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The aim of the present study was to evaluate the hemolymph of engorged females of Rhipicephalus microplus ticks exposed to the growth regulator fluazuron. Firstly, the engorged females were divided into two groups (control and treated) and these were subjected to an immersion test. Hemolymph was collected 24 and 48 hours after the immersion test, to evaluate the cellular and metabolic response. In comparison with the control group, the treated group had lower total hemocyte counts at both times, with lower granulocyte counts and higher spherulocyte counts. There were reductions in glucose and total protein values in both the control and the treated group at the 48-hour evaluation, compared with the 24-hour evaluation. There were no changes in activity levels of lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase enzymes in either group at both times. Fluazuron was not able to promote changes in the energy metabolism of the ticks under the conditions established for this study, but this growth regulator proved to be capable of promoting changes in hemocyte dynamics., O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar as alterações na hemolinfa de fêmeas ingurgitadas de carrapatos Rhipicephalus microplus expostas ao regulador de crescimento fluazuron. Primeiramente, as fêmeas ingurgitadas foram divididas em dois grupos (controle e tratado) e estes foram submetidos a um teste de imersão. A hemolinfa foi coletada 24 e 48 horas após o teste de imersão, para avaliação da resposta celular e metabólica. Em comparação com o grupo controle, o grupo tratado apresentou menor contagem de hemócitos totais em ambos os momentos, com menor contagem de granulócitos e maior contagem de esferulócitos. Houve reduções nos valores de glicose e proteína total no grupo controle e no grupo tratado na avaliação de 48 horas, em comparação com a avaliação de 24 horas. Não houve alterações nos níveis de atividade das enzimas lactato desidrogenase e aspartato aminotransferase em nenhum dos grupos em ambos os momentos. O fluazuron não foi capaz de promover alterações no metabolismo energético dos carrapatos nas condições estabelecidas para este estudo, mas esse regulador de crescimento mostrou-se capaz de promover alterações na dinâmica hemocitária.

A 4-year-old male mixed-breed cat was evaluated with a history of the presence of a reddish mass in the left eye medial corner. Ophthalmic examination revealed prolapse of the third eyelid gland, conjunctival secretion and hyperemia. The animal underwent gland replacement surgery using the modified Morgan technique. After surgery, clinical signs improved on the first day. The cat was observed for 2 years after surgery and there was no recurrence of the condition. The surgical technique was effective in resolving the condition., Um felino de quatro anos de idade, macho e sem raça definida foi atendido com histórico de surgimento de uma massa avermelhada no canto medial do bulbo ocular esquerdo. Ao exame oftalmológico foi observado o prolapso da glândula da terceira pálpebra, hiperemia e secreção em conjuntiva. O animal foi submetido ao procedimento cirúrgico de reposição da glândula pela técnica de Morgan modificada. Após a cirurgia, notou-se melhora dos sinais clínicos. O animal foi acompanhado durante 3 anos após o procedimento e não houve, até o presente momento, a recidiva do prolapso da glândula. Esse é o primeiro caso relatado no Brasil de prolapso da glândula terceira pálpebra em felino. A técnica cirúrgica utilizada foi efetiva na resolução da condição.

Demodicose é uma dermatose parasitária considerada incomum no gato doméstico. Este estudo tem como objetivo relatar o primeiro sucesso terapêutico do sarolaner por via oral no tratamento de Demodex spp. em um gato naturalmente infestado no Brasil. Um gato adulto, positivo para o vírus da leucemia felina e em tratamento com glicocorticóides, apresentava sinais clínicos da pele como prurido intenso, hiperceratose, lignificação, fragilidade da pele e alopecia simétrica. O diagnóstico foi confirmado em arranhões na pele, impressão em tiras de acetato e exame coproparasitológico. Após o diagnóstico, o sarolaner foi administrado por via oral (4mg / kg). A avaliação foi realizada com arranhões na pele 24, 48 horas e 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias após o tratamento. Após 21 dias, nenhum ácaro foi observado e houve uma melhora na fragilidade da pele e na repilação parcial. Com base nos resultados deste estudo, pode-se concluir que o sarolaner foi eficaz no tratamento da sarna demodécica felina., Demodicose é uma dermatose parasitária considerada incomum no gato doméstico. Este estudo tem como objetivo relatar o primeiro sucesso terapêutico do sarolaner, por via oral, no tratamento de Demodex spp. em um gato naturalmente infestado no Brasil. Um gato adulto, positivo para vírus da leucemia felina e no tratamento com glicocorticóides, apresenta sinais clínicos de pele como prurido intenso, hiperqueratose, lignificação, fragilidade da pele e alopecia simétrica. O diagnóstico foi confirmado em raspados cutâneos, imprimindo em fita de acetato e sem exame coproparasitológico. Após o diagnóstico, o sarolaner foi administrado por via oral (4mg / kg). Uma avaliação foi realizada com raspados cutâneos com 24 e 48 horas e com 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias após o tratamento. Após 21 dias, nenhum óleo foi observado e houve uma melhora na fragilidade da pele e com a reabilitação parcial. Com base nos resultados deste estudo, pode-se concluir que o sarolaner foi eficaz no tratamento da sarna demodécica felina.

Otodectes cynotis is a mite with a cosmopolitan distribution that is the primary agent for the development of otitis externa in feline species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the oral administration of sarolaner for the treatment of feline otodectic mange. We used 20 adult cats of both sexes that were naturally infested with O. cynotis. The mite infestation scoring was performed by video-otoscopy before treatment. The cats were randomized according to the infestation score and divided into two groups (treated and control). The treated group underwent oral administration of sarolaner in a single dose of 2–4 mg/kg. The evaluations were performed by video-otoscopy to evaluate the reduction of infestation score 2, 4, 6, 24 and 48 h and 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after medication. At the end of the study, the cats were sedated to enable the recovery of live and dead mites to determine efficacy. No adverse effects or laboratory changes were observed in these cats. Sarolaner showed 100% efficacy 48 h after treatment. Based on the results, a single oral dose of sarolaner was effective in controlling otodectic mange in naturally infested cats.

Background : Automated hematology analyzers have been developed to optimize the time between analyses and have promising precision and accuracy. Complete blood count (CBC) is often requested as part of veterinary clinical examination. Automated analyzers are often used to determine CBCs, since processing as well as container-related errors may occur owing to variable sizes, aggregates, white or red blood cell fragments, and effects of EDTA on cell morphology. Platelet aggregates frequently occur in felines, with studies reporting a prevalence of approximately 71%. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of exercise aggregates on the global white blood cell count of domestic cats using automated hematological counters with the impedance method. Materials, Methods & Results : Blood samples of 140 cats, irrespective of age, sex, and breed, were collected into EDTA-containing tubes. The samples were obtained via routine clinical examinations at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ) and processed at the Veterinary Parasitology Experimental Chemotherapy Laboratory (LQEPV), belonging to the same institution. All the samples were processed on the Sysmex pocH-100iV Diff automated hematology apparatus according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Leukocyte counts were also manually determined using a duplicate Neubauer chamber. Standard dilutions were prepared immediately after the automated analysis. To identify the occurrence of platelet aggregates, a blood smear was made and visualized under a brightfield microscope at a magnification of 10× and scored 0 to 3 (G1, G2, G3, and G4) based on the aggregation intensity. In case of changes, the groups were subdivided according to the intensity of occurrence. Of the 140 samples analyzed, 76.4% (107/140) showed some degree of platelet aggregation. The maximum variation in leukocyte counts determined by the automatic and the manual technique in G1 was 2,500 cells. In G2, it was possible to identify a variation of 6,500 nucleated cells, whereas in G3, this value was 7,100 cells. In G4, where platelet aggregation was intense, the variation between counts was up to 15,000 nucleated cells. A significant difference of variation in total white blood cell count between manual and automated methods was observed when compared to animals that did not show any degree of platelet aggregation ( P < 0.05). Of the total samples, 23.57% (33/140) comprised G1, 24.28% (34/140) G2, 22.14% (31/140) G3, and 30% (42/140) G4. Of the 140 samples analyzed, 107 showed aggregates, pseudo-thrombocytopenia, and changes in the total number of leukocytes. Discussion : Samples with higher platelet aggregate formation showed greater interference in global leukometry when analyzed using the hematological counter. White blood cell counts determined by automated analyzers should be interpreted with caution and compared to manual counts when there is significant platelet aggregation in the sample. The findings reinforce the importance of reconfirming the results obtained using an automated equipment in order to avoid misinterpretations that may influence diagnosis and therapy. It is essential to re-check the values obtained from an automated equipment with traditional methods in order to minimize possible errors generated by the equipment, since such errors may affect the clinical diagnosis and subsequently, the therapeutic approach chosen.

It is known that skin healing in cats is slower and has a higher complication rate than in dogs, what leads to search for new resources to enhance this process. Omentum properties in the aid of tissue repair are known and, among the forms of extraperitoneal omentalization, the use of free omental grafts without vascular anastomosis is advantageous, but little studied; there is no knowledge about its effect on skin healing, nor if it’s still viable when implanted in the subcutaneous space. Thus, the present study aimed to describe possible alterations produced by free omental graft without anastomosis inserted in the subcutaneous space, by means of macroscopic clinical analysis of the implantation region in cats. Twenty intact female cats were divided into two groups (Group 1: treated animals; Group 2: controls) of similar size. All animals were subjected to ovariosalpingohysterectomy (OSH) prior to the induction of an experimental wound for the implantation of the omental graft. Wounds were evaluated on days 1, 2, 4, 8, and 15 postsurgery and then weekly until no lesions were noted. Data regarding color, consistency, presence or absence of crusts, wound resistance, and volume measurements were recorded. There was activation of the omentum on the 4th day of evaluation with reduction of hemorrhage and an increase in the resistance to traction of the experimental wound. We concluded that the omentum without vascular anastomosis is capable of maintaining its viability and exert positive influence on the repair process without showing deleterious signs on the implantation site. RESUMO: Sabe-se que a cicatrização de pele em gatos é mais lenta e apresenta índice maior de complicações que nos cães, dai a importância da busca de novos recursos para estimular o processo cicatricial. São conhecidas as propriedades do omento no auxílio ao reparo tecidual e, dentre as formas de omentalização extraperitoneal, o uso do omento livre sem anastomose vascular é vantajoso, porém pouco estudado; não há conhecimento sobre seu efeito na cicatrização cutânea, tampouco se permanece viável quando implantado no espaço subcutâneo. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar possíveis alterações produzidas pelo enxerto omental livre sem anastomose inserido no espaço subcutâneo, por meio da avaliação clínica macroscópica da região de implantação em gatos. Foram utilizadas 20 gatas, de idade entre um e sete anos, sem alterações em exame de sangue, FIV/FELV negativas. Os animais foram divididos em dois grupos (Tratado e Controle) de igual tamanho, diferindo quanto à utilização do enxerto de omento livre. Foi realizada cirurgia de ovariossalpingohisterectomia (OSH) em todos os animais, previamente à criação da ferida experimental para implantação ou não do enxerto omental. As feridas foram avaliadas nos dias 1, 2, 4, 8 e 15 do pós-operatório e a partir de então semanalmente, até nenhuma alteração ser observada. Foram anotados dados referentes à coloração, consistência, presença de crosta, resistência da ferida e medidas do volume. Nos resultados destacou-se a ativação do omento no quarto dia de avaliação, observada pelo aumento de volume, com redução de hemorragia e aumento na resistência da ferida experimental à tração. Conclui-se que o omento em sua forma livre sem anastomose é capaz de manter sua viabilidade e exercer influência positiva sobre o processo de reparo, sem demonstrar sinais deletérios sobre a região implantada.

The aim of this study was to report the efficacy of nitempiram against Cochiliomiyia hominivorax larvae in ocular myiasis in a naturally infested dog. A female Beagle dog with occular miyasis was attended. After care and clinical examination, was found involvement of the entire ocular and periocular region. The animal was treated with nitenpyram, with a dose of 4,7 mg/kg, orally, jointly with analgesic medication. The expulsion and fall of live and dead larvae were evaluated, which were quantified every 15 minutes in the first hour and thereafter at 2, 3, 4, 6, 18 hours after treatment and subsequent manual removal of the larvae. Overall effectiveness was calculated, the larval expulsion rate and the larvicidal effect of nitenpyram. In full there were 140 larvae in the lesion, from which 90 live larvae were expelled, 46 dead larvae and 4 dead larvae mechanically removed, presenting 100% overall effectiveness, with larval expulsion activity of 97.1% and larvicidal efficacy of 35.7%. Based on the results obtained in this case, it can be concluded that nitenpyram has a fast-acting and safe action under C. hominivorax larvae, proving be a pleasant alternative therapeutic alternative for the elimination of myiasis in orbital cavity of dogs.

Necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTI) are diseases that can affect the skin, subcutaneous tissue, superficial fascia, and occasionally, deep fascia, muscle tissue and adipose tissue. They present states of necrosis, which can lead to systemic toxicity and high rates of mortality. This paper describes the occurrence of a NSTI in a six year-old female beagle. The animal presented pain, areas of edema, erythema, loss of sensitivity and crepitations, in the right flank, from the dorso-lumbar area to the mammary gland. In the bacterial culture, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Group B Streptococcus, were isolated. The biopsy revealed necrotizing cellulites. Treatment was administered with ceftriaxone (50 mg/kg IV 12/12h), metronidazole (25 mg/kg 12/12h), and tramadol clorhidrate (4 mg/kg IV 8/8h). Wound treatment included extensive cleanings, every twelve hours, with warm diluted iodopovidone (0,01%) and compressive bandages. The diagnosis and early treatment of this disease allows a better prognosis for affected animals

Dermatobia hominis (D. hominis) is a botfly that causes furuncular myiasis in several species of domestic and wild animals. However, reports of feline infestation by larvae of this dipteran are rare.To report the natural occurrence of furuncular myiasis caused by D. hominis in five cats and the efficacy of topical fluralaner for its treatment.Five adult mixed-breed cats (four males, one female) were diagnosed and treated, all living in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.The cats were treated with topical fluralaner. After this treatment, the larvae were dead after 24 h in three cats and after 48 h in two. There was spontaneous expulsion of larvae in two cats, and it was necessary to perform manual expression for removal of dead larvae in the other three cats.Dermatobia hominis can cause furuncular myiasis in cats, although this appears to be less common than in other animal species. Topical fluralaner proved to be effective in the treatment of this parasitic disease.Dermatobia hominis (D. hominis) est un oestre qui cause une myiase furonculeuse chez plusieurs espèces d’animaux sauvages. Cependant des données sur l’infestation féline par les larves de ce diptère sont rares.Décrire le développement naturel de myiase furonculeuse causée par D. hominis chez cinq chats et l’efficacité de fluralaner topique comme traitement.Cinq chats adultes croisés (quatre males et une femelle) ont été diagnostiqués et traités, tous vivant dans l’état de Rio de Janeiro, Brésil. RÉSULTATS: Les chats ont été traités avec du fluralaner topique. Après ce traitement, les larves ont été tuées après 24h pour trois chats et après 48h pour ceux chats. Il y a eu une expulsion spontanée des larves de deux chats, et il a été nécessaire de réaliser un retrait manuel des larves mortes pour les trois autres chats.Dermatobia hominis peut causer une myiase furonculeuse chez le chat, bien qu’elle semble moins fréquente que dans d’autres espèces. Le fluralaner topique a prouvé son efficacité dans le traitement de cette maladie parasitaire.INTRODUCCIÓN: Dermatobia hominis (D. hominis) es una mosca común que causa miasis foruncular en varias especies de animales domésticos y salvajes. Sin embargo, los informes de infestación felina por larvas de este dípteros son raros. OBJETIVO: describir una miasis foruncular natural causada por D. hominis en cinco gatos y la eficacia del fluralaner tópico para su tratamiento. ANIMALES: se diagnosticaron y trataron cinco gatos adultos de raza mestiza (cuatro machos, una hembra), todos viviendo en el estado de Río de Janeiro, Brasil. RESULTADOS: los gatos fueron tratados con fluralaner tópico. Después de este tratamiento, las larvas murieron a las 24 h en tres gatos y a las 48 h en dos. Hubo expulsión espontánea de larvas en dos gatos, y fue necesario realizar una extracción manual para remover las larvas muertas en los otros tres gatos. CONCLUSIONES E IMPORTANCIA CLÍNICA: Dermatobia hominis puede causar miasis foruncular en gatos, aunque esto parece ser menos común que en otras especies animales. El fluralaner tópico demostró ser eficaz en el tratamiento de esta enfermedad parasitaria.Dermatobia hominis (D. hominis) ist eine Dasselfliege, die eine furunkulöse Myiasis bei verschiedenen domestizierten und wilden Tierspezies verursacht. Berichte über einen Befall dieser Zweiflügler Larven bei Katzen sind jedoch selten. ZIEL: Ein Bericht über das natürliche Auftreten einer furunkulösen Myiasis, verursacht durch D. hominis, bei fünf Katzen und die Wirksamkeit von topisch eingesetztem Fluralaner für ihre Behandlung.Fünf erwachsene Mischlingskatzen (vier männliche, eine weibliche), die alle im Staat Rio de Janeiro in Brasilien lebten, wurden diagnostiziert und behandelt.Die Katzen wurden topisch mit Fluralaner behandelt. Nach dieser Behandlung waren die Larven innerhalb von 24h bei drei und nach 48h bei zwei Katzen tot. Es bestand eine spontane Austreibung von Larven bei zwei Katzen und bei weiteren drei Katzen war es nötig, tote Larven manuell auszudrücken, um sie zu entfernen.Dermatobia hominis kann eine furunkulöse Myiasis bei Katzen verursachen, obwohl dies seltener vorzukommen scheint als bei anderen Tierspezies. Eine topische Verabreichung von Fluralaner zeigte sich als wirksame Behandlung dieser parasitären Erkrankung.背景: Dermatobia hominis(D. hominis) は、数種の家畜や野生動物に癤性蝿蛆症を引き起こすヒツジバエ科の蝿である。しかし、この双翅類の幼虫がネコに感染したという報告は稀である。 目的: 本研究の目的は、5頭の猫におけるD. hominisによる癤性蝿蛆症の自然発生およびその治療に対する外用フルララネルの有効性を報告することであった。 被験動物: ブラジルのリオデジャネイロ州に住む5頭のMIX成猫 (雄4頭、雌1頭) が診断され、治療を受けた。 結果: 猫たちはフルララネルの外用薬で治療した。この治療後、3頭の猫では24時間後に、2頭では48時間後に幼虫は死んでいた。2頭の猫では幼虫の自然排出があり、他の3頭の猫では死んだ幼虫の除去に用手介助を行う必要があった。 結論と臨床上の重要性: Dermatobia hominisは猫において癤性蝿蛆症を引き起こす可能性があるが, 他の動物種に比べてその頻度は低いようである。この寄生虫症の治療に外用フルララネルが有効であることがわかった。.背景: 人肤蝇(Dermatobia hominis,D.hominis)是一种引起几种家养和野生动物疖性蝇蛆病的肤蝇。然而, 猫被这种双翅目幼虫侵扰的报道很少。 目的: 报告5只猫自然发生人皮蝇引起的疖性蝇蛆病, 以及外用氟雷拉纳对其治疗的疗效。 动物: 诊断并治疗了5只成年杂种猫 (4只雄性, 1只雌性) , 均生活在巴西里约热内卢州。 结果: 猫接受氟雷拉纳外部治疗。治疗后24 h,3只猫身上的幼虫死亡, 48 h后2只猫身上的幼虫死亡。2只猫自发排出幼虫, 另3只猫需要进行人工挤压才能清除死亡幼虫。 结论和临床重要性: 人肤蝇可引起猫疖性蝇蛆病, 尽管这似乎不如其他动物种属常见。外用氟雷拉纳被证明对治疗这种寄生虫病有效。.Dermatobia hominis (D. hominis) é uma mosca que causa miíase furunculosa em diversas espécies de animais domésticos e selvagens. Entretanto, relatos de infestação em felinos por larvas deste díptero são raras.Relatar a ocorrência natural de miíase furunculosa causada por D. hominis em cinco gatos e a eficácia do fluralaner tópico no seu tratamento.Cinco gatos adultos sem raça definida (quatro machos, uma fêmea) foram diagnosticados e tratados, todos habitantes do estado do Rio de Janeiro.Os gatos foram tratados com fluralaner tópico. Após este tratamento, observou-se que as larvas estavam mortas após 24 horas em três gatos e após 48h em dois. Houve expulsão espontânea das larvas em dois gatos, e foi necessário realizar a expressão manual para a remoção das larvas mortas nos outros três gatos. CONCLUSÕES E IMPORTÂNCIA CLÍNICA: Dermatobia hominis pode causar miíase furunculosa em gatos, apesar disto ser aparentemente menos frequente que em outras espécies de animais. O fluralaner tópico demonstrou ter boa eficácia no tratamento desta doença parasitária.

Haematobia irritans é uma mosca de grande importância na pecuária bovina. É responsável por causar estresse crônico ao rebanho causando desconforto e levando a redução da produção de carne e leite e depreciação do couro. Também são responsáveis por transmitir vírus, bactéria e facilitar ao desenvolvimento de míiases. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia de um produto ectoparasiticida contendo a associação de cipermetrina, clorpirifós, butóxido de pireronila e fluazuron na formulação “pour on” no controle da mosca H. irritans em bovinos naturalmente infestados. Foram utilizados 30 bovinos, mestiços, sem distinção de sexo ou idade. Todos os animais incluídos no estudo apresentaram pelo menos 50 moscas adultas de H. irritans de ocorrência natural. Os animais do grupo tratado foram medicados com a associação de cipermetrina (5mg/kg), clorpirifós (7mg/kg), butóxido de pireronila (5mg/kg) e fluazuron (2,5mg/kg), na dose de 1ml para cada 10 quilos de peso vivo, pela via tópica (“pour on”) em dose única. A eficácia mosquicida foi avaliada um, três, sete, 14 e 21 dias após o tratamento, a partir da contagem de moscas adultas sobre os animais dos dois os grupos. A eficácia da associação testada neste estudo foi de 98,65%; 96,69%; 92,01%; 87,79% e 76,43% nos dias +1, +3, +7, +14 e +21 respectivamente. A associação de cipermetrina, clorpirifós, butóxido de piperonila e fluazuron na formulação “pour on” é eficaz no controle de H. irritans em bovinos naturalmente infestados.

Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a eficácia carrapaticida e pulicida de uma formulação “spot on” contendo a associação de fipronil 6,01% + permetrina 44,88%, no controle de Rhipicephalus sanguineus e Ctenocephalides felis felis em cães artificialmente infestados. Foram utilizados 12 cães da raça beagle, de ambos os sexos, com idade de dois a cinco anos, divididos em dois grupos: controle e tratado. Os cães foram infestados com 100 exemplares de C. felis felis e 50 exemplares de R. sanguineus. As infestações foram realizadas nos dias, -2, +5, +12, +19, +26, +33 para carrapato e com pulgas nos dias, -2+5, +12, +19, +26, +33, +40, +47+54. A avaliação da eficácia carrapaticida ocorreu nos dias +2, +7, +14, +21, +28, +35. A avaliação da eficácia pulicida seguiram nos dias +2, +7, +14, +21, +28, +35, +42, +49, +56 para pulgas. A eficácia carrapaticida foi de: 100%; 96,91%; 92,86%; 91,10%; 54,91% e 51,95% para os dias +2, +7, +14, +21, +28 e +35 respectivamente, enquanto a eficácia pulicida foi de 100% até o dia +28 e de 97,44% para do dia +35, 97,41% para o dia +42, 82,87% para o dia +49 e 75,00% para o dia +56. Com base nos resultados obtidos neste estudo é possível concluir que a associação de fipronil 6,01% e permetrina 44,88% foi eficaz para o controle de C. felis felis e R. sanguineus em cães artificialmente infestados.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a single dose of oral afoxolaner in controlling fleas in cats. Fourteen cats were used. The cats were given identification numbers, housed individually, artificially infested with Ctenocephalides felis felis, and treated (or not) with afoxolaner. Were divided into a treatment group and a control group (n = 7/group), on the basis of the fleas count hours after an infestation applied on Day (one-by-one allocation after ordering by count). At the start of the experimental protocol (designated day 0), the treated group received afoxolaner in a single dose of 2.5 mg/kg and the control group animals received a placebo. All animals were infested with 100 C. felis felis fleas two days before day 0, as well as on days 5, 12, 19, 26, 33, 40, 47, 54, and 63, parasite loads being evaluated at 48 h after each infestation. The efficacy of afoxolaner was 100% on day 2 and remained above 98% until day 42, decreasing to 95.3% by day 63. The findings confirm that a single dose of oral afoxolaner was effective in controlling C. felis felis in cats, and there were no observed adverse events.

Background Oclacitinib is a Janus kinase (JAK) 1 enzyme inhibitor and blocks JAK1-dependent cytokines and is used to control pruritus. Studies available in cats are very limited and as there is a potential role for oclacitinib in the control of pruritus in this specie, the aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and clinical effects of oral oclacitinib maleate in healthy cats. Results Thirty mixed-breed cats weighing from 2.1 to 5.3 kg each were randomly allocated to three treatment groups of 10 animals each. Cats in two groups received oclacitinib at 1 mg/kg or 2 mg/kg q 12 h orally for 28 days. Cats in the third group were given placebo tablets (cornstarch) q 12 h orally for 28 days. Oclacitinib maleate was well tolerated during the study and few adverse events were observed in treated cats. Clinical signs of toxicity were not observed in any animals treated at 1 mg/kg. Gastrointestinal clinical signs observed in the 2 mg/kg group included vomiting in two of the 10 cats and soft stools in two cats. One cat treated with placebo also exhibited soft stools. No significant differences were observed between the groups for hematologic analyses performed during the study. There was a slight increase in neutrophils and monocytes and a decrease in eosinophil mean counts in treated cats. Mean renal and liver enzymes remained normal throughout the entire study. A small, but significant increase in fructosamine levels was observed for both treated groups compared with placebo; however, values remained within the normal reference range. There were no significant difference between treated groups and the placebo group for urine specific gravity, pH, or urine protein to creatinine ratio mean values. Conclusions Oclacitinib maleate was well tolerated by cats at 1 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg and appeared to be safe for this species when administered orally twice daily for 28 days. More studies would be needed to demonstrate if oclacitinib maleate may be a suitable alternative to treat pruritic cats.

Lynxacarus radovskyi is a fur mite of cats. Several classes of ectoparasiticides have shown success for treatment, including an isoxazoline.To evaluate the efficacy of a single oral dose of sarolaner for the treatment of L. radovskyi mites in naturally infested cats.Fourteen adult cats (six males and eight females), naturally infested with L. radovskyi.Animals were randomized according to sex and average pretreatment mite count. The cats were assigned to two groups of seven cats each. The treated group received one 10 mg sarolaner tablet, corresponding to a dose of 2-4 mg/kg body weight, and the control group received no treatment. From each cat, three trichograms consisting of approximately 50 hairs each were collected from the dorsal neck, lateral thigh and perineum/tail region (total of nine samples per cat). The severity of infestation was scored on a scale of 0 (no parasites) to 4 (50 mites) at baseline and days 7, 15, 30, 45 and 60 post-treatment. Efficacy was compared between the treatment and control groups using the arithmetic mean reduction of the mite score; results were analysed using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Student-Newtman-Keuls test, with significance set at P 5%.The efficacy of oral sarolaner was95% at Day 30 post-treatment. Statistical differences were first observed between the means of the control and treated groups 15 days post-treatment.A single oral dose of sarolaner effectively eliminated L. radovskyi in most cats.Lynxacarus radovskyi est un acarien pilicole du chat. Plusieurs classes d’ectoparasiticides ont montré leur efficacité pour le traitement, dont une isoxazoline.Evaluer l’efficacité d’une dose unique de sarolaner pour le traitement de chats naturellement infestés par L. radovskyi.Quatorze chats adultes (six males et huit femelles), infestées naturellement par L. radovskyi. MATÉRIEL ET MÉTHODE: Les animaux ont été réparti au hasard selon leur âge, genre et comptage moyen d’acarien avant traitement. Les chats ont été assignés à deux groupes de sept chats. Le groupe traité a reçu un comprimé de 10mg de sarolaner, correspondant à la dose de 2-4 mg/kg de poids corporel, et le groupe contrôle n’a reçu aucun traitement. Pour chaque chat, trois trichogrammes, d’environ 50 poils chacun, ont été prélevés sur le dos, la face latérale de la cuisse et la région de la queue/périnée (total de neufs échantillons par chat). La sévérité de l’infestation a été notée sur une échelle de 0 (pas de parasite) à 4 (50 acariens) à J0 et à jours 7, 15, 30, 45 et 60 après traitement. L’efficacité a été comparée entre les groupes traitement et contrôle à l’aide d’un score de diminution du nombre moyen d’acarien ; les résultats ont été analysés par le test de Kruskal-Wallis suivi d’un test de Student-Newtman-Keuls avec test significatif à P5%. RÉSULTATS: L’efficacité de sarolaner oral était95% à jour 30 après traitement. Les différences statistiques ont été observées entre les moyennes des groupes contrôle et traitement dès 15 jours après traitement.Une dose orale unique de sarolaner élimine efficacement L. radovskyi chez le plupart des chats.INTRODUCCIÓN: Lynxacarus radovskyi es un ácaro de los gatos. Varias clases de ectoparasiticidas han demostrado éxito para el tratamiento, incluida una isoxazolina. OBJETIVOS: evaluar la eficacia de una dosis oral única de sarolaner para el tratamiento de los ácaros L. radovskyi en gatos infestados de forma natural. ANIMALES: Catorce gatos adultos (seis machos y ocho hembras), naturalmente infestados con L. radovskyi. MÉTODOS Y MATERIALES: los animales se distribuyeron al azar según el sexo y el recuento promedio de ácaros previos al tratamiento. Los gatos fueron asignados a dos grupos de siete gatos cada uno. El grupo tratado recibió una tableta de sarolaner de 10 mg, correspondiente a una dosis de 2-4 mg/kg de peso corporal, y el grupo control no recibió tratamiento. De cada gato, se recogieron tres tricogramas que constaban de aproximadamente 50 pelos cada uno del cuello dorsal, el muslo lateral y la región del perineo/cola (un total de nueve muestras por gato). La gravedad de la infestación se calificó en una escala de 0 (sin parásitos) a 4 (50 ácaros) al inicio del estudio y los días 7, 15, 30, 45 y 60 después del tratamiento. La eficacia se comparó entre los grupos de tratamiento y control utilizando la reducción media aritmética de la valoración de ácaros; los resultados fueron analizados usando la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis seguida de la prueba de Student-Newtman-Keuls, con un significación estadística establecida en P5%. RESULTADOS: la eficacia del sarolaner oral fue95% en el día 30 posterior al tratamiento. Las diferencias estadísticas se observaron por primera vez entre las medias del control y los grupos tratados 15 días después del tratamiento. CONCLUSIÓN: una dosis oral única de sarolaner elimina eficazmente L. radovskyi en la mayoría de los gatos.Lynxacarus radovskyi ist die Fellmilbe der Katze. Mehrere Ektoparasitika Klassen, inklusive der Isoxazoline haben einen Behandlungserfolg gezeigt.Eine Evaluierung der Wirksamkeit einer einzigen Dosis von Sarolaner per os zur Behandlung von L. radovskyi Milben bei natürlich infizierten Katzen.Vierzehn erwachsene Katzen (sechs männlich und acht weiblich), die natürlich mit L. radovskyi infiziert waren.Die Tiere wurden entsprechend ihrem Geschlecht und einer durchschnittlichen Milbenzählung vor der Behandlung randomisiert. Die Katzen wurden in zwei Gruppen mit jeweils sieben Katzen eingeteilt. Die behandelte Gruppe erhielt eine 10mg Sarolaner Tablette, was einer Dosis von 2-4 mg/kg Körpergewicht entspricht, während die Kontrollgruppe keine Behandlung erhielt. Von jeder Katze wurden drei Trichogramme mit jeweils etwa 50 Haaren erstellt, die vom dorsalen Hals, den lateralen Schenkeln und der Perineum/Schwanzregion (insgesamt neun Proben pro Katze) entnommen wurden. Das Ausmaß des Befalls wurde auf einer Skala von 0 (keine Parasiten) bis 4 (50 Milben) am Tag 0 sowie an den Tagen 7, 15, 30, 45 und 60 nach der Behandlung beurteilt. Die Wirksamkeit zwischen Behandlungs- und Kontrollgruppe wurde mittels arithmetischer durchschnittlicher Reduktion der Milbenwerte verglichen; die Ergebnisse wurden mittels Kruskal-Wallis Test gefolgt von einem Student-Newtman-Keuls Test analysiert, wobei eine Signifikanz von P5% festgestellt wurde.Die Wirksamkeit von Sarolaner per os lag bei95% am Tag 30 nach der Behandlung. Die ersten statistischen Unterschiede wurden zwischen den Durchschnittswerten der Kontrollen und der behandelten Gruppe am Tag 15 nach der Behandlung festgestellt.Eine einzige Sarolaner Dosis per os eliminiert L. radovskyi effektiv bei den meisten Katzen.背景: 猫毛螨是一种猫的皮毛螨虫。已显示几类杀外寄生虫剂有治疗效果，包括异恶唑啉。 目的: 评价单次经口给予沙罗拉纳治疗猫自然感染猫毛螨的有效性。 动物: 14只成年猫（6只雄性和8只雌性），自然感染猫毛螨。 方法和材料: 根据性别和平均治疗前螨虫计数，对动物进行随机分组。将猫分为两组，每组7只。治疗组给予1片10 mg沙罗拉纳，相当于2-4mg/kg的剂量，对照组不给药。从每只猫的颈部背侧、大腿外侧和会阴/尾部各采集 3组毛发，每组约含50根（每只猫共 9 个样本）进行毛发检查。在基线和治疗后第7、15、30、45和60 天，根据感染的严重程度进行评分，给出0（无寄生虫）至4（50个螨虫）分。使用平均数减去螨虫评分，来比较治疗组和对照组之间的有效性；使用 Kruskal-Wallis 检验和 Student-Newtman-Keuls 检验分析结果，显著性设定为P5%。 结果: 给药后第30天，口服沙罗拉纳的有效性95%。治疗后15天，首次观察到对照组和治疗组平均值之间存在统计学差异。 结论: 单次经口给予沙罗拉纳可有效消除大多数猫的猫毛螨。.背景: Lynxacarus radovskyiは猫柔毛ダニである。イソキサゾリンを含むいくつかの外部寄生虫駆除剤が治療の成功を示している。 目的: 本研究の目的は、自然寄生の猫のL. radovskyiダニ治療に対するサロラネルの単回経口投与の有効性を評価することであった。 被験動物: L. radovskyiが自然発生した14頭の成猫（オス6頭およびメス8頭）。 材料と方法: 動物を性別および平均前処理ダニ数に従って無作為化した。猫をそれぞれ7頭2グループに割り当てた。治療群は、2〜4 mg / kg体重の用量に相当する10 mgのサロラネル錠1錠を投与され、対照群は治療を受けなかった。各猫から背骨、大腿外側、会陰/尾部からそれぞれ約50本の毛で構成される3つのトリコグラムを収集した（猫あたり合計9つのサンプル）。寄生の重症度は、ベースライン時および治療後7、15、30、45および60日目に0（寄生虫なし）〜4（50ダニ）のスケールでスコア付けされた。ダニスコアの算術平均減少を使用して、治療群と対照群の間で有効性を比較した。結果は、Kruskal-Wallis検定に続いてStudent-Newtman-Keuls検定を使用して解析し、有意性はP5％に設定した。 結果: 経口サロラネルの有効性は、治療後30日目で95％以上であった。最初に対照群および治療群の平均値間における統計的差異は、治療後15日で観察された。 結論: サロラネルを1回経口投与すると、ほとんどの猫でL. radovskyiが効果的に排除される。.Lynxacarus radovskyi é um ácaro que parasita a pelagem de gatos. Várias classes de ectoparasiticidas demonstraram sucesso no tratamento, incluindo uma isoxazolina.Avaliar a eficácia de uma dose única de sarolaner por via oral no tratamento de ácaros L. radovskyi em gatos naturalmente infestados.Quatorze gatos adultos (seis machos e oito fêmeas), naturalmente infestados por L. radovskyi. MÉTODOS E MATERIAIS: Os animais foram randomizados de acordo com o sexo e média da contagem de ácaros no pré-tratamento. Os gatos foram divididos em dois grupos de sete animais cada. O grupo tratado recebeu um comprimido de 10 mg de sarolaner, correspondendo a uma dose de 2-4 mg / kg de peso corporal, e o grupo controle não recebeu tratamento. De cada gato, foram coletados três tricogramas com aproximadamente 50 pelos cada, do pescoço dorsal, região lateral da coxa e região do períneo / cauda (total de nove amostras por gato). A gravidade da infestação foi pontuada em uma escala de 0 (sem parasitas) a 4 (50 ácaros) no dia zero e nos dias 7, 15, 30, 45 e 60 após o tratamento. A eficácia foi comparada entre os grupos de tratamento e controle utilizando a redução da média aritmética do escore do ácaro; os resultados foram analisados usando o teste de Kruskal-Wallis seguido pelo teste de Student-Newtman-Keuls, com significância estabelecida de P5%.A eficácia do sarolaner por via oral foi95% no dia 30 após o tratamento. As diferenças estatísticas foram observadas primeiro entre as médias dos grupos controle e tratado 15 dias após o tratamento. CONCLUSÃO: Uma dose única de sarolaner por via oral elimina efetivamente L. radovskyi na maioria dos gatos.

The objective of this study was to correlate the hematologic changes and serum proteins with parasitism by Ancylostoma sp. in dogs. 50 dogs naturally infected with Ancylostoma sp. were used without distinction of sex, from one to six years of age, belonging to the Experimental Chemotherapy Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of UFRRJ. Stool samples were collected and these were identified and was carried out egg counts per gram of faeces. Also, blood samples were collected for the realization of the complete blood count and levels of total protein, albumin, and globulin. The results were tabulated and submitted to Spearman correlation test with 5% significance. Of animals evaluated, 42% showed a reduction in the amounts of red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit consequently were anemic. The eosinophilia was observed in 66% of evaluated animals and 28% had hypoalbuminemia. The correlation was found between the parasitism by Ancylostoma sp. and the development of anemia, eosinophilia, and hypoalbuminemia. Therefore, it can be concluded from these results that the parasitism by this nematode causes anemia, eosinophilia, and hypoalbuminemia O objetivo deste trabalho foi de correlacionar as alterações hematológicas e na concentração sérica de proteínas com o parasitismo por Ancylostoma sp. em cães. Foram utilizados 50 cães naturalmente infectados por Ancylostoma sp., sem distinção de sexo, de 1 a 6 anos de idade, pertencentes ao Laboratório de Quimioterapia Experimental em Parasitologia Veterinária da UFRRJ. Foram coletadas amostras de fezes e estas foram identificadas e foi realizada a contagem de ovos por grama de fezes. Também foram coletadas amostras de sangue para a realização do hemograma completo e dosagem de proteína total, albumina e globulina. Os resultados obtidos foram tabulados e submetidos ao teste de correlação de Spearman com 5% de significância. Dos animais avaliados, 42% mostram redução nos valores de hemácias, hemoglobina e hematócrito, consequentemente eram anêmicos. A eosinofilia foi observada em 66% dos animais avaliados e 28% apresentaram hipoalbuminemia. Foi encontrada correlação entre o parasitismo por Ancylostoma sp. e o desenvolvimento de anemia, eosinofilia e hipoalbuminemia. Portanto, pode se concluir com esses resultados que o parasitismo por esse nematoide causa anemia, eosinofilia e hipoalbuminemia.

Afoxolaner is a drug belonging to the isoxazolines' family, and it is recommended for ectoparasite control in dogs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of afoxolaner in the treatment of otodectic mange in naturally infested cats. Sixteen cats were divided into two groups (treated and control). The treated group (n = 8) underwent a single oral presentation of afoxolaner at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg. The control group (n = 8) received no antiparasitic treatment. The detection of mite infestations were performed by video otoscopy before the medication, 48 h after the medication and at weekly intervals up to 35 days after treatment (+7, +14, +21, +28, +35). In the treated group, the animals were negative for the presence of the mite 48 h after the medication and throughout the evaluation period. The control group remained positive throughout the experiment, demonstrating 100% efficacy (p 0.05) for the treated cats naturally infested with Otodectes cynotis in a single dose over a period of 35 days. The animals were reintroduced into their natural habitat, allowed to regain contact with other cats and then reassessed for possible reinfestation. It was found that afoxolaner was effective in the treatment of otodectic mange the animals presented no adverse reaction to the use of afoxolaner.

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for the occurrence of endoparasitosis in dogs and cats in Espirito Santo, Brazil. For the study, 345 dogs and 160 cats were examined. Faecal samples from the animals were collected, and owners were interviewed about their handling of their animals. For the diagnosis of the infections, the Willis-Molley, simple centrifugal flotation and formalin-ether sedimentation techniques were performed. The data found in the tests were tabulated and analysed with a chi-square test (p

During a seroepidemiological survey 2004–2006 from areas in Brazil endemic for American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL), serum samples from 10 dogs with ulcerated cutaneous lesions (S-ACL) and 52 asymptomatic dogs (AS-ACL) of unknown age and breed living in areas endemic for ACL were monitored for 1 year for ulcerated cutaneous lesions and immunoblotting using peroxidase-conjugated secondary anti-IgG, anti-IgG1 and anti-IgG2 dog antibodies. We reported that antibodies against Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis in the sera of 22/52 dogs with asymptomatic disease showed intense reactivity to peptides larger than 66 kDa. We believe that dogs harboring subclinical amastigotes show an immunoblotting profile similar to that of symptomatic animals because a dog with self-healing presented antigens greater than 66 kDa. Such patterns can be exploited for diagnostic and epidemiological research for leishmaniasis. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.