18 results on '"EHSS"'
Search Results
2. Outlining the Phytoconstituents of Greek Clover Herb Extract and Assessment of Its Effect against Foodborne Infections Caused by Salmonella typhimurium
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Jawaher Alqahtani, Walaa A. Negm, Engy Elekhnawy, Moneerah J. Alqahtani, Ehssan Moglad, Sarah Ibrahim, and Suzy A. El-Sherbeni
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antibacterial ,chemical profile ,GIT infection ,inflammation ,oxidative stress ,Medicine ,Pharmacy and materia medica ,RS1-441 - Abstract
Owing to the spread of resistance between pathogenic bacteria, searching for novel compounds with antibacterial activity is essential. Here, we investigated the potential antibacterial activity of Greek clover or Trigonella foenum-graecum herb extract on Salmonella typhimurium clinical isolates. The chemical profile of the herb was initially determined using LC-ESI-MS/MS, which explored 36 different compounds. Interestingly, the fenugreek extract possessed antibacterial action in vitro with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 64 to 512 µg/mL. The potential mechanism of action was studied by elucidating the effect of the fenugreek extract on the membrane properties of S. typhimurium bacteria, including the inner and outer membrane permeability and membrane integrity. Remarkably, the fenugreek extract had detrimental effects on the membrane properties in 40–60% of the isolates. Moreover, the in vivo antibacterial action was studied using a gastrointestinal infection model with S. typhimurium bacteria. Interestingly, the fenugreek extract (200 mg/kg) improved the infection outcomes in the tested mice. This was represented by the noteworthy decrease (p < 0.05) in the bacterial count in the small intestine and caecum tissues. The survival rate of the fenugreek-extract-treated mice significantly increased compared to the S. typhimurium-infected group. Additionally, there was an improvement in the histological and immunohistochemical features of tumor necrosis factor-alpha. In addition, using an ELISA and qRT-PCR, there was an improvement in the proinflammatory and oxidative stress markers in the fenugreek-extract-treated group. Consequently, fenugreek extract should be investigated further on other food pathogens.
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- 2024
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3. Assessment of Variation in Clinical Presentation of Visceral Leishmaniasis Among Patients Attending the Tropical Diseases Teaching Hospital in Sudan
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Hammam Abdalrhman Altom Mohammed Ahmed, Ahmed Ali Ahmed Musa, Ahmed Mahmoud, Sayed Sayedahmed, Shiraz Bashir Jabralseed Mohammed, Ehssan Farouk Mohamed Ahmed, Anas Badreldeen Elageb Mohamed, and Abdelsalam Mohamed Ahmed Nail
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visceral leishmaniasis, sudan, clinical presentations ,Medicine - Abstract
Abstract Background: Visceral leishmaniasis (also known as Kala-azar) is a systemic parasitic infection with many clinical presentations. The present study assesses the variation in presentations among patients who attended the Tropical Diseases Teaching Hospital (TDTH) in Khartoum, Sudan. Methods: This analytical cross-sectional, hospital-based study was conducted at the TDTH between November 2019 and September 2020. Medical records of patients who presented at the TDTH were reviewed using a structured data extraction checklist. The Chi-square test was used to determine the associations between sociodemographic and clinical presentations of patients. P-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Out of 195 patients,79.5% were male and 48.2% were < 31 years old. Fever was the main clinical presentation (90.2%) while 53.3% presented with weight loss and 72.3% and 39% presented, respectively, with splenomegaly and hepatomegaly. HIV was detected in 4.6% of the patients. RK39 was the main diagnostic test. We found a significant association between the abdominal distention and the age of the patients (P < 0.05) – age groups 11–20 and 41–50 years were more likely to present with abdominal distention than other age groups. Conclusion: There is no exact clinical presentation or routine laboratory findings that are pathognomonic for visceral leishmaniasis; therefore, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any patient with fever, weight loss, and abdominal distention, and among patients with HIV.
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- 2022
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4. Morphological, Optical, ElectricalCharacterizations and Anti-Escherichia coli Bacterial Efficiency (AECBE) of PVA/PAAm/PEO Polymer Blend Doped with Silver NPs
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Karar Abdali, Khalid Haneen Abass, Ehssan Al-Bermany, Enas M. Al-robayi, and Ashraq M. Kadim
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peo ,silver nps ,ac conductivity ,antibacterial ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Medicine - Abstract
In the current research, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were mixed with a polymer blend to enhance their optical and electrical properties and antibacterial efficiency. A novel approach via introducing AgNPs into the polymer blend could improve the physical and antibacterial characteristics of the nanocomposites (NCs). In the loading process, two different amounts of AgNPs were respectively encapsulated with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyacrylamide (PAAm) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) polymeric blend via casting method. The prepared films were characterized by X-ray, optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR) and UV/Visible. The OM and SEM images showed that the AgNPs were well diffused inside the polymer blend with some weak aggregations. The optical properties were enhanced after doping. The NCs films absorbed UV-ray at (λ=220 nm). The indirect energy gap decreased after loading from 3.80 to 3.10 eV but the direct energy gap decreased from 4.25 to 3.75 eV. The AC electrical properties were studied in the frequency range between 100 Hz to 5 MHz. The dielectric constant and loss of NC films were decreased with the increase of AgNPs, while the electrical conductivity increased. The inhibition zone diameters of Escherichia coli bacteria increased with the increasing of AgNPs contents.
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- 2022
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5. Influence of Co Transplantation SnO2 Nano Film on the Structural and Optical Properties Using Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering
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Ehssan Hassan, Mohamed Odda Dawod, Zainab Kadhom Hamzh, and Marwa Abdul Muhsien Hassan
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rf sputters ,co doped sno2 ,radio frequency of 13.56 mhz ,edxs measurement ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Medicine - Abstract
In this research, investigated characterization of pure and Cobalt doped Tin dioxide SnO2: Co with 3, 5 and 7wt% fabricated using radio frequency magnetron sputtering method deposited on glass surfaces. The results showed that prepared SnO2: Co were nano films and poly crystalline in form with favored reflection permanently (110) plan, and the crystallite size decreases as the Co concentration increased 9-14 nm. The optical properties represented by the transmittance of perspicuous and cobalt transplantation SnO2 layers were studied and results showed that highest transmittance obtained was 91% in the pure films and decreased to 78% as the Co concentration increased; the wavelength range was 300-900 nm due to be the increasing of the Co amount during the deposition, leading to a linear increase in mobility and carrier concentration, until a threshold of Co content was overcome and from that point onward the mobility began to decrease. Optical energy gaps of perspicuous and Co transplantation SnO2 nano layers were determined and the energy gap was reduced from 3.50 eV of perspicuous nano layers to 3.29 eV for the highest transplantation concentration.
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- 2022
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6. Sensitivity of Cadmium Sulfide under the Influence of Both Substrate Temperature and Gas Operation
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Ehssan Salah Hassan, Zaid Saud Razzaq, Huda Ashur Shati Qutbi, Sami Salman Chiad, Nadir Fadhil Habubi, and Khalid Haneen Abass
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spm ,substrate temperature ,hexagonal phase ,cubic phase ,sensitivity ,recovery and response time ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Medicine - Abstract
The importance of this research is to study the effect of changing the temperature at the same time on each of the prepared samples and during the gas sensing processes, the effects of substrate temperature Ts were investigated after precipitation by the microstructural and optical characteristics of cadmium sulfide using thermal spraying method with different temperatures of (300, 400, and 500) ℃. The structural investigations of these films were studied, showing that the increases in substrate temperature were shown cubic and hexagonal phases according to ICDD card no. (21-0929) and (43-0989). The dramatic change occurred at 500 ℃ in changing the phase from hexagonal to a cubic structure. XRD exhibits a dominant plane at (200) for different substrate temperatures. Optical transmittance, absorption coefficient, and energy gap values were calculated by UV/VIS spectrophotometer. These results showed that the band gap values decreased with increasing substrate temperature. The gas sensitivity was tested for NO2 gas at several working temperatures from 175 ℃ to 250 ℃, and various gas concentrations from 150 ppm to 200 ppm and found that the sensitivity increase with increasing both the operating temperature and gas concentration for a Ts at 500 ℃ which offer also the best crystallization the best sensitivity at an operating temperature of 175 ℃ is 75% at a gas concentration of 150 ppm.
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- 2021
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7. Ocular Delivery of Bimatoprost-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Effective Management of Glaucoma
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Sandeep Divate Satyanarayana, Amr Selim Abu Lila, Afrasim Moin, Ehssan H. Moglad, El-Sayed Khafagy, Hadil Faris Alotaibi, Ahmad J. Obaidullah, and Rompicherla Narayana Charyulu
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bimatoprost ,central composite design ,glaucoma ,HET-CAM test ,solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) ,Medicine ,Pharmacy and materia medica ,RS1-441 - Abstract
Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy characterized by a rise in the intraocular pressure (IOP) leading to optic nerve damage. Bimatoprost is a prostaglandin analogue used to reduce the elevated IOP in patients with glaucoma. The currently available dosage forms for Bimatoprost suffer from relatively low ocular bioavailability. The objective of this study was to fabricate and optimize solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) containing Bimatoprost for ocular administration for the management of glaucoma. Bimatoprost-loaded SLNs were fabricated by solvent evaporation/ultrasonication technique. Glyceryl Monostearate (GMS) was adopted as solid lipid and poloxamer 407 as surfactant. Optimization of SLNs was conducted by central composite design. The optimized formulation was assessed for average particle size, entrapment efficiency (%), zeta potential, surface morphology, drug release study, sterility test, isotonicity test, Hen’s egg test-chorioallantoic membrane (HET-CAM) test and histopathology studies. The optimized Bimatoprost-loaded SLNs formulation had an average size of 183.3 ± 13.3 nm, zeta potential of −9.96 ± 1.2 mV, and encapsulation efficiency percentage of 71.8 ± 1.1%. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study revealed the nearly smooth surface of formulated particles with a nano-scale size range. In addition, SLNs significantly sustained Bimatoprost release for up to 12 h, compared to free drug (p < 005). Most importantly, HET-CAM test nullified the irritancy of the formulation was verified its tolerability upon ocular use, as manifested by a significant reduction in mean irritation score, compared to positive control (1% sodium dodecyl sulfate; p < 0.001). Histopathology study inferred the absence of any signs of cornea tissue damage upon treatment with Bimatoprost optimized formulation. Collectively, it was concluded that SLNs might represent a viable vehicle for enhancing the corneal permeation and ocular bioavailability of Bimatoprost for the management of glaucoma.
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- 2023
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8. Comparison of invasive histological and molecular methods in the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori from gastric biopsies of Sudanese patients: a cross-sectional study [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]
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Wafa Elshareef, Yousif Hamedelnil, Esraa Osman, Aliaa Abugrain, Hisham Altayb, Maram Elnosh, Ahmed Ismail, Abdelhamid Abdelhamid, Aalaa Albasha, Ahmed AbdAlla, and Ehssan Moglad
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Helicobacter pylori ,Histopathology ,16S rRNA ,PCR ,ureA ,sensitivity ,eng ,Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Background: The continuous rise in the number of patients suffering from Helicobacter pylori is probably due to the changes in modern life. Nowadays, patients suffering from gastrointestinal problems are diagnosed through invasive and non-invasive techniques. The choice of a diagnostic test is influenced by factors such as the tests' sensitivity and specificity, the clinical conditions, and the cost-effectiveness of the testing strategy. This study aimed to compare molecular detection methods of H. pylori by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the 16S rRNA, ureA and glmM genes with an invasive histopathological technique. Methods: 290 gastric biopsies were collected using gastrointestinal endoscopy from patients with gastritis symptoms in different hospitals in Khartoum state. Two gastric biopsies were collected from each patient for PCR and histopathology. Results: A total of 103 (35.5%) samples were positive by histopathological examination, 88 (30.3%) by 16S rRNA, 39 (13.4%) by glmM gene, and 56 (19.3%) by ureA gene. The highest sensitivity was observed in 16S rRNA (46.6%), followed by glmM (24.3%) and ureA (23.3%). While the best specificity was observed in glmM gene (92.5%), followed by ureA (82.3%) and 16S rRNA (78.6%). Conclusion: PCR test targeting the 16S rRNA gene exhibited the best results for molecular detection of H. pylori compared to other genes.
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- 2022
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9. A Prospective Cohort Study of COVID-19: Evaluation of the Early Role of IL-1 and IL-6 Antagonists in Improving the Outcome of the Illness and Reduction in the Risk of Death
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Mardheya Al. Kharusi, Naffesa Al Sheikh, Maiya Alhajri, Seif Ali Al. Mandhri, El-Sayed Khafagy, Ehssan H. Moglad, Hadil Faris Alotaibi, and Wael A. H. Hegazy
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COVID-19 ,COVID-19 treatment ,Interleukins ,IL-1 antagonist ,IL-6 antagonist ,anakinra ,Medicine - Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic had a profound impact on global health, economies, and social systems. The crucial factor that determines the success of COVID-19 treatments is preventing the need for mechanical ventilation and intensive care admission. In the context of COVID-19, several treatments have been found to play a role in the disease’s progression and severity. Interleukins (ILs) have been identified as key mediators of the cytokine storm that can occur in severe cases of COVID-19, leading to respiratory failure and other complications. For instance, IL-1 antagonist (anakinra) and IL-6 antagonist (tocilizumab) are supposed to be promising treatments as well as cortisones for COVID-19. This prospective study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of anakinra or tocilizumab in addition to cortisone in preventing the progression of mild to moderate COVID-19 cases to severe intensive care admission. Biochemical and hematological parameters, such as D-dimer, ferritin, LDH, CRP, and white blood cells (WBCs), were measured after treatment with either anakinra or tocilizumab in addition to cortisone or cortisone alone. The study also recorded the number of deaths and patients admitted to intensive care. The results indicate that anakinra significantly improved outcomes and decreased the number of intensive care admissions compared to tocilizumab or cortisone alone. Therefore, anakinra may play a vital role in controlling the progression of COVID-19, and its use in mild to moderate cases may prevent the worsening of the disease to severe stages.
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- 2023
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10. In Vitro Antiviral Effect and Potential Neuroprotection of Salvadora persica L. Stem Bark Extract against Lipopolysaccharides-Induced Neuroinflammation in Mice: LC-ESI-MS/MS Analysis of the Methanol Extract
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Reem Binsuwaidan, Walaa A. Negm, Engy Elekhnawy, Nashwah G. M. Attallah, Eman Ahmed, Sameh Magdeldin, Ehssan Moglad, Sally Abdallah Mostafa, and Suzy A. El-Sherbeni
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brain ,HSV-2 ,metabolomics ,neuroinflammation ,oxidative stress ,phytoconstituents ,Medicine ,Pharmacy and materia medica ,RS1-441 - Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a serious immunomodulatory complex disorder that causes neurological and somatic ailments. The treatment of brain inflammation with new drugs derived from natural sources is a significant therapeutic goal. Utilizing LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis, the active constituents of Salvadora persica extract (SPE) were identified tentatively as exerting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in natural medicine. Herein, we determined the antiviral potential of SPE against herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) using the plaque assay. HSV-2 is a neurotropic virus that can cause neurological diseases. SPE exhibited promising antiviral potential with a half-maximal cytotoxic concentration (CC50) of 185.960 ± 0.1 µg/mL and a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 8.946 ± 0.02 µg/mL. The in vivo study of the SPE impact against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation was performed using 42 mice divided into seven groups. All groups were administered LPS (0.25 mg/kg) intraperitoneally, except for the normal and SPE groups 1 and 2. Groups 5, 6, and 7 received 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg SPE. It was revealed that SPE inhibited acetylcholinesterase in the brain. It increased superoxide dismutase and catalase while decreasing malondialdehyde, which explains its antioxidative stress activity. SPE downregulated the gene expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase, as well as the apoptotic markers (caspase-3 and c-Jun). In addition, it decreased the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha). Mice administered SPE (300 mg/kg) with LPS exhibited normal neurons in the cerebral cortices, hippocampus pyramidal layer, and cerebellum, as determined by the histopathological analysis. Therefore, using S. persica to prevent and treat neurodegeneration could be a promising new therapeutic strategy to be explored.
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- 2023
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11. Protective Potential of Saussurea costus (Falc.) Lipsch. Roots against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Pulmonary Injury in Rats and Its In Vitro Antiviral Effect
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Nashwah G. M. Attallah, Amal Kabbash, Walaa A. Negm, Engy Elekhnawy, Reem Binsuwaidan, Omnia Momtaz Al-Fakhrany, Moataz A. Shaldam, Ehssan Moglad, Marwa Tarek, Nehal Samir, and Heba M. Fawzy
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coronaviruses ,influenza virus ,oxidative stress ,histology ,microRNAs ,molecular docking ,Medicine ,Pharmacy and materia medica ,RS1-441 - Abstract
Diseases and infections of the respiratory tract are common global causes of morbidity and mortality. Our study attempts to elucidate a novel remedy for respiratory ailments, in addition to identifying and quantifying the metabolites of Saussurea costus root extract (SCRE) using HPLC. Then, in vitro antiviral and in vivo lung protective effects were elucidated. The in vitro antiviral potential of SCRE was analyzed via plaque assay against the low pathogenic human coronavirus (HCoV-229E) and human influenza virus (H1N1). The value of the half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of SCRE against HCoV-229E and H1N1 influenza virus were 23.21 ± 1.1 and 47.6 ± 2.3 µg/mL, respectively. SCRE showed a histological improvement, namely a decrease in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and caspase-3 immunoexpression in in vivo cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Moreover, there was a considerable decline in microRNA-let-7a gene expression and a significant rise in heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) gene expression, with a marked decrease in the malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Molecular docking studies revealed that the major constituents of SCRE have a good affinity for caspase-3, HO-1, and iNOS proteins. In conclusion, a traditional plant SCRE could be a promising source of novel therapeutic agents for treating and protecting respiratory tract diseases. More future investigations should be carried out to reveal its efficacy clinically.
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- 2023
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12. Sensitivity of Nanostructured Mn-Doped Cobalt Oxide Films for Gas Sensor Application
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Ehssan Salah Hassan, Kameran Yasseen Qader, Esraa Hassn Hadi, Sami Salman Chiad, Nadir Fadhil Habubi, and Khalid Haneen Abass
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manganese ,cobalt oxide ,spt ,crystalite size ,columnar rod ,gas sensor ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Medicine - Abstract
The effect of manganese doped cobalt oxide (Co3O4:Mn) was investigated by two different ratios (1% and 3%), which were precipitated by spray pyrolysis technique (SPT), and was adopted using a laboratory designed glass atomizer. Glass substrates were used to deposit films on them, heated at a temperature of 420 ℃. The structural properties were studied through X-ray diffraction. The results showed that all deposit nanostructured films were polycrystalline and there was a decrease in the preferred reflection intensity along (311) plane resulting in a decrease in the crystallite size. Surface properties were analyzed through atomic force microscopy (AFM), which showed a decrease in the roughness and the particle size growth was a vertical columnar rod. The optical characterization displayed that the transmittance of pure Co3O4 nanostructured films was 48% and decreased to 35% for 1% of the Mn concentration, and continued to decrease to 33% with the increase of manganese concentration up to 3%. Optical energy bandgap of pure Co3O4 nanostructured films was 1.435 eV and decreased to 1.419 eV for 1% of Mn concentration, and continued to decrease to 1.367 eV with the increase of Mn concentration up to 3%. The highest percentage sensitivity was for the sample doped with 3% Mn, which was about 65%, for NO2 gas concentration of 600 ppm, at an operating temperature of 200 ℃.
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- 2020
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13. Effect of Vanadium on Structure and Morphology of SnO2 Thin Films
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Shawki Khalaph Muhammad, Ehssan Salah Hassan, Kameran Yasseen Qader, Khalid Haneen Abass, Sami Salman Chiad, and Nadir Fadhil Habubi
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vanadium ,chemical spray ,grain bindery ,conical ,tin oxide ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Medicine - Abstract
Tin oxide was prepared by chemical methods and then doped with different weight ratios of vanadium 2wt% and 4wt%. The structural, morphological, and optical properties were studied. It was found that all the recorded films had a polycrystalline diffraction pattern and that the predominant reflection was (111) plane. The doping processes resulted in the improvement of crystalline structure and the disappearance of a number of secondary reflections and the direction of the film in a single crystalline pattern, thus reducing the values of energy gap and percentage transmittance. The morphological properties were studied by converting the three-dimensional images into graphic drawings to enable us to easily calculate surface parameters.
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- 2020
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14. Molecular Characterization and Antifungal Susceptibility of Aspergillus spp. among Patients with Underlying Lung Diseases
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Ehssan Moglad, Samar Saeed, Humodi Saeed, Hind Ahmed, Kwathar Salih, Hisham Altayb, and Wafa Elhag
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pulmonary aspergillosis ,antifungal ,chronic pulmonary infection ,PCR ,Khartoum-Sudan ,Medicine - Abstract
Background. Pulmonary aspergillosis is a lung infection caused by Aspergillus spp., which can cause severe illnesses in immunocompromised patients with underlying lung disease or who have asthma and inhale their spores. This study aimed to screen the antifungal susceptibility of Aspergillus spp. isolated from patients with underlying pulmonary infections and characterize the isolates using PCR and sequencing. Method. Three hundred and eighty-four sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage samples were collected and processed for the isolation and identification, and characterization of Aspergillus species and molecular amplification of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region by the PCR and Sanger sequencing method. Antifungal susceptibility tests for itraconazole and voriconazole were performed using the E-test. Result. The overall results revealed that out of 384 patients, 32 (8.3%) were positive for fungal growth, including 28 (87.5%) Aspergillus spp. The highest resistance rate (100 and 44.4%) was obtained from itraconazole against A. niger and A. fumigatus. In contrast, voriconazole revealed the best activities against all tested fungi compared to itraconazole. All A. flavus were sensitive to voriconazole, while only 54.5% were sensitive to itraconazole. The MICs of E-test for Aspergillus spp were 1.6 ± 1.8 and 0.6 ± 0.93 for itraconazole and voriconazole, respectively. Conclusions. The prevalence of aspergillosis was high, with a significant association with underlying lung diseases. Voriconazole was the drug of choice for isolated fungi.
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- 2022
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15. The Iranian corona stress study: Psychological impacts of COVID-19 pandemic in an Iranian population
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Sadegh Sabouhi, Atefeh Vaezi, Mohammad Reza Sharbafchi, Amanda Aerni, Dorothee Bentz, David Coynel, Dominique de Quervain, Bernhard Fehlmann, Virginie Freytag, Christiane Gerhards, Andreas Papassotiropoulos, Nathalie Schicktanz, Thomas Schlitt, Anja Zimmer, Priska Zuber, and Ehssan Amini
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covid-19 ,depression ,epidemiology ,psychological ,stress ,Medicine - Abstract
Background: To assess the psychological consequences of changes during the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in the Iranian population. Methods: We performed an anonymous online survey in the first 3 weeks of March 2020. Individuals older than 14 who could read Persian, and lived in Iran, were eligible for the study. The participants had to rate their stress levels and depressive symptoms (using a nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire PHQ-9) during the last 2 weeks and before the pandemic retrospectively. The changes in the psychological measurements and their association with the sociodemographic factors and burdens due to confinement were assessed. Results: Overall, among the 3,210 subjects who participated in our study, both the stress levels and average depression scores increased. However, about 23% of the subjects reported a decrease in their stress levels. The burden of childcare, restrictions in private life, and thoughts about the future were positively correlated with the changes in the stress levels and depression scores (|r| > 0.15). However, feeling relieved in the pandemic condition, and enjoying more family time were associated with less change in the stress and depression scores. Being religious (odds ratio [OR] [CI]: 1.5 [1.3-1-8]) and older age (OR [CI]: 2.9 [1.8–4.6] for >55 years old) were identified as the resilience factors, whereas being a student (OR [CI]: 2.1 [1.6;2.7]), seeking a job (OR [CI]: 2.6 [1.8;3.9]), and history of a psychiatric disorder (OR [CI]: 3.2 [2.6;4]) were identified as the risk factors for depression. Conclusions: The stress levels and depressive symptoms have increased during the COVID-19 pandemic and this increase is related to different social and personal burdens due to the confinement conditions.
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- 2022
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16. Study on Efficacy of 1% Permethrin Shampoo and Some Traditional Physical Treatment for Head Lice Infestation
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Mojtaba Salimi, Abedin Saghafipour, Faranak Firoozfar, Ehssan Mozaffari, Fatemeh Rezaei, and Hassan Vatandoost
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head lice ,pediculus humanus capitis ,permethrin ,Medicine - Abstract
Background: There is an increase in the prevalence of head lice among urban communities with high density in recent years. This study was aimed to determine the efficacy of 1% permethrin shampoo and some traditional physical treatment for head lice infestation in Qom Province, central Iran. Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was carried out on all 11,223 cases in six categories that were referred to Qom health care system from 2016 to March of 2017. The infested people were treated with 1% permethrin shampoo, twice at a 1-week interval and other recommended therapeutic categories, such as the use of physical treatments such as wooden fine-toothed combs impregnated with a mixture of water and white vinegar on infested hair for 30 min and secondly, carrier oils such as olive oil, bitter almond on infested hair over a therapeutic period. After completing the course of treatment, treatment success was checked by questionnaires. Results: A total of 11,223 cases with head lice infestation were confirmed and were enrolled for study. Out of six categories, three therapeutic categories were utilized as follows: (a) 1% permethrin shampoo and the use of physical treatments; (b) 1% permethrin shampoo and the use of carrier oils; (c) the above-mentioned therapeutic categories combined had high treatment success. It was estimated to be 82.00%, 87.31%, and 94.33%, respectively. Conclusions: According to the findings, in addition to the application of 1% permethrin shampoo, the use of physical treatments and carrier oils such as olive oil, bitter almond can increase the treatment success of head lice infestation.
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- 2021
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17. Irritable bowel syndrome in Iran: SEPAHAN systematic review no. 1
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Pegah Jahangiri, Marsa Sadat Hashemi Jazi, Ammar Hassanzadeh Keshteli, Shirin Sadeghpour, Ehssan Amini, and Peyman Adibi
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Irritable bowel syndrome ,functional gastrointestinal disorders ,epidemiology ,systematic review ,Iran ,Medicine - Abstract
Objectives: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disorder. Due to its high prevalence and absence of curative therapy, IBS has the potential to create tremendous burden on the health care system. Herein, we systematically reviewed the published literature to investigate the epidemiology of IBS in Iran. Methods: Studies that were reviewed in this article were primarily identified through four online bibliographic databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Iran Medex, and Scientific Information Database. Manual search of reference lists was carried out to identify any additional studies such as relevant abstracts and also recent review articles which may have been missed. Potentially related studies were retrieved and the selection criteria were applied. Eligible articles were reviewed. Results: From 4176 studies identified, 18 eligible studies were included. It was reported that in Iran, the prevalence of IBS was in the range of 1.1% to 25% and was more common in women. In addition, the difference in frequency of different age groups was minimal. There was a minimal difference in IBS prevalence within different age groups. Conclusions: In Iran, the incidence of IBS was in the wide range. Since there are not enough population-based studies, researchers should focus on developing well-designed population-based studies to determine the epidemiology of IBS in Iran. Moreover, cohort studies should be conducted in order to investigate the natural history of IBS. Investigating the etiology of IBS and attempt to organize health promotion programs are highly suggested.
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- 2012
18. Dyspepsia in Iran: SEPAHAN systematic review no. 3
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Ehssan Amini, Ammar Hassanzadeh Keshteli, Marsa Sadat Hashemi Jazi, Pegah Jahangiri, and Peyman Adibi
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Dyspepsia ,epigastric pain ,dyspepsia prevalence ,Iran ,Medicine - Abstract
Background: Dyspepsia is an upper gastrointestinal tract syndrome presenting epigastric pain and discomfort, fullness sensation, early satiety, nausea, vomiting, and belching. The prevalence of dyspepsia has been reported to be high all over the world. In this study, we reviewed studies reporting the prevalence of dyspepsia in Iran and discussed the probable risk factors of dyspepsia to shed light on future research on this topic. Methods: The four electronic databases of PubMed, Google Scholar, IranMedex, and Scientific Information Database were searched. The keywords for the electronic search were "dyspepsia" and "Iran". A manual search of the reference lists of the selected articles was also carried out. Two reviewers reviewed and identified articles independently and selected relevant studies based on our inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Nine articles reporting the prevalence of dyspepsia in Iran were included. The reported prevalence ranged from 2.2% to 29.9%. The majority of studies have reported the prevalence of dyspepsia to be higher in women. Conclusion: Dyspepsia seems to be highly prevalent in Iran. Considering the wide range of data reported in different studies, conducting further population-based studies is necessary to investigate the epidemiology and risk factors of dyspepsia among Iranians.
- Published
- 2012
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