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A Quasi experimental study to evaluate the effectiveness of Video assisted teaching programme on knowledge regarding use of Intra Uterine Balloon Tamponade in the management of PPH among staff nurses in selected hospitals of Mysuru. The sample consisting of 60 Staff Nurses in selected hospitals by using non-probability convenient sampling method. The tool comprised of structured self-administered questionnaire. The mean of pre test knowledge score in experimental group was 8.966 with standard deviation of 4.205. While in control group, mean was 8.533 with standard deviation of 3.471. The post test knowledge score from both experimental and control group showed that the obtained post test mean value in experimental group (18.03) was higher than post test mean value in control group (8.93). The mean difference value of experimental group (9.07) is greater than control group (0.4), and the obtained ‘t’ test value (9.977) is found to be more than ‘t’ table value (2.00). Since, the obtained ‘t’ value is highly significant at p

Periodontium is physically and anatomically similar for both males and females. However, the response of periodontal tissues to hormones varies in both, due to different hormonal interaction. At different life stages of a female such as puberty, menstruation, pregnancy, menopause and post-menopause, use of contraceptives and hormone replacement therapies; sex hormones like estrogen and progesteron effects periodontal tissues.Sex hormones play significant roles in modulating the periodontal tissue responses, which can be minimized with good plaque control and with hormone replacement. Keywords: Gingivitis, low birth weight, periodontitis, preterm births, sex steroid hormones.

Several metals are used for Knee implants. Toxicity of metals may lead to toxicity of knee implants. This bibliometric analysis had been conducted to understand the active authors, organizations, journals, and countries involved in the research domain of “toxicity of knee implants”. All published articles related to “toxicity of knee implants” from “Scopus”, were analyzed using the VOS viewer to develop analysis tables and visualization maps. This article had set the objective to consolidate the scientific literature regarding “toxicity of knee implants” and also to find out the trends related to the same. The most active journal in this research domain was Biomaterials. The most active country was the United States of America. The leading organization engaged in research regarding the toxicity of knee implants were the Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India, University of Leeds, United Kingdom, and the Beihang University of China. The most active authors were Hallab N.J. and Jacobs J.J.

BACKGROUND Classification of breast lesions into different cytological groups can accurately be done using the International Academy of Cytology (IAC) Yokohama System for reporting breast cytopathology. Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of breast lesions has been considered to be the primary investigation in detecting breast cancers, especially in low-cost settings. The main objective of this study was to prospectively re-confirm the diagnostic accuracy of breast FNAB using the IAC Yokohama system. Additionally, separate secondary subgroup analysis was done to confirm the accuracy of breast FNAB excluding lymph-node positive and lymphadenopathy positive tumors. MATERIAL AND METHODS A prospective study was done on patients undergoing biopsy of breast lesions between September 01, 2019 and November 30, 2020 (519 biopsies on 487 unique patients). Of these 519 histopathology biopsies, 505 had corresponding FNAB report of the same site. The FNAB was reported using the IAC Yokohama system and the most suitable category was allotted in every case. The rates of malignancy for each category and the accuracy of breast FNAB in diagnosing malignancy were calculated. RESULTS Of the total 487 patients, 120 cases were benign on histology, while 367 were malignant. The rates of malignancy in benign, atypical, suspicious and malignant categories were 5%, 25%, 71%, and 99.7%, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of atypical, suspicious and malignant categories was calculated as 90.1%, 95.2%, and 93.3%, respectively. CONCLUSION The high diagnostic accuracy for each BIRADS category suggest excellent accuracy for Breast FNAB using the IAC Yokohama system.

Osteoporosis is a major health problem in postmenopausal women globally. This study determined the mechanism through which coelogin stimulates osteoblastogenesis and its osteoprotective and bone regenerating potential. Coelogin effect on primary calvarial osteoblast cells was determined by measuring alkaline phosphatase activity, mineralization, osteoblast survival, and apoptosis and protein expression studies. The osteoprotective effect of coelogin was also evaluated on osteopenic adult female Swiss mice. At autopsy, bones were collected for dynamic and histomorphometry studies. Serum samples were also collected for assessment of serum parameters. Coelogin treatment led to increased osteoblast proliferation, survival, differentiation, and mineralization in osteoblast cells. Coelogin supplementation to Ovx mice promoted new bone formation, prevented Ovx-induced deterioration of bone microarchitecture, and enhanced bone regeneration. In addition, signaling studies revealed that coelogin treatment activates the ER-Erk and Akt-dependent signaling pathways which stimulate the osteoblastogenesis in osteoblast cells.

Gingival enlargement develops as an exaggerated response of periodontal tissues to local factors like dental plaque and dental calculus. Systemic conditions like cerebral palsy, where mental deficiency and loss of manual dexterity is a contributing factor for poor oral hygiene, sometime manifest as gingival enlargement. Nutritional deficiency in combination to systemic disease and conditions, further contributes to an altered response of periodontal tissues to dental plaque and calculus, which may sometimes clinically manifest as gingival enlargement (generalized or localized). Vitamin C deficiency presents with various oral manifestations, specially causing conditioned gingival enlargement. Anemia is also one of the systemic disease/conditions affecting periodontal tissues. Management of these various conditions manifesting as gingival enlargement, warrants diagnosis and treatment of the underlying cause. It becomes more challenging when all these conditions co-exist, demanding a holistic comprehensive approach, not only for addressing the patient’s chief complaint, but also, improving the overall oral and general health as well. This case report is an attempt to discuss the management of an unusual case of massive gingival enlargement mainly due to vitamin C deficiency in an anemic cerebral palsy pediatric patient. Keywords: Anemia, Ascorbic acid deficiency, Cerebral palsy, Gingival overgrowth. Key Messages: Maintenance of proper oral hygiene and nutritional supplementation is essential for overall health of cerebral palsy patient

Unilateral mastication is commonly encountered on daily routine by all dentist. Various causes for unilateral mastication can be enumerated, but it’s seldom the reason for dental visit by the patient. Such negligence’s can be avoided by generating awareness as to how early treatment of a single diseased tooth might save half of the dentition from being severely compromised with the help of this case series. Keywords: Atrophy, Dental calculus, Dental caries, Periodontal diseases, Periodontitis

Study Design: Review. Objectives: Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is a significant reason of disability, especially in old-aged patients. Mindfulness and comprehension of CSM is basic to encourage early analysis and the executives. This review article delivers CSM concerning its the study of disease transmission, pathophysiology, clinical indications, imaging, treatment draws near. Methods: The authors played out a broad survey of the companion audited writing tending to the previously mentioned goals. Results: The clinical introduction and normal history of CSM is variable, switching back and forth among quiet and slippery to stepwise decay or quick neurological crumbling. For gentle CSM, preservationist choices could be utilized with cautious perception. Notwithstanding, careful intercession has demonstrated to be better for moderate than extreme CSM. The achievement of employable or traditionalist administration of CSM is multifactorial and top notch contemplates are inadequate. The ideal careful methodology is still under discussion, and can change contingent upon the quantity of levels included, area of the pathology and standard cervical sagittal arrangement. Conclusions: Early acknowledgment and treatment of CSM, before the beginning of spinal cord damage, is basic for ideal results. The objective of medical procedure is to decompress the cord with extension of the spinal canal, while reestablishing cervical lordosis, and balancing out when the danger of cervical kyphosis is high. Further high-caliber randomized clinical examinations with long haul follow up are still expected to additionally characterize the normal history and help anticipate the perfect careful methodology.

BACKGROUND The International Academy of Cytology (IAC) Yokohama system is a recently proposed system for reporting breast cytology by fine needle aspiration biopsies (FNAB). Multiple studies are needed to confirm the risk of malignancy (ROM) of the various reporting categories of this system. The present article studies the accuracy of the IAC Yokohama system in our center. METHODS Over a period of 1 year (September 2018-August 2019), all cases of breast masses assessed by FNAB and histological correlation were studied retrospectively. Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV) and positive predictive value (PPV) and overall accuracy of the IAC Yokohama system for diagnosing malignancy were assessed. The rates of malignancy (ROM) of each diagnostic category were also estimated. RESULTS Three hundred and twenty-one FNABs had cyto-histological correlation. The percent sensitivity (with 95% Confidence Intervals) when the atypical, suspicious of malignancy and the malignant categories were regarded as positive for malignancy were 98.2% [95.5%, 99.5%], 96.0% [92.5%, 98.2%], and 86.7% [81.5%, 90.8%] respectively. The percent specificity (with 95% Confidence intervals) for the same categories in the same order were 59.5% [47.4%, 70.7%], 91.9% [83.2%, 97.0%], and 100% [95.1%, 100%] respectively. The area under curve (AUC) for diagnosing malignancy was 0.981[0.963, 0.993]. The ROM for the benign, atypical, suspicious of malignancy and malignant category were 8.3% [2.3%, 20.0%], 17.2% [5.8%, 35.8%], 77.8% [57.7%, 91.4%], and 100% [98.1%, 100%] respectively. CONCLUSION The IAC Yokohama system is suitable for accurately reporting breast lesions on FNAB.

Aim: To investigate the potential of a thermosensitive intranasal formulation of raloxifene hydrochloride (RH) for systemic delivery with the possibility of enhanced bioavailability and anti-osteoporotic efficacy. Methods: In this work, a commercially scalable nanoemulsion in thermosensitive gel, aligned with better clinical acceptability, has been developed and evaluated. Results: A significant 7.4-fold improvement in bioavailability of RH was recorded when compared with marketed tablets. Likewise, in vivo pharmacodynamics studies suggested 162% enhanced bone density and significantly improved biochemical markers compared with per-oral marketed tablet. Conclusion: The formulation, being safe and patient compliant, successfully tuned anti-osteoporotic effects with improved therapeutic performance. Further, the work provided an exceptional lead to carry out the study in clinical settings.

Purpose: To quantitatively assess anterior chamber and angle parameters by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) in myopic eyes undergoing Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL V4c) implantation. Methods: Prospective noncomparative observational case series. Pre and postoperative (1st and 3rd month) AS-OCT angle parameters (anterior chamber depth [ACD], anterior chamber angle [ACA], Angle opening distance [AOD], trabecular iris space area [TISA], scleral spur angle [SSA]) were evaluated in 32 eyes (16 patients). SPSS version 20 with paired t-test for intragroup and Mann-Whitney U value test for intergroup comparisons. Results: It included 6 (37.5%) males and 10 (62.5%) females. Preoperative ACA of 34.6 ± 2.3° reduced to 32.2 ± 2.4°, 31.9 ± 2.5° at 1 and 3 months postoperatively (P = 0.001). Preoperative mean AOD500, AOD750, TISA500, TISA750, SSA of 0.34 ± 0.06 mm, 0.52 ± 0.15 mm, 0.09 ± 0.02 mm2, 0.20 ± 0.04 mm2, 34.27 ± 4.6° decreased to 0.32 ± 0.06 mm, 0.48 ± 0.15 mm, 0.08 ± 0.02 mm2, 0.17 ± 0.05 mm2, 32.5 ± 4.3° at 1-month (P = 0.001); 0.32 ± 0.06 mm, 0.47 ± 0.13 mm, 0.08 ± 0.02 mm2, 0.17 ± 0.05 mm2 and 32.4 ± 4.6° (P = 0.001) at 3-months, respectively. Correlation analysis between preoperative ACD/intraocular pressure (IOP) was − 0.62 (P = 0.0002) [1st month], −0.40 (0.024) [third month]; between IOP/postoperative ACA, AOD500, AOD750, TISA500, TISA750, SSA was − 0.04 (0.81), −0.03 (0.85), −0.08 (0.64), −0.12 (0.48), −0.10 (0.57), −0.06 (0.73) at 1 month; −0.09 (0.58), 0.04 (0.78), 0.12 (0.48), −0.02 (0.9), −0.04 (0.79), 0.02 (0.88) at 3 months; between ICL vault/ACA, AOD500, AOD750, TISA500, TISA750, SSA was 0.38 (0.02), 0.24 (0.17), 0.21 (0.25), 0.05 (0.75), 0.15 (0.41), 0.27 (0.13) at 1st month; 0.19 (0.28), 0.06 (0.71), −0.03 (0.85), 0.005 (0.97), 0.05 (0.78), 0.07 (0.68) at 3rd month. Conclusion: Postoperatively significant angle narrowing was noted. There was a negative correlation between IOP and preoperative ACD. There was no significant correlation between IOP and ICL vault with postoperative AS-OCT angle parameters.

Physico-chemical parameter of surface water of Kelo River was investigated in year 2016. Ph, TDS, Chloride, and Dissolved oxygen, BOD, COD, hardness is discussed in this paper.TDS, chloride, DO, BOD, COD shows variations between the two station selected for the study .Due to the urban, industrial, agriculture and other anthropogenic activities river water is polluted, there is a need of serious concern on water pollution and planning for the disposal of solid and liquid waste

Patients with gelatinous drop-like corneal dystrophy need to be effectively managed as the disease is severely debilitating in view of associated pho-tophobia and glare. Here, we report a rare case of gelatinous drop-like corneal dystrophy effectively managed by intraoperative anterior segment optical coherence tomography-guided manual deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty in 1 eye and sutureless fibrin glue-aided, microkeratome-assisted automated lamellar therapeutic keratoplasty in the other eye. The patient, a 22-year old man, presented with gradual diminution of vision associated with foreign body sensation, glare, photophobia, and watering due to corneal lesions, which were consistent with a diagnosis of gelatinous drop-like corneal dystrophy. Visual acuity at pre-sentation was 4/60 and 3/60 in the right and left eye, respectively. The patient received customized component lamellar keratoplasty in both eyes, and host tissue was sent for histopathologic examination. Treatment resulted in a best-corrected distance visual acuity of 6/9 and 6/12 in the right and left eye, respectively. The graft was clear and well apposed, with minimal interface haze bilaterally. The histopathologic report suggested intralamellar amyloid deposition in the form of homogenous, acellular eosinophilic deposits in the epithelium and anterior corneal stroma. This is a first report of the exclusive use of a fibrin-aprotinin tissue adhesive to stabilize a donor corneal lamellar graft as a treatment modality for a patient with gelatinous drop-like corneal dystrophy, suggesting that this treatment could supplant the need for sutures.

Traditional antibiotic susceptibility testing methods take several days to confirm and start disease treatment. The lack of new antibiotics or drugs warrants a need for optimization of current diagnostic tools for immediate antibiotic susceptibility testing. We present a rapid screening method to evaluate the response of bacteria to antibiotics based upon the electrochemical measurement of live bacterial cell metabolic activity using an electroactive redox dye, resazurin. A thin film of Pt deposited over a glass substrate using the direct current sputtering technique was used as a working bio-electrode for electrochemical readouts. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy was carried out to characterize the Pt thin film. We tested the efficacy of the method using two different strains, Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC-700603) and Escherichia coli (ATCC-25922), against ampicillin, kanamycin and tetracycline. The dye, on incubation with viable bacteria, undergoes reduction and lowers the corresponding peak current value. However, in the presence of an effective antibacterial agent, reduction did not occur due to bacterial cell death and absence of a reducing environment. The electrochemical changes in peak current values were monitored using the differential pulse voltammetry technique and interpretation of the results obtained was based upon changes in peak current values. Our results depict a new methodology where a concentration of 104 cells/mL cells can be detected in less than 4 h. The results were also compared with the conventional disc diffusion method for susceptibility testing which has a bacterial incubation time of 18–24 h. The method can potentially be used for monitoring the susceptibility of bacterial strains towards existing antibacterial agents in an easy, rapid, reliable and inexpensive manner without any pre-cultivation of bacteria.

Clarke et al. interrogate human TRM cells from cancer and nonmalignant tissue. These analyses highlight that PD-1 expression in tumor-infiltrating TRM cells was positively correlated with features suggestive of active proliferation and superior functionality rather than dysfunction., High numbers of tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells are associated with better clinical outcomes in cancer patients. However, the molecular characteristics that drive their efficient immune response to tumors are poorly understood. Here, single-cell and bulk transcriptomic analysis of TRM and non-TRM cells present in tumor and normal lung tissue from patients with lung cancer revealed that PD-1–expressing TRM cells in tumors were clonally expanded and enriched for transcripts linked to cell proliferation and cytotoxicity when compared with PD-1–expressing non-TRM cells. This feature was more prominent in the TRM cell subset coexpressing PD-1 and TIM-3, and it was validated by functional assays ex vivo and also reflected in their chromatin accessibility profile. This PD-1+TIM-3+ TRM cell subset was enriched in responders to PD-1 inhibitors and in tumors with a greater magnitude of CTL responses. These data highlight that not all CTLs expressing PD-1 are dysfunctional; on the contrary, TRM cells with PD-1 expression were enriched for features suggestive of superior functionality., Graphical Abstract

Signaling pathways like Wnt play a vital part in all aspects of skeletal development which include osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. Inactivation of Wnt signaling pathway leads to bone-related disorders, whereas activation of Wnt signaling pathway can cure bone pathologies like osteoporosis. Certain microRNA(s) have been identified that commune with Wnt signaling molecules to regulate osteogenesis. In this study we reported the identification of miR-409-5p as a suppressor of osteogenesis by targeting Lrp-8 which is a positive effector of Wnt signaling. Our study showed that overexpressing miR-409-5p inhibits osteoblast differentiation whereas obstructing miR-409-5p expression by anti-miR-409 promotes osteoblast functions and matrix mineralization. Using tools like targetscan and 3'-UTR luciferase reporter assay, Lrp-8 was confirmed as a straight target of miR-409-5p. By over expressing miR-409-5p, a repression of canonical Wnt/β catenin signaling was observed. These observations were strengthened by the fact that silencing of miR-409-5p in ovariectomized estrogen deficient Balb/c mice restored the loss of trabecular bone microarchitecture and suppressed bone resorption. Thus, targeting miR-409-5p may be helpful in increasing bone density in conditions like post menopausal osteoporosis.

Images of retina of high quality with a wide field is a powerful form of classifying and detecting retinal diseases. These are preventable however can jeopardize vision. Retinal cameras dependent on cell phones hold guarantee to expand admittance to retinal symbolism, however various characteristics of picture and protected area of view will diminish their value. Our paper proposes fundus camera dependent on your own cell phone that can take photographs of the focal retina as well as the fringe retina at a plana standards. This may be demonstrated well as a methodology less expensive to the camera zeroing in on fundus pictures.

Lung performs the most important function of the human body called breathing. Any continuous increase or decrease in the breathing pattern is an early indication of the presence of abnormalities in the lung. Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a combination of common symptoms and signs that contributes largely in increasing mortality rate due to respiratory disorders. The main reason for this increased mortality rate due to Asthma and COPD are the lack of differential diagnosis of these two diseases. Differentiating two diseases is important for their respective drug and therapy treatments. In this study Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) data from 30 subjects of 3 groups (10 from each group) namely Control, Asthma & COPD is collected from the Department of Pulmonary Medicines & TB of All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur All India. Different parameters are selected from the PFT report and their Statistical Significance Analysis will be done to check their significance to decide and label boundaries for removing difficulties in the differential diagnosis of Asthma and COPD in case of overlapping.

Background: Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in breast lesions offers accurate results in differentiating benign and malignant lesions. However, its role is unclear when core-needle biopsy (CNB) is available, the latter providing additional information regarding tumor grade, invasion, and hormone receptor status in malignant lesions. In benign breast lesions, especially in BIRADS category 4a and 4b, FNAB, and CNB provide similar pathological information, whereby FNAB may serve as a more rapid and cost-effective investigation. The study was planned to reevaluate the diagnostic accuracy of FNAB in BIRADS category 4a, 4b, and 4c lesions. Materials and Methods: FNAB and biopsy reports of all patients with breast lesions sent between September 1, 2018, and November 30, 2020, were collected and the International Academy of Cytology (IAC) Yokohama category and BIRADS score were recorded for each case. The rate of malignancy and the accuracy of FNAB in diagnosing malignancy were calculated for each BIRADS 4a, 4b, and 4c subgroup. Results: A total of 249 cases of BIRADS 4 lesions had corresponding cytology and histopathology diagnoses. FNAB showed high diagnostic accuracy in all BIRADS groups. A benign categorization was associated with a very low number of false-negative diagnoses, especially in BIRADS 4a lesions. Conclusion: The study reconfirms the excellent accuracy of breast FNAB using the IAC Yokohama system in diagnosing breast malignancies. Furthermore, BIRADS 4a lesions found to be belonging to the cytological benign category may be excluded from CRB and kept on clinical follow-up.

Decellularized corneas obtained from other species have gained intense popularity in the field of tissue engineering due to its role to serve as an alternative to the limited availability of high-quality donor tissues. However, the decellularized cornea is found to evoke an immune response inspite of the removal of the cellular contents and antigens due to the distortion of the collagen fibrils that exposes certain antigenic sites, which often lead to graft rejection. Therefore, in this study we tested the hypothesis that cross-linking the decellularized corneas with chondroitin sulfate may help in restoring the distorted conformationation changes of fibrous matrix and thus help in reducing the occurrence of graft rejection. Cross-linking of the decellularized cornea with oxidized chondroitin sulfate was validated by ATR-FTIR analysis. An in vitro immune response study involving healthy monocytes and differentiated macrophages with their surface marker analysis by pHrodo red, Lysotracker red, ER tracker, and CD63, LAMP-2 antibodies confirmed that the cross-linked decellularized matrices elicited the least immune response compared to the decellularized ones. We implanted three sets of corneal scaffolds obtained from goat, i.e., native, decellularized, and decellularized corneas conjugated with chondroitin sulfate into the rabbit stroma. Histology analysis, three months after implantation into the rabbit corneal stromal region, confirmed the restoration of the collagen fibril conformation and the migration of cells to the implanted constructs, affirming proper graft integration. Hence we conclude that the chondroitin sulfate cross-linked decellularized corneal matrix may serve as an efficient alternative to the allograft and human cadaveric corneas.

The prediction of the occurrence of heart disease in the medical area is an important task. Nowadays, various techniques have been applied for the prediction analysis. In this work, the process of prediction analysis is divided into two phases which are clustering and classification. K-mean clustering is applied to cluster head and output of clustering is given as input to SVM classifier for the classification. In order to increase the accuracy of prediction analysis, the back propagation algorithm is proposed to be applied with the k-means clustering algorithm to cluster the data. The proposed algorithm performance is tested in the heart disease dataset which is taken from UCI repository. There are 76 attributes present within a database. However, a subset of 14 among them is required within all the published experiments. The proposed work will increase the accuracy of the prediction analysis.

BackgroundClassification of breast leasions into different cytological groups (1-5) can accurately be done using the International Academy of Cytology (IAC) Yokohama System for reporting breast cytopathology. Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of breast leasions has been considered to be the primary investigation in detecting breast cancers, especially in low-cost settings. The main objective of this study was to prospectively re-confirm the diagnostic accuracy of breast FNAB using the IAC Yokohama system. Additionally, separate separate secondary subgroup analysis was done to confirm the accuracy of breast FNAB excluding lymph-node positive and lymphadenopathy positive tumors.Material and methodsA prospective study was done in a tertiary care centre in North India on patients undergoing core-needle /incisional/excisional biopsy of breast lesions between 1st September 2019 to 30th November,2020 (519 biopsies on 487 unique patients). Of these 519 histopathology biopsies, 505 had corresponding FNAB report of the same site. The FNAB was reported using the IAC Yokohama system and the most suitable category was allotted in every case. The rates of malignancy for each category and the accuracy of breast FNAB in diagnosing malignancy were calculated.ResultsOf the total 487 patients, 120 cases were benign on histology, while 367 were malignant. The rates of malignancy in benign, atypical, suspicious and malignant categories were 5%, 25%, 71% and 99.7% respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of atypical, suspicious and malignant categories was calculated as 90.1%, 95.2% and 93.3% respectively.ConclusionThe high sensitivity and specificity for each scenario for all tumors and for each examined BIRADS category/ies suggest excellent accuracy for Breast FNAB using the IAC Yokohama system.

The study reports a theranostic nature of rno-miR-300 (miR300) in the osteoblast functioning, by influencing the signaling pathway(s), associated with osteoblast differentiation. Excessive expression of miR300 suppresses osteoblast functions. Smad3 served as a validated target for miR300, on homology-based computational analysis and experimental testimony, which activates β-catenin, and subsequently potentiates Runx2. The impact of miR300 on the Smad3/β-catenin/Runx2 signaling interactions in the induction of osteoblast differentiation was scrutinized by immunoblotting and in vivo miRNA antagonism. Overexpression of miR300 in the rat calvarial osteoblasts decreases the protein levels of Smad3, β-catenin and Runx2. Besides, in vivo silencing of miR300 in the neonatal pups and adult rats by AntimiR300 abolishes the suppressing action of miR300 on the osteoblast differentiation and expressions of Smad3/β-catenin/Runx2 axis. MicroCT studies showed improved trabecular microarchitecture in the AntimiR300 transfected ovariectomised rat model compared to sham and negative control. Furthermore, expression levels of miR300 were evaluated in serum samples from an independent set of 30 osteoporotic patients followed by a Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (ROC) based analysis for the diagnostic efficiency of miR300. Interestingly, the results exhibited high levels of miR300 (p 0.0001) in the serum samples from osteoporotic patients relative to non-osteoporotic subjects (AUC = 0.9689). Thus, miR300 negatively regulates the differentiation of osteoblasts by targeting crosstalk among Smad3, β-catenin and Runx2, unveiling an enormous ability to serve as a therapeutic target for bone-related disorder management strategies. Besides, miR300 may potentially function for the diagnosis of osteoporosis as a non-invasive biomarker.

Background In the hand, giant cell tumors (GCTs) of the bones account for 2 to 5% of all hand tumors; they are often seen in the metacarpals and phalanges, seldom in the carpal bones. In the carpal bones, GCT usually occurs as a single lesion, with multifocal involvement being extremely rare. On analysis of recent English literature, we could find out only two reports having simultaneous involvement of multiple carpal bones. Case Description We report a case of a 29-year-old female with simultaneous involvement of two carpal bones: capitate and hamate. After confirming the diagnosis by histopathological examination, the affected carpals were resected, and the defect was filled with autologous bone graft. Follow-up at 18 months demonstrated no evidence of local recurrence or metastatic disease, and the patient is now having a reasonable hand function. Literature Review We analyzed nine case reports on GCTs in carpal bones in the past 25 years. Seven out of nine cases that we could analyze showed single carpal bone involvement (three capitate, two scaphoid, one hamate, one triquetrum). In these, four patients had undergone resection, and five patients had undergone curettage, of whom one patient came back 5 months later with recurrence. Only two cases were there with simultaneous involvement of multiple carpal bones. Both the cases were managed with resection and reconstruction with autologous graft iliac graft. Clinical Relevance GCTs of the carpal bones are relatively rare, and simultaneous involvement of two bones is rarer. Every attempt should be made to preserve useful wrist range of motion by excision and limited carpal fusion.

Introduction: Scrub typhus is a mite-borne bacterial infection of humans caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi that presents with prolonged fever unless suspected early. The aim of this study was to characterize the epidemiological factors and clinical clues in this region for early diagnosis. Materials and Methods: This study was a retrospective, observational study conducted in all diagnosed scrub typhus cases admitted to the pediatric ward of a tertiary care hospital in-between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2016. One hundred and one patients admitted with IgM positive for scrub typhus over 2-year period were analyzed for the epidemiological factors and clinical features. Results: Male:female ratio is 1.4:1. The mean age of the patients in our cohort was 4.83 years, ranging from 0.25 to 14 years. Majority (79.2%) was from the rural area. Fever was present in all cases and about 81.19% of children presented with fever for >7 days. Other findings were hepatosplenomegaly (55.45%), respiratory problems (47.54%), abdominal symptoms (40.59%), eschar (26.74%), rashes (15.84%), altered behavior (9.9%) and lymphadenopathy (2.97%) of cases studied. Thrombocytopenia, elevated liver enzymes, and raised C-reactive protein (CRP) were found characteristically. Defervescence after starting doxycycline was within 3.26 ± 2.26 days. Conclusions: Scrub typhus can present in various ways but mostly with prolonged fever. Hepatosplenomegaly, eschar, third spacing, raised CRP, and thrombocytopenia are important clues for early clinical diagnosis. Increased awareness and heightened suspicion, especially in the light of increasing number of patients are required for timely treatment and prevention of complications.

Presently, an emerging disease (COVID-19) has been spreading across the world due to coronavirus (SARS-CoV2). For treatment of SARS-CoV2 infection, currently hydroxychloroquine has been suggested by researchers, but it has not been found enough effective against this virus. The present study based on in silico approaches was designed to enhance the therapeutic activities of hydroxychloroquine by using curcumin as an adjunct drug against SARS-CoV2 receptor proteins: main-protease and S1 receptor binding domain (RBD). The webserver (ANCHOR) showed the higher protein stability for both receptors with disordered score (-38.84 kcal/mol) had greater than hydroxychloroquine (-35.87 kcal/mol) in case of S1 receptor binding domain. Therefore, this study suggested that the curcumin could be used as combination therapy along with hydroxychloroquine for disrupting the stability of SARS-CoV2 receptor proteins

Octanoic acid is a medium-chained saturated fatty acid found abundantly in the ketogenic dietary supplements containing medium chained triglycerides (MCT) along with decanoic acid. The MCT ketogenic diet is commonly consumed for weight loss but has also showcased neuroprotective potential against neurodegenerative disorders. However, recent clinical findings have reported a critical disadvantage with the long-term consumption of ketogenic diet i.e. bone loss. The following study was employed to investigate whether the two major components of MCT diet also possess bone loss potential as observed with classical ketogenic diet. Swiss albino mice aged between 10 and 12 weeks, were divided into 3 treatment groups that were administered with oral suspensions of octanoic acid, decanoic acid and a combination of both for 4 weeks. Bone specific markers, microarchitectural parameters, using micro computed tomography, and biomechanical strength were analyzed. Remarkably deleterious alterations in the trabecular bone microarchitecture, and on bone markers were observed in the octanoic acid treated groups. Our results suggest significant negative effects on bone health by octanoic acid. These findings require further investigation and validation in order to provide significant clinically relevant data to possibly modify dietary composition of the MCT ketogenic diet.

BackgroundHelicobacter pylori (HP) cagA is the causing agent for development of gastric cancer (GC). H. pylori also involves to trigger the EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) expression in gastric cancer cells. However, the prognostic relation of cagA with HER2 status in GC was not well understood.ObjectiveThe main aim of this study was to investigate the link of HER2 expression with CagA+ H. pylori in GC tissues.Materials and MethodsThe study was performed on 85 GC tissues of GC patients. The specific primers of 16S rDNA and cagA for PCR amplification were used. For investigation of HER2 status in GC tissues, immunohistochemistry and PCR amplification were performed. In silico study was performed for the investigation of interactive potential of HER2 with CagA protein.ResultsPCR amplified the 54 (63.52 %) of 85 GC tissues for HP that showed 34 (62.96 %) cagA+ HP. Immunohistochemistry of tissues revealed 57 (67.05 %) diffuse and 28 (32.94 %) intestinal type cancer. Of 85 cases, 21 GC tissues scored (2 + or 3 +) for positive HER2 expression and score (0 or 1 +) of 64 (75.29 %) showed negative. Of 21 HER2 + GC tissue, 15 biopsies had cagA+ HP and 2 were negative. PCR amplified single amplicon in 17 (20 %) CagA+ tissues and 3 (5.55 %) in CagA - HP. The molecular interactions of CagA was also showed its efficiency for HER2 expression.ConclusionThe study concluded that CagA+ HP may induce HER2 overexpression in GC tissues.

Non-orthogonal multiple access Technique is useful for many users in the same source allocation by multiplexing users in dissimilar area than frequency and moment. By this way, NOMA Techniques offer many compensation over (OMA) schemes such as improved spectral efficiency, higher throughput, massive connectivity support, and low communication latency. With these Advantages, NOMA transmission Technique is a best growing technique for upcoming wireless networks. When the power area is used to multiple users, it is referred as (PD-NOMA) Technique. In this paper the rate optimization Techniques studied in the literature survey when the Power Domain-NOMA scheme is joint with MIMO. The consider system models, the optimization methods used to maximize the promising rates, and the main outcome on the performance of these NOMA-enabled Techniques are discuss along with future research directions for these combined schemes.

The rise of antibiotic resistance is an emerging problem of the millennium. Clinical microbiology plays an important role in combating the problem by facilitating diagnostics and therapeutics thus managing infection in patients. Diagnostic failures are a major limiting factor during bacterial infection that causes inappropriate use of antibiotics, delay in start up of treatment and decrease in the survival rate during septic conditions. Thus rapid and reliable detection is highly relevant during such bacterial infections and also at the time of disease outbreak as many such pathogens can be used as biothreat agents or bioweapons affecting human health and posing risk to national security. This review highlights the importance of various methods for fast pathogen detection and antimicrobial susceptibility determination. These methods have the potential to provide very precise and rapid ways for bacterial screening and identifying the correct antibiotics to cure infection

Intracranial translucency (IT) has been used extensively as an indirect marker to exclude open spina bifida (OSB) in the first trimester. Like any sonographic sign, the use of IT is fraught with issues like non-visualization due to shadowing from bone, poor distinction from the adjacent hypoechoic brainstem, etc. In view of these challenges, researchers have come up with additional markers of OSB in the first trimester. The aim of this paper is to illustrate these sonographic clues so as to improve diagnostic accuracy in cases where obliteration of IT is equivocal.

With an increase in the ageing population worldwide, the prevalence of osteoporosis increases at an alarming rate in both male and female irrespective of their ethnicity. At present, the currently available therapeutic options are mostly limited to either bone resorptive or bone forming efficacies and both approaches are associated with serious side effects. Despite these options, there is still need for newer therapeutics to treat osteoporosis, which can offer beneficial effects for maintaining balanced dynamics between bone formation and bone resorption, devoid of any side effect. The proper understanding of pathophysiology of the disease is essential for designing or investigating an effective and safe anti-osteoporotic agent. This review represents a discussion around the molecular targets with their implications in disease progression, available therapeutic options, the emerging targets, and the importance of designing an effective anti-osteoporotic agent.

We report the role of miR-1187 in regulation of osteoblast functions. Over-expression of miR-1187 inhibited osteoblast differentiation. Target prediction analysis tools and experimental validation by luciferase 3' UTR reporter assay identified BMPR-II and ArhGEF-9 as direct targets of miR-1187. ArhGEF-9 activates Cdc42 which has a major role in actin reorganization. BMP-2 also induces actin polymerization. Role of miR-1187 in actin reorganization was determined by western blotting, immunofluorescence, and in vivo gene silencing studies. Reduced protein levels of BMPR-II, activated Cdc42, and downstream signaling molecules were observed in miR-1187-transfected osteoblasts. miR-1187 over-expression resulted in decreased actin polymerization. Additionally, P-cofilin, which does not bind F-actin, was decreased in miR-1187-transfected cells. These results were corroborated by administration of BMPR-II exogenously in miR-1187-transfected osteoblasts. Silencing of miR-1187 in neonatal mice mitigated all the inhibitory effects of miR-1187 on actin cytoskeletal rearrangement. Importantly, in vivo treatment of miR-1187 inhibitor to ovariectomized BALB/c mice led to significant improvement in trabecular bone microarchitecture. Overall, miR-1187 functions as a negative regulator of osteogenesis by repressing BMPR-II and ArhGEF-9 expression thus suppressing non-Smad BMP2/Cdc42 signaling pathway and inhibiting actin reorganization. miR-1187 functions as a negative regulator of osteogenesis by repressing BMPR-II expression, which in turn, suppresses non-Smad BMP2/Cdc42 signaling pathway, thus inhibiting actin cytoskeletal rearrangement. Silencing of miR-1187 significantly improves trabecular bone microarchitecture. As miR-1187 exerts a negative regulatory role in osteoblasts function, hence, we propose that therapeutic approaches targeting miR-1187 could be useful in enhancing the bone formation and treatment of pathological conditions of bone loss.

Objective: Kaempferol, a natural flavonol present in various traditional medicinal plants, is known to possess potent anti-inflammatory properties. This study was designed to study the adju...

During an anomaly scan, cystic lesion in the scalp may be encountered while examining the fetal head. Some of these originate from the scalp tissue and can be dealt with postnatally by simple excision. Others may be more than just scalp cysts and have an intracranial communication. The objective of this communication is to illustrate a few cystic lesions in the fetal scalp and suggest a systematic approach in arriving at a diagnosis.