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Background Urinary tract infections constitute a major public health concern. The aim of the study is to look into the antibiotic sensitivity profile of uropathogenic bacteria among diabetic individuals in the Diabetology Unit of the Bafoussam Regional Hospital, West Cameroon. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out in Bafoussam Regional Hospital. Urine was collected in a sterile jar previously labelled. The microorganisms were isolated on agar medium and their final identification was carried out on the API20E gallery. The antibiogram was performed using agar diffusion methods. Results Escherichia coli (25.30%) and Staphylococcus aureus (19.27%) were the most noticed species in the diabetic patients, whereas Escherichia coli (32.00%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (22.00%) were the most noticed in non-diabetic patients. There was a significant association between antibiotic resistance and diabetic status (for ceftriaxone: X2 = 23.78 and P-value < 0.001; for cefixime: X2 = 19.31 and P-value < 0.001; for ceftazidime: X2 = 9.45 and P-value = 0.008; for cefotaxime: X2 = 10.97 and P-value = 0.004; for cefepime: X2 = 27.93 and P-value < 0.001; and for ciprofloxacin: X2 = 11.13 and P-value = 0.003). Multidrug resistance rate against some bacterial species were higher in diabetic patients (62.50% for Escherichia coli, 63.16% for Klebsiella pneumoniae, and 78.57% for Staphylococcus aureus) compared with non-diabetic patients (37.50% for Escherichia coli, 36.84% for Klebsiella pneumoniae, and 21.43% for Staphylococcus aureus). Conclusions This study revealed that there is an association between antibiotic resistance and diabetic status. Research and interventions must be focused on the elderly diabetic population in order to fight against the occurrence of drug-resistant uropathogenes.

Objective To investigate the common bacterial resistance of clinical isolates in our hospital in the second half of 2011. Methodology Pathogens isolated from clinical samples in the second half of 2011 were analyzed and categorized to perform susceptibility tests. Results In the gram-negative bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae and non-fermenting gram-negative bacilli accounted for 55.89% and 34.51%. In the gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Coagulase-negative staphylococci, Enterococcus, Strptococcus pneumonia accounted for 32.85%, 40.39%, 12.41% and 10.22%, respectively. Other species accounted for 4.14%. Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were sensitive to cepoperazon, cefepime and imipenem. However,Acinetobacter baumannii was more sensitive to carbapenems antibiotics, which was followed by fourth generation cephalosporins. Klebsiella pneumoniae was extremely sensitive to amikacin, cefepime and imipenem, but was resistant to ampicillin. The detection rates of the broad-spectrum Escherichia coli, Pseudomonasaeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae were 54.51%, 52.08% and 38.65%. The gram negative bacilli were the prevalent clinical pathogens in our hospital in the second half of 2011. Conclusion The drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria has increased significantly recently, thus the surveillance of antibacterial agents is necessary, and rational use of antibiotic will be urgently needed to reduce the production and dissemination of drug resistant strains.

International audience; BackgroundLow-dose azithromycin has beneficial effects on severity of the lung disease in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients for a period of 6–12 months after initiation of the treatment. Although its impact in the longer term is uncertain, this treatment is frequently used chronically. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the effects of low-dose azithromycin treatment on the progression of CF lung disease in patients treated for more than 12 months.MethodsAll of the CF patients followed in our pediatric center and who had been on low-dose azithromycin for more than 12 sequential months were included. The clinical data were collected for one year before and three years after the initiation of the azithromycin treatment. These data comprised lung function analyses, rates of exacerbations and of antibiotic courses, and changes in the airways' bacterial colonization.ResultsA total of 68 patients were included (mean age: 9.95 yrs (3.61)). After 12 months, significant reductions in the numbers of pulmonary exacerbations and antibiotic courses were present. However, this effect was not maintained in the subsequent periods, during which increased rates of both pulmonary exacerbations and antibiotic courses were observed. The lung function decline was not modified during the treatment, and a decreasing time-dependent trend typical of CF was observed for the various parameters. No differences in the airway colonization by pathogens such as P. aeruginosa and methicillin-sensitive and/or -resistant Staphyloccocus aureus were observed during the treatment. However, isolated Staphyloccocus aureus strains became resistant to macrolides after 6 months of azithromycin and remained resistant thereafter.ConclusionsNo clinical benefits of low-doses azithromycin were present after one year of treatment in young CF patients. Selection for macrolide-resistant strains of bacteria occurred, which should lead to a reconsideration of the duration of azithromycin treatment in CF.