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In the rabi season of 2019-2020, an experiment in three distributed replicas at three different locations: Satkhira (AEZ-11), Koyra (AEZ-13) and Bagerhat (AEZ-11) were conducted in the farmer’s field of Khulna division to select suitable soil salinity resistant varieties. Fourteen exotic potato varieties (Solanum tuberosum) have been characterized under saline stress conditions of the coastal areas of Bangladesh. Tuber skin color BARI Alu-35, 37, 40, 41, 73 and 81 are white to light yellow in color and BARI Alu-36, 72, 78 and 79 were red. The highest emergence (%) at 30 DAP was found in BARI Alu-72 along with highest foliage coverage (%) at 60 DAP. Moreover, BARI Alu-72 produced number of stem hill-1, number of tuber plant-1, weight of tuber plant-1, weight of fresh plant (kg), dry matter tuber and tuber yield. Varietal yields ranged from 20.98 to 29.75 t ha-1. Among the varieties, BARI Alu-72 yielded highest (29.75 t ha-1) followed by BARI Alu-73 (28.01 t ha-1) and BARI Alu-79 (27.66 t ha-1). Since BARI Alu-72 produced comparatively higher yield form other varieties, it could be considered suitable for costal region. If it suits into their cropping pattern, the variety may be a good option for farmers by increasing cropping intensity, benefit financially and meet their nutritional demands. Key words: Costal area, dry matter, potato, soil salinity, variety, yields performance.

A 78-year-old woman complained of severe pain in the left costal region. Her body mass index was 23.1 kg/m2. Lateral cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome (LACNES) was the suspected diagnosis because the affected area was 2×2 cm and positive for pinch sign. Seventeen days later, the patient again presented with complaints of lower back pain accompanied by back pain upon extending the spine. Magnetic resonance imaging of the spine showed a fracture of the vertebral body of T11. We herein discuss our errors in the diagnostic process and critical tactics for avoiding such errors in the future.

RESUMO: Esta nota tecnica buscou apresentar a discussao os procedimentos metodologicos e resultados parciais de pesquisa em andamento no litoral do estado de Sao Paulo. O objetivo do projeto de pesquisa proposto e determinar os fatores que influenciam sobre as relacoes de hospitalidade e hostilidade entre os stakeholders atuantes no setor de viagens e turismo, identificando em que medida estes impactam sobre a competitividade dos destinos turisticos nacionais. Para buscar este objetivo o estudo adotou o modelo conceitual proposto por Wang e Xiang (2007). Os procedimentos metodologicos parcialmente executados/planejados sao: pesquisa bibliografica, pesquisa documental, aplicacao de entrevista pessoal semiestruturada junto a tres especialistas atuantes no mercado de turismo no estado de Sao Paulo selecionados por conveniencia, e de questionario ( survey ) junto aos membros do Conselho Municipal de Turismo dos quinze municipios classificados como “Estâncias Turisticas” localizados no litoral paulista. Palavras-chave: Hospitalidade; Hostilidade; Stakeholders; Competitividade; Turismo. ABSTRACT: This technical note sought discussing the methods and partial results of a research in progress at Sao Paulo’s costal region. The main goal of the proposed research project was to determine the factors that influences the hospitality and hostility relations between the stakeholders in the travel and tourism sector, identifying the extent to which these factors impacts on the competitiveness of the national tourism destinations. To achieve this objective, it was adopted the conceptual model proposed by Wang and Xiang (2007). The methodological procedures partially executed/planned were: bibliographical research, documentary research, application of semi-structured personal interview with three specialists in the tourism market in Sao Paulo (selected by convenience) and a questionnaire (survey) with members of the Municipal Tourism Council of the fifteen municipalities classified as “Tourism Resorts” located on Sao Paulos’ coast. Keywords: Hospitality; Hostility; Stakeholders; Competitiveness; Tourism.

The retroperitoneal tumor (RPT) service in the North West costal region of England was centralized in May 2011 by the merger of the Merseyside, Cheshire and Lancashire, Cumbria sarcoma networks. Our aim was to analyze the impact of centralization of services on patient outcomes.An analysis from 01/12/2004 to 30/11/2017 was undertaken from prospectively maintained database and electronic patient records; follow-up was until 30/04/2018. This time period encompassed 6.5 years before and after centralization of services took place. Survival analysis was done for Retroperitoneal Sarcomas (RPS) and also compared the impact of centralization.72 patients (27 men), median age 69 (21-90) years) underwent 95 operations with an intention to excise RPS. Overall there were 52 (54.7%) multi-visceral resections (MVR). 91/95 (95.8%) patients with primary tumors had surgery with a curative (R0/1) intent. 30-day and 90-day operative mortality was 3.2% (n = 3) and 4.2% (n = 4) respectively. The 5-year survival for patients undergoing resection for RPTs was 51.3%. 79 (83.1%) of the resections in this series occurred in the 6.5-years post-centralization with an increase in MVR between the two time points (p 0.0006). Despite the more radical nature of surgery post-centralization, there was no difference in 5-year survival for RPS patients when compared to pre-centralization, p = 0.575. However the 5-yr survival post-centralization compared favorability to national outcomes.Centralization in the management of RPS has resulted in an increase in resection rates and more complex MVRs, without compromising R0/1 resection rates; peri-operative mortality or overall survival.

The goal of this article is to provide readers with a case presentation of a patient who presented to the radiology department for pain located at the costal region, which later was diagnosed as Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH). We pretend with this article to provide a brief, complete and efficient literature review regarding the topic of imaging on this pathology. This was done with the objective of providing the reader with a brief and concise literature review so that this disease entity can remain within the list of differencials.

Due to the recent yellow fever outbreak affecting the costal region of Brazil, including main touristic destinations, there is a high demand of yellow fever vaccination. This publication addresses the most relevant practical issues regarding this vaccine for tourists visiting Brazil and aims to serve as a guideline for non-expert physicians in Chile and elsewhere.

The aim of this work was to assess folate status among Egyptian population as baseline data for iron/folic acid flour fortification program. Blood samples (1910) were collected for three target groups: mothers, adolescents (12-18yr) and children (6

The purpose of this study was to establish a parabiotic mice model and assess the physiological changes of the mice under the parabiotic state. Thirteen pairs of isogenic partners were studied. The model was created by preparing a bridge of skin and subcutaneous tissues between the two mice starting distal of the elbow joint along the humerus along the lateral costal region until the end of the waist line. Physiological, social and affective qualities of life were studied in the mice through behavioural observations for 120 days following the parabiotic surgery. During the first 2-3 days following the operation, the animals suffered from severe pain and distress. During the following days and weeks, the physiological system began to recover and the animals displayed behavioral adaptations to the parabiotic condition. All animals survived at day 120. At three days post operation, the body weight began to decrease. Following this, the animals experienced a continual body weight recovery and reached pre-surgical measures at about 30 days post op. Forty-eight h post op., faecal corticosterone-metabolites were extremely elevated, but their levels returned to two to four times of levels in control females within 72 hours post op. The faecal corticosterone-metabolite levels decreased near to control values on day 75. Out of the 13 pairs, the blood exchange rate of three parabiotic partners was tested, with the result being normal post op. After 12 weeks, the total blood exchange between both partners needed 63 or 46 or 107 min, respectively. These results demonstrated that the animals could adapt behaviourally to the parabiotic situation. Therefore, this parabiosis mouse model may provide useful insights in many research areas, such as transplantation immunity, hematological system and metabolism, etc.

BACKGROUND Most plastic surgeons in the past used bone grafts for nasal augmentation and for augmentation of the middle third of the face, and we, in our service, also used bone grafts at that time. Later, however, most plastic surgeons changed, and cartilage grafts are now the favorite material for rhinoplasty. For many years, we used cartilage grafts in rhinoplasty, and we now report the use of cartilage grafts to augment the length of the middle third of the face. METHODS We performed an osteotomy Le Fort I and harvest cartilage grafts from the costal region; then, we placed cartilage grafts between the upper portion and the lower portion of the maxilla to augment the vertical dimension of the middle third of the face. RESULTS Results in our patients were excellent. CONCLUSIONS Instead of bone grafts, cartilage grafts can be used as a good alternative to augment the vertical dimension of the maxilla.

Gastrointestinal diseases play an important role in the systemic alteration in horses. Several studies have been performed in order to better understand these processes. For these studies, to place a cannula inside the animal is a requirement. This study aimed to describe the surgical technique to place a cecal cannula in horses and the major postoperative changes. Nine adults and mixed breed horses were used in this study. The surgical procedure was performed in two steps. Primarily, through an incision in the right costal region, the dorsal segment of the cecum was sutured against the abdominal wall. In the second procedure, after the incision in the segment of the cecum, a canula was placed in the cecal lumen and sutured against the abdominal wall. This technique was viable when performed in two separated surgical procedures. The latex cannulas were well accepted by the horses, samples from the cecum could be collected throughout a period from 120 to 160 days, being considered appropriated for experimental procedures. KEYWORDS: Cecostomy, cecum, horses, intestinal cannulation.

Homelessness is a social as well as legal stigma on a Country's development index. In addition homeless people are exposed to increased incidence of diseases and accidents. Mangalore city, a bustling city located in Southern costal region of India, has seen tremendous growth in the past few years; with this the problem of migrants and homeless has also increased. This has invited a spectrum of problems relating to law and order including frequent incidences of unclaimed dead bodies, both due to natural and unnatural causes. This autopsy based study tries to highlight the situation of picture of homeless deaths in Mangalore and the problems faced by the Law enforcing authorities.

The geographical distribution of C. botulinum type E and its associated disease, type E botulism in China, is different from that in other areas of the world. Cases of type E botulism generally arise in costal regions. In China, however, type E botulism is found primarily in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau of northwest China far from the ocean, at an altitude of approximately 4-5 km. The foods most commonly associated with the disease are fermented grain and beans as well as raw meat. A suspected outbreak of type E botulism poisoning in the central costal region of China in the 1990s prompted the collection and analysis of samples of mud, sand, and fish from the region. The toxin produced by type E botulinum was found in these samples. Surprisingly, though, upon further analysis, the strain isolated from the samples was identified not as type E C. botulinum, but as the neurotoxigenic bacterium Clostridium butyricum.

Com o objetivo de avaliar e comparar clínica e histologicamente o uso do adesivo metil-2-cianoacrilato e do fio de náilon na reparação de feridas cirúrgicas de pele, foram utilizados cinco cães e cinco gatos adultos, clinicamente sadios. Seguindo o protocolo anestésico e cirúrgico habitual para cada espécie, foram feitas cinco incisões na pele da região costal do lado esquerdo e cinco do lado direito, com aproximadamente dois centímetros de comprimento. As feridas cirúrgicas do lado direito foram suturadas com fio de náilon cirúrgico 3-0 e as do lado esquerdo foram aproximadas e fixadas com o metil-2-cianoacrilato em ambas as espécies. Os animais foram submetidos a avaliações clínicas a cada três dias. Foram retirados fragmentos de pele para realização de biopsias aos três, seis, nove, doze e quinze dias após a cirurgia. Os resultados obtidos, tanto em cães quanto em gatos, não revelaram diferença clínica ou histológica entre os tratamentos utilizados. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare clinically and histologically the use of methyl-2-cyanoacrylate adhesive versus the nylon's suture in skin wounds closure. There were five adult mongrel dogs and cats, clinically healthy used. Following anaesthetical routine and surgical protocol, five incisions were made in the left costal region, and other five in right costal region, about 2cm in length, in both especies. The right side costal wounds were sutured with surgical nylon 3-0, and in the left side costal wounds methyl-2-cyanoacrylate was applied, in both species. The animals were submitted to clinical evaluation every three days, and a biopsy was realized at three, six, nine, twelve and fifteen days after the surgery. In both species, the results did not show any clinical or histologic difference when comparing the used treatments.

Background and Purpose. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a swimming endurance training program on changes in percentages and sizes of fiber types in different regions of the hamster diaphragm. Methods. Adult male golden Syrian hamsters were randomly assigned to a control group (n=9) or a swimming group (n=10). Hamsters in the swimming group swam for 80 minutes per session, 5 days per week, for 13 weeks. Fiber-type percentages and sizes were determined for the costal region and for the abdominal and thoracic surfaces of the crural region of the diaphragm from cross sections processed for myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase. Results. Muscle fibers in the thoracic surface of the crural region were smaller in the swimming group than in the control group. Fiber-type percentages in the diaphragm, however, were not different between groups. Conclusion and Discussion. Swim training may have improved the endurance of the thoracic/crural region by decreasing cross-sectional area and thus decreasing the distance for oxygen to diffuse to the internal regions of the muscle fibers.

In cats anesthetized with Nembutal, electromyograms of the diaphragm (Edi) were recorded from an anchored esophageal electrode, a pair of silver hooks inserted in the paratendinous region, and a pair of silver hooks and a pair of clips of small surface inserted in the costal region of the diaphragm facing the rib cage at FRC but covered with lung tissue at FRC + 80 ml. When single supramaximal electrical stimuli were applied to an isolated phrenic nerve, changes in lung volume from RV to near TLC had a negligible effect on muscle potentials from esophageal or paratendinous hooks, but increased the amplitude of potentials recorded from peripheral hooks and clips. In addition, it was found that small displacements of the esophageal electrode caused substantial changes in the amplitude of the recorded muscle potentials. The integration of the Edi spontaneously generated during occluded inspirations, recorded from paratendinous hooks and the esophageal electrode was linearly related to transdiaphragmatic pressure up to 50 cmH2O at all lung volumes. Above that level, esophageal electrode recordings showed a curvilinear Edi/Pdi relationship, while hook recordings showed a rectilinear relationship.

To examine the effect of postnatal development on changes in oxidative potential of fibers of specific types (I, IIa, IIb, and IIc) in the rat diaphragm, determinations of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity were made using microphotometric measures of optical density. Samples of the costal region of the diaphragm were extracted from 56 male Wistar rats ranging in age from 8 to 85 days and subgrouped into seven developmental periods (1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, and 12 wk). For type I fibers, increases of 17% (P less than 0.05) in SDH activity occurred during 2nd wk, remained elevated through 4th wk, and increased further (P less than 0.05) to 137% of 1-wk values by the end of 6th wk. No further increases were noted between 6 and 12 wk. A similar maturational trend was evident for type IIa fibers, although SDH activities remained higher throughout development when compared with type I fibers. In contrast, SDH in type IIb fibers, although increasing by 14% during the first two measurement weeks (P less than 0.05), declined from 6 to 9 wk before ultimately reaching a value similar to 3 wk. SDH activity was also assessed in a typical slow- (soleus) and fast-twitch (extensor digitorum longus, EDL) muscle of the hindlimb to contrast their development with that of the diaphragm. Generally, SDH in type I and IIa fibers was approximately 40 and 20% higher, respectively, in the diaphragm than in matched fiber types in the other muscles throughout development (diaphragm greater than EDL greater than soleus).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

A method has been developed that enables the transpulmonary pressure to be measured directly over most of the costal region of animals without introduction of any device into the pleural space. Pleural surface pressure was atmospheric in the lowermost part of the lung of rabbits and dogs in the lateral, supine and prone postures, it was subatmospheric over the rest, and at all levels in the head-up posture, it was positive in the dependent part in the head-down posture. For a given species and posture pleural surface pressure was uniquely related to the percentage of the lung maximal height and no systematic differences were found at a given height. In all points investigated pleural surface pressure was higher than pleural liquid pressure. While pleural liquid pressure at the top of the lung decreases proportionally to the lung height, pleural surface pressure at the top changes less, not only because the overall vertical gradient of transpulmonary pressure is smaller than that of pleural liquid, but also because it decreases with the increase of the size.

Single unit electrical activity has been recorded from neurons in the Th8 and Th9 segments of the spinal cord in chloralose-anesthetized cats. These neurons had cutaneous receptive fields in the right costal region from which they could be driven by noxious and/or innocuous stimulation of the skin. They could also be activated by distensions of the biliary system but only at noxious intensities of visceral stimulation. No viscero-somatic convergent neurons have been found responding to innocuous visceral stimulation.

The knowledge of pleural liquid pressure (Pliq) is essential for understanding the mechanical coupling between lung and chest wall and the liquid exchanges of the pleural space. In the last decade, research in this field contributed new ideas and stimulating controversies but also caused some confusion. These aspects, along with the older contributions, are considered in this review, which is divided into three sections. The topics of the first section are 1) measurements of Pliq with different techniques in various mammals and various regions of the pleural space, 2) comparison of Pliq with the pressure exerted by the lung recoil (Ppl), and 3) vertical gradient of Pliq and downward flow of pleural liquid. In the second section the mechanisms absorbing liquid from the pleural space are analyzed: 1) Starling forces of the visceral pleura, 2) lymphatic drainage through the stomata of the parietal pleura, and 3) active transport of solutes. The third section deals with 1) measurements of pleural liquid thickness with two approaches in the costal region of various mammals and 2) mechanisms preventing a complete removal of pleural liquid and, thus, ensuring the lubrication.

Concentrations of uncoated and coated amphibole fibres were measured postmortem in samples taken from the periphery of both upper and lower lobes of the left lung of an insulation worker. Similar measurements were made on a more limited range of samples from elsewhere in the lung and on a hilar lymph node. The mean concentration of uncoated fibres in the upper lobe was twice that in the lower. Significant differences were observed in the mean concentration of uncoated fibres in different regions of the periphery, the diaphragmatic region having the lowest value. Variations in the concentrations of both uncoated and coated fibres in the costal region of the lower lobe may have been related to the effect of rib structures on ventilation. Concentrations of fibrous and non-fibrous dust were well correlated in the peripheral samples. The length distributions of uncoated and coated fibres were also measured and differences detected in fibres from the various regions of the lung. This work emphasises the care required in sampling lung tissue in order to obtain representative material for the determination of fibre concentration.

THOSE WhO were present at the Section of Surgery at the Aniniuial Meeting of the British Medical Association in 1927, or who read tlhe report of its excellent discussion onclhronic appendicitis, must have been strucik by the small diagnostic value which attaches to any one sign.' Compared with the acute form, chronic appendicitis presents a vague clinical picture; the appendix, like the hand of a clock, may point in any direction, anid it is not surpr-ising that tenderness may appear in widely different areas. I pointed out, however, in a letter published in the same issue with the report, that at tihe discussionino one had mentioned the diagnostic value of x rays.2 Yet radiology, taken in conjunction with clinical signs and symptoms, probably gives us miiore definite hell) in (liagnosis than any other eieans. I cite the followilng case, referr-ed' to me by Dr. Mathieson of Harrow, in illustration. Clinical History. The patient, a woman aged 44, had severe abdominal pains, particularly in the left costal region. They were intermittent, lasting one to, three days, with similar periods of intermission, and were much worse at the menstrual periods. The whole abdomeni was tender, more so at some times than at others. Occasionally her complexion was sallow.

The case here reported furnishes a timely confirmation of a similar observation by Leon Bloch (The Journal, Dec. 18, 1915, p. 2140), and adds one more to the few recorded instances of the identification of trichina larvae in the spinal fluid. History. —M. B., a schoolgirl, aged 14, was admitted to the medical service of St. Luke's Hospital, Nov. 23, 1915, complaining of sharp pains in the abdomen, of headache, alternate diarrhea and constipation, fever and marked muscular soreness. November 12, the child first complained of malaise, and her mother observed a distinct puffiness about the eyes which became worse, lasting altogether for about one week. November 14, there developed general soreness of the muscles with a temperature of 102 and diarrhea lasting several days. An early symptom was cough with a good deal of pain and soreness in the costal region. November 21, she awoke from sleep with severe