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This research has been funded by the Ministerio de Universidades (Espana) through the Bursary [FPU19/00369] for University Professor Training as part of the first author's thesis (Psychological Doctoral Programme [B13 56 1; RD 99/2011])., Currently, no validated instrument exists for assessing the subjective experience of orgasm in the gay population. The Orgasm Rating Scale (ORS), previously validated in the heterosexual population, comprises four dimensions: Affective, Sensory, Intimacy, and Rewards. This study validated it for sexual relationships in the gay population by obtaining its factorial invariance by sexual orientation and sex, its internal consistency reliability, and evidence of validity in its relationship with other variables. We assessed 1600 cisgender Spanish adults–heterosexuals, gays, and lesbians–divided into 4, sex-based groups of 400 each, according to the Kinsey scale scores. Participants reported recent experiences of orgasm in the context of sexual relationships and responded to the ORS and other scales assessing attitude toward sexual fantasies and sexual functioning. The ORS structure showed a strict multigroup-level invariance by sexual orientation and sex, confirming its four-dimensional structure. The subjective orgasm intensity was associated with a positive attitude toward sexual fantasies and sexual functioning. Scores obtained on the Affective, Intimacy, and Rewards dimensions confirmed the ability to discriminate between gay people with and without orgasmic difficulties. The ORS’s Spanish version presents good psychometric properties as a validated scale to evaluate the subjective experience of orgasm in the gay population., Ministerio de Universidades (Espana) FPU19/00369 B13 56 1 99/2011

Sexual attitudes are related to the expression of sexuality and have been associated with indicators for sexual health. The main aim of this study was to determine the explanatory capacity of general (i.e., erotophilia) and specific (i.e., toward sexual fantasies and masturbation) sexual attitudes on different sexual functioning dimensions (sexual desire, sexual arousal, lubrication/erection, ability to have an orgasm and orgasm satisfaction). Methods: The sample consisted of 2000 heterosexual adults (1044 women, 956 men) aged 18–83 years. Results: The explanatory models for women mainly showed that positive attitudes toward sexual fantasies (β range = −0.35, −0.249) and age (β range = −0.111, 0.086) explained sexual function. The models proposed for men revealed a more diverse pattern, although the variable essential for explaining sexual function was a positive attitude toward sexual fantasies (β range = −0.266, −0.097). Conclusions: These results indicate that specific sexual attitudes, particularly in relation to sexual fantasies, are more sensitive variables than erotophilia in examining sexual health., Bursaries FPU 16/04429 and FPU18/03102 for University Professor Training

Background Treatment for coeliac disease is a lifelong strict gluten‐free diet. Although guidelines recommend regular follow‐up with dietary interviews and coeliac serology, these methods may be inaccurate. Aim To evaluate the usefulness of faecal gluten immunogenic peptides to support the diagnosis and to determine the adherence to the gluten‐free diet in coeliac children. Methods Multicentre prospective observational study including 64 coeliac children. Faecal gluten peptides, and tissue transglutaminase and deamidated gliadin peptide antibodies were analyzed at diagnosis, and 6, 12 and 24 months thereafter. Gluten consumption was estimated from gluten peptide levels. Results Most children (97%) had detectable gluten peptides at diagnosis. On a gluten‐free diet, the rate of gluten peptides increased from 13% at 6 months to 25% at 24 months. Mean estimated gluten exposure dropped from 5543 mg/d at diagnosis to 144 mg/d at 6 months, then increased to 606 mg/d by 24 months. In contrast, deamidated gliadin peptide antibodies normalised and only 20% had elevated tissue transglutaminase antibody by 24 months. The elevation of tissue transglutaminase antibody was more prolonged in patients with detectable gluten peptides (P < 0.05). Nevertheless, absolute levels of tissue transglutaminase antibody had low sensitivity to identify patients with detectable gluten peptides (P > 0.1). Dietitian assessment was only moderately correlated with gluten peptide detection (κ = 0.5). Conclusions Faecal gluten peptides testing may guide treatment of coeliac disease prior to diagnosis and during the assessment diet adherence. Further studies could determine if early identification of gluten exposure reduces the need for expensive/invasive investigations for non‐responsive coeliac disease. ClinicalTrials.gov Number: NCT02711397. España, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and FEDER funds DELIAC, IPT‐2011‐0952‐900000 España, Corporación Tecnológica de Andalucía SINGLUCHECK, 1737/0118

The aim of this study was to provide validity evidence of the Model of the Subjective Orgasm Experience (MSOE) associating its components with different types of sexual excitation. A total of 96 participants (48 men and 48 women) performed an experimental laboratory task, in which neutral and erotic content films were presented while the genital response was registered. After exposure to sexual stimulus presentation, participants reported their subjective sexual arousal. In addition, four dimensions (affective, sensory, intimacy, and rewards) of the subjective orgasm experience and the individual propensity for sexual excitation were assessed. Results showed that, in men, the affective, sensory, and rewards dimensions of the orgasm experience significantly correlated with the propensity for becoming sexually excited, and the intimacy dimension correlated with the genital response. In women, the sensory dimension of the orgasm experience positively correlated with the subjective sexual arousal. Types of sexual excitation which previously correlated with the orgasm experience were able to predict its four dimensions. The validation of the MSOE provides a more delimited explanation of the psychological experience of orgasm applicable to both sexes. It is an adequate model for both clinical and research purposes.

The Dual Control Model of sexual response has been mostly tested with men. As such, there is a lack of evidence on how such model applies to women’s experience of sexual arousal, particularly when they face a threatening situation such as the threat of sexual performance failure. The aim of the current study was to test whether the Dual Control Model dimensions predict women’s sexual responses to a bogus negative feedback about their sexual performance. In addition, 22 women were exposed to a sexually explicit film clip, while their genital arousal was being measured. During this presentation, a bogus negative feedback, aimed at increasing women’s anxiety about their sexual performance, was provided. Vaginal photopletismography and self-report questions were used as means to evaluate women’s genital and subjective sexual arousal, respectively. The Sexual Excitation/Sexual Inhibition Inventory for Women was further used to capture women’s sexual dynamics. Regression analysis on the high-order factors revealed that sexual excitation proneness was the only predictor of the subjective sexual responses, while none of the factors has predicted genital arousal. “Arousability” and “Concerns about sexual function” dimensions predicted subjective sexual arousal. Sexual arousability may prevent women of lowering their subjective sexual responses in a sexually demanding situation, while “Concerns about sexual function” may have the opposite role, thus being a target of clinical interest. This work provides new data on the Dual Control Model of sexual response, and particularly on its role in women’s sexual functioning.

Psychological-psychiatric factors have a different effect on sexual functioning in men and women. This research aimed to examine the association between psychopathological dimensions and dimensions of sexual functioning in Spanish young adults in two studies. Study 1 examined sexual functioning and psychopathological dimensions in 700 women and 516 men. Study 2 conducted an experimental laboratory task to evaluate subjective sexual arousal and genital sensations when watching visual sexual stimuli in a subsample of participants from Study 1 (143 women and 123 men). As a result, the first study showed that depression and anxiety-related symptoms had a negative effect, both in men and women, and having a partner had a positive influence on the dimensions of sexual functioning. The second study showed that anxiety symptoms were positively associated with subjective sexual arousal in both men and women, and anxiety was associated with the assessment of genital sensations in men. The differences between the results of anxiety may be explained because sexual arousal was evaluated in general terms in Study 1, whereas it was evaluated as a state in Study 2. These findings confirm that the presence of psychopathological symptoms contributes to sexual functioning, as well as the necessity of strengthening mental illness prevention programs that include sexual health components., Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (grant number PSI2010-15719), Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (grant number PSI2014-058035-R)

Orgasm and sexual desire are components of the human sexual response. The main objective of this study was to examine the relationship between the sexual desire and dimensions of the subjective orgasm experience. A sample composed of 1161 heterosexual adults, distributed into three age groups (18-34, 35-49, and 50 years old or older), completed a background questionnaire, the Orgasm Rating Scale, and the Sexual Desire Inventory. First, the effect that sex and age have on the subjective orgasm experience was analyzed. Second, correlations between sexual desire and orgasm experience were examined. Also, the predictive capacity that dimensions of sexual desire have on the subjective orgasm experience in the context of sexual relationship was examined. Results showed that age had a significant effect on the intensity of the subjective orgasm experience perceived during sexual relationships with a partner and that this experience decreased as people get older. There was an association between the components of sexual desire and the dimensions of subjective orgasm experience. Furthermore, partner-focused sexual desire contributed in a relevant manner to the subjective orgasm experience. Implications for both research and clinical field are also discussed.

Due to the complex role of sexual excitation in risky sexual behaviors, this study aimed to disentangle this phenomenon by jointly analyzing the combined role of three forms of sexual excitation: genital and subjective, and individual´s propensity. Therefore, we examined the relationship between the components of the Dual Control Model, that is, propensity for sexual excitation/inhibition, in addition to genital and subjective arousal, and sexual assertiveness and intention to engage in casual sexual encounters in which sexual risk was implicitly or explicitly present. The sample consisted of 99 heterosexual young adults (55 men and 45 women) with ages ranging from 18 to 32 years. Participants performed an experiment in the laboratory, which involved them watching a sexual clip and then being presented with two erotic excerpts (stories) depicting casual sexual encounters in which there was an existence of implicit and explicit sexual risks. In men, the propensity for sexual inhibition was the most determining variable in preventing them from sexual risk-taking. In women, intention to engage in risky sexual behaviors was better determined by their propensity for sexual excitation and sexual assertiveness in negotiating the use of contraceptive methods. This research highlights the relevance of excitation and inhibition as a trait, in addition to subjective arousal and sexual assertiveness in intention to engage in risky sexual behaviors., This research was funded through a research project granted by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (number PSI 2010-15719) and a grant for the training of university teachers awarded by the Ministry of Education, Culture, and Sports (number AP2010-4843) to Reina Granados.

Background and objectives: Adalimumab (ADA), a monoclonal humanised anti-TNF antibody, is usually prescribed as a second-line treatment in paediatric Crohn's disease (CD) patients who have become unresponsive or developed intolerance to infliximab (IFX). In the case series reported, more than 70% of patients had initially been treated with IFX. Data on short- and long-term efficacy of ADA in anti-TNF naïve patients is limited. The aim of this study is to describe our experience with ADA as a first-line anti-TNF in paediatric CD patients. Material and methods: This is a multicentre retrospective study including anti-TNF naïve paediatric CD patients treated with ADA as first-line anti-TNF. Results: Sixty-two patients (34 males), with a mean age of 13.0 ± 2.4 years and a disease duration of 7.3 (IQR 2.7–21) months were included. Median wPCDAI was 35 (IQR 24.3–47.5). Fifty-eight out of 62 (93.5%) were on combo therapy at baseline. Clinical remission at week 12 was achieved in 50 out of 62 (80.6%) and in 57 out of 60 (95.0%) at week 52. Eight patients (13%) reported adverse events. Mean height, growth rate and BMI z-scores improved significantly between baseline and week 52, especially in patients with growth failure. Conclusions: ADA treatment leads to lasting clinical remission in anti-TNF naïve paediatric patients with CD. ADA significantly improved growth rate in children with CD who had growth delay at baseline. Some patients remain in remission for prolonged time periods under monotherapy; however, some patients would require dose escalation. Resumen: Introducción y objetivos: Adalimumab (ADA), anticuerpo anti-TNF-α monoclonal recombinante de origen humano, generalmente se emplea como tratamiento de segunda línea en niños con enfermedad de Crohn (EC) que no han respondido o han perdido respuesta a infliximab (IFX). En las series publicadas más del 70% de los pacientes habían sido tratados inicialmente con IFX. Los datos sobre la eficacia a corto y a largo plazo de ADA en pacientes naïve a anti-TNF son muy limitados. El objetivo del presente estudio es describir nuestra experiencia con ADA como tratamiento anti-TNF de primera línea en niños con EC. Material y método: Estudio multicéntrico, retrospectivo que incluye pacientes con EC tratados con ADA como anti-TNF de primera línea. Resultados: Se incluyeron 62 pacientes (34 varones) con una edad media de 13,0 ± 2,4 años, un tiempo de evolución de la enfermedad de 7,3 meses (RIQ 2,7-21) y un wPCDAI de 35 puntos (RIQ 24,3-47,5). En el momento de comenzar ADA, 58 pacientes (93,5%) estaban recibiendo tratamiento inmunomodulador. A las 12 semanas de tratamiento el 80,6% (50/62) habían alcanzado la remisión clínica, así como el 95% (57/60) a las 52 semanas. Ocho pacientes (13%) presentaron efectos adversos. Se constató un incremento significativo de los z-scores de talla, velocidad de crecimiento e índice de masa corporal (IMC) a las 52 semanas de tratamiento, en especial en aquellos con retraso de crecimiento. Conclusiones: El tratamiento con ADA favorece una remisión clínica prolongada en pacientes naïve a anti-TNF. El tratamiento con ADA mejora la velocidad de crecimiento en niños con EC y retraso de crecimiento al inicio del tratamiento.

Introduction: Height adjustment is currently recommended for Z-score bone mineral density (BMD) assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry.At present there are no studies that evaluate the prevalence of low BMD in paediatric patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) in Spain following current recommendations. Objectives: To evaluate low BMD in JIA in paediatric patients with JIA in Spain following the latest recommendations, as well as to assess associated factors. Methods: Observational cross-sectional study of Spanish JIA patients from 5 to 16 years-old, followed-up in a Paediatric Rheumatology Unit between July 2014 and July 2015.Anthropometric, clinical and treatment data were recorded. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and bone metabolism parameters were collected, and a completed diet and exercise questionnaire was obtained. Results: A total of 92 children participated. The population prevalence estimation of low BMD was less than 5% (95% CI).A significant positive correlation was found in the multiple linear regression analysis between the body mass index percentile (B: 0.021; P

Romantic jealousy is a complex emotion activated by a real or perceived threat to the relationship. Romantic jealousy is an important phenomenon in public health, as it brings consequences for the subject, the couple and the rival, even to the point of death. This theory-based study performed a systematic review of the research published in major international databases and platforms, as of December, 2016. The results of 230 studies that met the inclusion criteria were classified in pursuance of the variables associated with jealousy: a) personal variables (differences in sex, sexual orientation, hormones / use of contraceptives, self-esteem, attachment style and use of alcohol); b) interpersonal variables (romantic love, satisfaction and violence); c) sociocultural variables (transcultural comparisons, features of the rival and social networks). Future studies, with sufficient statistical robustness, should achieve a clinical formulation that indicates the relevance and predictive power of each variable.

espanolSe examino la validez de la version espanola de l as Sexual Inhibition/Sexual Excitation Scales – Short Form (SIS/SES - SF), relacionando la s con excitacion subjetiva y respuesta genital ante estimulos sexuales. Una muestra de 164 jovenes h eterosexuales completo el SIS/SE S - SF y el MGH - SFQ. Despues realizaron una tarea experimental consistente en la visualizacion de un video de contenido neutro y un video con contenido sexual explicito , mientras se evaluaba la respuesta genital y la excitacion subjetiva. Los resultados mostra ron diferencias significativas entre el video neutro y el erotico en la excitacion objetiva y subjetiva en ambos sexos. Se obtuvieron correlaciones significativas entre SES y excitacion subjetiva en mujeres. La propension a excitarse explico el 18% de la v arianza de la excitacion subjetiva y el 6% de las sensaciones genitales femeninas. La inhibicion sexual relacionada con el miedo a la ejecucion sexual tuvo capacidad para discriminar dificultades en el funcionamiento sexual en ambos sexos. Finalmente, se a vala la necesidad de evaluar conjuntamente la excitacion subjetiva y la objetiva. EnglishPredictive validity of the Spanish ver sion of the Sexual Inhibition/ Sexual Excitation Scales - Short Form (SIS/SES - SF) was examined. We correlated sexual inhibition and sexual excitation with subjective arousal and genital response during exposure to visual erotic sti muli. A sample of 164 heterosexual young people completed the SIS/SES - SF and the MGH - SFQ. Participants performed an experimental sequence in which a neutral content film and an erotic film were presented. In the meantime, genital response and subjective se xual arousal were evaluated. Results showed significant differences between neutral and sexually explicit films in objective and subjective arousal in both men and women. A significant correlation between SES and subjective arousal was obtained in women. P ropensity to become aroused explained 18% of the variance of female subjective arousal and 6% of female genital sensations. Sexual inhibition related to the threat of sexual performance failure was able to discriminate difficulties in sexual functioning in both men and women. Finally, there is a need to assess the subjective sexual arousal along with the objective sexual response.

Focused ultrasound in conjunction with lipid microbubbles has fully demonstrated its ability to induce non-invasive, transient, and reversible blood–brain barrier opening. This study was aimed at testing the feasibility of our lipid-coated microbubbles as a vector for targeted drug delivery in the treatment of central nervous system diseases. These microbubbles were labeled with the fluorophore 5-dodecanoylaminfluorescein. Focused ultrasound targeted mouse brains in vivo in the presence of these microbubbles for trans-blood–brain barrier delivery of 5-dodecanoylaminfluorescein. This new approach, compared to previously studies of our group, where fluorescently labeled dextrans and microbubbles were co-administered, represents an appreciable improvement in safety outcome and targeted drug delivery. This novel technique allows the delivery of 5-dodecanoylaminfluorescein at the region of interest unlike the alternative of systemic exposure. 5-dodecanoylaminfluorescein delivery was assessed by ex vivo fluorescence imaging and by in vivo transcranial passive cavitation detection. Stable and inertial cavitation doses were quantified. The cavitation dose thresholds for estimating, a priori, successful targeted drug delivery were, for the first time, identified with inertial cavitation were concluded to be necessary for successful delivery. The findings presented herein indicate the feasibility and safety of the proposed microbubble-based targeted drug delivery and that, if successful, can be predicted by cavitation detection in vivo.

Objectives: To establish whether the duodenal mucosa microbiota of children with active coelic disease (CD) and healthy controls (HC) differ in composition and biodiversity. Material and methods: Samples of duodenal biopsies in 11 CD patients were obtained at diagnosis, and in 6 HC who were investigated for functional intestinal disorders of non-CD origin. Total duodenal microbiota and that belonging to the genus Lactobacillus using PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) were analyzed. The banding patterns obtained in the resulting gels were analyzed to determine the differences between the microbiota of CD patients and HC (FPQuest 4.5) while environmental indexes (richness, diversity and habitability) were calculated with the past version 2.17 program. Results: The intestinal microbiota of patients with Marsh 3c lesion showed similarity of 98% and differs from other CD patients with other type of histologic lesion as Marsh 3a, Marsh 3b and Marsh 2. The main differences were obtained in ecological indexes belonging to the genus Lactobacillus, with significant richness, diversity and habitability reduction in CD patients. In CD bands were categorized primarily with Streptococcus, Bacteroides and Escherichia coli species. In HC the predominant bands were Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and Acinetobacter, though the Streptococcus and Bacteroides were lower. Conclusions: The celiac patients with major histological affectation presented a similar microbiota duodenal. The ecological indexes applied to the genus Lactobacillus were significantly reduced in CD. Resumen: Objetivo: Comprobar diferencias en la microbiota duodenal al diagnóstico de la EC en relación con grupo control. Material y Métodos: Se obtuvieron muestras de biopsias duodenales en 11 pacientes con EC al diagnostico y en 6 controles. Se analizó la microbiota duodenal total así como la perteneciente al género Lactobacillus mediante la técnica molecular PCR-Electroforesis en gel con gradiente desnaturalizante (DGGE). Los patrones de bandas obtenidos en los geles resultantes fueron analizados para determinar las diferencias presentes entre la microbiota de pacientes con EC y controles (FPQuest 4.5) mientras que los índices ecológicos (riqueza, diversidad y habitabilidad) fueron calculados con el programa Past versión 2.17. Resultados: La microbiota intestinal de los individuos con histología Marsh 3c presentó similitud del 98% y fue diferente del resto de pacientes celiacos. Las principales diferencias se obtuvieron en los índices ecológicos pertenecientes al género Lactobacillus, con importante reducción de especies en los celiacos respecto al grupo control (riqueza, diversidad y habitabilidad). En los pacientes con EC las bandas principalmente fueron catalogadas con las especies Streptococcus, Bacteroides y E. coli. En los controles las bandas predominantes fueron Bifidobacterium, Acinetobacter y Lactobacillus, sin embargo los Streptococcus y Bacteroides fueron más bajos. Conclusiones: Los índices ecológicos aplicados al género Lactobacillus fueron significativamente reducidos en los pacientes celíacos. Los casos con mayor afectación histológica presentaron una microbiota duodenal similar.

This study examined the relationship between various subtypes of positive and negative sexual cognitions (NSC) based on their content (intimate, exploratory, sadomasochistic, impersonal) and sexual functioning, including aspects of sexual response (desire), sexual motivation (sexual excitation and sexual inhibition), and cognitive-affective domains (satisfaction). Participants were 789 Spanish adults (322 men and 467 women) who were in a heterosexual relationship of at least 6 months duration. Overall, the men reported more frequent exploratory and impersonal positive sexual cognitions than did the women. The men and women did not differ in the frequency of their positive intimate and sadomasochistic cognitions or in any of their NSC. Using canonical correlation, the results revealed that, after controlling for the overall frequency of NSC, the men and women who reported a higher frequency of all subtypes of positive sexual cognitions reported more dyadic and solitary sexual desire, more propensity to get sexually excited, and less sexual inhibition. A second canonical variate was identified for both the men and the women that revealed different patterns of association between the subtypes of cognitions and specific areas of sexual functioning, highlighting the role of positive, intimate cognitions for dyadic aspects of sexual functioning. The subtypes of NSC were not associated with poorer sexual functioning for either men or women, perhaps because they, on average, occurred infrequently. The findings were discussed in terms of the relationship between the specific content of sexual cognitions and the sexual functioning of men and women.

espanolLa polimiositis es una enfermedad autoinmune, caracterizada por la inflamacion de los tejidos musculares. Pertenece a la familia de las miopatias inflamatorias, junto con dermatomiositis, miositis de cuerpos de inclusion y miositis autoinmune necrotizante. En este caso presentamos un paciente varon de 39 anos admitido en el Hospital del Distrito de Bejuma en octubre de 1991, donde el paciente es evaluado durante 21 dias. Se realizaron electromiografia, biopsias del musculo esqueletico y mas pruebas de laboratorio; lo que supone una impresion diagnostica de Polimiositis. Despues del analisis de estos resultados, el paciente es dado de alta con tratamiento farmacologico; sin embargo, niega tomar los medicamentos. En marzo de 2007 el paciente es visto en el Hospital del Distrito de Bejuma despues de quejarse de dificultad respiratoria durante los esfuerzos suaves, concomitantemente tos no productiva y palpitaciones. Se concluye que la tasa de deterioro cardiovascular sin tratamiento medico constante es secundaria a la polimiositis no tratada. EnglishPolymyositis is an autoimmune disease, characterized by the inflammation of muscular tissues. It belongs to the family of inflammatory myopathies, along with dermatomyositis, inclusion-bodies myositis and necrotizing autoimmune myositis. In this case report we present a 39 year old male patient admitted to the Bejuma District Hospital in October of 1991, where the patient is evaluated for 21 days. Electromyography, skeletal muscle biopsies, and further lab tests were performed; posing a diagnostic impression of Polymyositis. After the analysis of these results, the patient is discharged with pharmacological treatment; however, he denies taking the medications. In March of 2007 patient is seen at the Bejuma District Hospital after complaining of respiratory distress during mild efforts, concomitantly non-productive cough and palpitations. It is concluded that the rate of cardiovascular deterioration without constant medical treatment is secondary to untreated Polymyositis.

Focused ultrasound (FUS) in conjunction with microbubbles is a technique to achieve noninvasive, transient, and localized blood-brain barrier (BBB) opening to enhance drug delivery to the brain. Here we explored the potential of FUS-mediated delivery of anti-alpha synuclein ($\alpha$ -syn) monoclonal antibodies (mAb) for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Transgenic A53T mice that express the human A53T $\alpha$ -syn at 6–7 months of age received 3 weekly sonications followed by one-month survival. Monoclonal anti- $-\alpha$ -syn antibodies ([MJFR1], Abcam) were mixed with in-house manufactured size-isolated microbubbles (4–5 $\mu\text{m}$ and intravenously injected before FUS sonications. Mice were sonicated using a single-element FUS transducer (center frequency 1.5 MHz) with the following acoustic parameters: peak-negative pressure 0.45 MPa, pulse length 6.7 ms, pulse repetition frequency 5 Hz, and duration of 60 $\text{s}$. Quantification using a minimum error thresholding technique demonstrated reduced $\alpha$ -syn load in mice treated with both FUS and antibody, without significant change in neuronal cell count. Reduction of a-syn aggregation was present primarily in the midbrain in both hemispheres of treated brain, but with a higher reduction in the FUS-treated hemisphere. These findings suggest that weekly treatments with FUS and anti- $-\alpha$ -syn antibodies could successfully reduce $\alpha$ -syn burden in transgenic mouse models of PD.

IntroductionFemale sexual dysfunction is a public health problem. Evidence suggests that the population of nursing women is more vulnerable to the phenomenon due to breast feeding. Thus, this protocol was developed to explore the factors that contribute to the development of sexual dysfunction in breastfeeding women.Methods and analysisThe systematic scoping review will be conducted in six stages, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols. The databases used will be: PubMed, Excerpta Medica Database, Cumulative Index for Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO, Science Direct, Web of Science and Google Scholar. The searches were made until 1 June 2018, and no retrospective time limit was used. For the organisation of the literature retrieved from the databases, the EndNote Basic manager will be used. The Cochrane model will be used for the data extraction. The analysis of the quantitative data will be carried out through descriptive statistics and the qualitative data will be submitted to thematic analysis. The methodological quality of the empirical studies will be evaluated using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.Ethics and disseminationAs it will be a review study, without human involvement, there will be no need for ethical approval. The results will be disseminated in a scientific journal, as well as in various media, such as: conferences, seminars, congresses or symposia.

Brain diseases including neurological disorders and tumors remain under treated due to the challenge to access the brain, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) restricting drug delivery which, also profoundly limits the development of pharmacological treatment. Focused ultrasound (FUS) with microbubbles is the sole method to open the BBB noninvasively, locally, and transiently and facilitate drug delivery, while translation to the clinic is challenging due to long procedure, targeting limitations, or invasiveness of current systems. In order to provide rapid, flexible yet precise applications, we have designed a noninvasive FUS and monitoring system with the protocol tested in monkeys (from in silico preplanning and simulation, real-time targeting and acoustic mapping, to post-treatment assessment). With a short procedure (30 min) similar to current clinical imaging duration or radiation therapy, the achieved targeting (both cerebral cortex and subcortical structures) and monitoring accuracy was close to the predicted 2-mm lower limit. This system would enable rapid clinical transcranial FUS applications outside of the MRI system without a stereotactic frame, thereby benefiting patients especially in the elderly population.

Noninvasive brain stimulation using focused ultrasound has many potential applications as a research and clinical tool, including its incorporation as either an extracorporeal or implantable neural prosthetic. To this end, we investigated the effect of focused ultrasound (FUS) combined with systemically administered microbubbles on visual-motor decision-making behavior in monkeys. We applied FUS to the putamen in one hemisphere to open the blood-brain barrier, and then tested behavioral performance 3-4 hours later. On days when the monkeys were treated with FUS, their decisions were faster and more accurate than days without sonication. The performance improvement suggested both a shift in the decision criterion and an enhancement of the use of sensory evidence in the decision process. FUS also interacted with the effect of a low dose of haloperidol. The findings indicate that a two-minute application of FUS can have a sustained impact on performance of complex cognitive tasks, and may increase the efficacy of psychoactive medications. The results lend further support to the idea that the dorsal striatum plays an integral role in evidence- and reward-based decision-making, and provide motivation for incorporating focused ultrasound into cognitive neural prosthetic devices.

Background: Azathioprine [AZA] and mercaptopurine [MP] are recommended for maintenance of steroid-free remission in children with Crohn`s disease [CD]. Azathioprine-induced pancreatitis, an idiosyncratic and major side effect, has been considered as an absolute contraindication for the use of a second thiopurine in IBD patients. Materials and Methods: We describe two children with CD in whom MP were successfully trialled after a confirmed azathioprine-induced pancreatitis, being well tolerated in both cases. Results: Two boys [13 and 10 years old] started exclusive enteral nutrition after diagnosis of moderate (Pediatric Crohn′s Disease Activity Index [wPCDAI] = 45) and mild [wPCDAI = 35] CD. Both developed an acute mild to moderate pancreatitis after 2 and 3 weeks, respectively, of AZA treatment but recovered fully in hospital after AZA withdrawal. They started on MP treatment without any adverse effect. They were tested for the presence of polymorphisms 238G>C, 460G>A, and 719A>G in the TPMT gene and 94C>A and 21>C in the ITPase. Both patients were wild-type for all tested polymorphisms. Conclusions: Azathioprine-induced acute pancreatitis should not be considered as an absolute contraindication for the use of MP. Further investigation is required to create a better understanding of the mechanism underlying the adverse events and to allow more possibilities for personalised therapy.

Current studies assessing sexual assertiveness in drug users are sparse, despite the fact that it would be logical to expect low sexual assertiveness in such patients. Present study had the objective to compare sexual assertiveness between consumers of alcohol, cocaine, cocaine+alcohol, heroin, cannabis, and speedball and a control group. This was assessed in a sample of 556 male drug users from 8 Spanish provinces and 356 non-user males. Results showed significantly lower Initiation assertiveness in the 35-49 year-old age group (particularly in the case of alcohol, heroin, cannabis, and speedball) and worse Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Pregnancy prevention assertiveness in drug users (in the case of alcohol, cocaine, cocaine+alcohol, cannabis, and speedball). Effect sizes ranged from low to moderate. The implications of these results are discussed.

The BRICHOS domain is encoded in more than 30 genes associated with cancer, dementia (BRI2/ITM2b) and amyloid lung disease (proSP-C). Studies have demonstrated that it delays fibril formation and toxicity of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) in vitro and in vivo, which plays a central role in the development of Aβ amyloid plaques, one hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). It has been shown that overexpression of proSP-C or Bri2-BRICHOS proteins delayed Aβ42 fibril formation in the brain and improved lifespan and locomotor function in Drosophila flies. Also, after peripheral administration, a low amount of Bri2-BRICHOS was detected in the brain parenchyma of wild-type mice, suggesting a poor passage through the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Hence our main objective is to increase the delivery rate in a safe and non-invasive way. Focused ultrasound (FUS) in presence of microbubbles has been proven to open the BBB locally, transiently and non-invasively.

This study explored the relationship between sexual double standard and rape supportive attitudes in regard to an individual's likelihood to perpetrate sexual aggression. We examined an adolescent sample of 448 boys from Peru, of whom 148 (33.3%) reported to have committed sexual aggression. Sexual contact with an unwilling partner was perpetrated by 24.8% of the total sample, sexual coercion by 14.3%, attempted rape by 12.5%, and finally, rape was perpetrated by 10.3%. In all these types of aggression, the most frequent victim was a dating partner. Compared to non-aggressors, male aggressors reported more sexual double standard and supportive attitudes towards rape. Logistic regression analyses revealed that the most relevant variable in the prediction of sexual aggression was the subject having been a victim of sexual abuse during adolescence and having rape supportive attitudes. Our findings suggest that violent attitudes are more important than the endorsement of non-egalitarian beliefs (sexual double standard) in the perpetration of sexual violence. These findings provide data from Peru, which contribute to the worldwide data on risk factors for sexual aggression in adolescent males. Este estudio explora la relación entre el doble estándar sexual y las actitudes favorables hacia la violación en el riesgo de llevar a cabo un acto de agresión sexual. Se examinó una muestra de adolescentes formada por 448 chicos de Perú, de los cuales 148 (33.3%) informaron haber perpetrado agresión sexual. En concreto, el 24.8% informó haber perpetrado contactos sexuales sin el consentimiento de la víctima, el 14.3% había cometido actos de coerción sexual, el 12.5% intentó llevar a cabo violación y el 10.3% perpetró violación. La víctima más común de este tipo de abusos fueron las parejas ocasionales. En comparación con el grupo que nunca había agredido, los varones agresores informaron de mayor doble moral sexual y actitudes más positivas hacia la violación. Un análisis de regresión logística reveló que la variable más importante en la predicción de la agresión sexual fue haber sido víctima de abuso sexual durante la adolescencia y tener una actitud positiva hacia la violación. Los resultados sugieren que las actitudes hacia la violencia son más importantes que las creencias no igualitarias (doble moral sexual) en la realización de conductas sexuales violentas. Este hallazgo, al ofrecer información de Perú, se añade a los datos existentes a nivel mundial sobre los factores de riesgo de la agresión sexual en adolescentes varones. This work was funded by the Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (Research Project A/030018/10). Open Access funded by Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos de Madrid

ResumenSe presentó una mujer de 74 años al servicio de urgencias del HRAEBI, ISSSTE, el día 2 de septiembre de 2010 con datos de desequilibrio hidroelectrolítico, hipotensión y conjuntivitis bilateral. Sus signos vitales durante su estancia en urgencias fueron: tensión arterial, 80/40mmHg; temperatura, 38.5°C; frecuencia respiratoria, 22rpm; frecuencia cardíaca 89lpm Se interconsulta al servicio de Oftalmología quienes diagnosticaron celulitis orbitaria bilateral, con no percepción de luz en ambos ojos e igualmente ausencia de reflejos pupilares. Se inició tratamiento con antibióticos intravenosos y se solicitó tomografía computarizada de órbitas y cerebro. Se internó para estabilizar su estado general; durante su estancia se diagnosticó diabetes mellitus y estado inmunosupresivo por datos de candidiasis oral y otros síntomas. La tomografía mostró celulitis orbitaria bilateral con formación de abscesos orbitarios, sin datos de proceso infeccioso a nivel bucal o de senos paranasales. La evolución de la celulitis fue tórpida a pesar de la terapia antibiótica cuádruple (cefotaxima, vancomicina, metronidazol y clindamicina; posteriormente imipenem, clindamicina y vancomicina) con desarrollo de endoftalmitis bilateral por lo cual fue necesario eviscerar ambos ojos. Se tomó cultivo directo del vítreo y 3 días después se encontró como germen causal Klebsiella pneumoniae.AbstractA 74 year old woman visited the emergency room of the HRAEBI, on September the 2nd, 2010, presenting hypotension, hydroelectrolitic disbalance and bilateral conjunctivitis. Her vital signs were: Blood pressure 80/40mmHg, T 38.5°C, RF 22 breaths/min, HR 89 beats per minute. The ophthalmologist's examination revealed bilateral orbital cellulitis, with absence of vision in both eyes and absence of pupillary reflexes. She was started on multiple intravenous antibiotic therapies, and computed tomography scans of the orbits and brain was requested. For stabilization of her general conditions she was admitted on hospitalization, and diabetes mellitus was diagnosed. She did not have prior diagnosis of diabetes. Also an immunosuppressive condition was diagnosed too due to oral candidiasis plus other symptoms. The tomography showed a bilateral orbital cellulitis with brain abscess formation, without an infection process in teeth or paranasal sinuses. Her evolution was torpid, although the antibiotic therapy and a bilateral endophthalmitis was evolved and therefore it was necessary to eviscerate both globes. We took a vitreous fluid for culture and three days later, the microbiologic results showed Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is defined as a chronic inflammatory condition causing continuous mucosal inflammation of the colon without granulomas on biopsy. It affects the rectum, and, to a variable extent, the colon in continuity and is characterized by a relapsing and remitting course. Oral 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) regimens are recommended as first-line induction therapy for mild to moderately active pediatric UC and for maintenance of remission regardless of other initial treatments. In large clinical trials in adults, mesalamine intolerance was found in 2-5 % of the patients. We present a case of an 8-year-old female patient with intolerance to mesalamine and proctitis resistant to conventional therapy who responded to rectal tacrolimus treatment. The patient started with a dose of 2 mg/day at night with an excellent response. She reported feeling better than any of the previously prescribed treatments and without feeling the discomfort of previously administered enemas. After four weeks of treatment, the dose was reduced to 2 mg/week with no relapses. Tacrolimus suppositories were very well tolerated, and no adverse effects have been reported. Although only very little data has been published, rectal tacrolimus seems to be safe and of efficacy in ulcerative proctitis resistant to standard therapy.

Purpose Currently, there is no consensus concerning the possible beneficial colonic and systemic effects of prebiotic-containing infant formula. This study assesses whether the feeding of a galactooligosaccharides (GOS)-containing infant formula (0.44 g/dl of GOS) and the subsequent feeding of a GOS-containing follow-on formula (0.50 g/dl of GOS) have a prebiotic effect on intestinal microbiota that helps to decrease infections and allergy manifestations in healthy infants during the first year of life. Methods A multicentre, randomised, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial was carried out on 365 healthy term infants enrolled before 8 weeks of age and randomly assigned to a formula with or without GOS, until 12 months of age. The incidence of infections and allergy manifestations, the antibiotics prescribed and faecal characteristics were recorded up to 12 months of age, while faecal samples were collected up to 4 months for the measurement of secretory immunoglobulin A, short-chain fatty acids and microbiota. Results A prebiotic effect on the faecal analysis was observed at 4 months of life. The GOS group showed a lower faecal pH (P = 0.019), a lower decreasing trend in secretory immunoglobulin A (P = 0.078), lower butyric acid concentration (P = 0.040) and an increase in Bifidobacterium counts (P = 0.010). Changes in faecal characteristics involved greater frequency (P < 0.001) and softer consistency (P < 0.05). The incidence of infections or allergic manifestations during the first year of life was similar in both groups, with no statistical differences (P > 0.05). Conclusions The feeding of GOS-containing infant formula produced a definite prebiotic effect consisting of changes in faecal composition and microbiota, and in faecal consistency and the frequency of defaecation. No changes in the incidence of infection or allergic manifestation during the first year of life were observed.

Sleep medicine in general and psychology in particular have recently developed cognitive behavioral treatment for narcolepsy (CBT-N). Despite a growing interest in this topic, most studies since 2007 have reviewed CBT applications for other sleep disorders. Currently, 6 reviews have been published on narcolepsy, with an expert consensus being reached that CBT represented an important adjunctive treatment for the disease. The current paper reviews the need for CBT applications for narcolepsy by generalizing the application of multicomponent treatments and performing studies that extrapolate the results obtained from multicenter studies. Nineteen studies were found in which the need-for-treatment guidelines identified the use of CBT for narcolepsy. Three additional studies were identified that evaluated the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral measures and multicomponent treatments for which treatment protocols have been proposed.

Focused ultrasound with microbubbles has been used to noninvasively and selectively deliver pharmacological agents across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) for treating brain diseases. Acoustic cavitation monitoring could serve as an on-line tool to assess and control the treatment. While it demonstrated a strong correlation in small animals, its translation to primates remains in question due to the anatomically different and highly heterogeneous brain structures with gray and white matteras well as dense vasculature. In addition, the drug delivery efficiency and the BBB opening volume have never been shown to be predictable through cavitation monitoring in primates. This study aimed at determining how cavitation activity is correlated with the amount and concentration of gadolinium delivered through the BBB and its associated delivery efficiency as well as the BBB opening volume in non-human primates. Another important finding entails the effect of heterogeneous brain anatomy and vasculature of a primate brain, i.e., presence of large cerebral vessels, gray and white matter that will also affect the cavitation activity associated with variation of BBB opening in different tissue types, which is not typically observed in small animals. Both these new findings are critical in the primate brain and provide essential information for clinical applications.

Lung ultrasound (LUS) B-lines predict adverse outcomes in heart failure (HF) outpatients. However, the prognostic significance of LUS in patients admitted with acute HF is unclear. Our study population was derived from a cohort of patients admitted to a tertiary health care center in Mexico City

El objetivo de este estudio es establecer un modelo predictivo del tipo de experiencia sexual, a traves de la evaluacion de una serie de variables psicologicas y sociodemograficas. La muestra, representativa de la poblacion de adolescentes escolarizados de Chiriqui (Panama), esta formada por 1.897 adolescentes de ambos sexos, de edades comprendidas entre los 14 y los 18 anos (M = 16.25; DT = 1.47). Los resultados mostraron que existen diferencias significativas en las variables evaluadas en funcion del tipo de experiencia sexual. Ademas, el sexo, la religion, el nivel de estudios del padre, el locus de control interno, la autoeficacia, la comunicacion con la madre, la comunicacion con amigos y la susceptibilidad, resultaron ser variables predictoras del tipo de experiencia sexual.

Introduction To date, it has been difficult to address the issue of sexual functioning and drug use, and many approaches to it have basic problems and methodological errors. Aim The present cross‐sectional study compared the sexual functioning scores of a group of drug users with those of a group of nondrug users. It explored the relationship between drug abstinence and sexual functioning. Main Outcome Measures A sample of 905 males participated in this study (549 met the substance dependence criteria and 356 were controls). All of them were assessed with the Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire‐Drugs version. Method The assessment was conducted from September 2009 to January 2011. The clinical sample was evaluated in nine different substance abuse treatment facilities. Results Results show that, overall, all dimensions (pleasure, desire, arousal, and orgasm) were moderately impaired. Yet, differences regarding preferred substance were observed. Pleasure and orgasm were the two areas most significantly impaired. In these areas, all drugs seemed to negatively affect sexual functioning. However, desire and arousal were not affected by all the substances. In addition, at least after 2 weeks of drug abstinence, no relationship was found between drug abstinence and improvement in sexual functioning. The sample studied had an average of 1 year of drug abstinence and was found to have poorer sexual functioning than the control group. Conclusions Therefore, these results seem to contradict those that argue that drug use only impairs sexual functioning temporarily. Moreover, they suggest that sexual functioning does not improve just by stopping drug use. Vallejo‐Medina P and Sierra JC. Effect of drug use and influence of abstinence on sexual functioning in a Spanish male drug‐dependent sample: A multisite study. J Sex Med **;**:**–**.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License.-- et al., [Objectives]: Treatment for celiac disease (CD) is a lifelong strict gluten-free diet (GFD). Patients should be followed-up with dietary interviews and serology as CD markers to ensure adherence to the diet. However, none of these methods offer an accurate measure of dietary compliance. Our aim was to evaluate the measurement of gluten immunogenic peptides (GIP) in stools as a marker of GFD adherence in CD patients and compare it with traditional methods of GFD monitoring. [Methods]: We performed a prospective, nonrandomized, multicenter study including 188 CD patients on GFD and 84 healthy controls. Subjects were given a dietary questionnaire and fecal GIP quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Serological anti-tissue transglutaminase (anti-tTG) IgA and anti-deamidated gliadin peptide (anti-DGP) IgA antibodies were measured simultaneously. [Results]: Of the 188 celiac patients, 56 (29.8%) had detectable GIP levels in stools. There was significant association between age and GIP in stools that revealed increasing dietary transgressions with advancing age (39.2% in subjects ≥13 years old) and with gender in certain age groups (60% in men ≥13 years old). No association was found between fecal GIP and dietary questionnaire or anti-tTG antibodies. However, association was detected between GIP and anti-DGP antibodies, although 46 of the 53 GIP stool-positive patients were negative for anti-DGP. [Conclusions]: Detection of gluten peptides in stools reveals limitations of traditional methods for monitoring GFD in celiac patients. The GIP ELISA enables direct and quantitative assessment of gluten exposure early after ingestion and could aid in the diagnosis and clinical management of nonresponsive CD and refractory CD. Trial registration number NCT02711397., This work was supported by grants from Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and FEDER funds (DELIAC, IPT-2011-0952-900000), and Corporación Tecnológica de Andalucía (SINGLUCHECK, 1737/0118).

The objective of this study was to unveil the potential mechanism of focused ultrasound (FUS)-enhanced intranasal (IN) brain drug delivery and assess its feasibility in the delivery of therapeutic molecules. Delivery outcomes of fluorescently-labeled dextrans to mouse brains by IN administration either before or after FUS sonication were compared to evaluate whether FUS enhances IN delivery by active pumping or passive diffusion. Fluorescence imaging of brain slices found that IN administration followed by FUS sonication achieved significantly higher delivery than IN administration only, while pre-treatment by FUS sonication followed by IN administration was not significantly different from IN administration only. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a promising neurotrophic factor for the treatment of many central nervous system diseases, was delivered by IN followed by FUS to demonstrate the feasibility of this technique and compared with the established FUS technique where drugs are injected intravenously. Immunohistochemistry staining of BDNF revealed that FUS-enhanced IN delivery achieved similar locally enhanced delivery as the established FUS technique. This study suggested that FUS enhances IN brain drug delivery by FUS-induced active pumping of the drug and demonstrated that FUS-enhanced IN delivery is a promising technique for noninvasive and localized delivery of therapeutic molecules to the brain.

Noninvasive brain stimulation using focused ultrasound has many potential applications as a research and clinical tool. Here, we investigated the effect of focused ultrasound (FUS) combined with systemically administered microbubbles on visual-motor decision-making behavior in monkeys. We applied FUS to the putamen in one hemisphere to open the blood-brain barrier, and then tested behavioral performance 3-4 hours later. On days when the monkeys were treated with FUS, their decisions were faster and more accurate than days without sonication. The performance improvement suggested both a shift in the decision criterion and an enhancement of the use of sensory evidence in the decision process. FUS also interacted with the effect of a low dose of haloperidol. The results suggest that a two-minute application of FUS can have a sustained impact on performance of complex cognitive tasks, and may increase the efficacy of psychoactive medications. The results lend further support to the idea that the dorsal striatum plays an integral role in evidence- and reward-based decision-making.

Introduction and objectives Metastatic Crohn's disease (MCD) is an extraintestinal manifestation of Crohn's disease, with biopsy as fundamental diagnostic tool. There are few references to MCD in children, with a 0.5-1% estimated incidence in adults. There is no consensus about its therapeutic approach. We describe our diagnostic and therapeutic experience in MCD. Results Four cases of MCD are described in our Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit in a tertiary care hospital. The age at diagnosis was between 7 and 13 years. Lesions appeared before the diagnosis of Crohn's disease in three of them, and during the course of the disease in another one, with genital location in three patients and bilateral pretibial region in the other. All four cases demonstrated non-caseificant granulomas on biopsy. Only two patients used exclusive enteral nutrition therapy with complete resolution, while other two cases received a combination of therapies (corticosteroids, azathioprine, tacrolimus, infliximab and adalimumab) because of recurrence. Only one case required surgery after poor clinical control. Conclusion The MCD is infrequent but must always be included in the differential diagnosis of cutaneous lesions in Crohn's disease, considering it could be the debut of the disease. We will rely on biopsy anyway for definitive diagnosis. In this series the genital region is verified as the most commonly affected in children. The therapeutic approach does not differ from the management of intestinal involvement.

Objetivo: Dada la ausencia de estudios psicométricos del Massachusetts General Hospital-Sexual Functioning Questionnaire (MGH-SFQ) en España, se plantea llevar a cabo su validación en la población española, examinando su fiabilidad y validez (de constructo y convergente). Diseño: Estudio descriptivo transversal. Emplazamiento: Población general. Realizado en 20 provincias españolas. Participantes: Muestra de 3.050 sujetos (45,41% varones y 54,59% mujeres), seleccionados mediante procedimiento no probabilístico por cuotas, con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 83 años (media = 41,51; DE = 13,45). Mediciones: Versiones españolas del MGH-SFQ, Sexual Assertiveness Scale, Sexual Desire Inventory e Index of Sexual Satisfaction. Resultados: El MGH-SFQ mostró una estructura unidimensional que explica un 71,35% de la varianza en la muestra de varones y un 83,56% en la de mujeres, alcanzando una fiabilidad de consistencia interna de 0,90 y 0,93, respectivamente. Asimismo, presenta una adecuada validez convergente al correlacionar sus puntuaciones con la asertividad para iniciar actividades sexuales, el deseo sexual diádico y la satisfacción sexual. El MGH-SFQ reveló también capacidad para identificar un mayor porcentaje de mujeres que de hombres con disfunciones sexuales y para detectar un incremento en su prevalencia a medida que aumenta la edad. Conclusiones: La versión española del MGH-SFQ se presenta como un autoinforme fiable y válido para la evaluación de las disfunciones sexuales en España. Sus bondades psicométricas, junto con su brevedad y sencillez en la aplicación, le convierten en un instrumento idóneo para identificar dificultades en el funcionamiento sexual en general o en alguna de las fases de la respuesta sexual en particular. Objective: Due to the lack of psychometric studies using the Massachusetts General Hospital-Sexual Functioning Questionnaire (MGH-SFQ) in Spain, its Spanish validation is proposed in the present study, by analysing its reliability and validity. Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Setting: General population. Conducted in 20 provinces. Participants: The sample consisted of 3,050 participants (45.41% men and 54.59% women) and was selected using a quota convenience sampling procedure. They ranged in age from 18 to 83 years-old (M = 41.51; SD = 13.45). Main measurements: Spanish versions of the MGH-SFQ, Sexual Assertiveness Scale, Sexual Desire Inventory, and Index of Sexual Satisfaction. Results: The MGH-SFQ showed a single dimensional structure, which explained 71.35% of variance in men and 83.56% in women. Reliability values were .90 and .93, respectively. Convergent validity was adequate as their scores were positively correlated to initiation sexual assertiveness, dyadic sexual desire, and sexual satisfaction. The MGH-SFQ identified that females showed more sexual dysfunctions than males, and detected more sexual dysfunctions as age increases. Conclusions: The Spanish validation of the MGH-SFQ is a reliable and valid self-reporting questionnaire to assess sexual dysfunctions in Spain. Its psychometric goodness of fit, together with its brevity and ease of use, make it a useful instrument to detect overall, as well as particular sexual dysfunctions. Este trabajo forma parte del Proyecto de Investigación SEJ2007-61824 financiado por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación.

The use of temporary pacing has increased dramatically with the rapid growth of TAVR and other structural heart procedures. Complications of temporary transvenous pacing leads include dislodgement causing loss of pace capture, arrhythmias and cardiac perforation. We report the results of a multi

This study presents the first psychometric data on the Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire Short-Form (CSFQ-14), a self-report instrument to assess sexual functioning, in a sample of 104 males with drug abuse history. They were collected in 2008. The questionnaire was completed along with the Addictive Behavior Questionnaire and the Brief Sexual Function Inventory. A three-dimensional factor structure was observed in the CSFQ-14: Desire (alpha = .73), Arousal-orgasm (alpha = .67) and Pleasure (including only one item). Scores indicated adequate validity, with similar values to samples of depressive patients and lower values than the normal population.

A low-intensity ultrasonic technique (that is noninvasive, nondestructive, and online) has been developed to monitor the growth of Escherichia coli in glucose minimal media under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Ultrasonic time of flight (TOF) variations were correlated with microorganism growth and the disappearance of nutrients and their subsequent conversion into different metabolites. Spectrophotometric growth data and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of released and consumed metabolites were compared with the ultrasonic data demonstrating that the ultrasound device presented can provide supplementary real-time noninvasive information about the metabolic processes taking place in the culture. A semiempirical model under aerobic conditions was developed to explain the TOF variations as a function of the glucose concentration and was modified to take into account the growth inhibition due to the initial glucose concentration. The inhibition effect was obtained by fitting HPLC measurements to the logistic function of Boltzmann. Under aerobic and anaerobic culture conditions, the metabolic processes were correlated with TOF experimental variations through a theoretical approach based on ultrasonic propagation in ternary mixtures., This work has been developed with funding obtained from the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC, Spain) under project no. 200550F0190, and by an I3P predoctoral fellowship financed by the European Social Fund. The authors thank to David K. Anthony for his careful revision of the paper.

In this study, we analyzed the reliability and validity of the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS) and propose a separation criterion between youths with specific and generalized social anxiety and youths without social anxiety. A sample of 1012 Spanish youths attending school completed the SIAS, the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, the Social Avoidance and Distress Scale, the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale, the Youth Self-Report for Ages 11-18 and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent. The factor analysis suggests the existence of three factors in the SIAS, the first two of which explain most of the variance of the construct assessed. Internal consistency is adequate in the first two factors. The SIAS features an adequate theoretical validity with the scores of different variables related to social interaction. Analysis of the criterion scores yields three groups pertaining to three clearly differentiated clusters. In the third cluster, two of social anxiety groups - specific and generalized - have been identified by means of a quantitative separation criterion.

Focused Ultrasound (FUS) coupled with intravenous administration of microbubbles (MB) is a non-invasive technique that has been shown to reliably open (increase the permeability of) the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in multiple in vivo models including non-human primates (NHP). This procedure has shown promise for clinical and basic science applications, yet the safety and potential neurological effects of long term application in NHP requires further investigation under parameters shown to be efficacious in that species (500 kHz, 200-400 kPa, 4-5 μm MB, 2 minute sonication). In this study, we repeatedly opened the BBB in the caudate and putamen regions of the basal ganglia of 4 NHP using FUS with systemically-administered MB over 4-20 months. We assessed the safety of the FUS with MB procedure using MRI to detect edema or hemorrhaging in the brain. Contrast enhanced T1-weighted MRI sequences showed a 98% success rate for openings in the targeted regions. T2-weighted and SWI sequences indicated a lack edema in the majority of the cases. We investigated potential neurological effects of the FUS with MB procedure through quantitative cognitive testing of' visual, cognitive, motivational, and motor function using a random dot motion task with reward magnitude bias presented on a touchpanel display. Reaction times during the task significantly increased on the day of the FUS with MB procedure. This increase returned to baseline within 4-5 days after the procedure. Visual motion discrimination thresholds were unaffected. Our results indicate FUS with MB can be a safe method for repeated opening of the BBB at the basal ganglia in NHP for up to 20 months without any long-term negative physiological or neurological effects with the parameters used.