1. The Effect of Developmentally-at-Risk Status on the Reliability of the iScreen® Photorefractive Device in Young Children
- Author
-
Robert W. Enzenauer, Grant Somes, and Natalie C. Kerr
- Subjects
Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Referral ,Developmental Disabilities ,Amblyopia ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,01 natural sciences ,Anisometropia ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,Vision Screening ,0302 clinical medicine ,Double-Blind Method ,Randomized controlled trial ,Predictive Value of Tests ,Risk Factors ,law ,Myopia ,Humans ,Medicine ,False Positive Reactions ,Prospective Studies ,0101 mathematics ,Prospective cohort study ,Reliability (statistics) ,business.industry ,010102 general mathematics ,Astigmatism ,Reproducibility of Results ,General Medicine ,Predictive value ,Strabismus ,Ophthalmology ,Hyperopia ,Child, Preschool ,Predictive value of tests ,Normal children ,Retinoscopes ,030221 ophthalmology & optometry ,business - Abstract
Introduction and purpose We evaluated the impact of developmentally-at-risk status on the results of photorefractive screening with iScreen®. Patients and methods We sequentially recruited 169 children (aged 2-5 years) to participate in a blinded, prospective study of a photoscreening device. The principle investigator examined the children after photoscreening. Using established standards for amblyogenic factors, the principle investigator and photoscreen interpreters separately made a determination of "normal" or "needs referral" for each child. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for the photoscreening device were determined. Results Overall, sensitivity was 85% with a positive predictive value of 98%, and specificity was 87% with a negative predictive value of 47%. Developmentally-at-risk status in 34 children (three refused imaging) did not reduce sensitivity (89%) or specificity (100%) when compared with 130 children (two refused imaging) who did not have developmentally-at-risk factors (sensitivity = 84% and specificity = 80%). Conclusion The efficacy of photorefractive screening in young children with developmentally-at-risk status is comparable to results found in normal children.
- Published
- 2011