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The high prevalence of stunting is caused by poor parenting. Data from the Health Profile of Bengkulu Province in 2019 showed that as many as 700 toddlers experienced stunting in Seluma Regency, and as many as 35 cases of toddlers experienced stunting in the working area of the Babatan Health Center. This study aims to obtain an overview of the parenting pattern of stunting in Air Petai Village, Sukaraja District, Seluma Regency. This study uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. Sources of data were obtained through in-depth interviews, observation, and document review. The informants of this study consisted of the main informants, namely 6 mothers with stunting toddlers, and 2 supporting informants, namely the Posyandu Cadre in Air Petai Village and nutrition practitioners (TPG) at the Babatan Health Center. The results showed that early initiation of breastfeeding was not applied to all toddlers. Some informants do not breastfeed until the child is 2 years old. The informant thought that if breast milk was given until the age of 2 years, it would be difficult to do weaning. Some informants often forget to wash their hands before feeding their children because they are busy taking care of the household. Health workers and Posyandu cadres hoped can carry out health promotions to mothers in Air Petai Village regarding good parenting, especially to pregnant and lactating women.

CEDs in pre-pregnancy and pregnant women have an impact on the birth of Intra Uterine Growth Retardation (IUGR) children, Low Birth Weight (LBW) and stunting, so that SEZ problems in pregnant women need to be improved through nutritional assistance. The study aims to prove the effect of nutritional assistance on CED pregnant women on changes in knowledge, attitudes and actions in fulfilling nutrition. The study was carried out in the cities of Bengkulu and Bandar Lampung with a quasi-experimental design carried out by health cadres who had been trained to assist pregnant women with CED to carry out health promotion and monitor consumption of Supplementary Feeding Programme (SFP) and Fe Tablet consumption for 3 months. Changes in knowledge, attitudes and actions in nutritional fulfillment were analyzed by different mean and independent samples. The results of the study found that effective nutrition assistance to increase knowledge, positive attitudes and actions of CED pregnant women in fulfilling nutrition. After mentoring there was a significant increase in the average knowledge score, attitudes and actions of CED pregnant women in both the City of Bengkulu and in Bandar Lampung. Need continuous nutrition assistance for CED pregnant women so that behavioral changes and fulfillment of balanced nutrition occur during pregnancy and postpartum.

Stunting is a cumulative process and is caused by insufficient intake of nutrients or recurrent infectious diseases or both. Stunting can also occur before birth and is caused by very poor nutritional intake during pregnancy, eating patterns that are very lacking, low quality of food in line with the frequency of infectious diseases so that it can inhibit growth (UNICEF, 2012). This type of research was descriptive analytic. The study design was cross-sectional consisting of 58 samples of toddlers 24-59 months in the work area of Sumber Urip Health Center Rejang Lebong Regency in 2018. Data were collected in the form of nutritional status data TB/U using microtoice tools, energy intake, macro and micronutrients using questionnaires 2x24 hour recall. Toddlers 24-59 months who experienced stunting were 17 people (29.3%) and normal ones were 41 people (70.7%). The incidence of stunts was largely due to a lack of energy intake, and zinc. The results of this study indicate that there was a significant relationship between energy intake, macronutrients, and zinc with the incidence of stunting in infants.

One of the nutritional problems that occur is overweight. The level of knowledge nutrition in an adolescent is one of the factors that can affect the occurrence of obesity in adolescents. Most occurrences of nutritional problems are more or less avoidable if adolescents have sufficient knowledge and attitudes about maintaining nutrition and managing food. This research was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-post test with control group design. The subjects of this study were overweight adolescents totaling 40 people, the intervention group received education through audiovisual media while the control group with leaflets. The results showed the average value of knowledge and attitudes of adolescents after and before being given education for Leaflet groups were the average value of knowledge before 8.60 and after 9.48, attitudes value before 36.58 and after 40.38. While audiovisual media groups, the average value of knowledge before 8.83 and after 9.42, values for attitudes before 36.45 and after 39.65. There was an influence of education by using audiovisual media and leaflets to increase the knowledge and attitudes of overweight adolescents. Suggestions for schools to be able to use audiovisual media and leaflets as a medium to educate nutrition about students in schools so that they can apply daily life and remind each other to lose weight and live healthy lives.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the sixth highest cause of death in Indonesia. Thus, it must be prevented and overcome with appropriate management. This study aimed to determine the contribution of physiological factors and physical activities to the incidence of T2DM. The study used a cohort retrospective design using secondary data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) from 2007 to 2014, which included a sample of 14,517 people involved for more than 20 years. Data analysis was performed using multiple logistic regressions. The results revealed a 3.8% incidence of T2DM in Indonesia. Record of hypertension risk increased the likelihood of T2DM by 1.7 times compared to without hypertension. A normal body mass index (BMI) increased the risk by 2.2 times, a higher BMI at 5.5 times, and BMI whose risk obesity was 7 times had greater likelihood of having T2DM compared with respondents with a thin BMI. After controlling for sex, age, marital status, record of parents’ DM, residence, employment, and education, results also indicated that people with less active physical activity were likely to have T2DM compared to those who were very active. Controlling blood pressure, maintaining a normal BMI, and increasing physical activity since adolescence can prevent T2DM.

The high prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 one risk factor is an unhealthy lifestyle, especially an unhealthy diet and lack of physical activity. Education followed by physical activity required to provide benefits to the body as a way of exercise can lower blood sugar. The recommended physical activity such as gymnastics, Gymnastics is aerobic physical exercise with a series of movements in a way to follow the rhythm of the music. The study aims to determine the effect of diet and exercise education on blood sugar levels in people with type 2 dm in Bengkulu City Puskesmas Lingkar Timur years 2018. This quasi-experimental research design.consists of 30 intervention and 30 control group. Gymnastics held 3 times a week for 1 week and education 1 time for 1 week, with an examination of the blood sugar levels of pretest and posttest. Data collection equipment consists of glucometers and bathroom scales and microtoice. The used statistical test Chi-Square test, t-dependent, and t-independent. The results of the study the characteristics of most women, age range 40-70 years intervention group and a control group 32-79 years, the average BMI in the intervention group is 24.21 m2 and 24.33 m2 in the control group, the intervention group showed that the levels of blood sugar before an average of 271.90 mg/dl, while the results of the blood sugar level after an average of 225.93 mg/dl. in the control group blood sugar levels before an average of 278.27 mg/dl whereas the blood sugar level results after an average of 285.67 mg/dl. Based on the statistical test that no educational influence diet and exercise on blood sugar levels in patients with type 2 dm p-value of 0.002. Expected to Type 2 diabetic patient's diet, increasing exercise and increased activity at home.

The problem of overweight and obesity in various worlds is increasing rapidly. The national prevalence in Indonesia in an adolescent age group is 10.8% (8.3% obesity and 2.5% obesity) caused by inadequate knowledge of nutrition. This study aims to determine the effect of Nutrition Education on changes in body weight of overweight and obese adolescents in SMP Negeri 2 Kota Bengkulu. The type of research is quasi-experimental with pretest and posttest design with control group design. The sample of the study was 11-13 year old teenagers with 44 people using consecutive sampling technique and using Mann-Whitney test and Ancova test. The results showed changes in the mean body weight of adolescents before the intervention of 61.23 kg and the mean body weight of adolescents after being given 61.89 kg of education with the difference in body weight change is only 0.66 kg. There were no significant differences in mean changes in adolescent weight before and after Nutrition Education (p=0.307). Factors that affect Weight Change is pocket money (p=0.044). Parents are expected to manage pocket money so that children can minimize the purchase of snacks that can lead to obesity.

The high prevalence of stunting is influenced by nutritional intake. Iodine is an important micronutrient for growth. Bengkulu City is located along coastal area, hence it has potentially high iodine food sources. However, stunting prevalence was still high. This was a cross-sectional study conducted from March to July 2016 which aimed to determine the relationship between iodine consumption and linear growth of children under five years old in Malabero coastal area of Bengkulu City. The population were children aged 2-5 years old with a sample of 73 children. Measurement of linear growth was based on AHZ index using microtoice with capacity of 200 cm and accuracy of 0.1 cm. Iodine intake was measured based on semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). The results showed that 71.2% of children under five years old did not had sufficient iodine consumption with average percentage of iodine sufficiency 47.7% ± 0.456. There were 53.5% of children under five years old who experienced stunting. Low iodine consumption was shown to be associated with stunting. There were 73.1% children under five years old with insufficient iodine intake who were stunted while only 4.8% children under five years old with sufficient iodine intake who were stunted.

Population increase in adolescence are associated with increased overweight and obesity problems. If this problem not early intervention will have an impact on increasing hypertension prevalence and risk of death. This research aimed to explain the consequences of overweight and obesity in adolescent to hypertension in adults. The study used Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) data with a retrospective cohort study. Adolescent BMI measurements on 2007 and the risk of hypertension on 2014. Population are all adolescents aged 10-20 years in 2007. Sample of 1,697 adolescent who randomly IFLS 2007 with the inclusion criteria: biological children and a single birth, children living with biological parents, children remain alive until adulthood on 2014. Multivariate analysis used logistic regression. The study found 8.1% women and 5.6% men were overweight and obes. In adulthood, there was a 45.4% incidence of hypertension. Incidence of hypertension in men (67.3%) more than women (26.8%). The multivariate model showed adolescence BMI affects the blood pressure after controlled the BMI adult, adolescence blood pressure, area of residence, and gender.Gender interacts with adolescence BMI. The risk of hypertension in adulthood based on overweight and obese in adolescent boys is 3 times and girls is 2 times.

Prevalensi panjang badan lahir pendek di Indonesia masih tinggi dan menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang disebabkan oleh pelbagai faktor secara langsung dan tidak langsung serta berdampak luas dan berkelanjutan dalam siklus kehidupan. Penelitian menggunakan data Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2013 dengan pendekatan potong lintang bertujuan mengetahui mekanisme hubungan berbagai variabel laten terhadap prevalensi panjang badan lahir pendek. Sampel adalah 497 kabupaten yang diagregat dari data individu, yaitu anak lahir dari ibu berusia 15 hingga 49 tahun dengan kriteria anak kandung dan lahir tunggal. Pemodelan menggunakan Structural Equation Modelling. Kehamilan berisiko tinggi berhubungan positif langsung dengan prevalensi panjang badan lahir pendek (r = 0,279; nilai p = 0,014). Pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan berhubungan positif tidak langsung dengan prevalensi panjang badan lahir pendek melalui kehamilan berisiko tinggi (r = 0,135; nilai p = 0,029). Sosial ekonomi tidak berhubungan signifikan dengan prevalensi panjang badan lahir pendek (r = -0,087; nilai p = 0,156), namun akan berhubungan bila melalui mekanisme hubungan pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan (r = 0,653; nilai p = 0,0001) dan kehamilan berisiko tinggi (r = 0,759; nilai p = 0,0001). Upaya intervensi perlu difokuskan pada pencegahan kehamilan berisiko tinggi melalui perbaikan status gizi dan kesehatan ibu sejak usia remaja untuk menurunkan prevalensi panjang badan lahir pendek. Mechanism of Socio-Economic, Health Services Use and High Risk Pregnancy Relations to The Prevalence of Short Birth Length The prevalence of short birth length in Indonesia still high and it becomes a public health problem caused by any direct and indirect factors as well as having a wide and sustainable effect in life cycle. The study used Basic health system (Riskesdas) 2013 data with a cross-sectional approach aiming to find out the mechanism of the relation between any latent variables to the short birth length prevalence. Samples were 497 districts aggregated from individual data that were children children born by 15 - 49 year-old mothers with biological children and single birth criteria. The modelling used Structural Equation Modeling. High-risk pregnancy had a direct positive relation with the prevalence of short birth length (r = 0.279; p value= 0.014). The use of health services had an indirect positive relation with short birth length prevalence through high-risk pregnancy (r = 0.135; p value= 0.029). Social economy did not have any significant relation with the prevalence of short birth length (r = -0.087; p value = 0.156), but would be related if through the mechanism of health service use (r = 0.653 ; p value = 0.0001) and high-risk pregnancy (r = 0.759 ; p value = 0.0001). Efforts of intervention need to be focused on prevention of high-risk pregnancy through improvement of nutritional and health status of mothers since teenager in order to reduce short birth length prevalence.

Usia remaja merupakan salah satu kelompok umur rentan terhadap masalah gizi sebagai akibat riwayat lahir dan status gizi buruk sebelumnya yang konsekuensinya buruk dalam daur hidup berikutnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan data Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) dengan desain studi longitudinal, bertujuan memperoleh model prediksi IMT remaja berdasarkan riwayat lahir dan status gizi anak. Sampel berjumlah 837 balita dipilih secara multistage random sampling. Riwayat lahir diukur dari berat lahir dan umur kehamilan. Pengukuran status gizi dilakukan mulai balita sampai remaja (15 - 19 tahun). Analisis menggunakan regresi logistik multinomial. Rata-rata berat lahir bayi perempuan 147 gram lebih rendah dibandingkan bayi laki-laki. Terdapat 7,4% berat bayi lahir rendah, dengan prevalensi tertinggi pada perempuan (9,3%). Terdapat masalah gizi ganda pada balita yaitu 47% stunting, 29,7% underweight, 10% wasting, dan 13,9% gemuk/obesitas. Sebesar 51,7% balita mengalami gangguan pertumbuhan dengan stunting sebagai kontribusi terbesar. Risiko remaja gemuk/obesitas diprediksi dari kelahiran prematur, stunting usia 8 - 12 tahun, dan gemuk/obesitas usia 8 - 12 tahun. Risiko remaja kurus diprediksi dari IMT kurus saat berusia 5 - 9 tahun dan usia 8 - 12 tahun. Perlu intervensi yang diprioritaskan pada remaja perempuan untuk mencegah kelahiran prematur dan fetal programming, serta evaluasi program Pemberian Makan Tambahan (PMT) pada balita yang lebih memfokuskan pada penambahan berat badan tanpa mempertimbangkan tinggi badan. Adolescents is one of the age groups vulnerable to nutritional problems as a result of poor birth history and nutritional status, and then have bad consequences the next life cycle. Research using data Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) with longitudinal study designs to predict adolescent body mass index based on the history of birth and child nutritional status. Sample consisted of 837 children selected by multistage random sampling. History of birth measured from birth weight and gestational age. Measurement of nutritional status was conducted from under five years children to adolescence (15 - 19 years). Analysis using multinomial logistic regression. Average birth weight women 147 grams lower than men. There is a 7.4% LBW, with the highest prevalence in women (9.3%). There are multiple nutritional problems are 47 % stunting, 29.7% underweight, 10% wasting, and 13.9% overweight/ obesity. 51.7% of children under five years of growth faltering, stunting as the highest contribution. The risk of overweight/ obesity adolescent can be predicted from the premature birth, stunted aged 8 - 12 years, and overweight/ obese aged 8 - 12 years. Risk of underweight adolescents predicted from underweight aged 5 - 9 years and 8 - 12 years. It should be prioritized intervention in young women to prevent preterm birth, as well as the evaluation of the supplementary feeding programs are more focused on weight gain without considering the height.

Angka kematian neonatal Indonesia menduduki peringkat ke-10 tertinggi di dunia disebabkan kejadian bayi dengan berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR) yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh berat lahir terhadap kelangsungan hidup neonatal. Penelitian dengan desain studi kohort retrospektif ini menggunakan sumber data sekunder Survei Demografi Kesehatan Indonesia tahun 2007. Sampel meliputi 11.748 bayi yang memenuhi kriteria anak terakhir lahir hidup, lahir tunggal, dan saat wawancara berumur minimal 28 hari. Probabilitas kumulatif kelangsungan hidup neonatal di Indonesia adalah 98,49% dan cenderung semakin rendah sesuai dengan berat lahir, pada neonatal dengan berat lahir rendah adalah 95,68% dan neonatal berat lahir sangat rendah adalah 89,83%. Berat lahir berinteraksi dengan paritas ibu. Artinya, pengaruh berat lahir terhadap kelangsungan hidup neonatal berbeda berdasarkan paritas ibu. Bayi BBLR dari ibu paritas multipara dan grande multipara berisiko 2,9 kali dan 3,9 kali untuk mengalami kematian pada periode neonatal dibandingkan bayi lahir dengan berat normal. Disarankan untuk melakukan intervensi dini mencegah bayi lahir BBLR dan penanganan intensif terhadap bayi lahir BBLR. Kata kunci: Berat lahir, kelangsungan hidup neonatal, paritas ibu Abstract Neonatal mortality rate in Indonesia was ranked as 10th highest in the world because of high prevalence of infants low birth weight. This research used Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey 2007 data with retrospective cohort design. The purposes of the research are to measure the probability of neonatal survival according to birth weight and to identify effect of birth weight on neonatal survival. The number of sample is 11.748 infants with inclusion criteria born alive, single birth, and at least 28 days old when interviewed. The study found the cumulative probability of neonatal survival in Indonesia was 98,49% and getting lower according to birth weight, at neonatal with low birth weight is 95,68% and 89,83% at neonatal with very low weight. Birth weight modification related to maternal parity, so that the influence of birth weight on neonatal survival depent on the maternal parity. Low birth weight infants of multiparous and grandemultiparous maternal parity risk 2,9 and 3,9 times experienced death in the neonatal period compared with normal birth weight. Early interventions to prevent low birth weight and intensive care to infants with low birth weight are suggested. Keywords: Birth weight, neonatal survival, maternal parity