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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systematic autoimmune disorder with chronic inflammation changes of unknown etiology. Various synovial inflammatory and proliferative alterations may contribute to the cartilaginous tissues and invasive bony tissues, leading to destructive joints and malformed bones. This disease is mostly due to infective microorganisms or genetic susceptibility causing immune system disturbances through triggering both T-cells and B-cells. Furthermore, different immune cells may secret cytokines, which are responsible for some RA pathogenesis activity. From ninety individuals, serum sample was collected; thirty of them were normal and sixty cases were patients with RA attended a privet medical clinic at Tikrit city from May 2019 to November 2019. Age, in both patients and control groups, ranged between (18-50) years, they had assay of Interleukin-1 (IL-1), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, Leptin, Adiponectin, and C-reactive protein. The present study shows that (IL-1, Leptin, and CRP) levels were higher in Rheumatoid Arthritis patients than control, while (IL-6, IL-10, TNFα, and ADP) levels were lower; therefore, cytokines can play an essential role in RA pathogenesis. The current study may bring attention to adiponectin and leptin for their roles in the pathogenesis of RA. Special consideration was devoted to those proteins, which act on cells associated with RA, also for possible usage of these protein levels as potential biomarkers for the disease activity and therapeutic response.

Metabolic bone disease (MBD) is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is a part of a broad spectrum of disorders of mineral metabolism that occur in this clinical setting and result in both skeletal and extraskletal consequences. This study was a cross sectional which conducted in Dialysis Unit in Tikrit Teaching Hospital in Tikrit city. The study started from January 2018 to August 2018 on study population age ranged from (18 – 68) years old The total of 60 subjects were separated to two groups as following: Control: This group consist of 30 healthy individuals (15 females and 15 males), and Hemodialysis (HD) (CKD) patients: This group consist of CKD 30 patients (15 females and 15 males). The results referred to the increased levels of Transforming growth factor- ? (TGF-?), Osteoprogestrin (OPG), Sclerostin (SOST), Osteocalcin (OC) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in CKD with HD with highly significant differences (P?0.01) when compared with control group. The bone metabolism biomarkers are increased in HD CKD patients who complicated to MBD.