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Healthy lifestyle is an indicator and influence on health problems. Self-management in dealing with this must be done productively. When uric acid is produced in excess and the processing of uric acid is decreased, uric acid levels in the blood are higher. To overcome this, non-pharmacological treatment can be done by consuming bay leaves boiled water. In addition, health education is also needed. Health education is one of the effective nursing interventions to increase awareness and knowledge. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of uric acid health education and drinking bay leaf boiled water to control gout. The research method used is pre-experimental design with pre-posttest design approach. The population was 60 respondents. The sampling method included home visits to gout sufferers. The sample was 22 respondents. Wilcoxon test was used for statistical tests. The results of the pre-posttest showed the P value was 0.001, which is less than 0.05. In other words, health education and consumption of bay leaf water effectively reduce uric acid levels. This research is recommended for the whole community because this intervention has minimal side effects, materials and tools are easy to obtain, and cost-effective so that it can be applied independently

Background. The prevalence of Gout Arthritis in the world is 34.2%. Gout Arthritis is characterized by an increase in uric acid levels >7.2 mg/dl in men and >6 mg/dl in women. This disease can be treated pharmacologically and non-pharmacologically, one of which is bay leaf and red ginger. Research purposes. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of boiled water of bay leaves and red ginger on reducing uric acid levels in patients with gout arthritis. Methods. This research method is a pre-experimental static-group comparison design. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. A sample of 60 respondents was divided into two groups of 30 respondents each, group A intervention boiled bay leaf water for 7 days, group B intervention boiled red ginger water for 7 days. Both groups were observed uric acid levels before and after the procedure using the GCU tool. Result: The results of the paired t-test analysis of group A p = 0.000 and group B p = 0.005 p value

Introduction: In recent years, an increase in the use of herbal supplements, natural products, and traditional medicines has been observed. These herbs and herbal products have been associated with complications, such as liver injury, causing high mortality and morbidity. Case Report: A 51-year-old female presented to the emergency department with a 2-week history of abdominal pain, vomiting, and nascent jaundice. In the detailed history of the patient, the daily consumption of Laurus nobilis tea was reported for 1 month at home. On physical examination, she was icteric and ill-looking. Mild right upper quadrant discomfort with tenderness was noted, but no rash or hepatosplenomegaly was observed. The laboratory tests results were as follows: serum AST/ALT ratio 1.2 (908/744 U/L), gamma-glutamyl transferase 63 U/L, ALP 124 U/L, bilirubin (total/direct) 27.0/14.0 mg/dL, and lactate dehydrogenase 420 U/L. Prothrombin time international normalized ratio was 2.77. The gastroenterology department considered fulminant hepatitis in the patient and recommended liver transplantation. The patient died while preparations for the transplant were ongoing. Conclusion: Many herbal products are known to be hepatotoxic. Laurus nobilis is a commonly consumed herbal product, and the potential of this herb to cause hepatotoxicity should be considered.

Celery (Apium graveolensL.) and Bay (Syzygium polyanthumWight) contain active compound of flavonoid which can obstruct reabsorbsion of Na and water until increase diuretic effect. This research aims to know diuretic effect combinations from celery herb and bay leaf ethanol extract 70% toward Wistar Male Mice using Lipschitz test. The research design is experimental withposttest only control group designby deviding the mice into normal group, hydrochlorothiazide group 25 mg/kg, control CMC-Na 0.5%, and combinations of celery herb (CHEE) and bay leaf ethanol extract(BLEE) treatment group. Those were made in 3 variances combinations doses which are; 1.125 mg/kg:6.25 mg/kg (combination-1), 2.25 mg/kg:12.5 mg/kg (combination-2), and 4.5 mg/kg:25 mg/kg (combination-3) and also 2 single doses of CHEE 4.5 mg/kg and BLEE 25 mg/kg. Diuretic effect is determined by a diuretic index and Lipschitz value. Urine volume is analyzed with ANOVA and continued analyzing with non parametric Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney. The results of diuretic effect combinations from CHEE and BLEE showed that the three combinations have diuretic effect with value index in series from the smallest dose combinations are; 1.83, 1.86, 2.09 at 5 hours and 1.73, 1.75, 2.02 at 24 hours. Lipschitz values are 0.78, 0.79, 0.89 at 5 hours observation and 0.79, 0.79, 0.913 at 24 hours. Diuretic energy are ; 69.84%, 72.48%, 94.12% at 5 hours and 65.79%, 67.79%, 93.15% at 24 hours. Based on the test results of diuretic effects, combinations of CHEE and BLEE have diuretic effect and combination-3 which is the closest to hydrochlorothiazide.

Celery herb contains flavonoid which can hamper cholesterol synthesis through inhibitor HMG-CoA reductase. Bay leaf has a working mechanism that stimulates bile fluid secretion and stimulates blood circulation. This research aims to know the activity combinations of bay leaf ethanol extract (BLEE) and celery herb ethanol extract (CHEE) and to know which dose mostly can decrease lipid profile levels. The design of this research uses experimental withpre-post control group design.The mice are rendered with NaCl 8% solution and High Fat Feed. The mice are divided into 9 groups, in each group there are 5 mice which are normal group, control group, HCT group, Simvastatin group, and CHEE 4.50 mg/kgBW, BLEE 25.00 mg/kgBW, combination 1, combination 2, and combination 3. Data analysis is conducted with Normality test,One Way ANOVAtest,Kruskal-Wallis,Mann-Whitney. Based on the research after they are induced with NaCl 8% solvent and given high-fat feed, the extract can increase total cholesterol levels, triglycerides, LDL, and also significantly decrease HDL (p

Bay leaves contain flavonoid active compounds including quercetine and fluoretine having antioxidative and antimicrobial properties. Bay leaves can be given as feed additive to improve body metabolism in animals. This study was aimed at assessing the effects of the inclusion of bay leaf solution in drinking water on the performance and carcass quality of male MA ducks. Seventy-two male one-day-old MA ducks were allocated into battery cages (50 cm length, 50 cm width, 78 cm height). The ducks were fed commercial rations containing 21-23% CP and 2820-2920 Kcal/kg ME and given drinking water containing bay leaf solution (LDS). A completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 6 replicates of 4 ducks each was used. Treatments consisted of drinking water containing no LDS (R0), drinking water containing 4% LDS (R1), and drinking water containing 8% LDS (R2). Measurements were taken on production performance and percentages of carcass parts. Results showed that th einclusion of LDS in drinking water gave significant effects (P0.05) on all carcass composition parameters. It was concluded that the inclusion of LDS in drinking water up to 8% resulted in a mean body weight gain of 194.88±10.88 g/head/day but did not affect the percentages of carcass and its parts including breast, wing, and thigh. It was recommended that LDS be included by up to 8% in drinking water of male MA ducks for optimal body weight gain.

Background: Traumatic ulcers are lesions of the oral mucosa caused by mechanical, chemical, and temperature trauma. Traumatic ulcer treatment aims to reduce inflammation, accelerate the healing process, and reduce pain. Bay leaf has anti-inflammatory pharmacological activities. This study aims to determine the effect of bay leaf extract on the expression of fibroblast growth factor in traumatic ulcer oral mucosa in Wistar rats. Method: This is an experimental research with a post-test only control group design, consisting of four groups with 20 sample of male Wistar rats. All animals were injured using a hot burnisher attached to the labial mucosa for 1 second. The gel was applied twice daily until the 3rd and 5th day after the ulcer has formed. Rat mucosal tissues were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining for FGF expressions. Statistical analysis using SPSS Mann-Whitney test. Result: The results showed the mean of cells expressing FGF in the bay gel extract group on the 3rd and 5th days were 8.4 ± 0.8, and 13.6 ± 0.5. Mann Whitney test results showed P

AIM: The objective of the study was to determine the inhibitory effect of bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum) on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) (MMP-9 and MMP-13) inhibitory effect in surgery-induced acute coronary syndrome (ACS) rat model. METHODS: This study was experimental animal study. Thirty-two surgery-induced ACS Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) divided into 16 bay leaf extract (treatment) group and 16 control groups were sacrificed on days 1, 3, 7, and 14 after induction. Expressions of MMP-9 and MMP-13 were determined by immunohistochemistry and its scoring was assessed by two-blinded experienced pathologists. The immunohistochemical scoring of MMP-9 and MMP-13 between groups was analyzed using independent sample t-test and within groups by using one-way ANOVA test. RESULTS: The expression of MMP-13 in treatment group was decreased compared to control group on days 7 and 14 (p = 0.001 and p = 0.015, respectively). Compared to day 1, the reduction expression of MMP-13 was significant in both control group and treatment group (p = 0.009 and p = 0.003, respectively). There were no significant changes in expression of MMP-9 between groups, and within control group and treatment group. CONCLUSION: Bay leaf can reduce the overexpression of MMP-13 in surgery-induced ACS rat model. Bay leaf extract can be considered to be given as an adjuvant to prevent cardiovascular adverse event and adverse cardiac remodeling post-ACS.

Bay leaf (Syzygiumpolyanthum) or Daun Salam is one of the plants that has many benefits, one of them is to reduce blood pressure. The aim of this study is to prove the effect of adding nanoparticles supplementation of bay leaf (Syzygiumpolyanthum) to systolic and diastolic blood pressure in pregnancy hypertension.The study was quasi-experiment. 39 respondents were divided into 19 pregnant women in intervention group and 20 pregnant women in the control group. The intervention was given for 14 days by consumingnifedipine 10mg plus 80mg bay leaf nanoparticle capsules to the intervention group.The results of data analysis showed a decrease in systolic blood pressure (p = 0.000) and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.004) when compared with the control group, which means that there were differences in the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure between the two groups after treatment. The addition of bay leaf nanoparticle supplementation 1x80 mg for 14 days affected the decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure in pregnancy hypertension. So that the supplementation of bay leaf nanoparticles can be used as adjunctive therapy in pregnancy hypertension

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an acute disease in the form of dengue virus infection which is spread through mosquito bites. The use of synthetic insecticides actually causes negative effects on the environment, so another alternative is needed, namely the use of bay leaf vegetable insecticides. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of bay leaf insecticide (Syzygium polyanthum) as an insecticide against the mortality of Aedes Aegypti mosquitoes with the liquid electric method. This study used a quasi-experimental (quasi-experimental) design with a completely randomized design (CRD) method where the experiment was conducted on 150 mosquitoes in 5 treatments and 3 replications. The results of the percentage of bay leaf solution (Syzgium polyanthum) which has the largest number of mosquito mortality at a concentration of 80 ml/200 ml of water with a mortality percentage of 60%. The result of probit LC50 analysis of bay leaf solution was 64,315 g/ml. The higher the concentration of the solution given, the greater the number of mosquito mortality. It is necessary to modify the right tools and methods to make a solution of bay leaf (Syzgium polyanthum) so that it is more effectively applied in the community. Keywords : bioinsecticide , b ay l eaf, l iquid electric , mortality, Aedes aegypti

In this study, predictive models of protein oxidation, expressed as the content of thiol groups (SH), in raw ground pork were established and their accuracy was compared. The SH changes were monitored during, maximum, 11 days of storage at five temperature levels: 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 °C. The effect of 13 plant extracts, including spices such as allspice, black seed, cardamom, caraway, cloves, garlic, nutmeg, and onion, and herbs such as basil, bay leaf, oregano, rosemary, and thyme, on protein oxidation in pork was studied. The zero-order function was used to described SH changes with time. The effect of temperature was assessed by using Arrhenius and log–logistic equations. Artificial neural network (ANN) models were also developed. The results obtained showed very good acceptability of the models for the monitoring and prediction of protein oxidation in raw pork samples. High average R2 coefficients equal to 0.948, 0.957, and 0.944 were obtained for Arhhenius, log-logistic and ANN models, respectively. Multiple linear regression (MLR) was used to assess the influence of plant extracts on protein oxidation and showed oregano as the most potent antioxidant among the tested ones in raw ground pork.

Telur memiliki kandungan gizi yang baik, namun kuning pada telur memiliki kadar kolesterol yang sangat tinggi, sehingga apabila dikonsumsi secara berlebihan akan meningkatkan risiko penyakit jantung koroner (PJK). Oleh karena itu, diperlukan suatu inovasi dalam industri pengolahan pangan untuk mengolah makanan yang lebih sehat dan rendah kolesterol. Salah satunya dengan cara melakukan penurunan pada kadar kolesterol kuning telur asin menggunakan bahan alam yaitu daun salam (Syzygium polyanthum). Penurunan kadar kolesterol pada telur asin diawali dengan pembuatan sediaan daun salam (Syzygium polyanthum) dalam bentuk ekstrak dan juga serbuk. Selanjutnya dibuat seduhan ekstrak maupun serbuk daun salam dengan konsentrasi 2%. Telur yang masih mentah direndam dalam seduhan selama 12 dan 24 jam. Kemudian dikukus dan dilakukan pengujian kolesterol dengan metode “CHOD-PAP” serta uji organoleptis yang melibatkan 30 orang panelis. Hasil penelitian menunjukan perubahan kadar kolesterol dengan penurunan kadar kolesterol tertinggi dicapai pada perendaman dengan ekstrak daun salam (Syzygium polyanthum) selama 24 jam dengan kadar kolesterol sebesar 231 mg/100g. Kadar kolesterol telur sebelum dilakukan perendaman diketahui sebesar 621 mg/100g, sehingga diperoleh presentase penurunan sebesar 62,80%. Analisis statistik ANOVA dua jalan menunjukan adanya perbedaan kadar kolesterol yang nyata. Uji organoleptis menunjukkan rata-rata konsumen cukup suka.

Catfish (Pangasius sp.) As a source of animal protein. Fish catfish have a thick white meat so that it can be processed into a wide range of diversified products. The process of fried fish cake can result in fat or autooxidation process. Autooxidation can be inhibited by the presence of antioxidant compounds. One source of natural antioxidants are bay leaf Eugenia polyantha.This research was carried out by experimental methods and the use of experimental design of randomized Complete Design (RAL). RAL is used when the material and condition of the experiment are homogeneous. This research consists of four concentrations of extract treatment bay leaf, namely 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%. Fish cake has been fried done soaking for 30 minutes. Water content showed no significant difference (p> 0.05) at 24 hours to 28, this indicated that the addition of bay leaf extract did not affect the moisture content during storage. The high water content at 0 hour is caused by the process of soaking the fish cake in the extract solution. The highest value is shown by the concentration of 30% at the hour to 0 that is 52.78%, this indicates that the fish cake by soaking can meet the quality score SNI 7757:2013 which is a maximum of 60%. The fat content in the fish cake continues to decrease, indicating the occurrence of oxidation during storage. Levels of TBA in fish cake continue to increase that can be slowed by the extract of bay leaves with a concentration of 30%.

Laurus nobilis constitutes one of the usually studied Mediterranean trees due to its therapeutic effects, nutritional properties, and ornamental use. In the current investigation, a comparative study was conducted between two types of drying methods, a microwave-assisted drying (MWD) (from 180 to 900 W) and a conventional method (open-air and oven-drying using temperatures from 40 °C to 120 °C). Drying kinetics were carried out as a function of moisture content according to time. Total Phenolic Content (TPC) as well as reducing power of obtained products were determined. Kinetic results showed that the time required for dried bay leaves became shorter as temperature and microwave power increased; drying with the microwave was much more efficient than conventional methods (open-air and oven-drying). Antioxidants of the Laurus nobilis leaves were better conserved using open-air and microwave drying. Our results underlined a significant correlation between TPC and reducing power. Microwave drying using 300 W during 130 s was the most efficient combination that provided dried bay leaves with the highest content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. Resumo O loureiro, Laurus nobilis, constitui uma das árvores mediterrânicas geralmente estudadas devido aos seus efeitos terapêuticos, propriedades nutricionais e uso ornamental. Na atual investigação, realizou-se um estudo comparativo entre dois tipos de métodos de secagem, uma secagem assistida por micro-ondas (de 180 a 900 W) e um método convencional (secagem ao ar e em forno usando temperaturas de 40 °C a 120 °C). Estudou-se a cinética de secagem determinando o teor de umidade em função do tempo. Determinou-se também o teor em fenóis totais (TTF), bem como o poder redutor dos produtos obtidos. Os resultados cinéticos mostraram que o tempo necessário para a secagem das folhas de louro diminui à medida que a temperatura e a potência do micro-ondas aumentam; secar com o micro-ondas é muito mais eficiente do que os métodos convencionais (ao ar e em forno). As propriedades antioxidantes das folhas de Laurus nobilis mantiveram-se melhor quando se usou a secagem ao ar e por micro-ondas. Os nossos resultados sublinharam uma correlação significativa entre o TTF e o poder redutor. As condições mais eficientes de secagem que permitiram obter folhas de louro secas com o maior conteúdo de compostos fenólicos e a melhor atividade antioxidante consistiram na secagem por micro-ondas usando 300 W durante 130 segundos.

So that monitoring and decreasing cholesterol level is important In general, this study aims to compare the effectiveness of salam leaf extract and statins on the decrease in total cholesterol levels in patients with hypercholesterolemia in the work area UPTD Puskesmas kerinci right 2017. This research is research quantitative with the research design used is Quasy Experimental Pretest-Postest Design by measuring total serum cholesterol levels before (Pretest) and after (Postest) Treatment given the extract of bay leaf and statin drug. This research was conducted in May 2017-Feb 2018 in UPTD area of Puskesmas Kerinci Right of Kerinci Kanan Sub-district of Siak Regency of Riau. The population in this study is hyperkolestterol patients who are in the working area of UPTD Puskesmas Kerinci Kanan Kerinci Kanan District Siak regency of Riau amounted to 12 people. The specimens examined from the sample were capillary blood to determine after addition of salam leaf extract and a 10mg statin drug. while for effectivity of giving of salam leaf extract was done paired sample with p = 0,001 with value Δ 38 while effectiveness of statin drug also paired sample with p = 0,028 with value Δ 20.

One way to improve the quality of the seed from cultured fish is to increase the immune response so that it is immune to disease attacks. This study aims to increase the non-specific immune response of tilapia by giving the optimum dose of sangkareho leaf extract. The treatment given was the difference in the dose of the leaf extract, where the difference in the dose was as follows: A = dose 0 gr/kg feed, B = dose 5 gr/kg feed, C = dose 10 gr/kg feed, D = dose 15 gr /kg of feed, and E = dose of 20 g/kg of feed. The main parameters observed were the examination of the number of Hb, He, erythrocytes, leukocytes, and survival rate (SR). Blood sampling during the study was carried out on the 16th day after being given the extract of the sangkareho leaf, and infected with A. hydrophila bacteria. The results showed that the use of the extract of the bay leaf as an immunostimulant affected the number of Hb, He, erythrocytes, leukocytes, and the survival rate of tilapia infected by Aeromonas hydropila.

Hand sanitizer products on the market generally contain alcohol which can cause dry hands and dehydration of the skin, therefore alternative ingredients that are skin-friendly and do not irritate the skin are needed such as the use of natural ingredients. One of them is bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum). Salam plant is a plant that has antibacterial properties. The main ingredients that have antibacterial properties are flavonoids, tannins, essential oils, steroids, so that bay leaves can be used as a hand sanitizer to reduce alcohol use. The manufacture of bay leaf hand sanitizer is done by extracting the bay leaves with 96% ethanol solvent. The extraction results are then dissolved with other supporting materials which are certainly safe for health. It is hoped that the bay leaf hand sanitizer will be a safer alternative to hand sanitizers than alcohol-based hand sanitizers

Plants which have a potential effect as antihyperglycemic are papaya leaf and bay leaf. Papaya leaf and bay leaf have a bioactive flavonoid component, which was suggested to have reduction effect on blood glucose. The purpose of this research was to examine the effectiveness of papaya leaf and bay leaf extract, which have been formulated in tablet form to decrease blood glucose level on diabetic Sprague dawley rats induced by alloxan. Twenty male rats were divided into four groups, Each group consists of five rats, namely group I as a positive control (metformin 12.6 mg/200g BW), group II (oral tablet 1.282 mg/200g BW), group III (oral tablet 2.564 mg/200g BW) as extract treatment group, and group IV as negative control. The treatment was carried out for 28 days. The result of this research showed that tablet of papaya leaf and bay leaf extract can be used as antihyperglycemic with the most effective dose was 2.564 mg/200g BB (group III) and the treatment for twelve days.

Plants are source of medicinal compounds. Salam leaf or Indonesian bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp) from the family of Myrtaceae are widely used as herbs and spices for cooking (culinary) and as traditional medicine for diabetes, diarrhea, and hypertension. Indonesian bay leaf contains many compounds including essential oils, tannins, and flavonoids. In this study, 70 % and 96 % ethanol extracts of bay leaf obtained from the garden in Research Center for Science and Technology (PUSPIPTEK), Serpong, Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia were tested in vitro according to α-glucosidase inhibition method to determine antidiabetic activity and to scavenge DPPH free radicals in order to determine antioxidant activity and toxicity on Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). The results showed that extraction of Indonesian bay leaf by using 70 % and 96 % ethanol extracts have anti diabetic activity (97.37 % and 95.51 % α-glucosidase inhibition) and antioxidants activities (89.66 % and 69.18 % DPPH inhibition), respectively and have very low toxic effects on brine shrimp larvae (LD50 > 1,000 µg/mL).

The use of herbal medicines and synthetic drugs simultaneously carried out by diabetics for the maintenance of blood glucose levels, such as the use of glibenclamide and bay leaf. This research was carried out to know the impact of administration bay leaf extract on glibenclamide in lowering blood glucose levels on mices that induced by alloxan. This research used 40 male mices which were divided into 8 groups. Before the experiment, the mices were first induced by alloxan (70 mg/kg BW) intravenously. The negative control was the group that given Na CMC 0,5%, KG was the control of glibenclamide 0,65 mg/kg BW, group DS1, DS2, DS3 were the control of single bay leaf extract with each dose 250 mg/kg BW, 500 mg/kg BW, and 750 mg/kg BW, group KD1, KD2, KD3 were the combination group of glibenclamide and bay leaf extract with each dose glibenclamide combined bay leaf extract 250 mg/kg BW, glibenclamide combined bay leaf extract 500 mg/kg BW, and glibenclamide combined bay leaf extract 750 mg/kg BW, with an hour interval. The data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) at 95% confidence interval with parameter of blood glucose levels difference between before and after treatment. The results showed that the administration of bay leaf extract gave significant impact on glibenclamide in lowering blood glucose levels and the effective dose was the combination of glibenclamide 0,65 mg/kg BW and bay leaf extract 250 mg/kg BW

Gout is a very painful arthritis caused by the accumulation of crystals in the joints, due to high levels of uric acid in the body. Joints that are attacked primarily are the toes, knees, heels, wrists, fingers and elbows. Apart from pain, gout can also make the joints swell, inflamed, hot and stiff so that sufferers can not do activities as usual. Management of gout is divided into three namely pharmacologically, non-pharmacologically and herbal. Management of gout in non-pharmacological salam plants (Syzygium polyanthum Wight). Salam plants contain tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and essential oils consisting of citrate and eugenol. Bay leaf can increase urine production (diuretic) so that it can reduce blood uric acid levels. Based on the assessment conducted through interviews, observations and questionnaires obtained data in RT 10 Kelurahan Murni with a KK number of 47 with 172 population, namely the elderly with gout 9.0 20 20%. The activity starts at 15:45 WIB and ends at 16:30 WIB. The activity was carried out not according to the plan that had been made because residents who came one by one and many were still waiting for other residents to come to the extension site. The activity starts with the participants coming by filling in the attendance sheet then the participants are directed to sit in the classrooms of SD N 174 to attend counseling about gout. The results of the participants' education were able to explain again the meaning of gout 80.5%, the cause of gout 78.0%, signs and symptoms of gout 90.2%, prevention of gout 90.2% and complications of gout 78.0% .

Objective: To describe the anxiolytic activity and possible mechanisms of action on the central nervous system of plants found in the region known as legal Amazon in the Brazilian territory. Bibliographic Review: For this, five plants popularly used as tranquilizers and to treat insomnia in the forms of teas and extracts were selected, they are: passion fruit, valerian, chamomile, lemon grass and bay leaf. A bibliographic survey of articles, mainly original research, reporting comparative studies of the anxiolytic effects of each plant against control groups, as well as its possible mechanisms of action on the nervous system through preclinical and clinical studies, was performed. Conclusion: All the selected plants exhibited comparable and even superior anxiolytic effects when compared to classes of drugs such as benzodiazepines, with minimization or elimination of side/adverse effects. In addition, all reviewed studies indicated some involvement of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors activation by plant chemical constituents in anxiolytic action. Due to the minimization of adverse effects and the absence of dependence, herbal medicine appears as an important alternative therapy to treat anxiety disorders.

Background Staphylococcus aureus is one of causes infection and this bacteria have been resistence for many antibiotic . Bay leaf have antibacterials substance, which stew leaves can be treat infection caused Staphylococcus aureus. The purpose of this study was to determine differences in growth inhibition zone of Staphylococcus aureus at various concentrations o f water stew of bay leaf. Method The method of this study is true experiment with posstest only control design, and used Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method with various concentrations of water stewed of bay leaf (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%,100%), positive control (chloramfenicol 30 μg) and negative control (sterile distilled water). R esult The result showed that the average diameter of inhibition zone in concentration 20% , 40%, 60%, 80% , and 100% is 7 mm, 8,4 mm, 9,6 mm, 10,5 mm and 11,5 mm. Based on statistical analysis using oneway ANOVA available the value of p (0,000) < α (0,05), so the inhibition zone is significant difference of growth inhibition zone of Staphylococcus aureus at various concentrations of stewed water bay leaf. Conclusion Water stew of bay leaf can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, and there are differences in growth inhibition zone of Staphylococcus aureus at various concentrations of water stew of bay leaf . Keywords: stew of bay leaf; Staphylococcus aureus; inhibition zone

Pharmacological therapy of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is to use antidiabetic oral. Herbal medicine are also often used as an alternative treatment by patients. Even in some cases found patients combine drugs and herbal medicine to speed up the healing of DM. This study aims to know the effects of a combination of glibenclamide and bay leaf ethanol extract (BLEE) to decrease blood glucose levels and to determine its optimal combination dose as antidiabetic. The method was inducted alloxan at dose of 120 mg/kg BW intraperitoneally. The animal test used were mice which divided into 8 groups of tests, the negative control (Na CMC 0,5 %), positive control (glibenclamide 0,65 mg/kg BW), combination 1(glibenclamide+BLEE 250 mg/kg BW), combination 2 (glibenclamide+BLEE 500 mg/kg BW), combination 3 (glibenclamide+BLEE 750 mg/kg BW), BLEE 1 (250 mg/kg BW), BLEE 2 (500 mg/kg BW), and BLEE 3 (750 mg/kg BW). After 14 days study, data were analyzed by ANOVA showed the difference in decrease of blood glucose levels combination 2 (230±23,69) mg/dL and combination 3 (233,75±9,93) mg/dL were significantly different to the negative control (4±6,82) mg/dL, positive control (150,75±11,34) mg/dL, combination 1 (170±10,51) mg/dL, BLEE 1 (134,5±4,61) mg/dL, BLEE 2 (151,25±6,72) mg/dL, and BLEE 3 (158,75±17,64) mg/dL. While combination 2 and combination 3 were not significantly different. Combination of glibenclamide and bay leaf ethanol extract decreased blood glucose levels greater than a single dosage glibenclamide or bay leaf extract. Optimal doses decreased blood glucose levels was combination 2.

Dyslipidemia is a coronary heart disease risk factor. Dyslipidemia is characterized by the elevated levels of LDL, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and the decrease in HDL. Ginger rhizome (Curcuma xanthorriza Roxb.) and bay leaf (Eugenia polyantha Wight.) are local plants that have the abilities to decrease total cholesterol. This research design was true experimental with pre- and post-control group design. Criteria of sample were white rats, wistar strain, male, age of 8-12 weeks, and body weight range of 150-200 grams. Sampling method was simple random sampling. The experimental rats were acclimatized for seven days. Hypercholesterol diet was fed two weeks, and then the rats were given intervention and get hypercholesterol diet for two weeks. During intervention, the experimental rats were divided into 6 groups of administrationi.e, rats administered with 1) carboxymethil celluse/CMC, 2) simvastatin 0,9 mg/kg BW/day, 3) ginger rhizome extract 200 mg /kg BW/day, 4) ginger rhizome extract 400 mg/kg BW/day, 5) bay leaf extract 200 mg/kg BW/day, and 6) bay leaf extract 400 mg/kg BW/day. Blood samples were taken from caudal vein and total cholesterol levels were measured by spectrophotometry. The analysis used paired T test, One Way ANOVA test. The results showed ginger rhizome extract did not effectively reduce total cholesterol. However, bay leaf extract effectively decreased total cholesterol levels with the highest total cholesterol reduction was found in rats administered with dose of 400 mg/kg BW/day i.e, 15.4 mg/dl. Bay leaf extract have the same effectivity with simvastatin as a standard drug in lowering cholesterol level.

Background: Fixed orthodontic appliance patients have a high risk to increasing plaque accumulation in tooth surface due to the presence of fixed appliance components. Using mouthwash with antibacterial agent from herbal material can control dental plaque accumulation. Bay leaf (BL) contains active compounds such as essential oil, tannin and flavonoid that have been known as an antibacterial agent. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of rinsing with 60% of BL aqueous decoction to the accumulation of dental plaque in fixed orthodontic appliance patients. Method: This research was an experimental clinical research with pretest and post-test control group design conducted on 20 subjects with age ranged between 18-25 years old. All subjects were undergoing the last stage (finishing) of fixed active orthodontic treatment. The subjects were instructed to rinse with 60% of BL aqueous decoction and 0.2% chlorhexidine as a control. Wash out period that needed between rinsing with 60% of BL aqueous decoction and rinsing with 0.2% chlorhexidine was 7 days. Each mouthwash used routinely for 7 days with same duration and intensity. Plaque scoring was measured before and after each treatment using Orthodontic Plaque Index (OPI). Result: One-way Anova test showed that there was a significant difference in the plaque index before and after treatment between the group of rinsing with 60% of BL aqueous decoction and group of rinsing with chlorhexidine (p

Cooking oil is a necessity of the people of Indonesia that is always needed. Based on the stages of manufacture, oil is divided into two, namely branded oil and bulk oil. Until now, branded oil is still the main choice even though it is economically more expensive than bulk oil. This is related to the tendency of bulk oil to experience rancidity due to oxidation reactions. The quality of bulk oil can be scientifically improved by the addition of antioxidants. Commonly used antioxidants are synthetic antioxidants such as TBHQ. Natural antioxidants are less popular because they have only stalled in the study but have not been compared significantly with synthetic antioxidants. In this study, a research is used to find out the stability of bulk oil with the addition of bay leaf ethyl acetate fraction and as a comparison of the use of TBHQ. Analysis of antioxidant activity of DPPH method was also used to find out determine the relationship between the power of antioxidant activity with the quality of bulk cooking oil. The evaluation was performed on the addition of bay leaf extract with various concentrations treated on bulk oil by heating for 20 minutes using 90˚C temperature. The results showed that the bay leave ethyl acetate fraction has IC50 value of 19.473 ppm, so it can effectively reduce the number of peroxide. The smallest peroxide number was obtained at treatment P6 (1%) that is 5,304 meqO2 / kg, where TBHQ (0,2%) as comparison have value equal to 4,147 meqO2 / kg. This shows that the antioxidant activity is very strong in bay leaf significantly affect the inhibition of bulk oil destruction. Natural antioxidant from bay leaf can prevent bulk oil from oxidation as well as synthetic antioxidants, but safer than synthetic antioxidants.

This study aims to find out the effect of bay leaf extract on the growth of Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from broiler chicks feces. A total of 5 broiler chicks from Banda Aceh were used in this study. Bay leaf used in this research was from Banda Aceh (Aceh) and Pariaman (West Sumatra). Bacteria identification was then carried out to broiler chicks feces. Once E. coli was identified, subsequently, Kirby Bauer method was done on E. coli using bay leaf extract. Bay leaf extract was diluted with 1% CMC to the concentration of 25%, 50%, and 75%. Then the paper disc was inserted into a test tube containing bay leaf extract with various concentrations. E. coli cultures grown in nutrinet broth (NB) were then swab on the surface of Mueller Hinton agar (MHA) media. Paper discs that had been soaked in various concentrations of bay leaf extract (P1, P2, and P3) and 30 mg chloramphenicol antibiotic as a positive control (P0) were stick to the surface of MHA plates added E. coli. The MHA media were then incubated at 37° C for 24 hours. The results showed that the inhibition zone of bay leaf extracts from Banda Aceh on P0, P1, P2, and P4 were 16 mm, 0 mm, 0 mm, and 0 mm, while the inhibition zone of bay leaf extract obtained from Pariaman were 15.6 mm, 0 mm, 0 mm, and 0 mm, respectively. In conclusion, bay leaf extract do not inhibit the growth of E. coli. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Key words: bay leaf, Escherichia coli, broiler chick

Cardiovascular disease still one of the highest death factor in Indonesia. Ginger as an anti-atherosclerosis could be one of the alternatives that is being developed to decrease the cardiovascular disease. The general aims of this research were determining the mechanism of ginger as anti-atherosclerosis to decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease. Research design used was “The Randomized Posttest only Control Group Design”. In this research, the experimental unit was Rattus norvegicus, male; in the age of 3 months and total number were thirty. Independent variable of this research was steeping of ginger, the dose various of steeping ginger (control, 1g, 3g, 3g + bay leaf, and 5g), and dependent variable was Tumor Necrotic Factor (TNF)α of tissue lipid. TNF α expression was measured by using ELISA method. The data was analyzed by using ANOVA. Based on the analysis, it showed that steeping of ginger was decreased the expression of TNF-α in fat tissue (1g = 551 pg/mL, 3g = 511 pg/mL, 3g + bay leaf = 493 pg /mL) compare to control (986.8 pg/mL) but on the 5 g dose there is contradictory effect that is there is increasing TNF α (1103.5 pg/mL). Conclusion, steeping of ginger potentially decrease the risk of atherosclerosis by attenuate of TNF α expression.

Introduction of this research is the result Uric acid is produced by the body, sothat its presence can be normal in the blood and urine. While the survey resultsindicate that approximately 20 residents suffer from gout. Results of preliminaryinterviews with several residents of approximately 10 people, they do not knowthat bay leaves can lower uric acid levels in the blood.Purpose of the study was to determine the effect of bay leaf decoction todecrease levels of uric acid in the village Malanggaten.Subjects of the study were all patients with uric acid in the village of the DistrictMalanggaten Kebakkramat number of 12 people who met the inclusion criteriawere already writers set.Results showed that there was an effect decoction of leaves to decrease levelsof uric acid in the village Malanggaten obtained test results with Dependentpaired t test (t test) by SPSS for windows series 18 with α = 5% (0:05) obtained p0.000 that p < 0:05, which means Ho rejected so that it can be concluded thatthere is influence of decoction of leaves to decrease levels of uric acid in thevillage Malanggaten.Conclusion of research is the effect of bay leaf decoction to decrease levels ofuric acid in the village of the District Malanggaten Kebakkramat .Keywords: Bay Leaf, Uric Acid

International Conference on Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences (ICANAS) -- APR 21-23, 2016 -- Antalya, TURKEY, The prohibition of the use of antibiotics and as a result of the adverse effect on health of synthetic products, research has focused on natural feed additives. In recent years, the diet of farm animals many feed additives have been used for various purposes or continues. These include as used in ruminant rations as plant extract thyme, anise, pepper, mint, garlic, rosemary, cinnamon, parsley, bay leaf, coconut, like used herbal extracts and their effects on the performance of ruminants was investigated. Antioxidant, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflamaotry is known to have effects of plant extract. By stimulating the digestive system of ruminants, they increase the activity of digestive enzymes, to prevent environmental pollution caused by manure, regulations rumen fermentation, inhibition of methane formation and protein degradability in the rumen as well as the animal is known to have many benefits. The structure of essential oils and plant extracts in this collection, examining the use of ruminant livestock events and the importance of the use in animal nutrition into practice will be discussed.

Objective: Increased production of reactive oxygen species is one of the causes of hyperglycemia. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Indonesian bay leaves (Syzygium polyanthum) extracts as an antidiabetic agent in decreasing blood glucose and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) level of alloxan-induced hyperglycemic Wistar rats.Methods: This research is a real experimental study with pre- and post-test control group design. The study begins with the induction of hyperglycemia in 40 Wistar rats using alloxan. Subsequently, hyperglycemic rats were divided into 6 groups, namely, the positive control group (P0); the treatment group by not giving the intake of Indonesian bay leaf (P1); the treatment group was given the extract of Indonesian bay leaves (S. polyanthum) 0.5 mg/kg body weight/day (P2); treatment group given Indonesian bay leaves extract 2.0 mg/kg body weight/day (P3); treatment group given Indonesian bay leaves 5.0 mg/kg body weight/day (P4), and P5 was treatment group with glibenclamide (hyperglycemia-lowering medication).Results: In the treatment of P1, P2, P3, P4, and P5 groups, it can be seen that there are decreases of blood glucose and AGEs level between pre- and post-test comparison. However, the most significant drop in mean plasma glucose level was observed at the dosage 5.0 mg kg-1 (P4).Conclusion: The administration of Indonesian bay leaf extracts at a dose of 5.0 mg/kg body weight/day have an antidiabetic effect through decreasing blood glucose and AGEs level in alloxan-induced hyperglycemic Wistar rats.

Background: Hypertension or high blood pressure is an abnormal increase in blood pressure in the arteries continuously over a period. Hypertension today turned out to have a tendency to be one public health problem, especially in developed countries. The prevalence of hypertension in Indonesia amounted to 31.7% of the total adult population. Hypertension has no symptoms or signs typical as early warning, most people feel healthy despite having hypertension, is a dangerous situation because it can cause sudden death. Today many people are turning to herbs for the treatment of hypertension and one of the herbs used are bay leaves. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of consumption of bay leaf decoction to decrease blood pressure in people with hypertension in Hamlet Tall rejo, Nogosari, Boyolali. This research method is a quasi-experimental research or quasi experiment with pre-post experimental design with a number of respondents 28 respondents hipetensi patients who did not use modern medicine to drink boiled water 2 times a day leaves every half a glass. The data are measured systolic and diastolic blood pressure in units of mm Hg and in analysis using test "t" pairs (α = 0.05) with a computer program. The results of this study is the average blood pressure after drinking boiled water leaves 126.43/80.18 mmHg, lower than the prior drinking boiled water leaves at 161.79/114.29 mm Hg. The conclusion of this study is boiled water leaves have influence in lowering blood pressure in patients with hypertension.Keywords: Bay leaves, blood pressure, hypertension.

PurposeThe paper is a review of current research on phytochemicals and how they may alleviate type 2 diabetes by improving insulin activity in the body.Design/methodology/approachLiterature searches were conducted to find a link between common household spices and type 2 diabetes. Only common household spices were researched so that any link found between spices and type 2 diabetes could lead to practical home‐based recommendations for changes in a person's diet.FindingsCinnamon, garlic, ginger, basil, oregano, nutmeg, tea, bay leaf, allspice, curry, and others were found to play a role in lowering blood glucose, increasing insulin sensitivity, and increasing glucose synthesis in response to food intake. In addition, these spices may improve blood circulation, decrease platelet aggregation, lower blood pressure, and act as blood vessel protectants, ameliorating the cardiovascular disease often associated with type 2 diabetes. To gain these benefits, only average amounts commonly used in foods are necessary, such as amounts usually sprinkled in foods or amounts used in recipes. At high concentrated doses, the advantages to utilizing spices may be inhibited.Originality/valueThe findings that phytochemicals in common household spices can improve insulin activity in the body present a more natural way to possibly treat and prevent type 2 diabetes.

Objectives: Extensive studies on the pharmacological activities of papaya and bay leaf exhibit that these plants effectively alleviate degenerative diseases including diabetes. However, herbal drugs from papaya and bay leaf have never been made. The aim of this research was to formulate a tablet from the combination of papaya extract and bay leaf with different concentrations (1%, 2%, and 3%) of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) K30 as a binder using the wet granulation method.Methods: Evaluation of the tablet’s physical properties (i.e., weight variation, friability, hardness, disintegration time, and physical appearance) was done using standard methods while total flavonoid in the extracts was determined by the spectrophotometry method.Results: The tablet was light brown and had both flat top and bottom, a specific odor and a bitter taste. The physical properties of the tablet were in accordance with pharmaceutical standards. The total flavonoid content in the papaya and bay leaves extract was 1.562% and 2.240%, respectively.Conclusions: It can be concluded that PVP K-30 concentration can be used as a binder to formulate dry papaya and bay leaf extracts into high-quality and ready-to-consume tablets.

The vitamin B-6 content of 42 spices was measured in duplicate using a microbiological assay. There was a wide range of values for these 42 spices (0.10–4.02 mg/100 g). Relatively high sources were the red pepper spices such as chili, cayenne, and paprika (2.45–4.02 mg/100 g), garlic (2.94 mg/100 g), and certain leaves such as basil, bay leaf, dill weed, oregano, rosemary, sage, and tarragon (1.71–2.69 mg/100 g). The seeds were relatively low sources (0.21–0.89 mg/100 g). One teaspoon (5 g) per day of some of the spices which could be considered relatively better sources of vitamin B-6, could contribute anywhere from 0.1 to 0.2 mg of vitamin B-6 (5–10% of the current RDA for vitamin B-6) to the overall daily dietary consumption of the vitamin.

Background: Bay leaf or Eugenia polyantha Wight is a species that has several chemical properties. Bay leaf consists of tanine, flavonoid, essensial oil, including citric acid and eugenol. However, only few reports were published about the use of bay leaf in dentistry. Purpose: The aim of this article is to describe the chemical properties of Eugenia polyantha Wight that are widely used in dentistry. Reviews: The chemical properties of Eugenia polyantha Wight have analgesic, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory effect, so they can be used as an alternative dental therapy. These properties can be used as a basic of therapy or as a basic ingredients of treatment. Conclusion: Eugenia polyantha Wight has some useful pharmacologic activities that are useful in dentistry. We suggest this article can be used as a basic knowledge for dental researchers.

Bay-leaf as a foreign body causing oesophageal obstruction has rarely been reported. We presenttwo such cases, and review their management.

Excerpt Foreign bodies are commonly encountered in the gastrointestinal tract. Most produce no symptoms, and only 10% to 20% fail to traverse the entire gut (1). Considerable morbidity and mortalit...

To the Editors: I read with interest the report by Buto and colleagues (1) describing bay leaf impactions in the esophagus. A technician in our endoscopy unit had phoned a week earlier reporting se...