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espanolEl presente estudio es de tipo empirico con un diseno cuasi-experimental de casos y controles cuyo proposito fue explorar el peso del afecto negativo (rasgo) y los dominios de los esquemas maladaptativos tempranos como indicadores de variables de personalidad asociados al trastorno depresivo. El grupo de casos estuvo conformado por 238 pacientes psiquiatricos con diagnostico de Trastorno Depresivo Mayor y 236 personas de la comunidad general sin este diagnostico. Los pacientes presentaron niveles mas altos de afecto negativo rasgo y mayores puntuaciones en los dominios de esquemas maladaptativos tempranos en comparacion con los controles. El analisis de regresion logistica mostro que la afectividad negativa explica un 59% y los dominios un 48% del trastorno depresivo. Estos resultados apoyan la dimensionalidad del modelo alternativo de clasificacion de los trastornos de personalidad del dsm-5, asi como el mantenimiento del debate del trastorno depresivo de la personalidad. EnglishThe current case-control study used a quasi-experimental design to explore the role that negative affectivity (as a trait) and the five domains of early maladaptive schemas have as personality variables related to depressive disorders. A secondary analysis of data was carried out in a case-control sample conformed by 238 psychiatric patients diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder and 236 individuals without this diagnosis. Patients showed significantly greater levels of negative affectivity as a trait for both anxiety and depression, along with significantly higher scores in the five domains of early maladaptive schemas compared to healthy individuals. A binary logistic regression analysis showed that a negative affectivity model explains 59% of the variance of depression, while a model of early maladaptive schema domains explains 48%. These findings favor the dimensional approach of the dsm-5 alternate classification model of personality disorders, as well as the possibility of reconsidering a depressive personality disorder diagnosis.

Depression, anxiety and anger trait have been shown to be factors related to poor prognosis in patients with cardiovascular disease. A sample of 168 patients with ischemic heart disease that have had a cardiac event in the last month (age: Mean = 64 years, SD = 11; 66.7 % men) was evaluated to verify the existence of negative affect as a common factor among the previous emotions in these patients. Patients answered the Spielberger depression, anxiety and anger trait questionnaires. Exploratory factorial analyses were carried out to confirm the factorial structure of the scales. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the existence of negative affect as a higher order factor (X 2 = 3.42, p > .05; CFI > .95, TLI > .95, SRMS < .05). These results suggest that it is important to consider dimensional models for the treatment of emotions in this population. La depresión, la ansiedad y la ira rasgo han evidenciado ser factores asociados a un peor pronóstico de los pacientes con enfermedad cardiovascular. En el presente estudio se evaluó una muestra de 168 pacientes con cardiopatía isquémica que habían tenido un evento cardíaco en el último mes (edad media = 64 años, DT = 11; 66.7 % hombres) para contrastar la existencia del afecto negativo como factor común entre la depresión, la ansiedad y la ira rasgo. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron las escalas rasgo de los cuestionarios de depresión, ansiedad e ira de Spielberger. Como resultado, los análisis factoriales exploratorios realizados confirmaron la estructura factorial de todas escalas, y el análisis factorial confirmatorio corroboró la existencia del afecto negativo como factor de orden superior (X2 = 3.42, p > .05; CFI > .95, TLI > .95, SRMS < .05). Los resultados de este estudio señalan la importancia de considerar modelos dimensionales para el abordaje de la emoción en esta población. A depressão-traço, a ansiedade-traço e a ira-traço mostraram evidências de que são fatores associados a um prognóstico pior dos pacientes com doença cardiovascular. No presente estudo, avaliou-se uma amostra de 168 pacientes com cardiopatia isquêmica que tinham sofrido um evento cardíaco no último mês (idade média = 64 anos, DP = 11; 66.7 % homens) para contrastar a existência do efeito negativo como fator comum entre a depressão, a ansiedade e a ira-traço. Os instrumentos utilizados foram as escalas traço dos questionários de depressão, ansiedade e ira de Spielberger. Como resultado, as análises fatoriais exploratórias realizadas confirmaram a estrutura fatorial de todas as escalas, e a análise fatorial confirmatória corroborou a existência o efeito negativo como fator de ordem superior (X2 = 3.42, p > .05; CFI > .95, TLI > .95, SRMS < .05 ). Os resultados deste estudo assinalam a importância de considerar modelos dimensionais para a abordagem da emoção nessa população.

The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in ex-combatants from illegal armed groups in Colombia has been estimated at 37.4%. This high prevalence indicates a need to explore alternative and adjunctive therapies in the treatment of PTSD. A randomized controlled trial was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a protocol based on Satyananda Yoga® in PTSD-diagnosed reintegrating adults in Colombia. One hundred reintegrating adults (n = 50 for each of the yoga and control arms) from Bogota and Medellin participated in this study. Yoga participants engaged in a Satyananda Yoga intervention for 16 weeks while the control group continued the regular demobilization program. The Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist - Civilian Version (PCL-C) was used to evaluate the effects of the applied therapy. Outcomes were assessed before entry and after the treatment. T-tests revealed a treatment effect of d = 1.15 for the yoga group and a between-groups effect size of d = .73. The difference in improvement in PCL-C scores between both groups was 18.91% (p < 0.05). The highest percentage of improvement was observed in the re-experiencing symptom cluster (23.71%; p < 0.05), with a treatment effect of d = 1.40 for the yoga group and a between-groups effect size of d = 1.15. The data suggest that Satyananda Yoga methodology is an effective therapy for reintegrating adults diagnosed with PTSD. Further research is needed in order to evaluate prolonged effects of this alternative therapy.