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There are limited data regarding the correlation of clinical and pathologic parameters with mismatch repair (MMR) protein-deficient subgroups and methylation status. In this study, we analyzed the status of MMR proteins in resection specimens of 198 consecutive endometrial carcinomas and the methylation status in tumors with MLH1 and PMS2 deficiency. We, therefore, assessed the correlation of clinical and pathologic parameters with MMR protein-deficient subgroups. Univariate analysis revealed that deeper myometrial invasion and the presence of tumor-associated lymphocytes were more frequently observed in tumors with MMR protein deficiency ( P =0.023 and 0.001, respectively). The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that only the presence of tumor-associated lymphocytes was significantly associated with MMR protein deficiency ( P =0.002, odds ratio=2.674, 95% confidence interval=1.418-5.045). We also compared MLH1 and PMS2 deficiency with other protein deficiency regarding clinical and pathologic parameters. Furthermore, we compared MLH1 methylated tumors with MMR protein-deficient nonmethylated tumors regarding clinical and pathologic parameters. MLH1 was methylated in 51 of 54 tumors with MLH1 and PMS2 deficiency. In univariate analysis, a larger tumor size was significantly associated with MLH1 and PMS2 deficiency and with MLH1 methylation ( P =0.004 and 0.005, respectively). The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that a larger tumor size was significantly associated with MLH1 and PMS2 deficiency and MLH1 methylation ( P =0.002, odds ratio=14.222, 95% confidence interval=2.560-79.026, P =0.008, odds ratio=22.222, 95% confidence interval=2.220-222.395, respectively). Our results showed a slightly higher rate of MLH1 and PMS2 deficiency (34.3%) than in previous studies. This may likely be due to ethnic differences in frequency of various mutations.

Background: Further data on the causes of functional independence or disability after surgery are needed to explain the clinical decision-making process for older patients, their families, and policy-makers. There are a limited number of studies showing the relationship between kinesiophobia, functional status, pain and mobility in older adults after surgery. Aims: The study aims to investigate relationships among kinesiophobia, pain, mobility, and functional status in older adults after surgery. Methods: A comparative–descriptive and cross-sectional study. The research was conducted with 99 older adults in the general surgery clinic after surgery. A Visual Analogue Scale was used to evaluate pain levels, the Standardized Mini-Mental State Examination to evaluate mental function status, the Functional Independence Measure to assess functional independence in daily activities, the Rivermead Mobility Index to evaluate basic mobility in daily life, and the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia to assess fear of mobility. Results: Regression analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between social security and kinesiophobia, and also between functional level and type of anesthesia and mental status in older women (R2 = ? 0.185, p = 0.005; R2 = ? 0.167, p = 0.011 and p = 0.005, respectively). Discussion: In the literature, there are no standardized procedures during the evaluation and rehabilitation of older adults after abdominal or thoracic surgery, etc. operations. This study will contribute to the current literature by attracting interest in this field and increasing the evaluations performed. Conclusions: The study findings emphasize the importance of evaluating the functional, mobility, mental and kinesiophobic status of older adults after surgery in clinics, rehabilitation centers, or research. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Introduction The Development of the SARS-CoV-2 virus vaccine and its update on an ongoing pandemic is the first subject of the world health agenda. Areas covered First, we will scrutinize the biological features of the measles virus (MV), variola virus (smallpox virus), influenza virus, and their vaccines to compare them with the SARS-CoV-2 virus and vaccine. Next, we will discuss the statistical details of measuring the effectiveness of an improved vaccine. Expert opinion Amidst the pandemic, we ought to acknowledge our prior experiences with respiratory viruses and vaccines. In the planning stage of observational Phase-III vaccine effectiveness studies, the sample size, sampling method, statistical model, and selection of variables are crucial in obtaining high-quality and valid results.

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, multipl skleroz (MS) tanılı kadınların ve sağlıklı gönüllülerin alt üriner sistem semptomlarını karşılaştırmak amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışmaya MS’li 48 kadın (ortalama yaş 41,13±10,93 yıl) ile sağlıklı 51 kadın (38,88±10,26 yıl) dahil edildi. Sosyodemografik özellikler kaydedildikten sonra alt üriner sistem semptomları Bristol Kadın Alt Üriner Sistem Semptomları İndeksi (BKAÜSSİ) ile, pelvik taban prob¬lemleri Pelvik Taban Distres Envanteri-20 (PTDE-20) ve Global Pelvik Taban Rahatsızlık Anketi (GPTRA) ile, aşırı aktif mesane semptomları Aşırı Aktif Mesane Anketi-V8 (AAM-V8) ile, yaşam kali¬tesi Multipl Skleroz Yaşam Kalitesi Anketi-54 (MSYKA-54) ile değerlendirildi. Bulgular: İki grubun BKAÜSSİ depolama, inkontinans ve yaşam kalitesi alt boyut ve toplam puan¬ları arasında anlamlı fark saptandı (p≤0,05). Üriner inkontinans şikayetleri, mikst üriner inkontinans sıklığı, pelvik taban problemleri ve aşırı aktif mesane semptomları MS’li kadınlarda sağlıklı kadınlara kıyasla daha yaygındı (p≤0,05). MS’li kadınların ortalama MSYKA-54 bileşik fiziksel ve mental sağ¬lık puanları sırasıyla 58,65±19,08 ve 63,68±20,48 idi, ortalama MSYKA-54 total sağlık puanları ise 122,33±36,2 olarak tespit edildi. Sonuç: MS’li kadınlarda alt üriner sistem semptomları daha yaygındır ve yaşam kalitesi olumsuz etkilenmektedir. Klinik değerlendirmelerde üriner inkontinans problemleri göz ardı edilme¬meli, alt üriner sistem semptomları da incelenmelidir

Aim: In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the effect of angular parameters, which are a part of mandibular morphometry, on gender assessment with the help of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Material and Methods: A total of 197 healthy adults, 100 females and 97 males, aged between 18-68 years were included in our study. Ten angular parameters of the mandible were evaluated using CBCT. Independent samples t-test was used to compare the gender for each of the age and angle measurements. In addition, the success of the angles in gender diagnosis was examined by a stepwise linear canonical differential analysis. Statistical significance level was accepted as p0.05). In order to eliminate the effect of age difference, a total of 11 variables including age were comprised in the model, and discriminant analysis was performed with the stepwise variable elimination method to select only the variables that could make significant gender discrimination. As a result of variable elimination, we found that the overall correct classification success of the discriminant function, which includes a total of 4 angles, sexually dimorphic right α angle, left Go angle, right β angle, and left α angle, was 71.5%. Conclusion: This study showed that among the angular parameters of the mandible, the left Go angle being the highest, the right α angle, right β angle and left α angles have sexual dimorphic properties, and gender estimation can be made with 71.5% overall accuracy with the discriminant function containing these parameters.

Objective: The amount of evidence suggests that the apoptosis marker M30-antigen (an antibody that recognizes the cytokeratin-18 fragment) has an association with hyperglycemia. Material and Methods: In this study, serum M30 levels of 145 patients diagnosed with prediabetes (n = 28) and type 2 diabetes, which was divided into four groups according to their HbA1c levels, were measured. The health control group (n = 24) was composed of healthy individuals. Serum concentrations of M30 antigen were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system and expressed as mean ± SD. HbA1c concentration was determined by boronate affinity technology according to NGSP standards. Results: M30 levels were comparable in the healthy control group (64,39±3,9 U/L) and prediabetes group (82,07±13,7). Type 2 diabetes Groups A, B, C, and D had levels of 109,38±16 U/L, 117,46±14,3 U/L, 173,69±48,1 U/L, and 163,40±37,3 U/L, respectively. The analysis of the data has shown that serum levels of M30 in the control and prediabetes groups were significantly lower than Type 2 diabetes Groups C and D (p=0.043). When all groups were taken into consideration, a significant relationship was found between HbA1c and serum M30 levels (r=0.231, p=0.002). Conclusion: Apparently, the increase in glycemia is followed by a rise in the serum levels of the, suggesting that apoptosis occurs as a secondary effect immediately after hyperglycemia.

Objectives To determine the cochlea's average size in humans and evaluate the relationships between certain covariates and cochlear size. Methods A systematic search on articles on cochlear size and published in English was conducted using Cochrane, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases up to September 15, 2020. Data were pooled using random-effects with three models. The effect of demographic, clinical, and measurement-related parameters was specifically analyzed. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were conducted. The overall effect estimation was made for outcomes. Results The meta-analysis included 4,708 cochleae from 56 studies. The overall length of the organ of Corti was 32.94 mm (95% confidence interval [CI]: 32.51-33.38). The first and second models revealed that age, gender, country, continent, measurement method (direct, indirect), measured structure ("A" value, cochlear lateral wall), origin (in vivo, in vitro), and type (histology specimens, plastic casts, imaging) of the cochlear material did not affect the cochlear size. However, study populations (general population, patients with a cochlear implant, and patients with congenital sensorineural hearing loss [CSNHL]) were found to affect the outcomes. Compared to the other populations, patients with CSNHL had shorter cochleae. Therefore, we developed a third model and found that the general population and patients with cochlear implants did not differ in cochlear size. Conclusion This meta-analysis investigated the factors that could affect the cochlear size and found that patients with CSNHL had significantly shorter cochleae, whereas other covariates had no significant effect. Laryngoscope, 2021.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of balneological outpatient treatment (hydrotherapy and peloidotherapy) on clinical status and serum cytokine levels in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP). Seventy-four patients with CLBP who accepted to participate to the study were randomly divided into two groups. The study group was given ten sessions (in 2 weeks) of hydrotherapy, peloidotherapy, and home exercise, while the control group was given only home exercise. All patients were assessed before and at the end of therapy, at the 1st and 3rd months. The primary outcomes were pain intensity on the visual analog scale (VAS) (VAS-pain, VAS-rest, VAS-exercise) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). The secondary outcome measures included patient's and physician's global assessment (VAS-PGA), (VAS-DGA), finger-to-floor distance (FFD), modified Schober test, Short Form-36 (SF-36), and the use of analgesic drug. Venous blood samples were drawn from all patients before/1st day and after therapy/12th day to measure serum interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 levels. Significant improvement was observed in the study group in VAS-pain, VAS-rest, VAS-exercise, VAS-PGA, VAS-DGA, ODI, and SF-36 parameters after treatment and improvement maintained for 3 months. In the control group, significant improvement was observed in VAS-pain, VAS-exercise, VAS-PGA, VAS-DGA, and ODI scores on the 12th day and continued for 3 months. Decrease in pain, pain during rest and exercise, modified Schober test, VAS-PGA, VAS-DGA, ODI scores, and the increase in SF-36 pain and general health scores showed superiority in favor of the study group in all evaluations. There was a significant increase in IL-10 values from baseline at the end of treatment in the study group. The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) was significantly lower in the study group compared with the use of NSAID in the control group in the 3rd month. Balneological outpatient treatment improved clinical status in CLBP patients. Although no significant correlation was clearly determined between IL-10 levels and pain score, this effect might be related to the observed increase in the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 levels that was observed only in the study group.

Objectives The aim of this study was (1) to evaluate the relationship between spheno-occipital synchondrosis (SOS) fusion stages, cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) stages, and clivus sizes with chronological age on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images, and (2) to compare these methods for accurate age estimation using regression analysis. Methods The CBCT images of 200 individuals (102 females and 98 males) were included in the study. The SOS fusion stages and CVM stages were evaluated. The width and length of the clivus were measured. The effects of SOS fusion stages, CVM stages, clivus width, and clivus length on age estimation were evaluated by univariate tests and the effects of coexistence with ANCOVA and regression model. Spearman rank correlation analysis was also used to investigate the relationship between the SOS fusion stage, CVM stage, clivus width, and clivus length. Results The SOS stages, CVM stages, and clivus width were not shown statistically significant differences between the sexes (p-values = 0.205, 0.162, and 0.277, respectively), whereas clivus length was significantly longer in males (42.9 ± 4.26 mm) than in females (41.04 ± 3.74 mm). Multiple regression analysis showed 80% success when all parameters (SOS fusion stages, CVM stages, clivus width, and clivus length) were taken into consideration. Conclusion In conclusion, with the use of CVM stages and SOS fusion stages together, an accurate and reliable age estimation can be obtained in forensic medicine.

Hyperglycaemia can alter placental resistance to blood flow and hyperglycaemia has adverse perinatal outcomes. Oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT) increases the maternal plasma glucose levels temporarily and mimics metabolic hyperglycaemia. The blood flow of the uterine artery (UtA), umbilical artery (UA), middle cerebral artery (MCA) were assessed before, 1 and 2 h following the OGTT by using Doppler ultrasonography. Z-score of cerebroplacental ratio (CPR), pulsatility index (PI) for three vessels were evaluated separately. All measurements of the MCA, UA, UtA Doppler parameters were not statistically different for fasting, and 1 and 2 h following the 75 g OGTT in the 53 pregnant women with a singleton gestation in the low-risk group. This study results show that acute hyperglycaemia induced by OGTT has no effect on maternal and foetal Doppler parameters in healthy pregnancies.IMPACT STATEMENT

Objectives: Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a degenerative musculoskeletal disease of unknown etiology, associated with morphological and functional deformities. The present study aimed to evaluate the angular parameters of the mandible in TMD patients with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to compare with healthy controls. Methods: A total of 107 patients (54 in the TMD group and 53 in the control group) were included in the study. Ten angular measurements including right and left sides and 4 different length measurements were evaluated on CBCT images of both groups to eliminate individual differences. The differences between the two groups were examined using the significance test or Mann-Whitney U test. Multiple linear regression analysis was used for a detailed examination of the relationship between parameters. Results: The upper face width was significantly higher in the TMD group (p=0.004). After correcting for the upper face width value, there was a significant difference between the groups in terms of the right b angle values (p=0.001). The other differences were not significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: The decrease in the right b angle in the TMD group can be interpreted as a result of the mechanical effect of masticatory muscle hyperactivity on the angular properties of the mandible in these patients

Aim: To examine the effect of foot anthropometric measurements and body sizes of young male adults with normal posture on balance. Methods: In this study, the effect of body size and foot anthropometric measurements of 112 young male adults with normal posture on balance was investigated. The foot and body parameters of the cases were measured. The static and the dynamic balance tests were evaluated according to the dominant foot in each case. The parameters that affected balance were determined and the variables were taken to the model. In addition, the significance levels that defined the effects of the properties examined in relation with the balance were also calculated. Results: When the findings were evaluated, it was determined that the effect of the foot parameters other than the foot length, and the effect of 15 body parameters other than the biiliac diameter, trochanteric height, and right upper extremity length on balance performance was significant. The balance test performance was predicted with success ranging from 7.8% to 43% with the parameters included in the model. Conclusion: In this study, the fact that the relation between the foot anthropometric and body dimensions and functional balance performances of young male adults was found to be significant shows that this relation must be considered in the creation of a normative database on balance, and in clinical studies that will be conducted on the subject.

Bu çalışmada, sağlıklı genç erkeklerde bitrokanterik çap ve Flamingo denge testi performans düzeyi arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek amaçlandı. Araştırmaya 18-25 yaş aralığında 96 sağlıklı genç erkek alınmıştır. Olguların beden kitle indeksi normal aralıkta 20-24,99 kg/m2 olmak üzere sınırlandırılmıştır. Olguların denge performansı Flamingo Denge Testi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bitrokanterik çap ölçümü başta olmak üzere ayak parametreleri dijital kaliper kullanarak değerlendirilmiştir. Flamingo denge testi ile bitrokanterik çap arasındaki basit ve kısmi korelasyonlar Pearson korelasyon analizi ile değerlendirildi. Bu çalışmadan elde ettiğimiz sonuçlar sağlıklı genç erkeklerde bitrokanterik çap ve Flamingo denge testi performans düzeyi arasında, ayak parametreleri ve Beden Kitle İndeksi değerleri kontrol altına alınarak ve alınmayarak istatistiksel olarak incelendi. Flamingo denge testi ile bitrokanterik çap arasındaki ilişki her iki değerlendirmede de istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki olmadığını göstermiştir (p>0,05). Çalışmamızın sağlıklı erkek genç yetişkinlerde trokanterik çap parametresi ve Flamingo denge performansı biyomekaniği arasındaki ilişkinin anlamlı bulunmaması ile bu sonuçların ışığında ileride yapılacak klinik araştırmaların planlanmasında katkı sağlayarak yararlı olabileceği kanısındayız., In this study, the purpose was to examine the relation between trochanteric diameter and Flamingo Balance Test performance levels in healthy young men. A total of 96 healthy young men between the ages of 18 and 25 were included in the study. The Body Mass Index of the cases was limited as 20-24.99 kg/m2 within normal range. The balance performance of the subjects was evaluated with Flamingo Balance Test. Foot parameters, especially trochanteric diameter measurements, were evaluated by using a digital caliper. Simple and partial correlations between Flamingo Balance Test and trochanteric diameter were evaluated with Pearson Correlation Analysis. The results of this study were examined statistically between trochanteric diameter and performance of Flamingo Balance Test in healthy young men, by controlling and not controlling the values of the feet parameters and Body Mass Index values. The relation between Flamingo Balance Test and trochanteric diameter was not statistically significant in both evaluations (p>0.05). We believe that our study might be useful in planning future clinical studies in the light of these results, as it was determined that there was no significant relationship between the trochanteric diameter parameter and Flamingo Balance Performance biomechanics in healthy male young adults.

Objective: The coronavirus, which originated in Wuhan, causing the disease called COVID-19, spread more than 200 countries and continents end of the March. In this study, it was aimed to model the outbreak with different time series models and also predict the indicators. Materials and Methods: The data was collected from 25 countries which have different process at least 20 days. ARIMA(p,d,q), Simple Exponential Smoothing, Holt’s Two Parameter, Brown’s Double Exponential Smoothing Models were used. The prediction and forecasting values were obtained for the countries. Trends and seasonal effects were also evaluated. Results and Discussion: China has almost under control according to forecasting. The cumulative death prevalence in Italy and Spain will be the highest, followed by the Netherlands, France, England, China, Denmark, Belgium, Brazil and Sweden respectively as of the first week of April. The highest daily case prevalence was observed in Belgium, America, Canada, Poland, Ireland, Netherlands, France and Israel between 10% and 12%.The lowest rate was observed in China and South Korea. Turkey was one of the leading countries in terms of ranking these criteria. The prevalence of the new case and the recovered were higher in Spain than Italy. Conclusion: More accurate predictions for the future can be obtained using time series models with a wide range of data from different countries by modelling real time and retrospective data. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(0) 2020 p.06-20

Purpose The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of Pilates exercise program on health-related quality of life, pain, functional level, and depression status in university students. Design and methods The exercise programs were carried out for 12 weeks. The scales of Nottingham Health Profile, Visual Analog Scale, Oswestry Disability Index, and Beck Depression Inventory were used at the baseline and after training. Findings Exercise should be encouraged to reduce pain and depression and improve the quality of life in healthy university students. Both Pilates and therapeutic exercises approach can be preferred. Practice implications The results of this study show the inability to identify clear different effects from therapeutic exercises on university students for Pilates exercises.

Background: In this cross-sectional, international study, we aimed to analyze vector-borne and zoonotic infections (VBZI), which are significant global threats. Method: VBZIs’ data between May 20–28, 2018 was collected. The 24 Participatingcountries were classified as lower-middle, upper-middle, and high-income. Results: 382 patients were included. 175(45.8%) were hospitalized, most commonly in Croatia, Egypt, and Romania(P = 0.001). There was a significant difference between distributions of VBZIs according to geographical regions(P < 0.001). Amebiasis, Ancylostomiasis, Blastocystosis, Cryptosporidiosis, Giardiasis, Toxoplasmosis were significantly more common in the Middle-East while Bartonellosis, Borreliosis, Cat Scratch Disease, Hantavirus syndrome, Rickettsiosis, Campylobacteriosis, Salmonellosis in Central/East/South-East Europe; Brucellosis and Echinococcosis in Central/West Asia; Campylobacteriosis, Chikungunya, Tick-borne encephalitis, Visceral Leishmaniasis, Salmonellosis, Toxoplasmosis in the North-Mediterranean; CCHF, Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, Dengue, Malaria, Taeniasis, Salmonellosis in Indian Subcontinent; Lassa Fever in West Africa. There were significant regional differences for viral hemorrhagic fevers(P < 0.001) and tick-borne infections(P < 0.001), and according to economic status for VBZIs(P < 0.001). The prevalences of VBZIs were significantly higher in lower-middle income countries(P = 0.001). The most similar regions were the Indian Subcontinent and the Middle-East, the Indian Subcontinent and the North-Mediterranean, and the Middle-East and North-Mediterranean regions. Conclusions: Regional and socioeconomic heterogeneity still exists for VBZIs. Control and eradication of VBZIs require evidence-based surveillance data, and multidisciplinary efforts.

Background There are major health benefits of physical activity (PA) during pregnancy, yet there is scant data about a woman's knowledge and understanding of these benefits globally. Design and Methods We aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of pregnant women in the United Arab Emirates concerning exercise. We wanted to investigate why some women exercise while others do not exercise during pregnancy. We used a cross-sectional study using a paper-based questionnaire involving pregnant women at antenatal clinics in the Dubai health Authority. The Modified form of Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ) was adapted in both Arabic and English and used in this study. Results Women aging 25-35 that had a higher educational level, were employed, having 1 or 2 previous pregnancies, and having better knowledge on the benefits of Physical Activity (PA) during pregnancy had better exercise profiles. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that the majority of the women that participated in our study were shown to have low PA during pregnancy. Better education and communication of the benefits of PA during pregnancy are needed to improve exercise among pregnant women in the UAE population. We found that improved education of women specific to PA with involvement of a healthcare provider were associated with an increase in PA during pregnancy.

Epidemiological studies indicate that elevated blood pressure (BP) is common among children. Early detection of elevated BP in children is important in the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Difficulties exist in the diagnosis of "elevated" BP in children of 8-12 years of age. Normative tables of sex, age, and height specific BP percentile levels are required. Reports provide normative tables of BP percentile levels in children. Elevated BP is defined as systolic and diastolic BP ≥ 90th age, sex, and height specific BP percentile. The study tests the internal consistency and reliability between the normative tables of BP in children. The main objective of the study is to assess the reliability of existing normative tables of BP in children by using ad hoc analysis of a prior survey. A cross-sectional survey was performed in elementary school children (8-12 years of age, n = 818) from Istanbul, Turkey. The survey was conducted in 2007-2008. Four different normative tables of BP were used to determine children with elevated BP. The reliability and internal consistency between the normative tables of BP in children were assessed. The prevalences of elevated systolic and diastolic BP in children differed significantly between the normative tables of BP. The internal consistency between the normative tables was poor (Cronbach α coefficient = 0.429). Kuder-Richardson 21 test indicated poor reliability between the local and international normative tables of BP. In conclusion, the study indicates that there are significant inconsistencies and poor reliability between the national and international normative tables of BP in children.

WOS: 000484127900010 PubMed: 31598597 Objectives: This study aims to investigate and compare the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection, corticosteroid injection, and physical therapy in addition to exercise treatment on pain, shoulder functions, and quality of life in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome (SAIS). Patients and methods: Ninety patients (37 males, 53 females; mean age 48.99 years; range, 33 to 60 years) who were diagnosed as Stage 2 SAIS were included in the study. Patients were randomized into three groups. PRP injection was administered into the subacromial space of the affected shoulder in group 1, corticosteroid injection was administered in the subacromial joint space in group 2, and 10 sessions of physical therapy were given in group 3 five times weekly including transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, ultrasound, and hot packs. Moreover, an exercise program was administered in all groups. visual analog scale (VAS) was used to determine the resting and moving shoulder pain; while the Shoulder Disability Questionnaire, Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH) questionnaire, and the University of California, Los Angeles Shoulder Rating Scale (UCLA SRS) were used to evaluate the functionality of patients. Quality of life was analyzed using a generic Short Form 36 (SF-36). Results: All scores improved in all three groups compared with the period before treatment. Comparison of the groups showed higher scores in group 1 compared to groups 2 and 3 at week eight on QuickDASH, UCLA SRS, VAS at rest and during activity, and SF-36 pain subgroup scores. Conclusion: All three treatment modalities were effective in the treatment of SAIS. However, we suggest that the inexpensive and noninvasive methods of physical therapy and exercise should be the first preferred treatment in SAIS owing to causing no adverse events. Duzce University Research Fund (Scientific Research Projects)Duzce University [2015.04.03.393] This work was produced based on a research project funded by the Duzce University Research Fund (Scientific Research Projects) under grant number 2015.04.03.393.

Exact localization of the bifurcation of the common carotid artery using skin surface landmarks is important for various diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including emergency cases. Traditional methods have confirmed their accuracy in only a certain percentage of cases and there are inconsistencies among various publications. The cervical computed tomography-angiographic examinations for any diagnostic purpose between June 2017 and December, 2017 in the authors' hospital were examined. Measurements were performed for (MT-CB) and (MT-SE) distances and the results were recorded [MT = The tip of the mastoid process; CB = common carotid artery bifurcation; SE = sternal extremity of the clavicle]. Cervical computed tomography angiography was found in the records of 91 patients in the 6-month period between June 2017 and December 2017. After exclusion criteria were applied, a total of 116 carotid bifurcation levels on the right and left sides were measured in 58 patients. The mean MT-CB distance was 6.29 ± 0.9 cm (range: 2.9-8.4 cm). The mean distance between MT and SE was 15.3 ± 1.7 cm (range: 9.9-19.0 cm). The (MT-CB): (MT-SE) ratios ranged from 29% to 51% with a mean of 41 ± 4.2% (95% CI: 39.88%-42.10%) and a median of 41.1% (P < 0.05) (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test). The distance ratio values did not change significantly according to age and gender (respectively P = 0.341, P = 0.093). These results show that the CB is usually located at two-fifths of the distance from the mastoid tip to the sternal extremity of the clavicle and closer to the mastoid tip.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common complication during pregnancy. Evaluation of the quantitative physical activity in diabetic pregnant women is critical. The aim of this study was to test the reliability and validity of the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ) in Turkish patients with GDM. A total of 120 pregnant women between the ages of 18 and 44 years with GDM were included. The reliability of the questionnaire was measured by internal consistency and analysis of 2-week test-retest reliability. Of the patients, 74 completed the test-retest procedure. Concurrent validity was examined by comparing the PPAQ with the Short Form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) in 36 patients. Test-retest intraclass correlation coefficient scores varied between 0.72 and 0.95. The Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that the PPAQ total activity values were statistically significantly correlated with the total values of IPAQ-Short Form (

This study aimed to evaluate the radiomorphometric indexes and fractal dimension (FD) on dental panoramic radiography (DPR) of Thalassemia Major (TM) patients. In 59 TM patients and in 59 healthy control subjects, mandibular cortical index (MCI), mandibular cortical width (MCW), panoramic mandibular index (PMI), and FD of four different regions (FD1-4) were evaluated and compared using DPRs. The distribution of MCI in TM patients was similar to control subjects (p > 0.05). The mean MCW was significantly lower in TM patients (p = 0.001). There was no significant difference in PMI between TM patients and control subjects. The mean of FD measured in the supracortical area above the angle of mandible (FD2), in the anterior to the mental foramen (FD4) and mean FD of four different regions was significantly lower in TM patients (p = 0.003, p = 0.001, and p = 0.014, respectively). The radiomorphometric indices and fractal dimensions evaluated in the panoramic radiograph are capable of identifying thalassemia patients’ jaw bone, and the results of DPR scanning can be used to refer these patients to appropriate medical investigation.

Aim: The pathogenic bacterium on the hands of healthcare workers (HCWs) is considered as the main route of spread of hospital-acquired infections. This study determines the knowledge regarding hand hygiene among medical and nursing students in a Regional Referral Hospital.Material and Methods: 100 students participated in the study. Data was collected using the World Health Organization hand hygiene knowledge questionnaire (revised 2009). The questionnaire contains questions on the participant’s demographics, formal training in hand hygiene and questions to assess hand hygiene knowledge. Descriptive statistics of the variables were computed as Mean±SD and frequencies (n, %). The relationships between the categorical variables were investigated by using Pearson Chi-Square test. Also independent-samples t-test were used to investigate the difference between groups with regard to numerical variables. In all calculations, P< 0.05 is considered as the level of statistical significance. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20 (IBM SPSS statistics, Somers, NY).Results: 90.8% of the students reported receiving formal training in hand hygiene. However only 2% of the students had good knowledge, 74% moderate knowledge and 24% low knowledge about hand hygiene. The study did not find any significant difference in the knowledge level between the students who had received formal training in hand hygiene and those who had not (p=0.392). Also, the mean knowledge score was not associated with gender (p=0.82), or profession (p=0.179). Conclusion: It is of importance to devise effective teaching methods that will help the students retain the knowledge on hand hygiene., Amaç: Sağlık çalışanlarının elindeki patojenik bakteri, hastane kaynaklı enfeksiyonların ana yayılma yolu olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu çalışma, bir Bölge Sevk Hastanesindeki tıp ve hemşirelik öğrencilerinin el hijyenine ilişkin bilgilerini belirlemektedir.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Araştırmaya 44'ü tıp öğrencisi, 56'sı hemşirelik öğrencisi olan 100 öğrenci katılmıştır. Anket, katılımcının demografik bilgilerini, el hijyeni konusundaki resmi eğitimi ve el hijyeni bilgisini değerlendirmek için sorular içermektedir. Değişkenlerin tanımlayıcı istatistikleri Ortalama±SD ve frekanslar (n, %) olarak hesaplandı. Kategorik değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiler Pearson Ki-Kare testi kullanılarak araştırıldı. Ayrıca, sayısal değişkenler açısından gruplar arasındaki farkı araştırmak için independent-samples t-testi kullanıldı. Tüm hesaplamalarda, istatistiksel anlamlılık düzeyi olarak p

Emerging evidence indicates that dysbiosis of gut microbiota plays an important role in epilepsy, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear due to the complex nature of both microbial composition and pathophysiology of epilepsy. We investigated effects of long-term probiotics supplementation on epileptic seizures, and inflammatory and oxidant/antioxidant biomarkers in a pentylenetetrazole(PTZ)-induced seizure model in rats. Male Wistar weaner-rats were divided into four groups. The first two groups received 1 ml/day saline solution, while the other groups received 0.05 mg/1ml/day vehicle or 109cfu/1ml/day probiotic-mixture, respectively, for 60 days by gavage. Seizure was induced by a single convulsive dose of PTZ. Seizures were evaluated using Racine's scale. Concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines in plasma and brain tissue were determined using ELISA, while oxidant/antioxidant biomarkers were measured using an automated-colorimetric method. Probiotics supplementation exhibited anticonvulsant effects against PTZ-induced seizures by retarding onset-times of both myoclonic-jerk and generalized tonic-clonic seizure, and by shortening duration of generalized tonic-clonic seizure. Additionally, it alleviated PTZ-induced increases in levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17A, but not of IFNγ, in plasma and brain tissue. Moreover, it restored PTZinduced fluctuations in levels of oxidants TOS and disulfide, and of antioxidants native thiol and total thiol. Our findings suggest that long-term probiotics supplementation exhibits protective effects against epileptic seizures, and alleviates (neuro)inflammation and oxidative stress related to pathophysiology of epilepsy. A probiotic-rich diet provided from childhood may provide prophylaxis against epileptic seizures, especially in susceptible individuals, as the neonate diet represents a fundamental extrinsic factor in establishing gut microbiota.

We aimed to explore factors for optimizing antimicrobial treatment in emergency departments. A single-day point prevalence survey was conducted on January 18, 2020, in 53 referral/tertiary hospitals in 22 countries. 1957 (17%) of 11557 patients presenting to EDs had infections. The mean qSOFA score was 0.37 +/- 0.74. Sepsis (qSOFA >= 2) was recorded in 218 (11.1%) patients. The mean qSOFA score was significantly higher in low-middle (1.48 +/- 0.963) compared to upper-middle (0.17 +/- 0.482) and high-income (0.36 +/- 0.714) countries ( P < 0.001). Eight (3.7%) patients with sepsis were treated as outpatients. The most common diagnoses were upper-respiratory (n = 877, 43.3%), lower-respiratory (n = 316, 16.1%), and lower-urinary (n = 201, 10.3%) infections. 1085 (55.4%) patients received antibiotics. The most-commonly used antibiotics were beta-lactam (BL) and BL inhibitors (n = 307, 15.7%), third-generation cephalosporins (n = 251, 12.8%), and quinolones (n = 204, 10.5%). Irrational antibiotic use and inappropriate hospitalization decisions seemed possible. Patients were more septic in countries with limited resources. Hence, a better organizational scheme is required.

The aim of this study is to examine the factors affecting seizure recurrence in pediatric patients diagnosed with epilepsy. Three hundred patients presenting to the pediatric neurology clinic between 2015 and 2018 and diagnosed with epilepsy and treated with single antiseizure drug were included in the study. Medical histories and clinical and laboratory findings were retrieved retrospectively from the hospital data system. The combined and adjusted effects of risk factors on seizure recurrence were evaluated using multivariate binary logistic regression analysis. Boys had a higher rate of seizure recurrence than girls. Seizure recurrence was also higher in patients with abnormal neurological examinations at the time of diagnosis compared to those with normal neurological examinations. Seizure recurrence was significantly higher in patients with global growth retardation. Epilepsy patients with abnormal MRI findings also had a higher rate of seizure recurrence than patients with normal neuroimaging findings. In addition, seizure recurrence was significantly higher in epilepsy patients with comorbidities such as cerebral palsy and autism spectrum disorders compared to patients without comorbidities. No significant association was observed between seizure recurrence and the first drug, perinatal asphyxia history, localization of epileptiform discharges on EEG, family history of epilepsy, family history of febrile seizures, history of stay in the neonatal intensive care unit during the perinatal period, or preterm delivery. Abnormal neurological examination, abnormal neuroimaging and accompanying comorbidities, and global growth retardation at the time of diagnosis are important factors affecting seizure recurrence in pediatric patients with epilepsy.

Background/Aim: Piriform aperture, an anatomical structure usually in the form of a pear, is created by the maxilla and nasal bone. The shape and width of PA have significant effects on nasal breathing and are also aesthetically important. In the present study, it was aimed to reveal normal morphometric values by evaluating the craniofacial parameters of young Turkish male cases at the piriform aperture with the help of computerized tomography. Methods: A total of six craniofacial parameters were examined from the 3-dimensional computerized tomography reconstruction images of 103 young adult male cases with golden ratios between the ages of 21 and 30 years. Three indices were calculated from these craniofacial parameters and nine parameters were evaluated. The cases were divided into four groups according to the ratio of the piriform aperture. The descriptive values for the data obtained from craniofacial parameters and indices were calculated as mean and standard deviation. In terms of measurements, the differences between the groups were examined with ANOVA analysis. Results: In our study, there were five cases in the 1st group, 39 cases in the 2nd group, 38 cases in the 3rd group, and 19 cases in the 4th group. Two cases were not included in any of the groups. Significant differences were detected between the groups in terms of maximum cranial width, bizygomatic width, nasal width and upper face index parameters (P

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Family Nutrition and PhysicalActivity (FNPA-TR) screening tool. This study was conducted as a methodological research. The data were collected between Mayand June 2018. The population of the study consisted of 1126 first and fourth grade students and their families in three primary publicschools that represent three socioeconomic statuses (high, medium, low) in Istanbul, Turkey.Materials and Methods: Data were collected from 727 students and their families with an introductory information form and theFNPA-TR screening tool. The validity of content scale was evaluated by comparing the relationship between FNPA-TR scores andanswers given to non-scale questions measuring the eating behaviour. In this study, Cronbach’s alpha, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin, Varimaxrotation and ICC coefficients statistical tests were used to measure validity and reliability.Results: The Cronbach alpha coefficient for the internal consistency of the scale was 0.724. The test-retest reliability coefficient of thescale had a medium to very high level that ranged from 0.422 to 0.925. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test result was found to be appropriateas 0.771.Conclusion: The study shows that the FNPA-TR scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool for the Turkish population.

Objective It was aimed to be obtained descriptive values with respect to the outbreak time course, demographic structure, and symptom distribution by the help of case-based data, and to be compared countries by being grouped according to their similarities of outbreak indicators. Methods The data were obtained from open-access database. Univariate tests and cluster analysis were used to analyze the data. Results After the symptoms onset, the prolonged admission to the hospital significantly increases the risk of death. The average age and percentage of the male gender of the deceased cases were found to be significantly higher. In addition, the symptoms including fever, throat complaints, and dyspnea were determined in 70%. Countries were divided into four clusters according to their similarities in terms of three outbreak indicators. The differences among the clusters with regard to mean age, urban rate, and average of the outbreak indicators were found significant. Conclusion Delaying treatment from the moment the symptoms appear will increase the risk of death and the average time to recovery or death was 2.5 weeks. It can be stated that the most important measure is to focus on methods that can detect the cases before symptoms. The indicators that have a very important role in defining the pandemic are also related to each other. Therefore, multivariate methods, which take these relationships into account, are able to produce more accurate information in determining the similarities of countries.

Objective We aimed to explore anxiety status across a broad range of HCWs supporting patients with COVID-19 in different global regions. Method This was an international online survey in which participation was on voluntary basis and data were submitted via Google Drive, across a two-week period starting from March 18, 2020. The Beck Anxiety Inventory was used to quantify the level of anxiety. Results 1416 HCWs (70.8% medical doctors, 26.2% nurses) responded to the survey from 75 countries. The distribution of anxiety levels was: normal/minimal (n = 503, 35.5%), low (n = 390, 27.5%); moderate (n = 287, 20.3%), and severe (n = 236, 16.7%). According to multiple generalized linear model, female gender (p = 0.001), occupation (ie, being a nurse dealing directly with patients with COVID-19 [p = 0.017]), being younger (p = 0.001), reporting inadequate knowledge on COVID-19 (p = 0.005), having insufficient personal protective equipment (p = 0.001) and poor access to hand sanitizers or liquid soaps (p = 0.008), coexisting chronic disorders (p = 0.001) and existing mental health problems (p = 0.001), and higher income of countries where HCWs lived (p = 0.048) were significantly associated with increased anxiety. Conclusions Front-line HCWs, regardless of the levels of COVID-19 transmission in their country, are anxious when they do not feel protected. Our findings suggest that anxiety could be mitigated ensuring sufficient levels of protective personal equipment alongside greater education and information.

Bartonella henselae is the causative agent of cat scratch disease (CSD). In this study, we aimed to investigate the clinical data of patients with suspicion of CSD and delineate current epidemiological features.A total of 785 patients with suspected CSD were included in the study. B. henselae IgM antibody was determined by indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test using a commercial kit (Euroimmun, Germany). Sex, age, clinical pre-diagnosis and animal contact information of the patients were obtained from hospital electronic database records.Seventy-eight (9.9%) of 785 samples were seropositive. Out of 78 patients, 46 with animal contact data were further analyzed. Of these patients, 56% were male, and 41% were under 18 years of age. Seropositivity was more commonly observed in fall and winter. The most common finding was lymphadenitis (63%). Thirty-five patients (76%) had a previous history of animal contact (cat/dog). Of the 46 seropositive patients, 78.3, 15.2, 4.4, and 2.1% had titers of 1:80, 1:160, 1:320, and 1:640, respectively.Our study confirms that CSD is not rare in Turkey. Thus, it should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with lymphadenopathy in all age groups, particularly children. Questioning of cat exposure should never be neglected, especially in areas with intense population of stray cats, such as Istanbul.

Mortality due to K. pneumoniae bacteremia is on rise, particularly in regions with high rates of carbapenem and colistin resistance. We aimed to define risk factors for colistin resistance and its impact on mortality. Patients diagnosed with "carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CRKp)" bacteremia between 2014 and 2018 were divided into two groups as "colistin susceptible (ColS)" and "colistin resistant (ColR)" based on broth microdilution method. Retrospective case-control study was conducted to compare characteristics and outcomes. Multiple logistic regression model was used to define independent risk factors for acquired colistin resistance and Cox proportional hazard model for 28-day mortality. A total of 82 patients (39 ColS and 43 ColR) were included. Mean age was 61.5 years, and 50 (61%) were male. Colistin resistance was significantly increased with duration of hospital stay (p = 0.007) and prior colistin use (p = 0.007). Overall, the 28-day mortality rate was 66%. Age (p = 0.014) and colistin resistance significantly increased 28-day (p = 0.009) mortality. Microbiological response to treatment within 7 days favors survival. PFGE analysis revealed an outbreak with K. pneumoniae ST78 and ST45 clones. Patients treated with combined antimicrobials had significantly lower 28-day mortality (p = 0.045) in comparison to monotherapy. However, types of combinations did not show significant superiority on each other. Colistin resistance increases 28-day mortality in CRKp bacteremia. Although combined regimens are more effective than monotherapy, existing antibacterial combinations have no apparent superiority to each other. New treatment options are pivotal.

WOS:000585282300007 PubMed ID: 32373916 Objectives: To investigate the effects of risk factors on recurrence and death in breast cancer patients, taking into account the dependence between recurrence and death as well as the heterogeneity among individuals. The other aim of this study was to make predictions of death risks with a dynamic model that includes patient's history and different horizons. Methods: The data of 465 patients who had undergone surgery at the Istanbul University Oncology Institute, Istanbul, Turkey, between 2009 and 2016 were used. For data analysis in this retrospective study, the authors applied the joint frailty model, and the predictions were obtained using dynamic prediction methods that consider the patient's history. The Brier score was used to evaluate the accuracy of the estimations. Results: A positive relationship was found between recurrence and death, and heterogeneity was found among patients (p

Background: The aim of this study is to determine the global average size of normal hearing and congenital severe hearing loss human cochlea and evaluate the effect of common variables on heterogeneity. Methods: Cochrane, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were systematically searched using the terms ‘cochlear length’, ‘cochlear measurement’, ‘cochlear A value’, and ‘cochlear dimensions’ to retrieve studies published from 1938 to the end of 2019. Studies containing the mean and standard deviation measurements of the cochlear lateral wall length (LW), length of the organ of Corti (OC), and the cochlear basal diameter (A value) were included in the meta-analysis. Study-level characteristics, such as gender, age, hearing status, country, continent, material, method, and subtype of method were determined as predictor covariates. The quality assessment of the studies was carried out individually by two researchers using the form provided by the Joanna Briggs Institute. The data were pooled with the random-effects model. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were conducted. This meta-analysis was organized using the PRISMA statement. Estimation of the overall effect for the length of OC, LW, and the A value. Findings: The meta-analysis consisted of 53 studies with a total of 4,580 materials. The first model based on age and gender were found to have no effect on the outcomes. In the second model, hearing status and method were predictors of outcomes. The ratio of residual variance due to heterogeneity was I2 = 0%. These results were not significant. The coefficient of determination of the second model was R2 = 100% (p = 0.038). The overall effect value for OC was 33.088 (95% CI: 32.636 – 33.539) mm. For the third model, in which studies conducted with patients having congenital sensorineural hearing loss were excluded, the OC length was 33.291 (95% CI: 32.824 – 33.758) mm. Interpretation: The length of OC shows a wide global variation in humankind. This meta-analysis suggests that the cochlea of ​​patients with congenital sensorineural hearing loss is significantly shorter. Funding Statement: None. Declaration of Interests: We declare no competing interests. Ethics Approval Statement: The study protocol was approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Istanbul Medeniyet University Goztepe Training and Research Hospital (April, 020/0195).

Background Acute left colonic diverticulitis (ALCD) ranges from localized diverticulitis to perforation and fecal peritonitis, and treatment varies from conservative management to emergency surgery. The risk factors for recurrence following nonoperative management of ALCD is still controversial. We aimed to define the factors predicting severity level, progression and recurrence risk of ALCD to timely select patients requiring surgery. Methods This is a multicenter study where patients were included on accrual. Patients in our clinic between December 2017 and June 2019 with ALCD above 18 years of age were included (n=144) in this study, while 18 years and younger, pregnant or nursing mothers, those with Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, colorectal and/or anal cancer were excluded from this study. Laboratory parameters, Modified Hinchey Scores, clinical features, demographics, diet, smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index, previous diverticulitis episodes, chronic diseases of patients with ALCD, as well as recurrences within 18 months after discharge were evaluated. Results The findings showed that smoking was more common in patients with previous episodes (p=0.04) and patients who underwent emergency surgery (p=0.04). Recurrence was higher in Modified Hinchey 1b and 2 (p=0.03) than 0 and 1a. Patients who were older than 50y had a higher propensity to undergo emergency surgery than the patients younger than 50y (p=0.049). Nausea, fever, respiratory rate, procalcitonin, total bilirubin and direct bilirubin levels were higher in patients with Modified Hinchey 4 (p=0.03, 0.049, 0.02, 0.001, 0.002, 0.001, respectively). Recurrence was higher in patients with a smoking history, previous ALCD episodes, lower body mass index and pandiverticulitis. Conclusion Laboratory parameters, body mass index, age, clinical features, previous episodes of diverticulitis and smoking may predict the severity and progression of ALCD. Smoking and having low BMI seem to be precursors of ALCD recurrence, especially when the patient with MHS 1b or 2 had at least one previous episode of ALCD. Control colonoscopy results are predictive of recurrence.

Objective: Rose oil (from Rosa damascene) has several effects which are analgesic, antispasmodic, antioxidant and neuroprotective role. Its antiepileptic effect has not been yet studied enough. In the present study, it was aimed to investigate acute effects of rose oil on the epileptiform activity in penicillin-induced epilepsy model in rats. Methods: Forty-two male Wistar rats weighing 230 to 260 g were divided into six groups with seven rats in each group. Control (+Penicillin), RO alone, Diazepam, and different doses of Rose oil including 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg. Rats were pretreated with different doses of RO 30 min prior to penicillin treatment. Electrocorticogram recordings were taken from each animal for 2 hours after penicillin treatment. Results: Only the dose of 100 mg/kg of rose oil reduced significantly epileptic spikewave frequency of epileptiform activity. However, comparing in terms of latency and spike-wave amplitude of epileptiform activity, there were no significant difference between the groups. Conclusions: In conclusion, acute administration of rose oil reduces spike-wave frequency of penicillin-induced epileptiform activity in rats. Therefore, these findings indicate that rose oil has antiepileptic effects. Amaç: Gül yağı analjezik, antispazmodik, antioksidan ve nöroprotektif etkilere sahiptir. Anti-epileptik etki üzerine yapılan çalışmalar ise yetersizdir. Sunulan çalışmada, gül yağının sıçanlarda penisilin ile tetiklenen epilepsi modelinde epileptiform aktivite üzerine akut etkilerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: 230-260 gr ağırlığında kırk iki erkek wistar sıçan her grupta yedi olmak üzere altı gruba ayrıldı. Gruplar kontrol (penisilin), yalnız gül yağı, diazepam ve gül yağının 100, 500 ve 1000 mg/kg olmak üzere farklı dozlarından oluşmaktadır. Sıçanlara penisilin uygulamasından 30 dakika önce gül yağının farklı dozları uygulandı. Penisilin uygulamasından sonra 2 saat boyunca her bir hayvandan elektrokortikogram kayıtları alındı. Bulgular: Gül yağının sadece 100 mg/kg dozu epileptiform aktivitenin epileptik diken-dalga frekansını önemli derecede azalttı. Bununla birlikte epileptiform aktivite latens ve diken-dalga amplitüdü açısından karşılaştırıldığında gruplar arasında anlamlı bir fark yoktu. Sonuç: Gül yağının akut olarak uygulanması sıçanlarda, penisilin ile tetiklenen epileptiform aktivitenin diken-dalga frekansını azaltmaktadır. Böylece bulgularımız gül yağının anti-epileptik etkilere sahip olduğunu göstermektedir.

Purpose: To compare the results obtained from three non-cycloplegic handheld photorefractometers with cycloplegic autorefractometry (Topcon KR-8100; Topcon Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) measurement in children. Methods: The refractive status of 238 eyes in 119 healthy children was assessed. The values acquired using photorefraction with the non-cycloplegic PlusoptiX A12 (Plusoptix GmbH, Nuremberg, Germany), Retinomax K-plus 3 (Righton, Tokyo, Japan), and Spot Vision Screener (Welch Allyn, Skaneateles Falls, NY) devices were compared with those obtained from the cycloplegic Topcon KR-8100. The agreement between the measurements was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient. Results: The mean age was 10.1 ± 3.2 years (range: 6 to 17 years). The mean spherical value for the right eyes was 0.38 diopters (D) (range: −4.50 to 6.25 D) for the Plusoptix A12; 0.45 D (range: −4.50 to 6.25 D) for the Spot Vision Screener; −1.15 D (range: −8.75 to 6.50 D) for the Retinomax K-plus 3; and 0.62 (range: −4.50 to 6.00) for the Topcon KR-8100. The mean spherical equivalent value for the right eyes was 0.41 D (range: −4.50 to 7.90 D) for the Plusoptix A12; 0.18 D (range: −4.75 to 6.13 D) for the Spot Vision Screener; −1.30 D (range: −10.50 to 6.38 D) for the Retinomax K-plus 3; and 0.67 D (range: −4.00 to 6.00 D) for the Topcon KR-8100 (for the right eyes). Conclusions: The photorefractometer method was beneficial in the measurement of refractive errors of school-aged children. The PlusoptiX A12 photorefractometer method may eliminate the need for cycloplegia in the detection of refractive errors in children. [ J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus . 2018;55(5):306-311.]

Amac: Parametrik kovaryans analizi (ANCOVA) varsayimlarinin saglanamamasi ve/veya bagimli degiskenin iki degerli/siralayici olcekli olmasi durumunda, parametrik olmayan ANCOVA yaklasimlarindan yararlanilmaktadir. Parametrik olmayan ANCOVA metodolojisinde Quade, Puri & Sen ve McSweeney & Porter metotlari, Rankli ANCOVA yontemleri olarak bilinmektedir. Ancak yaygin kullanilan programlarda, bu metotlarin uygulanmasina yonelik modul(ler) bulunmamaktadir. Bu calismanin amaci Rankli ANCOVA yaklasimlarini tanitmak, yazarlar tarafindan gelistirilen web tabanli bir programda uygulamasini yapmak ve bu yaklasimlarin avantajlarindan bahsetmektedir. Gerec ve Yontemler: Rankli ANCOVA yaklasimlarinin teorik ozellikleri ve uygulama adimlari tanimlanmis ve her bir yaklasimin uygulanmasina yonelik web tabanli bir program olusturulmustur. Sigara kullanma durumunun biyokimyasal tetkik sonuclari uzerindeki etkisinin incelendigi saglik alanindaki bir calismadan simule edilen veriler yardimiyla web tabanli bir program uzerinde her bir yaklasimin uygulamasina da yer verilmistir. Bulgular: Her ne kadar, bu calismada aciklanan yaklasimlar icin yaygin kullanilan istatistik programlarinda ozel bir modul olmasa da, bu yaklasimlarin kolaylikla uygulanabilecegi simule verilerle olusturulmus klinik bir calisma uzerinde gosterilmis, yaklasimlarin sonuclari verilmistir. Sonuc: Bircok arastirmada orneklem genisliginin kisitli olmasi ve/veya bagimli degiskenin normal dagilim gostermemesi durumunda, faktoriyel modeller icin parametrik yontemlerin kullanilmasi, Tip I hata oraninin artmasina ve testin gucunun azalmasina neden olmaktadir. Bu hatayi azaltmak icin calismada onerilen yaklasimlarin kullanilmasi tavsiye edilmektedir. Bu yaklasimlarin, web tabanli program sayesinde de yaygin kullanima ulasacagi dusunulmektedir.

Ankarali, Handan Camdeviren/0000-0002-3613-0523; ankarali, seyit/0000-0003-3752-0846 WOS: 000438869800011 Aim of the work: To compare fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS), osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients in terms of their measured quality of life (QoL). Patients and methods: Fifty-nine FMS patients, 165 OA and 57 with RA were assessed. QoL Short Form (SF) scales, World Health Organization QoL (WHOQoL) Brief and Quick-Dash scales were measured. Covariance analysis was used for group comparisons. Results: The mean age of FMS patients was 40.4 +/- 10.9 years; OA was 54.5 +/- 15.7 years and RA 46.9 +/- 15 years (p < 0.001) mostly were females. The disease duration in FMS was 4 +/- 3.6 years; in OA was 6 +/- 4.8 years and 5.1 +/- 4.3 years in RA. After effects of age, gender and educational level on scores were eliminated, at least one SF scale was found to be significantly higher in FMS and OA in terms of Physical and Role function, General health, Vitality, Social function, Emotional role, mean of Mental health subscale in addition to the physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) summary scales. The Quick-Dash score was higher in the RA group. Physical sub-dimension scores of WHOQoL Brief scale were significantly lower in RA group. In addition, social relations sub-dimension score was found to be higher in OA than RA group. MCS scores of SF-36, SF-12 and SF-6D were found higher than PCS scores in the three diseases. PCS score was found significantly higher only in FMS group. Conclusions: RA patients had worse QoL than FMS and OA according to PCS and MCS. SF-12 and SF-6D can be used instead of SF-36 or WHOQoL Brief scales for faster results. (C) 2017 Egyptian Society of Rheumatic Diseases. Publishing services provided by Elsevier B.V.

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, osteoartrit tanısı almış hastaların, ağrı eşiği, ağrı şiddeti ve ağrının bıraktığı etkileri değerlendirmek için görselliğe ve kolay anlaşılabilirliğe önem veren, şiddeti daha ayrıntılı tanımlayan yeni bir ölçek geliştirilmesi planlandı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma, kesitsel tipte planlanan bir anket ve ölçek araştırmasıdır. Gönüllü olup araştırmaya alınma kriterlerine uyan, osteoartrit tanısı almış 76 hastaya anket uygulandı. Geliştirilen ölçekte, 3’ ü çok şiddetli, 3’ ü az şiddetli ağrı deneyimini ve 2’ si oteoartrit kaynaklı ağrı etkisini sorgulamaktaydı. Ölçekte, görsellik ve kolay anlaşılma ön plana çıkartıldı, ağrıyı daha ayrıntılı değerlendirme fırsatı sunuldu ve ağrı eşiğini belirlemede alternatif bir yaklaşım sunuldu. Bulgular: Ölçeğe uygulanan faktör analizi ile yapı geçerliliğinin olduğu ve 3 faktör içerdiği belirlendi. Ölçek maddelerinin iç tutarlılıkları iyi düzeyde ve istatistik olarak anlamlı bulundu. Sorulara verilen cevaplardan elde edilen puanlar arası uyum yüksek düzeyde çıktı. Çok ve az şiddetli ağrıları sorgulamaya yönelik hazırlanan sorulara verilen cevaplar birlikte dikkate alınarak hastalar ağrı eşiği düşük ve yüksek olarak iki gruba ayrıldı. Ayrıca osteoartrit ağrı şiddetinin, deneyimlenmiş en kötü karın ağrısından anlamlı farklılık göstermediği, ancak en kötü diş ve baş ağrısına göre daha hafif olduğu belirlendi. Sonuç:. SH-ağrı şiddeti ve ağrı eşiği ölçeğinin, yapı geçerliliğinin olması, iç tutarlılığa sahip olması, ölçekte yer alan sorulara verilen cevaplar arası uyumun yüksek olması ve ağrı şiddeti ile ağrı etkileri arasında anlamlı korelasyonun bulunması nedenleriyle geçerliliği ve güvenilir sonuçlar ürettiği söylenebilir., Purpose: In this study, it was planned to develop a new scale that fore grounder visibility and ease of understanding to assess the effects of severity of pain, the pain threshold, and pain severity in osteoarthritis arthritis patients.Materials and Methods: It is a scale survey planned in cross-sectional type. A questionnaire was administered to 76 patients who were diagnosed with osteoarthritis who were voluntary and matched to the criteria for inclusion in the study. In the scale, three questions are related with very severe pain, three questions with less severe pain and 2 questions with questioning the pain severity and sensory effect of osteoarthritis. Results: According to factor analysis, there is construct validity of scale, and detected 3 factors. The internal consistency of the items of the scale was good and statistically significant. The agreement between the scores obtained from the answers to the questions was good. Taking into consideration the answers to the questions prepared to question the very severe pain and less severe pain, the patients were divided into two groups as low and high pain thresholds. In addition, the severity of pain in osteoarthritis patients was found to be lower than headache and toothache but at the level of abdomen. Conclusion: It can be said that the SH- pain severity and pain threshold scale validity and reliability because of structural validity, internal consistency, high agreement between responses to the questions in the scale, and significant correlation between pain severity and pain effects.

Amaç: Masthücrelerinin (MCs) rolleri birçok tümörde çeşitli biyolojik süreçlerdegösterilmiştir. MCs, artan anjiyogenez yoluyla tümör progresyonunda rol oynar.Triptaz ve kimaz, mast hücre granüllerinde depolanır. Bu çalışmanın amacı,prostat adenokarsinomalarında (PA) triptaz ve kimaz arasındaki ilişkiyiaraştırmaktır. Gereçve Yöntem: Bu çalışma, 2012-2014 yılları arasında TıpFakültesi Hastanesi Patoloji Bölümü'nde histopatolojik olarak PA tanısı alan134 hastanın parafine gömülü numunesinde yürütülmüştür. Parafine gömülü PAnumuneleri 3 μm kalınlığında kesilmiştir. Kesitler triptaz ve kimaz ile boyanmıştır.Bulgular:MastHücre Kimazının (MCC), intratümöral bölgelerde peritümöral bölgelere göre daha çokbiriktiği gözlenmiştir (sırasıyla ortalama: 14,28 ± 14,06, ortalama: 12,12 ±12,56). Mast Hücre Triptazı (MCT), intratümöral ve peritümöral bölgelerde MCC'dendaha fazla birikmiştir (P, Objective: Theroles of mast cells (MCs) have beendemonstrated in various biologic processes in the many tumors. MCs play someroles in tumor progression via increasing angiogenesis. Tryptase and chymaseare stored in the mast cell granules. The aim of this study was to investigate therelationship of tryptase and chymase inprostatic adenocarcinomas (PA).Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on atotal of 134 paraffin-embedded PAsamples, which were histopathologically diagnosed at the Department ofPathology of medicine Hospital between 2012 and 2014. Paraffin-embedded PA samples 3 μmin thickness, were then cut. The slides were stained with tryptase and chymase.Result: MastCell Chymase (MCC) was observed that intratumoral areas more acumulate thanperitumoral areas (respectively; mean: 14,28 ± 14,06, mean: 12,12 ± 12,56).Mast Cell Tryptase (MCT) was more acumulated than MCC in intratumoral andperitumoral areas (P

Ankarali, Handan Camdeviren/0000-0002-3613-0523; ankarali, seyit/0000-0003-3752-0846 WOS: 000437476300004 Objectives: The aim of this study to develop a new scale to evaluate pain threshold, sensory effects of pain and pain severity in patients with Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS). Material and Methods: This is a cross-sectional survey study and a questionnaire was administered to 52 voluntary patients diagnosed with FMS. In the proposed scale, thereare six questions about severe and less severe pain experience,two questions about the pain severity and sensory effect of FMS. In statistical analysis we used reliability analysis, factor analysis for construct validity, and other statistical tests to compare differences. Results: Exploratory factor analysis showed construct validity of the scale, and detected three factors. The internal consistency of the items of the scale was statistically significant. The agreement between the scores was good. Based on the answers, the patients were divided into two groups as low and high pain thresholds. There was no significant difference between these two groups in terms of severity of pain and sensory change due to fibromyalgia. In addition, the severity of pain in patients is lower than headache and at the level of stomachache and toothache. Discussion and Conclusion: The proposed scale allows the assessment of pain severity to be more detailed and paying attention to visually, it allows determining the pain threshold. It is suggested to compare the pain threshold determined by this scale with the pain threshold determined by different methods.