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Objective Summarize the effects of interventions designed to promote physical activity during elementary school recess in children between 5 and 10 years old. Effective school interventions for children can promote physical activity and healthy behaviors. Methods PubMed, Scopus, Bireme, SciELO, Web of Science, PsychINFO, Proquest, Physical Education Index, Sports Discus, and Eric databases were included in the data search. Original intervention articles on physical activity that used regression methods, published between 2000 and 2019 in English, Portuguese and Spanish were analyzed. Analyses were performed in 2019. Outcomes were organized according to the direction of the association by independent variables. Ten articles were considered eligible for data extraction and evaluation. Results Several strategies were used including playground markings, demarcation of physical activities zones, group activities, availability of sports equipment and facilities. Most of the studies were conducted in the United States. Recess periods ranged from 20–94 min per day and intervention time ranged from 6 weeks to 2 years. Recess duration and intervention effects were positively associated with physical activity. Gender (girls) and age (oldest) were negatively associated with physical activity during recess. Conclusions Interventions based on modifications of school environment such as playground markings demarcation of physical activities zones, group activities, availability of sports equipment and facilities are cheap and cost-effective for increasing physical activity in school recess.

The objective of the paper is to provide a model capable of serving as a basis for retraining a convolutional neural network that can be used to detect COVID-19 cases through spectrograms of coughing, sneezing and other respiratory sounds from infected people. To address this challenge, the methodology was focused on Deep Learning technics worked with a dataset of sounds of sick and non-sick people, and using ImageNet's Xception architecture to train the model to be presented through Fine-Tuning. The results obtained were a precision of 0.75 to 0.80, this being drastically affected by the quality of the dataset at our availability, however, when getting relatively high results for the conditions of the data used, we can conclude that the model can present much better results if it is working with a dataset specifically of respiratory sounds of COVID-19 cases with high quality.

Fitness levels and anthropometric profile of elite referees of Parana certified by the Brazilian Football Confederation (CBF) The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of physical fitness and body composition of elite referees from the Football Federation of Parana (FPF). Sample size comprises 16 referees from the FPF, all males, that belong to the national board (certified by the Brazilian Football Confederation). Fitness evaluation was applied during the 2000 Soccer Season. Mean age was 34.5±4.8 years, height was 177.8±7.4 cm, and body weight was 78.7±8.0 kg. The FIFA’s standardized test battery includes the following tests: a 50 meters and a 200 meters running test and the Cooper test. To assess body composition we measured skinfolds (subscapular, triceps, biceps, pectoral, medium axillary, abdomen, suprailiac, thigh and calf), girths (forearm, contracted arm, relaxed arm, thorax, abdomen, hip, thigh, mid-thigh and calf) and breadths (biacromial, biiliocristal, biepicondylar humerus and maleolar) (17,18,19). From anthropometrical variables, body density was determined according to Jackson and Pollock’s (20) equation and the fat percentual using Siri’s (21) equation. Fat weight (PG) was calculated multiplying the body mass (MC) by the fraction of fat percentual (% G), PG=MC(%G/100). Bone weight (PO) and residual

Este trabalho teve o objetivo de analisar a associação entre atividade física e autoeficácia em adolescentes. Realizou-se um estudo inquérito de base escolar com 1.698 adolescentes de Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil. A atividade física foi avaliada segundo frequência semanal (dias/semana) de prática de atividade física de intensidade moderada ou vigorosa. A autoeficácia foi analisada segundo a soma de uma escala composta por dez itens. A associação entre autoeficácia e atividade física foi testada pela regressão de Poisson (p < 0,05), estratificada por sexo. Entre os meninos, apenas elevada autoeficácia foi associada com todas as categorias de atividade física (p < 0,001), enquanto para as meninas níveis moderados e elevados de autoeficácia foram associados com todas as categorias de atividade física (p < 0,001). Conclui-se que a autoeficácia tem associação positiva com atividade física entre adolescentes, no entanto esta relação é mais consistente entre as meninas. Este é um aspecto importante para o delineamento de intervenções para a promoção de atividade física nesse grupo populacional. This study aimed to examine the association between physical activity and self-efficacy in adolescents. A school-based survey was conducted with 1,698 adolescents from Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil. Physical activity was evaluated as weekly frequency (days per week) of moderate or vigorous physical activity. Self-efficacy was analyzed as the sum of a 10-item scale. The association between self-efficacy and physical activity was tested by Poisson regression (p < 0.05), stratified by gender. Among boys, only high self-efficacy was associated with all categories of physical activity (p < 0.001), while for girls moderate and high levels of self-efficacy were associated with all categories of physical activity (p < 0.001). In conclusion, self-efficacy showed a positive association with physical activity in adolescents, although the relationship was more consistent in girls. The finding is important for designing interventions to promote physical activity in this age group. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la asociación entre la actividad física y la autoeficacia en adolescentes. Se realizó una investigación de base escolar, mediante una encuesta a 1.698 estudiantes adolescentes de Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil. La actividad física se evaluó de acuerdo con la frecuencia semanal (días/semana) de práctica de actividad física con una intensidad moderada o elevada. La autoeficacia fue analizada conforme a la suma de puntos de una escala de 10 ítems. La asociación entre la autoeficacia y actividad física se probó mediante la regresión de Poisson (p < 0,05), estratificada por sexo. Para los adolescentes solamente una actividad física elevada presentó una asociación con todas las categorías de actividad física (p < 0,001), mientras que para las adolescentes unos niveles moderados y elevados de autoeficacia presentaron asociación con todas las categorías de actividad física (p < 0,001). Se concluye que la autoeficacia presenta una asociación positiva con la actividad física entre los adolescentes, sin embargo, esta relación es más consistente entre las adolescentes. Este es un aspecto importante para el diseño de intervenciones en salud, con el fin de promover la actividad física en este grupo de población.

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a prevalência de barreiras e sua associação com a prática de atividades físicas em adolescentes. O presente estudo, transversal, avaliou uma amostra representativa de escolares do ensino médio da rede pública da cidade de Curitiba-PR, Brasil. Um total de 1.609 escolares (59,7% do gênero feminino) entre 14 e 18 anos de idade reportou, por meio de um questionário, o nível de atividade física e as barreiras para a prática de atividades físicas. Para verificar a associação entre a prevalência de barreiras e a atividade física foi realizada uma análise de regressão logística para cada barreira investigada ajustando para variáveis de confusão (idade e nível socioeconômico). As análises foram realizadas separadamente para meninos e meninas. Apenas 22% dos meninos e 9% das meninas atingiram a atual recomendação para atividade física. Entre as 12 barreiras investigadas, apenas "não ter alguém para levar" não diferiu entre os gêneros. Para todas as outras, a percepção de barreiras foi maior entre as meninas (p < 0,05). "Não ter a companhia dos amigos" e "ter preguiça" foram as barreiras mais reportadas pelos meninos (30,4%) e meninas (51,8%), respectivamente; no entanto a barreira mais fortemente associada com maior prevalência de níveis insuficientes de atividade física foi "preferir fazer outras coisas" para meninos (OR = 5.02 (2,69 - 9,37); p < 0,05) e meninas (OR = 7.10 (3,71 - 13,60); p < 0,05). As barreiras percebidas para a prática de atividades físicas foram mais prevalentes entre as meninas e diferiram em grau de importância entre os gêneros. The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence and association of barriers to physical activity among adolescents. This cross-sectional study evaluated a representative sample of public high school students in Curitiba-PR, Brazil. A total of 1,609 school adolescents (59.7% male) between 14 and 18 years of age answered a questionnaire on physical activity status and barriers to physical activity. Logistic regressions were conducted for each barrier investigated to verify the association between the prevalence of barriers and physical activity, adjusting for confounding variables (age and socioeconomic status). Analyses were done separately for boys and girls. Only 22% of boys and 9% of girls achieved the current physical activity recommendation. Among the 12 barriers investigated, only "there is nobody to take" did not differ between boys and girls. The perception of barriers was higher for girls than boys (p < 0.05) for all other barriers. "Lack of friends company" and "feel lazy" were the barriers most often reported by boys (30.4%) and girls (51.8%) respectively; however, the barrier most strongly associated with prevalence of physical inactivity was "prefer to do other things" for both boys (OR = 5.02 (2.69 - 9.37); p < 0.05) and girls (OR = 7.10 (3.71 - 13.60); p < 0.05). Perceived barriers for the practice of physical activity were more prevalent in girls and differed as to the extent of importance between genders.

FUNDAMENTO: Estilos de vida inadequados têm sido as principais causas de morte no mundo. O questionário "Estilo de vida fantástico" tem por finalidade auxiliar médicos que trabalham com prevenção, a fim de estes possam melhor conhecer e medir o estilo de vida dos seus pacientes. OBJETIVO: Traduzir e validar o questionário "Estilo de vida fantástico" para adultos jovens. MÉTODOS: O processo de tradução e adaptação envolveu quatro etapas: 1) tradução, 2) correção e adaptação semântica por especialistas da área (juízes), 3) avaliação da clareza do conteúdo e 4) avaliação por amostra da população-alvo. Análise estatística: para a consistência interna, utilizou-se o alfa de Cronbach; a consistência externa foi verificada pela correlação intraclasse (R); para a validade de construto, usou-se o índice Kappa. RESULTADOS: O alfa de Cronbach que avalia as correlações entre os itens e o total foi de 0,69, o que é considerado razoável para um instrumento desenhado para medir uma variável latente que somente pode ser estimada e não medida. Quando agrupados os itens em domínios, verificou-se que todos contribuem de maneira semelhante para a estabilidade do instrumento (α = 0,60). A reprodutibilidade avaliada pela correlação intraclasse foi alta (R = 0,92; p = 0,2). A validade de construto testada pela capacidade classificatória do instrumento em quatro e três categorias foi de 75% e 80,7%, com um índice Kappa de 0,58 e 0,7, respectivamente, o que evidencia uma ótima capacidade discriminatória. CONCLUSÃO: O questionário "Estilo de vida fantástico" possui uma consistência interna e externa adequada para a avaliação do estilo de vida de adultos jovens. Recomenda-se a utilização do questionário na atenção primária e em estudos epidemiológicos. BACKGROUND: Inappropriate lifestyles have been responsible for the leading causes of mortality. The purpose of the Fantastic Lifestyle Questionnaire is to help physicians involved in health prevention to identify and assess their patients' lifestyles. OBJECTIVE: To translate and validate the Fantastic Lifestyle Questionnaire for use with young adults. METHODS: The process of translation into Portuguese and validation consisted of four steps: 1) translation; 2) correction and semantic adaptation by professional experts (judges); 3) content validation; and 4) a final evaluation by the target population. The statistical analyses used were Cronbach's alpha to measure internal consistency reliability, intra-class correlation coefficient (R) for external consistency, and the Kappa index to test construct validity. RESULTS: Cronbach's alpha coefficient measured the correlation between items and the total was 0.69, which is considered reasonable for an instrument designed to evaluate a latent variable that can only be estimated and not measured. When the items were grouped into domains, it was possible to verify that they all contributed equally to the stability of the questionnaire (α=0.60). The external consistency evaluated by intra-class correlation was R=0.92 (p=0.2), which demonstrates a high degree of reproducibility; the construct validity of 4 and 3 categories was 75 and 80.7% with Kappa indices of 0.58 and 0.7, respectively, which show an excellent discriminatory classificatory capacity. CONCLUSION: The Fantastic Lifestyle Questionnaire has an adequate internal and external consistency for evaluating young adult lifestyles, and it can be recommended for primary care and epidemiological studies.

É necessário encontrar meios para quantificar de maneira eficiente e econômica o nível de atividade física da população. Os questionários são formas viáveis e econômicas, embora seja discutível a fidedignidade dessas medidas. Este estudo objetivou determinar a reprodutibilidade e a validade do Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ) em homens idosos. A amostra foi composta por 29 homens idosos acima de 60 anos, com média de idade de 66,6 anos (DP = 4,3), participantes do programa de extensão da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: a) IPAQ, forma longa; b) pedômetro; e c) Diário de Atividade Física de Bouchard (DAF). Para a reprodutibilidade foram realizadas duas aplicações do IPAQ, com intervalo de 21 dias (r s = 0,95). A análise estatística adotada foi a correlação de Spearman (r s), o percentual de concordância (%C), o índice kappa (k) e a plotagem de Bland e Altman. A amostra foi dividida, utilizando-se como critério a mediana. A reprodutibilidade apresentou correlação de r s = 0,95. A associação entre o IPAQ e o DAF foi de: r s = 0,38; %C = 69 e k = 0,04 e a associação entre o IPAQ e o pedômetro de: r s = 0,24; %C = 62 e k = 0,19. Concluiu-se que a validade variou de moderada a baixa, enquanto a reprodutibilidade foi adequada. It is necessary to efficiently and economically find means to quantify the level of physical activity of the population. Questionnaires are viable and economical; however, their trustworthiness is questionable. This study aimed to determine the reproducibility and validity of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) in elderly men. The sampling was composed of 29 elderly men over the age of 60, average age of 66.6 years (SD = 4.3), who were members of the extension program at the Federal University of Santa Catarina. The instruments used were: a) IPAQ extended version; b) pedometer and c) Bouchard's Physical Activity Diary (PAD). For reproducibility, the IPAQ was applied twice with a 21 day interval (r s = 0.95). The statistical analysis used was Spearman Correlation (r s); Concordance Percentile (%C); Kappa Index (k); and Bland and Altman plot. The sample was divided using the median as criterion. The reproducibility showed a correlation of r s 0.95. The combination between IPAQ and PAD was: r s = 0.38; %C = 69 and k = 0.04. The combination between IPAQ and the Pedometer was: r s = 0.24; %C = 62 and k = 0.19. It was concluded that the validity varied from moderate to low while the reproducibility was adequate. Es necesario encontrar medios para cuantificar de manera eficiente y económica el nivel de actividad física de la población. Los cuestionarios son formas viables y económicas, aunque se discuta la fidedignidad de estas medidas. Este estudio ha tenido como objetivo determinar la reproducibilidad y la validez del Cuestionario Internacional de Actividade Física (IPAQ) en hombres ancianos. La muestra se compuso de 29 hombres ancianos con más de 60 años, con edad media de 66,6 años (DP = 4,3), participantes del programa de extensión de la Universidad Federal de Santa Catarina. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron: a) IPAQ, forma larga; b) pedómetro y c) Diario de Actividad Física de Bouchard (DAF). Para la reproducibilidad fueron realizadas dos aplicaciones de IPAQ, con intervalo de 21 días (r s = 0,95). El análisis estadístico adoptada fue el de correlación de Spearman (r s), el porcentaje de concordancia (%C), el índice kappa (k) y el "plotaje" de Bland y Altman. La muestra fue dividida, utilizando como criterio la mediana. La reproducibilidad presentó una correlación de r s = 0,95. La asociación entre el IPAQ y el DAF fue de: r s = 0,38; %C = 69 y k = 0,04 y la asociación entre el IPAQ y el pedómetro de: r s = 0,24; %C = 62 y k = 0,19. Se concluye que la validez varió de moderado a bajo, mientras que la reproducibilidad fue adecuada.

Background Neighborhood safety is one of the environmental aspects that can influence physical activity. We analyzed the association between perceived neighborhood safety and physical inactivity (PI) in adults and examined effect modification according to sociodemographic variables. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,261 adults (62% women), age 18–69 years from Curitiba, Brazil. Results The perception of unsafe neighborhood was higher among women, older participants, those classified in the high socioeconomic (SES) group, overweighed and also among those reporting to have PA equipments and children. The association between perception safety of walking during the day and walking for leisure (women PR = 1.12 CI95% = 1.02–1.22; men PR = 0.82 CI95% = 0.64–1.05; interaction term PR = 1.38 CI95% = 1.03–1.83) and safe perception was associated with PI, just in the highest SES group (PR = 1.09; CI95% = 1.00–1.19; p trend = 0.032) when compared with their counterparts (low SES PR = 0.99; CI95% = 0.90–1.04; p trend = 0.785; interaction term PR = 1.09; CI95% = 1.03–1.15; p trend = 0.007). Conclusion The perception of safety in the neighborhood was associated with PI in transport, but this association varies across of sociodemographic variables.