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Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an important complication of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The association between AF and serum lipid profile is unclear and statin use for lowering the incidence of new-onset AF remains controversial. The objective of this study was to investigate whether statins confer a beneficial effect on AF after AMI. Data available in the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database on 32886 AMI patients between 2008 and 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. Total 27553 (83.8%) had complete 1-yr follow-up data. Cardiovascular outcomes were analyzed based on the baseline characteristics and AF type (existing, new-onset, or non-AF). AF groups had significantly higher incidence of heart failure (HF), stroke, all-cause death, and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular event (MACCE) after index AMI (all P

Background. The outcomes of patients with concomitant left main coronary artery (LMCA) and right coronary artery (RCA) diseases are reportedly worse than those with only LMCA disease. To date, only few studies have investigated the clinical impact of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on RCA stenosis during the same hospitalization, in which LMCA disease was treated. This study was aimed at comparing the outcomes between patients with and without right coronary artery intervention during the same hospital course for LMCA intervention. Methods and Results. From a total of 776 patients who were undergoing PCI to treat LMCA disease, 235 patients with concomitant RCA significant stenosis (more than 70% stenosis) were enrolled. The patients were divided into two groups: 174 patients received concomitant PCI for RCA stenosis during the same hospitalization, in which LMCA disease was treated, and 61 patients did not receive PCI for RCA stenosis. Patients without intervention to the right coronary artery had higher 30-day cardiovascular mortality rates and 3-year RCA revascularization rates compared to those with right coronary artery intervention. Patients without RCA intervention at the same hospitalization did not increase the 30-day total death, 3-year myocardial infarction rate, 3-year cardiovascular death, and 3-year total death. Conclusions. In patients with LM disease and concomitant above or equal to 70% RCA stenosis, PCI for RCA lesion during the same hospitalization is recommended to reduce the 30-day cardiovascular death and 3-year RCA revascularization rate.

Hyperglycaemia causes endothelial dysfunction, which is the initial process in the development of diabetic vascular complications. Upon injury, endothelial cells undergo an endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), lose their specific marker, and gain mesenchymal phenotypes. This study investigated the effect of liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, on EndMT inhibition and neointima formation in diabetic mice induced by streptozotocin. The diabetic mice with a wire-induced vascular injury in the right carotid artery were treated with or without liraglutide for four weeks. The degree of neointima formation and re-endothelialisation was evaluated by histological assessments. Endothelial fate tracing revealed that endothelium-derived cells contribute to neointima formation through EndMT in vivo. In the diabetic mouse model, liraglutide attenuated wire injury-induced neointima formation and accelerated re-endothelialisation. In vitro, a high glucose condition (30 mmol/L) triggered morphological changes and mesenchymal marker expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), which were attenuated by liraglutide or Activin receptor-like 5 (ALK5) inhibitor SB431542. The inhibition of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling by Compound C diminished the liraglutide-mediated inhibitory effect on EndMT. Collectively, liraglutide was found to attenuate neointima formation in diabetic mice partially through EndMT inhibition, extending the potential therapeutic role of liraglutide.

We investigated the accuracy of various bleeding risk scores to estimate the bleeding risk in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) managed with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) access via the radial artery.We retrospectively enrolled 1,651 patients who were definitively diagnosed with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) or non-STEMI (NSTEMI). We assessed the predictive validities of 30-day bleeding events in various scoring systems using receiver operating characteristic curves.Overall, ACUITY-HORIZONS exhibited the highest area under the curve to predict 30-day bleeding, followed by ACTION and CRUSADE; HAS-BLED displayed the lowest score. With a cut-off of 17, ACUITY-HORIZONS demonstrated the best discrimination for the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 30-day serious bleeding rate. We observed significant differences among all-cause death, cardiovascular death, and major adverse cardiac events between the ACUITY-HORIZONS groups with a score of ≤ 17 and > 17. ACUITY-HORIZONS score > 17, initial systolic blood pressure (SBP) < 90 mmHg, and Killip III and IV upon admission positively predicted the 30-day bleeding risk, whereas myocardial infarction (MI) and TIMI major bleeding within 30 days, heart failure at admission, and initial SBP < 90 mmHg positively predicted the 30-day mortality.Comparatively, ACUITY-HORIZON is the most reliable system in predicting 30-day bleeding for patients with AMI via transradial PCI. In the transradial scenario, bleeding and MI within 30 days are substantially related to 30-day mortality.

This study investigated the efficacy and safety of ticagrelor compared with clopidogrel in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We retrospectively enrolled patients who had received regular dialysis and had undergone percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for AMI at our hospital between January 2013 and December 2016. Outcomes analyzed included cardiovascular death, death from any cause, MI, stroke, and bleeding events. Patients were allocated to the ticagrelor group (N = 74) or the clopidogrel group (N = 116) according to the treatment they had received. No statistically significant differences were found between the groups in terms of in-hospital primary endpoint (composite of cardiovascular death, MI, and stroke: 12.2% and 15.5% for ticagrelor and clopidogrel, respectively; p = 0.518), secondary endpoint, or any bleeding events (39.2 vs. 34.5%; p = 0.511). No statistically significant differences were found for the 1-year primary endpoint (p = 0.424), secondary endpoint, and any bleeding events (p = 0.663). Risk factors for in-hospital cardiovascular death were shock and cardiopulmonary resuscitation at initial AMI presentation, lack of beta-blocker use, and in-hospital gastrointestinal bleeding. Risk factors for 1-year cardiovascular death were shock at initial AMI presentation and lack of beta-blocker use. Only respiratory failure was a risk factor for in-hospital and 1-year gastrointestinal bleeding. In patients with ESRD and AMI, ticagrelor resulted in numerically fewer but statistically nonsignificant rates of in-hospital and 1-year cardiovascular events with no significant increase in bleeding events compared with clopidogrel.

Background: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by cardiac fibrosis and stiffness, which often develops into heart failure. This study investigated the role of Ras protein-specific guanine nucleotide releasing factor 1 (RasGRF1) in the development of DCM. Methods: Forty-eight mice were divided into four groups (n = 12 per group): Group 1: Wild-type (WT) mice, Group 2: RasGRF1 deficiency (RasGRF1&minus, /&minus, ) mice. Group 3: Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic WT mice, Group 4: STZ-induced diabetic RasGRF1&minus, mice. Myocardial functions were assessed by cardiac echography. Heart tissues from all of the mice were investigated for cardiac fibrosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress markers. Results: Worse impaired diastolic function with elevation serum interleukin (IL)-6 was found in the diabetic group compared with the non-diabetic groups. Serum IL-6 levels were found to be elevated in the diabetic compared with the non-diabetic groups. However, the diabetic RasGRF1&minus, mice exhibited lower serum IL-6 levels and better diastolic function than the diabetic WT mice. The diabetic RasGRF1&minus, mice were associated with reduced cardiac inflammation, which was shown by lower invading inflammation cells, lower expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9, and less chemokines compared to the diabetic WT mice. Furthermore, less oxidative stress as well as extracellular matrix deposition leading to a reduction in cardiac fibrosis was also found in the diabetic RasGRF1&minus, mice compared with the diabetic WT mice. Conclusion: The deletion of RasGRF1 attenuated myocardial fibrosis and improved cardiac function in diabetic mice through inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress.

Although established guidelines currently recommend the use of the CHA2DS2-VASc score for evaluating embolic risk in AF patients, few studies have evaluated the use of the CHA2DS2-VASc score for predicting cardiovascular outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The aim of this study was to determine whether CHA2DS2-VASc score is a predictor of a major adverse cardiocerebral vascular event (MACCE) in AMI patients. This study analyzed data in the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database from January 2008 to December 2012. Cardiovascular outcomes were analyzed according to the baseline characteristics, presence of AF, and CHA2DS2-VASc score. Twenty nine thousand four hundred fifty-two patients with non-fatal AMI, 1171 patients (8.3%) were with AF. The Cox regress model showed with the exception of women sex and peripheral artery disease, all the baseline characteristics considered risks in CHA2DS2-VASc scores were independently associated with the increased incidence of MACCE within 1 year after AMI. A CHA2DS2-VASc score of

Background. This study evaluated the impact on clinical outcomes using a cloud computing system to reduce percutaneous coronary intervention hospital door-to-balloon (DTB) time for ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods. A total of 369 patients before and after implementation of the transfer protocol were enrolled. Of these patients, 262 were transferred through protocol while the other 107 patients were transferred through the traditional referral process. Results. There were no significant differences in DTB time, pain to door of STEMI receiving center arrival time, and pain to balloon time between the two groups. Pain to electrocardiography time in patients with Killip I/II and catheterization laboratory to balloon time in patients with Killip III/IV were significantly reduced in transferred through protocol group compared to in traditional referral process group (both p<0.05). There were also no remarkable differences in the complication rate and 30-day mortality between two groups. The multivariate analysis revealed that the independent predictors of 30-day mortality were elderly patients, advanced Killip score, and higher level of troponin-I. Conclusions. This study showed that patients transferred through our present protocol could reduce pain to electrocardiography and catheterization laboratory to balloon time in Killip I/II and III/IV patients separately. However, this study showed that using a cloud computing system in our present protocol did not reduce DTB time.

Purpose. To determine the incidence of testicular microlithiasis (TM) in Taiwanese males who were referred for scrotal sonography (US) and to evaluate the association between TM and cancer, with state-of-the-art equipment. Methods. This retrospective study included 513 males who underwent scrotal US in a period of 7 months. The US images and charts of each patient were reviewed to determine the presence of TM and note relevant clinical information. Results. The data for all 513 patients were analyzed. Their age was 0–91 years (mean, 54.3 years). The overall incidence of TM was 14.4% (74/513); 6.2% (32/513) had classic TM, and 8.2% had limited TM. The incidence of testicular cancer in this population was 1.6% (8/513). Six of eight (75%) patients who had testicular cancer at presentation had classic TM or limited TM. There was a significant difference (P < 0.01) between the rate of malignancy in subjects with TM (6/74) and that in subjects without TM (2/439). Conclusion. The incidence of TM in Taiwanese people may be higher than previously reported, which may be due to the difference in methodology and increased awareness of the US findings. Although there was a significant difference in the rate of malignancy in males with TM compared with those without TM, the question remains whether TM independently increases the risk of testicular malignancy. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2010