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The work of the Samara Regional Clinical Blood Transfusion Station, the collection and delivery of platelet concentrates in 2018, 2019 and in the first 6 months of 2020 was assessed. The annual demand for platelet concentrates in 2019 increased by 22.9%, and in the first half of 2020 the issue of platelet concentrate decreased by 12.1%, which is associated with a change in treatment work during the period of infection COVID‑19. The proportion of platelets isolated from whole blood in the first half of 2020 decreased from 24.7% (the end of 2019) to 17.4%, (p

The article presents a study on the distribution of gene polymorphisms in the histocompatibility antigens among the patients diagnosed with AML, and healthy donors in the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as features of the HLA-A*, *B, Cw*, DRB1*, DQB1* distribution among the patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). HLA typing and data processing were performed at the Research and Production Center of Transfusiology, Nur-Sultan. A total of 3808 people were examined, including 3621 healthy blood donors and 187 patients diagnosed with AML. Genomic DNA for HLA typing was isolated from peripheral blood leukocytes by proteinase method using columns with silica membrane and using a set of reagents PROTRANS DNA BOX (Protrans, Germany). Typing of HLA-A, B, C, DRB1, DQB1 in the patients and blood donors was performed by polymerase chain reaction using commercial reagent kits from Protrans (PROTRANS HLA- A*/B*/DRB1* Cyclerplate System, PROTRANS HLA-C* Cyclerplate System, PROTRANS HLA-DQB1* Cyclerplate System).HLA-A*31 (OR = 1.8; CI 1.16-2.79; p < 0.01) proved to be more common in the group of patients compared to the control group, which suggesting an association between AML and presence of this antigen. The control group showed an increased frequency of HLA-A*02 antigen (OR = 0.55; CI 0.41-0.75; p < 0.01). This antigen may be, therefore, exert a protective effect in AML development.The studies of major histocompatibility complex which include HLA genes, did significantly expanded the understanding of HLA antigens which may have strong associative links with distinct diseases, and moderately or poorly expressed links in other disorders. Analysis of the literature data showed that myeloid leukemia is characterized by decreased frequency of HLA-B13, B14, B40 antigens, most often determined by antigens B16, Bw 22, B27. In this study, HLA-A*31, B*37 were associated with AML. Phenotypes with antigens HLA-A*02, B*27, C*02, DRB1*01, *04, DQB1*06 have a probable protective effect on the development of this pathology.The study has determined some features of histocompatibility gene distribution in AML patients, detection of HLA-markers that determine the risk or resistance to the occurrence of this disease. We have established characteristic specific markers of HLA system among AML patients in Kazakhstan, which may be associated with higher risk of the disease.

The effect of postoperative wound drainage on the frequency of red blood cells transfusion after primary hip arthroplasty was assessed. Prospective comparative study included 632 patients. The patients were divided into 2 groups depending on whether the postoperative drainage was performed (1st group) or not (2nd group). Duration of surgery, volume of intraoperative blood loss, the level of hemoglobin before surgery and during the first postoperative day, frequency and volume of red blood cells transfusion during the whole period of hospital treatment was evaluated. In group 1 donor red blood cells transfusion was required in 1.3%, in group 2 - in 0.8% of cases (p>0.05). No data on the effect of postoperative wound drainage upon the frequency of red blood cells transfusion after primary hip arthroplasty was obtained.

Aim. Characteristics of thrombocytopenia and finding ways of predicting platelet transfusions at autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with hematologic and autoimmune diseases. Methods. Thrombocytopenia period after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with autoimmune (group I, n=87) and hematological (group II, n=82) diseases was evaluated. Results. It was revealed that in patients with hematological oncologic diseases platelet count before the transplantation and on the first day after it is connected with the length of thrombocytopenia and the number of transfused platelets units. In patients with autoimmune diseases, low platelet count on the first day after transplantation might be used as a predictor for the transfusion risk. Day of thrombocytopenia onset is predictive of its duration and the need for blood components. In patients with hematological oncologic diseases, severe thrombocytopenia at day 14 before the transfusion is associated with further transfusion of 3 or more units of platelets. Platelet count at the first day after the transfusion is related to the number of platelet units transfused and thrombocytopenia duration. Onset of thrombocytopenia with platelet count lower than 20 and 10×109/L is predictive of its duration and the need for blood components. In patients with hematological oncologic diseases, early onset of thrombocytopenia is associated with further transfusion of larger doses of platelets. Conclusion. The revealed differences may be used as the criteria for predicting platelet transfusions in patients after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Aim. To compare the prevalence of HLA-system antigens genetic variants in potential hematopoietic stem cells donors in Kazakhstan and worldwide.Methods. Prevalence of HLA-antigens genetic variants in blood samples of potential hematopoietic stem cells donors included in hematopoietic stem cells donors register of Kazakhstan was analyzed and compared to a «Allele frequencies in Worldwide populations» database developed by the Royal Liverpool University Hospital.Results. The biggest overlap of Kazakhstan and World registers was seen in the distribution of 31-01 allele: 68 (4.5%) in Kazakhstan register, 1678 (4.63%) worldwide; odds ratio (OR) = 0.97 (0.76 to 1.24), F=0.851441, χ2=0.06. The biggest difference between the two registers was found in the distribution of locus A antigens: A 02-01 (χ2=24.59), A 02-07 (χ2=24.42), A 32-01 (χ2=27.1), A 02-37 (χ2=23.96), A 11-38 (χ2=3.96). In locus B alleles, the biggest overlap between the two comparison groups was in В 14:02 allele: Kazakhstan register - 31 (2.05%), worldwide register - 757 (2.01%) [OR=1.02 (0.71 to 1.47), F=0.851990, χ2=0.01], followed by 38:02 (χ2=0.02), 44:05 (χ2=0.03), in 27:07 (χ2=0.04), 54:01 (χ2=0.07). The biggest difference between the two registers was in 13:02 (χ2=256.9), 08:01 (χ2=26.92) locus B alleles. Distribution of locus C alleles was discovered to have the biggest statistical similarity of two registers provided by C 07:01 (χ2=0.07), 08:02 (χ2=0.15), 15:02 (χ2=0.23) 12:03 (χ2=0.76). The biggest difference in the distribution of locus C alleles between the two registers was in 06:02 (χ2=125.78) and C 03:02 (χ2=103.64).Conclusion. The overlap of HLA-antigens genetic variants distribution in Kazakhstan and global registers varies from 41 to 52% by loci (locus A - 50%, B - 52%, C - 48%, DRB1 - 51%, DQB1 - 41%, mean 48.4%, median 50%). Kazakhstan register contains information on unique HLA-antigens genetic variants not included in the general database, manifesting the need for national register development and its integration into the «Allele frequencies in Worldwide populations» register.

Aim. To develop the system of regional management of platelets bank based on the analysis of platelet concentrate supplies to Irkutsk region healthcare facilities.Methods. Irkutsk Regional Blood Transfusion Center expedition service reporting forms, branch statistical reports, accounting records of blood supply service facilities of Irkutsk Region for 2014 were analyzed.Results. To ensure the proper supply of Irkutsk region healthcare facilities with platelet concentrate, the main activities for stock management were determined: (1) key customers interaction management - by exploring the need for platelets and developing a mechanism for request planning for the next 7-9 days; (2) advance request execution - by donor acquisition, platelet concentrate production management, interaction with other institutions of the blood supply service; (3) platelet donation campaign. Regional management system for platelet stock was developed.Conclusion. Regional management system for platelet stock consists of 7 elements: (1) constant interaction with key customers: daily monitoring of healthcare facilities’ needs for platelet concentrate and planned advance requests for platelet concentrates; (2) anticipatory appointments for donors for platelet apheresis; (3) formation of platelet donors registry; (4) providing pediatric dosages of platelet concentrates for pediatric healthcare facilities; (5) combination of different ways of platelet concentrates preparation (production of platelet concentrates recovered from regular blood donors blood allows to create a «safety net» for emergencies); (6) arranging the planned production of platelet concentrates for Irkutsk at the branches of Irkutsk Regional Blood Transfusion Center, as well as in other Irkutsk Region regional blood supply service facilities; (7) promotion of platelet donation in blood supply service facilities.

Aim. To evaluate features of the evolution of blood donation in Kazakhstan, including motivation and types of donations.Methods. Statistical data of blood donations in the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2010-2014 were studied.Results. In 2014, 51.8% of all blood donations in Kazakhstan were done by voluntary donors, 35.5% - by recipient’s relatives. The median proportion of paid donations in 2012-2014 years dropped by twice: 15.3; 10.5 and 7.6%, respectively. The number of platelet donations in 2010-2014 years increased by 717.3, of which 77% came from the cities of Astana and Almaty, where high-tech medical care is mainly provided. The number of plasma donations in 2014 compared to 2010 year has decreased by 35.7%, while its share in total number of donations dropped by 40.2%. Preparations are underway to contract plasma fractionation, becomes an actual the problem of determining blood donor reserves for plasma donations.Conclusion. Voluntary blood donations (51.8%) prevail in Republic of Kazakhstan; the the number of platelet donations increased by 717.3% in 2010-2014, the number of plasma donations dropped by 40.2%, which reveals the potential for implementing contract fractionation.

H. W. Reesink, J. Lee, A. Keller, P. Dennington, J. Pink, R. Holdsworth, H. Schennach, M. Goldman, T. Petraszko, J. Sun, Y. Meng, K. Qian, V. Rehacek, P. Turek, T. Krusius, E. Juvonen, P. Tiberghien, D. Legrand, G. Semana, J. Y. Muller, J. Bux, A. Reil, C. K. Lin, H. Daly, E. McSweeney, L. Porretti, N. Greppi, P. Rebulla, H. Okazaki, S. A. Sanchez-Guerrero, H. A. Baptista-Gonzalez, C. Martinez-Murillo, A. Guerra-Marquez, H. Rodriguez-Moyado, R. A. Middelburg, J. C. Wiersum-Osselton, A. Brand, C. van Tilburg, D. Dinesh, J. Dagger, P. Dunn, E. Brojer, M. Letowska, K. Maslanka, E. Lachert, M. Uhrynowska, E. Zhiburt, M. Palfi, G. Berlin, B. M. Frey, L. Puig Rovira, E. Muniz-Diaz, E. Castro, C. Chapman, A. Green, E. Massey, N. Win, L. Williamson, C. C. Silliman, D. J. Chaffin, D. R. Ambruso, N. Blumberg, P. Tomasulo, K. J. Land, P. J. Norris, O. C. Illoh, R. J. Davey, R. J. Benjamin, A. F. Eder, L. McLaughlin, S. Kleinman & S. Panzer

Since the first successful haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) using cord blood from a sibling in 1988 and the establishment of the first public umbilical cord blood bank in New York Blood Center in 1992, umbilical cord blood banks have been instituted in many countries. Funding was received from regular blood banks, health councils, charity funds or commercial investments. The international medical society is indebted to the New York Blood Center for publishing their procedures and EuroCord for fighting a patent on cord blood processing. Although it is unknown how many cord blood samples are currently banked and have been transplanted worldwide, the figures of the international registration of World Marrow Donor Association (WHDA) show an increase of cord blood use, in addition to other sources of unrelated HSCT (Fig. 1). Cord blood for HSCT is, in addition to national/regional use, exchanged worldwide. Donor counselling, human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-typing, tests for transmittable diseases and product quality control requirements to comply with (inter)national [AABB, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, NetCord/ Foundation for the Accreditation of Cellular Therapy (FACT)] standards are expensive, making storage of cord blood for unrelated allogeneic haematopoietic transplantation currently a loss-making activity, not particularly attractive for private enterprise. In the last years, hopes have been fueled that other stem cells in cord blood may be used for future repair of metabolic or degenerative diseases. Autologous or personal cord blood banking appeals to individual initiatives and private funding; money is desperately needed by allogeneic cord blood banks, and it would be much better if it could

Ultraviolet irradiation of peripheral blood in therapeutic doses corrects the immuno-suppressive effect of staphylococcal toxin. The main immunoregulatory effect of ultraviolet irradiation is associated with the production of endogenous immune transmitters by blood cells such as interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor. Ultraviolet irradiation increases the content of CD3+ and CD4+ lymphocytes and restores the natural killer activity. The last parameter is proposed as a convenient criterion of the efficiency of quantum hemotherapy.