta who underwent planned CH with using the blunt dissection technique to allow better vesico-uterine dissection at the gynecology and obstetrics unit of a university hospital between the years 2017–2019. We carried out bilateral IIAL before CH in the study group (group 1) while we performed only CH in the control group (group 2). Results: Group 1 and Group 2 consisted of 50 and 46 patients; respectively. There was no statistical difference between the two groups as regards to the mean estimated blood loss, the mean transfused blood products, the mean operation time, and the number of complications. In total, 24 patients (25%) had complications with the finding that the most common one was bladder injury (16/96, 16,66%). Conclusions: Routine bilateral prophylactic IIAL before CH in placenta percreta cases does not have a beneficial effect on decreasing the amount of bleeding and the amount blood transfusion

Thromboses that form in the pedicle after free flap and/or replantation may result in the loss of the flap and/or limb. Ticagrelor is an adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor antagonist antithrombotic that can inhibit ADP-dependent platelet activation and aggregation. It is clinically used in acute coronary syndrome and unstable angina. However, its effect on microarterial anastomoses has not been investigated in the literature. An experimental thrombosis model was developed in both femoral arteries of a total of 40 rats. Twenty rats were randomly selected as the drug-free control group, and 20 rats were randomly selected as the ticagrelor group. The rats in the ticagrelor group were administered a 20 mg/kg loading dose orally by gavage 24 h before the experiment, and a maintenance dose of 2x10 mg/kg ticagrelor for 14 days after surgery. After the experiment, the femoral artery was evaluated for macroscopic and microscopic thrombosis, inflammation, edema, and endothelialization. Macroscopically and microscopically, thrombosis was observed at rates of 73.3% and 33.3% in the control group and the ticagrelor group, respectively. Inflammation in the vessel wall was found as 56.7% in the control group and 16.7% in the ticagrelor group. Edema in the vessel wall was found in 63.3% of the control group and 20% of the ticagrelor group. A statistical difference was found between the two groups in terms of thrombosis, inflammation, and edema. Both groups had similar characteristics in terms of endothelialization. Ticagrelor has a reducing effect on thrombosis in the microarterial tuck model.

The etiology of chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (CEP) is not precisely known, although its characteristic features include eosinophilia, involving alveoli or blood;subacute or chronic respiratory and general symptoms;while chest radiological imaging shows peripheral pulmonary infiltrates Many cases of pneumonia associated with the new coronavirus (2019-nCoV) were detected in Wuhan, China starting in December 2019 HRCT is a highly sensitive and convenient screening tool for 2019-nCoV The radiological appearance of the new coronavirus pneumonia is not very different from that of the common viral pneumonia, but it has some unique features It usually manifests with patchy or punctuate opacities resembling ground glass (85 7%), and patchy consolidation (19 0%), and the lesions are mainly located in the subpleural area Here we present a case of CEP who presented with shortness of breath, cough, fever, and a clinical and radiological picture similar to COVID-19

The aim of this study to compare three cephalomedullary nails (CMNs) with different designs in terms of complica-tion, reoperation, implant failure, mortality rates, and functional outcomes in the treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fractures (UIFs).This retrospective study included patients with UIFs (AO/OTA type 31-A2 and 31-A3) who were treated with one of these CMNs (74 patients with Talon-PFN, 70 patients with PFN-III, and 69 patients with Intertan) between October 2014 and October 2018.A total of 213 patients (122 females and 91 males) with a mean age of 81.0±9.3 years have participated in this study. The mean follow-up time was 26.1±6.3 months. Malfixation was the most common complication and the most common reason of reop-eration for each type of CMN. Complication and reoperation rates, post-operative functional status, mean union times, and overall mortality rates were similar between groups. Mean operation/fluoroscopy time and mean blood loss were low in the Talon-PFN group, whereas the highest means of these parameters were in the PFN-III group. There were six (8.2%) implant failures in the Talon-PFN group and one (1.5%) in PFN-III group. No implant failure was seen in the Intertan group. The highest rate (58.6%) of anatomic reduc-tion was detected in PFN-III group.Our study results showed that each implant type had its own advantages and disadvantages in the treatment of UIFs with similar functional and reoperation outcomes. Intertan was advantageous with its absence of implant failures. Talon-PFN decreased the operation/fluoroscopy time and intraoperative blood loss but had the highest implant failure rate. There was a need for more anatomic reduction to centralize two separate parallel lag screws in the femoral neck in PFN-III group, and that costs operation/fluo-roscopy time and blood loss. Malfixation, which was the most common cause of complications and reoperations, should be avoided.

A novel-design femoral nail (FN) with distal talon deployment (Talon-FN) has emerged in the market to cope with problematic distal locking. We aimed to compare the radiological and functional outcomes of the Talon-FN with a conventional FN (Con-FN) for the treatment of femoral shaft fracture (FSFs).This retrospective study included 85 patients (57 men, 28 women; mean age: 46.8±23.9 years) with FSFs (AO types 32-A and B) who were treated with FNs (Talon-FN: 41, Con-FN: 44) during October 2014-2018. Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score Physical Function Shortform, Hip injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score Physical Function Shortform, Short musculoskeletal function assessment bother and dysfunction indexes were used for functional assessment.The mean follow-up time was 25.8±6.7 months. The complication rates were 19.6% and 20.5% for Talon-FN and Con-FN, respectively (p=0.92). Malunion was the most common complication for each FN type (Talon-FN: 9.8%, Con-FN: 9.1%). All of the Talon-FN group's malunions were axial (shortening and malrotation) and happened gradually. In contrast, the Con-FN group's malu-nions were angular (varus and valgus) and caused by initial malreduction. The Talon-FN group's two patients with shortening (4.9%) had AO 32-B type fractures, and the other two with malrotation (4.9%) had AO 32-A3 type fractures, all of four fractures were localized distal to the femoral isthmus. The post-operative functional outcomes were similar between the groups (all p0.05). The mean op-eration/fluoroscopy time and the mean blood loss were lower in the Talon-FN group, while the mean union time was shorter in the Con-FN group (all p0.01). No nonunion was noted in either group. The reoperation rates were similar at approximately 5% (p=0.95).Our study results revealed that the Talon-FN shortens the operation/fluoroscopy time and decreases the intra-operative blood loss with similar functional outcomes. However, the Con-FN seems to offer a more stable construct against axial malunion with a shorter bone union time. The Talon-FN should not be used in FSFs distal to the femoral isthmus with certain types of fractures prone to shortening and malrotation.

WOS:000604280800018 Giant fibroadenomas are benign masses that usually present as unilateral rapid growths in the breast during puberty. They can spread over a wide area and cause congestion and ulcerations in the breast skin. Definitive diagnosis is made by breast biopsy. Treatment options may vary from simple excision to subcutaneous mastectomy, depending on the size of the mass. Herein, we present two cases of 13- and 14-year-old female patients who were treated for giant breast fibroadenoma. In these extremely rare cases, total mass excision was performed, which preserved the breast skin.

We investigated the expression of irisin in renal cancers using immunocytochemistry. Irisin has been reported to exhibit anticancer properties. The study groups consisted of 22 cases each of control renal tissue, oncocytoma, chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (RCC), clear cell RCC (Fuhrman nuclear grades 1, 2, 3 and 4) and papillary RCC. We evaluated 10 slides for each of 176 cases. Slides were immunostained for irisin and histoscores were calculated for the prevalence and strength of immunostaining. Fuhrman nuclear grade 1, 2, 3 clear cell RCC and papillary RCC exhibited no irisin immunoreactivity. Irisin immunoreactivity was observed in some Fuhrman nuclear grade 4 RCCs. We found a significant decrease in irisin staining in chromophobe RCC compared to the control. Immunoreactivity in the oncocytoma tissue was comparable to the control group. Irisin immunoreactivity in chromophobe RCC decreased and no immunoreactivity was observed in Fuhrman nuclear grade 1, 2, 3 clear cell RCC and papillary RCC. Immunistochemical screening of irisin in renal oncocytomas and renal cancers may be useful for differential diagnosis.

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, ıslah programlarında kullanılmak üzere doğrusal tip özellikleri, verim özellikleri ve birinci laktasyon karlılığı arasındaki genetik korelasyonların tespitini yapmaktır.Materyal ve Metot: Araştırma 2012-2017 yılları arasında Hatay ilinde yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada toplam 810 baş birinci laktasyonda olan inek kullanılmıştır. Genetik parametrelerinin varyans ve kovaryanslarının analizi ise Multivariate Limited Maximum Likelihood testi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir.Bulgular: Ortalama inek başına birinci laktasyon net kar, 305-gün süt verimi, ilk buzağılama yaşı, ilk tohumlamada gebe kalma oranı ve kolay doğum oranı 540 US$, 6008 kg, 793 gün, %61.6 ve %91.7 olarak belirlenmiştir. Doğrusal tip özellikleri ile verim özelliklerinin kalıtım dereceleri sırasıyla; 0.10-0.42 ve 0.04-0.39 arasında tahmin edilmiştir. Birinci laktasyon karlılığı ile doğrusal tip özellikleri arasındaki genetik korelasyonlar -0.08 ve 0.42 arasında, birinci laktasyon karlılığı ile verim özellikleri arasındaki korelasyonlar 0.06 ve 0.34. arasında tahmin edilmiştir. Birinci laktasyon karlılığı ile en yüksek korelasyonu meme merkez bağı (0.42) gösterirken, en düşük korelasyonu meme derinliği (-0.08) göstermiştir. Yine birinci laktasyon karlılığı ile en yüksek korelasyonu süt proteini verimi (0.34) gösterirken, en düşük korelasyonu ilk tohumlamada gebe kalma oranı (0.09) göstermiştir. Doğrusal tip özellikleri ile verim özellikleri arasındaki genetik korelasyonlar -0.42 (Ayak açısı ve ilk tohumlamada gebe kalma oranı) ile 0.49 (Sütçü tip özelliği ve 305-gün süt verimi) arasında değişiklik göstermiştir.Sonuç: Araştırma sonuçları, birinci laktasyondaki daha fazla sütçü tipe sahip, ön meme bağlantısı güçlü, güçlü ayak ve bacak yapısına sahip ineklerin, birinci laktasyonda daha karlı olduklarını ve süt sığırı ıslah programlarında doğrusal tip özellikleri ile verim özellikleri arasındaki bu genetik korelasyonlardan yararlanılarak, daha isabetli seleksiyon yapılabileceğini ortaya koymuştur.

Background The present study aims to test the effect of the Safe Individualized Nipple-Feeding Competence (SINC) protocol on the preterm infants' weight gain, transition to oral feeding, and duration of hospitalization. Methods The procedure was designed as a single-blind, parallel-group randomized controlled trial. The trial was conducted in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in Konya, Turkey. Data were collected from 80 preterm infants between February 2018 and March 2019. Infants (gestational weeks 28-33) were randomly assigned to the intervention (n = 39) and control groups (n = 41). The intervention group received the SINC feeding protocol, whereas the control group received the standard feeding. Data were collected using the Family Information Form, the Preterm Infant Follow-Up Form, and the SINC Protocol Evaluation Checklist. Infants were followed from hospitalization to discharge. The outcomes were weight gain, transition to oral feeding, and the length of hospitalization from birth to discharge. Pearson χ2 test, Fisher exact test, independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and general linear model test were used in analyzing the data. Results The main effects of groups on weight measurements were found to be statistically significant (P .05). Conclusions SINC protocol positively influences weight gain in preterm infants. It is important to evaluate different evidence-based feeding methods both as they apply to the NICU stay and how they may affect long-term outcomes of preterm infant.

Background/aim Mango ginger (MG: curcuma amada) has antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities. The aim was to evaluate the antiarthritic potential efficacy of MG on collagen-induced arthritis. Materials and methods Twenty-one female Wistar-albino rats were divided into three groups. Arthritis was induced by intradermal injections of type II collagen and Freund’s adjuvant. MG extract was orally administered starting from the first collagen injection. TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17, obestatin, sclerostin, and DKK-1 serum levels were determined, and perisynovial inflammation and cartilage-bone destruction in the paws were histologically evaluated. Moreover, joint tissue TNF-α, IL-17, NF-κB, and COX-2 levels were analyzed. Results TNF-α, IL-17, IL-6, and DKK-1 serum levels were increased, and obestatin and sclerostin serum levels were decreased in the arthritis group compared to the control group. However, MG supplements decreased TNF-α, IL-17, IL-6, and DKK-1 serum levels and increased obestatin and sclerostin serum levels. Similarly, while collagen injection increased tissue TNF-α, IL-17, NF-κB, and COX-2 levels, MG decreased TNF-α, IL-17, and NF-κB levels. Moreover, MG ameliorated perisynovial inflammation and cartilage-bone destruction in the paws. Conclusion MG ameliorates arthritis via actions on inflammatory ways and wingless (Wnt) signaling pathway. These results suggest that MG may have a considerable potential efficacy for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

Objectives: Tympanic cavity (TC) is an anatomically challenging region for the diagnosis of lesions located inside it. Radiological diagnosis and demonstration of the anatomic localization of sporadic lesions such as vascular malformations and meningocele are essential for the prevention of complications that may occur during operation and recurrent unnecessary interventions. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the radiological appearance of the vascular variations and the post-traumatic soft tissue lesions which are rarely encountered in TC. Methods: A total of 3525 temporal multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) images were evaluated between 2010–2018. Twelve cases with non-inflamatory and non-neoplastic soft tissue lesions in TC were detected and 2 with meningocele were included in the study. Results: Of the 12 cases, 6 were males and 6 were females. The mean age of the patients was 26.16 years. Four cases had an aberrant internal carotid artery (ICA), being bilateral in 2 cases and right sided in the remaining 2 cases. Six cases had dehiscent mega jugular bulb (DMJB); and 2 cases had post-traumatic meningocele. Conclusion: Vascular malformations and meningoceles are rarely observed in TC. They may present nonspecific clinical signs and symptoms; however, they should be evaluated with MSCT and MRI before the surgical interventions regarding the middle ear to prevent possible complications.

We report the case of a 16-year-old female with a huge mass (40 × 30 × 40 cm) on the left ovary, causing mild bilateral hydronephrosis. Ultrasonography and computed tomography allowed us to diagnose this condition and showed an associated uretero-hydronephrosis. A unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was performed on the left ovary, and final pathology revealed a mature cystic teratoma. The patient did not experience any problems in the follow-up six months later, and her hydronephrotic appearance disappeared.

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) outcomes of arthroscopic microfracture (MF) plus chitosan-glycerol phosphate/blood implant and MF alone for the treatment of the osteochondral lesions of the talus (OCLTs). Methods: Patients who underwent either MF plus chitosan (group 1, n = 32) or MF alone (group 2, n = 31) between 2015 and 2019 in 2 separate time periods were retrospectively analyzed. Visual analog scale (VAS) score and American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) score were used for clinical evaluation. The magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue (MOCART) system was used for MRI evaluation. The mean follow-up time was 32 ± 13 months (range, 12-61 months). Results: Postoperatively, we detected significant improvements in both groups in terms of VAS and AOFAS scores. However, we observed no statistically significant difference between groups in terms of clinical scores, except the mean VAS function score, which was significantly higher in group 1 ( P = .022). According to MOCART scale, complete repair with the filling of the chondral defect and intactness of the surface of the repair tissue were more common in group 1. However, these parameters did not significantly differ between groups ( P = .257 and .242, respectively). Conclusion: Arthroscopic MF plus chitosan glycerol phosphate/blood implant did not result in better clinical and MRI outcomes compared with MF alone in the treatment of OCLTs. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative study.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between gait analysis and clinical and radiographic results in patients operated for slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE).Materials and Methods: This study included 31 patients with unilateral SCFE. The mean follow-up time was 3.3 ± 1.4 years. Harris hip score (HHS) and the Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instruments (PODCI) scores were collected. Slip-angle, alpha-angle, lateral femoral head ratio (LFHR), articulotrochanteric distance (ATD), anteroposterior plane femoral head ratio (AP-FHR), anterior head-neck offset ratio (HNOR), and neck-shaft angle (NSA) were measured. An age-matched control group consisting of 20 healthy individuals was used for comparison. Results: Transfer and basic mobility subscale of PODCI was correlated with pelvis tilt ROM (r = −0.7, p < 0.001), foot progression angle (FPA) ROM (r =−0.4, p=0.02), and mean spine tilt (r=−0.6, p, Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı femur başı epifiz kayması (FBEK) nedeniyle opere edilen hastalarda yürüme analizi ile klinik ve radyolojik sonuçların korelasyonunu değerlendirmekti. Hastalar ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmaya ortalama takibi 3.3 ± 1.4 yıl olan tek taraflı FBEK tanısıyla opere edilen 31 hasta dahil edildi. Klinik değerlendirme Harris kalça skoru (HKS) ve Pediatrik Veri Toplama Aracı (PVTA) skoru ile yapıldı. Radyolojik değerlendirme için kayma açısı, alpha alçısı, lateral femur başı oranı, artikulotrokanterik mesafe (ATM), ön-arka planda femur başı oranı, anterior baş-boyun offset oranı ve boyun şaft açısı ölçümü yapıldı. Yaş eşleşmeli 20 sağlıklı bireyden kontrol grubu oluşturuldu. Bulgular: PVTA transfer ve temel mobilite alt ölçeği; pelvis tilt eklem hareket açıklığı (EHA) (r = −0.7, p

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relation CC resistant PCOS and the thiol/disulphide homeostasis, used as a marker of OS, by measuring that exchange using a novel technique. Sixty women patients admitted to the infertility clinic were evaluated. The patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 comprised 30 infertile PCOS patients with CC resistance; Group 2 was the control group comprising 30 infertile PCOS patients with CC sensitivity. Serum total thiol (

Bayik, Rahime Nida/0000-0003-1805-2178; SEZGIN, BURAK/0000-0003-2938-5816 WOS: 000547310500001 PubMed ID: 32573299 The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and blood flow changes associated with the use of a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device (LNG-IUD) in patients with idiopathic heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB). LNG-IUD was inserted into a total of 91 patients (39.5 +/- 5.4 years) who were diagnosed with HMB. Uterine volume, ovarian volume, uterine, radial and spiral artery blood flow, Pictorial Blood Loss Assessment Chart (PBAC) scores, and other clinical and laboratory parameters were evaluated before and 12 months after insertion of LNG-IUD. Compared to pre-insertion values, LNG-IUD dramatically improved haemoglobin, PBAC scores, and endometrial thickness. Mean resistance indices of radial and spiral arteries significantly increased 12 months after insertion. Our study results suggest that a significant increase in the resistance indices of the intra-myometrial arteries in LNG-IUD users one year after insertion may be due to its local progestational effects, indicating a possible mechanism of LNG-IUD in reducing menstrual blood flow.Impact Statements What is already known on this subject?The mechanisms of action of LNG-IUD on heavy menstrual bleeding include atrophy, decidualization and vascular changes of in the endometrium, resulting endometrial suppression. However, the exact mechanism to stop bleeding is not clear. What do the results of this study add?The present study suggests that one of the effects of the LNG-IUD on heavy menstrual bleeding is its ability to increase the resistance indexes of the intra-myometrial arteries. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research?These results will foster further studies on the effects of LNG-IUD on intra-myometrial arteries and will further assure clinicians on the vascular effect of LNG-IUD during management of heavy menstrual bleeding which includes hysterectomy as a final step.

Lactobacillus species and other acid producing bacteria could inhibit aerobic bacteria, normalize the intestinal microbiota and decrease the uremic toxins in patients with chronic kidney disease. Therefore, the aim of this study is assessment of abundance of lactobacillus spp. in fecal flora of End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and kidney transplanted patients. DNA of 20 fecal samples of ESKD and kidney-transplanted as patients group and 20 fecal samples of non-ESKD and -kidney-transplanted as control group, which were admitted to hospitals, were extracted. Amplified DNA by 16srRNA illumina V3 and V4 primers were sequenced by MiSeq system. Total 651 strains, 37 (5.68%) strains were identified as order Lactobacillales. The strains were classified into six family, nine genus and 37 species. The most abundance genus in both groups are Streptococcus spp. and Lactobacillus spp. and the lowest abundance genus in both groups are Pediococcus and Leuconostoc. Comparing the abundance mean of the strains revealed that there is no significant association between control group and disease group, but the abundance mean of the strains in control group increase in compared to disease group. More diversity was exhibited in lactobacillus spp. in patients with chronic kidney disease compared to control group. Some of the species of Lactobacillaceae family such as L. acidophilus was not found in both patients and control groups. In addition, more of the species of Lactobacillaceae were decreased in patients group, whereas certain species were increased in patients group compared to control group.

The purpose of this study was to compare the neovascularization inhibiting the effect of topical bevacizumab and sorafenib and to determine the effective dose of sorafenib.Forty-two healthy Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into six groups. The right corneas of all rats except group 1 were cauterised with silver nitrate. Group 2 received DMSO, group 3 received topical bevacizumab (5 mg/dL, 3 times a day) and group 4, 5 and 6 received topical sorafenib (2.5 mg/dl, 5 mg/dL, 7.5 mg/dL, 2 times a day respectively), between days 1 and 7. Corneal photographs were taken on day 8 and the corneal neovascular area percentage was calculated. Following decapitation, the corneas were removed to determine the levels of VEGF ELİSA and corneal immune staining. The Mann-WhitneyThe neovascular corneal area percentage was statistically significantly lower in the treatment groups than group 2 (Sorafenib was as effective as bevacizumab in the regression of corneal neovascularization. The effect of sorafenib seems to be dose-dependent. The low doses and twice a day administration are important advantages of sorafenib.

Objectives: This study aims to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of the two fixation methods frequently used in the treatment of Schatzker type II fractures: lag screw fixation and lateral anatomic plate fixation. Patients and methods: This retrospective study, which was conducted between January 2005 and December 2014, included 61 patients (41 males, 20 females; mean age 43.4±13.1 years; range, 20 to 76 years) with Schatzker type II (Orthopaedic Trauma Association (OTA)/Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen (AO) 41-B3) fractures. Patients were divided into two groups according to the type of surgery as cannulated lag screw fixation group (group 1, n=24, 39.4%) and lateral locking plate fixation group (group 2, n=37, 60.6%). Intraoperative mediolateral and anteroposterior instability were measured. Final knee flexionextention range of motion (ROM), single-leg hop test, Knee Society Score (KSS), Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) and short form 36 (SF36) scores were obtained at the last follow-up. Results: The mean age of patients was 42.1±13.8 years in group 2 and 45.5±12.2 years in group 1. The mean follow-up period was 34±4 months. Minimal or no arthritis was detected in 75% (n=18) of patients in group 1 and 78% (n=29) of patients in group 2 (p=0.27). Single leg-hop test results (p=0.55), final follow-up knee ROM (p=0.40), KSS (p=0.21), HSS (p=0.15), and SF36 scores of group 1 were similar to group 2. In group 1, the duration of surgery was shorter (p

Objective: Since colorectal cancers (CRC) are tumors with heterogeneous biological behavior, prediction of their prognosis remains challenging. Caudal-related homeobox gene 2 (CDX2), which has important roles in the development and maintenance of intestines, is thought to have tumor suppressing effect on CRCs. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic significance of decreased-CDX2 expression. Method: This retrospective study included 224 patients diagnosed with CRC between 2009 and 2014. Paraffinized blocks of these patients were stained with CDX2 immunohistochemically and evaluated semiquantitatively. Results: Only 35 (15.6%) of 224 patients had low-CDX2 expression. Decrease in CDX2 expression was closely associated with classical prognostic parameters such as histopathologic type, histologic grade, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and TNM stage. Patients with decreased-CDX2 expression had more lymph node metastasis (p=0.013) and advanced TNM stage (p=0.004) than those without decreased-expression. The mean survival was 53.0±0.89 months. Cox regression analysis showed that decreased-CDX2 expression was significantly related with overall survival (Univariate analysis; hazard ratio: 0.09, 95% confidence interval: 0.05-0.16; p

WOS:000517283300005 Background: Radial head arthroplasty is an alternative treatment for complex radial head fractures that are not appropriate for fixation. No study to date has reported the outcomes of monoblock ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMW-PE) radial head prosthesis (RHP) for the treatment of radial head fracture. We aimed to evaluate the functional and radiographic outcomes of patients with unreconstructable acute radial head fractures treated with a monoblock UHMW-PE RHP. Methods: Patients who underwent UHMW-PE RHP placement for the treatment of radial head fracture were included in this retrospective case series. Patients who did not complete follow-up were excluded. Primary outcome measurements were the Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) and the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score. The latest follow-up physical examination and radiographs were evaluated for loosening, subluxation, and dislocation. Postoperative complications and need for further surgery were noted. Results: Eleven patients (four female and seven male patients) with a mean follow-up of 18.5 mo were evaluated. The mean MEPS was 79.5 (range, 65-100) at 3 mo postoperatively and 85.9 (range, 75-100) at the latest follow-up. The mean DASH score was 10.8 (range, 3-20) at 3 mo postoperatively and 8.7 (0-20) at the latest follow-up. No complications were encountered during follow-up. Conclusions: Radial head arthroplasty with a monoblock UHMW-PE RHP is safe and effective at short-term follow-up for treating acute unreconstructable radial head fractures with satisfactory functional and radiographic outcomes.