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Spontaneous recovery after a stroke accounts for a major part of the neurological recovery in patients. However limited, the spontaneous recovery is mechanistically driven by axonal restorative processes for which several molecular cues have been previously described. We report the acceleration of spontaneous recovery in a preclinical model of ischemia/reperfusion in rats via a single intracerebroventricular administration of extracellular vesicles released from primary cortical astrocytes. We used MRI, confocal and multiphoton microscopy to correlate the structural remodeling of the corpus callosum and striatocortical circuits with neurological performance over 21 days. We also evaluated the functionality of the corpus callosum by repetitive recordings of compound action potentials to show that the recovery facilitated by astrocytic extracellular vesicles was both anatomical and functional. Our data provide compelling evidence that astrocytes can hasten the basal recovery that naturally occurs post-stroke through the release of cellular mediators contained in extracellular vesicles.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Studies examining kidney failure patients with COVID-19 reported higher mortality in hemodialysis patients than in kidney transplant recipients. However, hemodialysis patients are often older and have more comorbidities. This study investigated the association of type of kidney replacement therapy with COVID-19 severity adjusting for differences in characteristics. METHOD: Data were retrieved from the European Renal Association COVID-19 Database (ERACODA), which includes kidney replacement therapy patients diagnosed with COVID-19 from all over Europe. We included all kidney transplant recipients and hemodialysis patients who presented between February 1st and December 1st 2020 and had complete information reason for COVID-19 screening and vital status at day 28. The diagnosis of COVID-19 was made based on a PCR of a nasal or pharyngeal swab specimens and/or COVID-19 compatible findings on a lung CT scan. The association of kidney transplantation or hemodialysis with 28-day mortality was examined using Cox proportional-hazards regression models adjusted for age, sex, frailty and comorbidities. Additionally, this association was investigated in the subsets of patients that were screened because of symptoms or have had routine screening. RESULTS: A total of 1,670 patients (496 functional kidney transplant recipients and 1,174 hemodialysis patients) were examined. 16.9% of kidney transplant recipients and 23.9% of hemodialysis patients died within 28 days of presentation. In an unadjusted model, the risk of 28-day mortality was 33% lower in kidney transplant recipients compared with hemodialysis patients (hazard ratio (HR): 0.67, 95% CI: 0.52, 0.85). However, in an age, sex and frailty adjusted model, the risk of 28-day mortality was 29% higher in kidney transplant recipients (HR=1.29, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.68), whereas in a fully adjusted model the risk was even 43% higher (HR=1.43, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.93). This association in patients who were screened because of symptoms (n=1,145) was similar (fully adjusted model HR=1.46, 95% CI: 1.05, 2.04). Results were similar when other endpoints were studied (e.g. risk for hospitalization, ICU admission or mortality beyond 28 days) as well as across subgroups. Only age was found to interact significantly, suggesting that the increased mortality risk associated with kidney transplantation was especially present in elderly subjects. CONCLUSION: In this study, kidney transplant recipients had a greater risk of a more severe course of COVID-19 compared with hemodialysis patients when adjusted for age, sex and comorbidities.

Archolaemus, one of the five genera of Neotropical freshwater fish of the family Sternopygidae (Gymnotiformes), was long considered a monotypic genus represented by Archolaemus blax. Currently, it consists of six species, most of them occurring in the Amazon region. There are no cytogenetic data for species of this genus. In the present study, we used classical cytogenetics (conventional staining and C‐banding) and molecular cytogenetics (probes of telomeric sequences and multigenic families 18S rDNA, 5S rDNA, and U2 snDNA) to study the karyotype of Archolaemus janeae from Xingu and Tapajós rivers in the state of Pará (Brazil). The results showed that the two populations have identical karyotypes with 46 chromosomes: four submetacentric and 42 acrocentric (2n = 46; 4m/sm + 42a). Constitutive heterochromatin occurs in the centromeric region of all chromosomes, in addition to small bands in the interstitial and distal regions of some pairs. The 18S rDNA occurs in the distal region of the short arm of pair 2; the 5S rDNA occurs in five chromosome pairs; and the U2 snDNA sequence occurs in chromosome pairs 3, 6, and 13. No interstitial telomeric sequence was observed. These results show karyotypic similarity between the studied populations suggesting the existence of a single species and are of great importance as a reference for future cytotaxonomic studies of the genus., In this article, we describe for the first time the karyotype of Archolaemus janeae from Xingu and Tocantins rivers, Brazilian Amazon region, relating these cytogenetic data to their geographic distribution and to the cytogenetic data already available in the literature for the Sternopygidae family.

O estudo teve como objetivo realizar um levantamento de dados epidemiológicos acerca da prevalência de infecções por cisticercose em seres humanos na região Nordeste do Brasil, no ano de 2019. O estudo foi feito com base nos dados disponibilizados pelo SINAN-DATASUS, sobre o tema. O maior número de óbitos foi encontrado no estado do Ceará. Os óbitos ocorreram em sua maioria em pacientes do sexo masculino, da faixa etária de 40 a 59 anos, com nenhum ano de escolaridade. Conclui-se que a persistência dos casos está ligada não apenas a penetrância e magnitude da doença, mas sim ao seu negligenciamento por parte das autoridades em saúde e a falta de polí­ticas de saneamento básico para a população.

OBJETIVO: Traçar o perfil clínico e sociodemográfico de pacientes com mucopolissacaridoses atendidos em um Hospital Universitário na cidade de São Luís – MA, nos anos de 2012 a 2017. MÉTODOS: Foi realizada uma pesquisa observacional do tipo descritiva, com amostra de conveniência, composta por 10 pacientes com diagnóstico de mucopolissacaridoses entre os anos de 2012 a 2017. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio da busca de informações clínicas nos prontuários arquivados no Serviço de Arquivamento Médico da instituição. A análise dos dados coletados foi efetuada mediante estatística descritiva, utilizando-se o software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, versão 24.0. RESULTADOS: Participaram desta pesquisa 10 pacientes, sendo 5 do sexo masculino e 5 do sexo feminino, havendo predomínio de pacientes na faixa etária entre 11 e 15 anos. Quanto à procedência, 90% dos pacientes vinham de cidades do interior, e apenas 10% vinham da capital. A mucopolissacaridose tipo I foi forma mais frequente, correspondendo a 30% dos casos estudados. As más-formações esqueléticas foram as disfunções motoras mais frequentes, correspondendo a 30% das disfunções citadas. As más-formações torácicas foram consideradas as disfunções respiratórias mais encontradas, correspondendo a 28,5% das disfunções mencionadas. As cardiopatias, hepatoesplenomegalia e opacidade de córnea foram disfunções sistêmicas mais frequentes, ambas atingindo 25% dos sintomas relatados. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados apresentados aqui são semelhantes a outros achados na literatura, mas cabe ressaltar que a amostra desta pesquisa é pequena, havendo a necessidade de maiores estudos no estado do Maranhão sobre esta patologia.

Objetivo: Avaliar o desempenho das atividades de autocuidado de usuários com diabetes mellitus inseridos em um programa de automonitorização da glicemia capilar no domicílio. Método: Estudo transversal, descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado no domicílio de usuários com diabetes mellitus que realizam a automonitorização da glicemia capilar, totalizando uma amostra de 279 usuários. Na avaliação das atividades de autocuidado utilizou-se o Questionário de Atividades de Autocuidado com o Diabetes, e para coleta dos dados sociodemográficos e clínico foi aplicado um roteiro sistematizado. Resultados: Os dados revelaram que as dimensões alimentação específica, atividade física e monitorização glicêmica demostra comportamento de autocuidado não desejável, enquanto adesão medicamentosa apresentou o melhor comportamento de autocuidado desejável. Conclusão: Os usuários com diabetes mellitus que realizam a automonitorização da glicemia capilar no domicílio necessitam de um acompanhamento específico, acrescido de práticas educativas contínuas que estimulem a participação efetiva nas atividades de autocuidado.

Thermocouple sensors which use cardboard tubes are used as thermal insulators to measure the temperature of liquid steel. After its use, the material is discarded, causing high waste of the cardboard tube of the immersion thermocouple (CTW). Thus, this study aimed to use it as a precursor for the production of activated carbon (AC-CTW) by activation with H3PO4. A CHN analyzer estimated the carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen contents of CTW. CTW and AC-CTW were characterized by FTIR, XRD, TGA, and SEM. Besides, AC-CTW was also characterized by XRF, zeta potential, and BET. The batch adsorption of MB onto AC-CTW was tested at various times of contact, temperature, adsorbent dosage, solution pH, and initial solution concentrations. Adsorption mechanisms were investigated using kinetic models, isothermal models, and thermodynamic studies. Elementary CTW analysis showed carbon content of 39.29%, and FTIR, XRD, SEM, and TGA revealed the predominantly cellulosic nature of the CTW. The characterizations of AC-CTW showed a material with an amorphous structure, good thermal stability, potential zeta negative, irregular and porous surface, and BET surface area of 468.9 m2 g−1. The optimum parameters of adsorption were determined as contact time of 90 min, 55 °C, pH 6, and AC-CTW dosage of 0.16 g. The Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-first-order kinetic models fitted better with experimental tests. The AC-CTW showed a maximum adsorption capacity of 182.481 mg g−1. According to the thermodynamic study, the adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic. Thereby, CTW is a potential raw material for producing activated carbon.

Rationale: The aim of this work is to describe the case of a large abscess associated with a sialolith in the parotid duct. Patient Concerns: Patient's concern is evident in this pathology, because infection untreated or rapidly spreading infections can be potentially life-threatening secondary to airway compromise or septicemia. Diagnosis: Clinical examination, ultrasonography of the region, and cone beam computed tomography were requested to confirm the diagnosis of a sialolith associated with a large abscess. Treatment: Antibiotic therapy with extraoral drainage was performed. After remission of the infection, the stone was located, removed, and the edges sutured. Outcomes: The patient was followed for 6 months. There was a minimal scar without any other noteworthy change. Take-away Lessons: The pathological changes involving the salivary glands are extremely important for diagnosis and treatment plan.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiological situation of hospitalizations for schistosomiasis mansoni in the state of Bahia in the period between 2012 and 2016. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Epidemiological and descriptive study where the number and profile of hospitalizations for schistosomiasis mansoni in the state of Bahia in the period between 2012 and 2016 were recorded. Data were obtained from the DATASUS database of the Ministry of Health. The variables used were those that already existed in the system related to schistosomiasis, with some adaptations: gender, age, color / ethnicity, number of hospitalizations, total value of services and macro-regions of health. RESULTS : In the analyzed period, 109 hospitalizations were recorded, with the majority of the population being male (67%) and in the age group between 15 to 59 years (61%). The distribution of hospitalizations by geographic areas was heterogeneous, with an Eastern macro-region of Bahia being more frequent (36) and higher spending on hospitalizations (R $ 14967.28). CONCLUSION: Schistosomiasis still remains a public health problem in the state of Bahia generating costs for the health system and negatively interfering with the quality of life and productivity of individuals.

In this work, the surface of commercial activated carbon was modified with the copper sulfate salt by impregnation method, aiming at the removal of reduced sulfur compounds from aqueous media. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersion spectroscopy, and using nitrogen gas as adsorbent, the apparent specific surface areas were determined. In addition, the semiquantitative analysis to explore the surface area was performed using methylene blue a ‘molecular probe.’ For the adsorption, was used l-cysteine as the model adsorbate. After the impregnation of activated carbon, the presence of copper in the forms of copper oxide and metallic copper was confirmed. The mapping of functional groups demonstrated the carbonaceous characteristic of the material. The photomicrographs showed crystals on the surface of the activated carbon impregnated with copper and revealed a copper atomic content of 16.8% w/w. However, the impregnation caused a reduction in the apparent specific surface, probably due to the clogging of the pores with the impregnation salt. On the other hand, the results of adsorption tests showed an increase in l-cysteine removal with impregnation, ranging from 76 to 93%. The results suggest that the adsorbent impregnated with copper is considered promising for the removal of compounds with reduced sulfur.

Background and objectives: Burnout results from chronic workplace stress leading to emotional exhaustion, negativity, and decreased professional efficiency. In the healthcare system, this can have consequences like increased medical errors, absenteeism, substance abuse, depression, and suicide among health professionals, adversely affecting patient care. Various individual-directed measures like the mindfulness-based stress reduction program (MBSR), one of the most studied and widely adopted techniques, and physical activity, like aerobics or sports, have shown to be effective against burnout. With this study, we intend to increase awareness regarding this public health issue among the residents and the faculty. Our aim is to define a successful intervention that can be incorporated as a yearly requirement for the completion of residency programs. Methodology: This study will be a phase III, multicentric, open-label, placebo (waiting list) controlled trial. Our sample size will be 720 residents sampled from 6 university hospitals from across the world, randomized into 3 parallel arms (1:1:1 ratio stratified according to site and specialty). Residents, diagnosed with burnout based on baseline Maslach Burnout Inventory score (MBI) and having no prior physical or mental health issues, will be included. The first group will undergo the MBSR program for 8 weeks, the second group will undergo a supervised aerobics program for 8 weeks, and the third group will be put into a waiting list for any of the interventions. The primary outcome will be the change in MBI scores after the intervention. The secondary outcomes will be the change in MBI score 3 months after the intervention, and changes in measures like heart rate, blood pressure, glycated hemoglobin, cortisol levels, quality of sleep and quality of life after the intervention and 3 months later. We also plan to do a subgroup analysis to see the difference based on specialty and gender. Study impact: The residency training period is considered one of the most stressful phases in medical education. Higher rates of burnout are noted in the residents, and this can negatively impact patient care and the progression of their careers. This trial will look at multiple interventions to combat burnout recruiting residents of different specialties in different work environments across the world. We hope to remove the stigma surrounding burnout in the healthcare system. This study will show the short and long term benefits of these interventions and would help us recommend their inclusion in various residency programs.

Malachite green (MG) is a triphenylmethane dye that is widely used in aquaculture as a fungicide, bactericide, ectoparasiticide, and antiprotozoal. There is great debate regarding the potential for this compound to trigger adverse effects. Here, we review the previous findings and then evaluate the lethal and sublethal effects of MG in the species Hemichromis bimaculatus (jewelfish). The lethal concentration for 50% of the fish in 96 h was 1 mg/L. We observed a dose-dependent increase in the percentage of fish mortality as well as physical and behavioral changes. We further found that the highest tested sublethal dose significantly increased the DNA damage index identified using the comet assay (74.97 ± 13.8 at a significant level of P

Second- and third-trimester ultrasounds for fetus diagnose are widely used for the prenatal evaluation of growth and anatomy. Ultrasonography should be performed when there is a medical indication. It serves as an important baseline against which later scans may be compared for the evaluation of growth and health. High-quality documentation is essential for adequate patient care.

Tibolone is a drug used as a hormonal repository and is very important due to its characteristic of helping to reduce the symptoms triggered by the hormonal alteration during the climacteric period. Although widely used, the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia does not have any information about this hormone. In the literature, only studies with methodologies using high performance liquid chromatography for drug quantification were found. Thus, this study aimed to develop and validate analytical method using UV spectrophotometry for quality control of Tibolone in capsule pharmaceutical form. The present study followed the validation parameters present in RDC 166/2017 and ICH Q2 (R1), with acetonitrile as solvent and 225 nm as wavelength. Linearity showed a correlation coefficient higher than 0.99, precision presented a mean of 97.81% and accuracy reached a recovery percentage average of 97.18%. It was concluded that the method can be used in the quality control of Tibolone capsules, besides having a low cost and a less complex methodology and easier to perform compared to HPLC.

Since the last decade, several studies have reported the presence and effects of pharmaceutical residues in the marine environment, especially those of the antihypertensive class, such as losartan. However, there is little knowledge about the physiological effects of losartan in marine invertebrates regarding its behavior under possible coastal ocean acidification scenarios. The objective of this study was to evaluate biological effects on marine organisms at different levels of the biological organization caused by the compound losartan in water and sediment under coastal ocean acidification scenarios. Water and sediment samples were collected at five sites around the Santos Submarine Sewage outfall (SSO) and two sites around the Guarujá Submarine Sewage Outfall (GSO). Losartan was found in concentrations ranging fromLOD to 7.63 ng/L in water and fromLOQ to 3.10 ng/g in sediments. Statistical analysis showed interactive effects pH and losartan on the toxicity results. The water toxicity test with Echinometra lucunter embryos/larvae showed LOECs 50-100 mg/L, with values decreasing as the pH decreased. In the sediment assays, LOEC value for sea urchin embryo-larval development was 1.0 μg/g for all tested pHs. Regarding the lysosomal membrane stability assays with adult bivalves, a LOEC of 3000 ng/L was found for Perna perna in water exposure (both at pH 8.0 and 7.6). Effects for Mytella guyanensis were observed at environmentally relevant concentrations in sediment (LOEC = 3 ng/g at pH 8.0 and 7.6). This study demonstrated that coastal ocean acidification by itself causes effects on marine invertebrates, but can also increase the negative effects of losartan in waterborne exposure. There is a need to deepen the studies on the ecotoxicity of pharmaceutical residues and acidification of the marine environment.

To describe the trends of HIV/AIDS metrics related to the burden of disease for Brazil between 1990 and 2017 we conducted a timeseries analysis for HIV/AIDS indicators by extracting data from the Global Burden of Disease study. We calculated traditional prevalence, incidence and mortality rates, the number of years lost by HIV-related deaths (YLL) and disability (YLD), and disability-adjusted life years (DALY). We estimated time series models and assessed the impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on the same indicators. In the set of disability-adjusted life years (DALY), the highest weight of its magnitude was due to YLL. There was a decline, especially after 1996, of DALY, mortality and YLL for HIV/AIDS. However, YLD, incidence, and prevalence increased over the same period. Also, the analysis of interrupted time series showed that the introduction of HAART into health policy had a significant impact on indicators, especially for DALY and YLL. We need to assess the quality of life of people living with HIV, especially among older adults. In addition, we need to focus on primary prevention, emphasizing methods to avoid infection and public policies should reflect this.

Supplementary cementitious materials interact chemically and physically with cement, influencing the formation of hydrate compounds. Many authors have analyzed the filler and pozzolanic effect. However, few studies have explored the influence of these effects on hydration, properties in the fresh and hardened states, and durability parameters of cementitious composites separately. This study investigates the influence of the replacement of 20% of Portland cement for silica fume (SF) or a 20-µm medium diameter quartz powder (QP) on the properties of cementitious composites from the first hours of hydration to a few months of curing. The results indicate that SF is pozzolanic and that QP has no pozzolanic activity. The use of SF and QP reduces the released energy at early times to the control paste, indicating that these materials reduce the heat of hydration. The microstructure with fewer pores of SF compounds indicates that the pozzolanic reaction reduced pore size and binding capability, resulting in equivalent mechanical properties, reduced permeability and increased electrical resistance of the composites. SF and QP increase the carbonation depth of the composites. SF and QP composites are efficient in the inhibition of the alkali-aggregate reaction. The results indicate that, unlike the filler effect, the occurrence of pozzolanic reaction strongly influences electrical resistance, reducing the risk of corrosion of the reinforcement inserted in the concrete.

Background. Patients on kidney replacement therapy comprise a vulnerable population and may be at increased risk of death from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Currently, only limited data are available on outcomes in this patient population. Methods. We set up the ERACODA (European Renal Association COVID-19 Database) database, which is specifically designed to prospectively collect detailed data on kidney transplant and dialysis patients with COVID-19. For this analysis, patients were included who presented between 1 February and 1 May 2020 and had complete information available on the primary outcome parameter, 28-day mortality. Results. Of the 1073 patients enrolled, 305 (28%) were kidney transplant and 768 (72%) dialysis patients with a mean age of 60 ± 13 and 67 ± 14 years, respectively. The 28-day probability of death was 21.3% [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 14.3–30.2%] in kidney transplant and 25.0% (95% CI 20.2–30.0%) in dialysis patients. Mortality was primarily associated with advanced age in kidney transplant patients, and with age and frailty in dialysis patients. After adjusting for sex, age and frailty, in-hospital mortality did not significantly differ between transplant and dialysis patients [hazard ratio (HR) 0.81, 95% CI 0.59–1.10, P = 0.18]. In the subset of dialysis patients who were a candidate for transplantation (n = 148), 8 patients died within 28 days, as compared with 7 deaths in 23 patients who underwent a kidney transplantation Conclusions. The 28-day case-fatality rate is high in patients on kidney replacement therapy with COVID-19 and is primarily driven by the risk factors age and frailty. Furthermore, in the first year after kidney transplantation, patients may be at increased risk of COVID-19-related mortality as compared with dialysis patients on the waiting list for transplantation. This information is important in guiding clinical decision-making, and for informing the public and healthcare authorities on the COVID-19-related mortality risk in kidney transplant and dialysis patients.

In this research communication we describe the creation of an equation for the prediction of milk yield (MY) from udder volume (UV). A total of 280 measurements were collected between 5 and 15 d postpartum (pp) from 36 multiparous Pelibuey ewes. Study variables were measured between 2 and 9 weeks pp and MY was measured by manual milking, UV prior to and following milking was measured using the technique of making moulds from aluminium foil. The MY ranged from 0.09 to 0.83 kg/d, meanwhile UV prior and following milking ranged from 155 to 1940 and 90 to 1520 cm3, respectively. Measurements of UV had a moderate to high (P < 0.01; 0.58 ≤ r ≤ 0.78) correlation with MY. The UV prior to milking was the best prediction model for MY, which explained 62% of the variation in MY. This equation presented moderate precision (r2 = 0.61) and high accuracy (bias correction factor = 0.94), confirming a good reproducibility index (concordance correlation coefficient = 0.73). Modelling efficiency (MEF = 0.59) showed moderate concordance between observed and predicted values. In conclusion, MY in lactating Pelibuey ewes could be predicted in a moderate way using the predictor variable UV measured with the technique of moulds made with aluminium foil.

Endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial tissue that is located outside the uterine cavity and associated with fibrosis and inflammatory reaction. It is a polymorphic and multifocal disease with no known cure or preventive mechanisms. Patients may be asymptomatic or may experience chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, or infertility. The pelvic cavity is the most common location for endometriotic implants, which usually affect the retrocervical space, ovaries, vagina, rectosigmoid colon, bladder dome, and round ligaments. Atypical endometriosis is rare and difficult to diagnose. The most common atypical locations are the gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, lung, umbilicus, inguinal area, breast, and pelvic nerves, as well as abdominal surgical scars. Gastrointestinal lesions are the most common extragenital manifestation, and the diaphragm is the most frequent extrapelvic site. The catamenial nature of the symptoms (occurring between 24 hours before and 72 hours after the onset of menstruation) may help suggest the diagnosis, but imaging by specialists is fundamental to evaluation. Depending on the area affected, radiography, ultrasonography, thin-section computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging can be used to assess suspected lesions. Because isolated extragenital endometriosis is rare, concomitant evaluation of the pelvic cavity is mandatory. Surgical excision is the only therapeutic option for definitive treatment, and comprehensive disease mapping is necessary to avoid residual disease. The authors review atypical locations for endometriosis and emphasize the most appropriate imaging protocols for investigation of various clinical manifestations. Online supplemental material is available for this article.

O óleo de Eucalyptus globulus, apresenta diversas propriedades farmacológicas. Dentre elas, destacam-se seus efeitos antissépticos, expectorantes, antifúngicos e antimicrobiano. Diante disto o presente trabalho teve o objetivo geral de avaliar a atividade do óleo de Eucalyptus globulus no controle de bactérias da cavidade oral e objetivos específicos de comparar o efeito o óleo de Eucalyptus globulus com efeito da clorexidina e determinar em quais cepas bacterianas o óleo de Eucalyptus globulus apresentava maior eficácia. A atividade antimicrobiana foi testada in vitro, em bactérias do grupo Escherichia coli (E. coli), Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) e Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) pelo método de difusão em ágar com a técnica de poços. Os poços foram preenchidos com as soluções de clorexidina 0,12% e óleo de Eucalyptus globulus em concentrações de 100%, 50%, 25%, 10%, 1% e 0,1% com a finalidade de comparar o efeito antimicrobiano pela inibição do crescimento. Os testes aconteceram em triplicata e a análise estatística foi realizada através do teste T de Student. Os dados foram organizados em tabelas para a demonstração dos resultados obtidos. Considerou-se como significante valores de p

Produtos de fonte de naturais estão sendo estudado para preservar a saúde humana, inclusive para prevenir doenças orais, pelo fato de medicamentos industrializados poderem acarretar resistência bacteriana e efeitos adversos. A própolis vermelha uma substância resinosa e complexa, de origem natural produzida pelas abelhas, têm propriedades terapêuticas, como atividade antimicrobiana e anti-inflamatória. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o efeito antibacteriano da própolis vermelha no controle de bactérias da cavidade oral e os objetivos específicos foram comparar o efeito da própolis com efeito da clorexidina e determinar em quais cepas bacterianas a própolis apresentava maior eficácia. Utilizou-se cepas de Escherichia coli (ATCC-25922), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC-29212) e Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC-25923). A atividade antimicrobiana da própolis foi determinada pelo método de difusão em ágar com a técnica de poços. Os poços foram preenchidos com 40 µL das soluções de clorexidina 0,12% (controle positivo), própolis vermelha em concentrações de 12%, 6%, 3%, 1.2%, 0,12%, 0,012% e água destilada (controle negativo). Os testes aconteceram em triplicata e a análise estatística foi realizada através do teste T de Student. Os dados foram organizados em tabelas e gráficos para a demonstração dos resultados obtidos. Considerou-se como significantes valores de p

Objetivo: analisar a influência que a osteoartrose tem sobre o equilíbrio e a marcha de pacientes idosos. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo do tipo observacional em idosos de ambos os sexos com osteoartrite de joelho diagnosticada. Inicialmente foi realizado uma palestra sobre os objetivos do estudo e após assinatura do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido foi realizado a coleta de dados sociodemográfico; avaliação da dor pela Escala visual analógia; avaliação do equilíbrio pela Escala de Equilíbrio de Berg, avaliação da mobilidade e marcha através do Time Up and Go e Teste de Tinetti. Resultados: Foram selecionados para o estudo 11 idosos com osteoartrose, todos do sexo feminino, com média de idade de 75,6 anos. Houve correlação entre o aumento da idade com a piora na mobilidade e equilíbrio dos idosos. Considerações finais: Concluiu-se nesta pesquisa, que o envelhecimento é um processo fisiológico e progressivo, no qual vários sistemas do organismo são comprometidos, principalmente o sistema musculoesquelético. Os aspectos como o equilíbrio e morbidade tem uma forte relação com o avanço da idade, podendo ter comprometimento físico e psicológico.

Pacientes adultos apresentam com determinada frequência a ausência dos primeiros molares inferiores, e a reabilitação destes espaços se faz necessárias sendo de forma protética ou com o fechamento ortodôntico. Este caso clínico traz uma paciente que apresenta má oclusão classe II e apinhamentos superiores concomitante à ausência dos primeiros molares inferiores. Foi decidido realizar o tratamento com extrações dos primeiros pré-molares superiores e mesialização por meio de ancoragem em mini-implantes dos segundos molares inferiores para o fechamento dos espaços das perdas dos primeiros molares inferiores. Os resultados foram bastante satisfatórios. A movimentação ortodôntica não causou efeitos colaterais significativos e os mini-implantes tiveram um papel fundamental para que não houvesse alteração no perfil da paciente. Conclui-se que a ancoragem em mini-implantes pode ser efetiva para a mesialização dos molares inferiores com mínimos efeitos no periodonto e no perfil.

Descrever a situação de saúde dos homens no Estado da Bahia, na faixa etária de 20 a 59 anos, considerando as internações hospitalares nos anos de 2000 e 2010. Método: Estudo epidemiológico transversal, descritivo, série temporal com dados secundários e retrospectivos de internação hospitalar de homens no estado da Bahia no período de 2000 a 2010. Os dados utilizados foram extraídos do SIH/SUS e os sobre a população são do IBGE. Resultados: Este estudo pretende apontar os principais problemas de saúde da população masculina a serem enfrentados pelos gestores e usuários nos diversos níveis do SUS. Observa-se na faixa etária de 20 a 59 anos, na população masculina, o predomínio acentuado de internações em 2010 por causas externas, na Bahia, na rede hospitalar do SUS, no comparativo com o ano de 2000, embora as variações das doenças infectoparasitárias e neoplasias, no mesmo período, sejam mais elevadas que as causas externas. Há também crescimento das internações hospitalares por doenças infectoparasitárias, transtornos mentais e doenças osteomusculares. Conclusões: A menor frequência dos homens aos serviços de atenção primária faz com que esse grupo populacional fique privado da proteção adequada à preservação de sua saúde, propiciando o uso de procedimentos desnecessários que poderiam ser evitados, caso a procura pela atenção houvesse ocorrido em momento oportuno. Há necessidade de serem criadas redes de atendimento aos homens, além da qualificação dos profissionais de saúde da atenção básica e uma maior sensibilização por parte. Descrever a situação de saúde dos homens no Estado da Bahia, na faixa etária de 20 a 59 anos, considerando as internações hospitalares nos anos de 2000 e 2010. Método: Estudo epidemiológico transversal, descritivo, série temporal com dados secundários e retrospectivos de internação hospitalar de homens no estado da Bahia no período de 2000 a 2010. Os dados utilizados foram extraídos do SIH/SUS e os sobre a população são do IBGE. Resultados: Este estudo pretende apontar os principais problemas de saúde da população masculina a serem enfrentados pelos gestores e usuários nos diversos níveis do SUS. Observa-se na faixa etária de 20 a 59 anos, na população masculina, o predomínio acentuado de internações em 2010 por causas externas, na Bahia, na rede hospitalar do SUS, no comparativo com o ano de 2000, embora as variações das doenças infectoparasitárias e neoplasias, no mesmo período, sejam mais elevadas que as causas externas. Há também crescimento das internações hospitalares por doenças infectoparasitárias, transtornos mentais e doenças osteomusculares. Conclusões: A menor frequência dos homens aos serviços de atenção primária faz com que esse grupo populacional fique privado da proteção adequada à preservação de sua saúde, propiciando o uso de procedimentos desnecessários que poderiam ser evitados, caso a procura pela atenção houvesse ocorrido em momento oportuno. Há necessidade de serem criadas redes de atendimento aos homens, além da qualificação dos profissionais de saúde da atenção básica e uma maior sensibilização por parte dos gestores Estaduais e Municipais.

Introduction: In recent years, the number of patients with end-stage renal disease has rapidly increased worldwide. In Brazil, recent surveys have undisclosed a trend towards an increase in the prevalence of this condition. Aims and Objectives: This study aimed at describing the prevalence of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) receiving publicly funded dialysis in Brazil. Methods asnd Materials: Data concerning the prevalence and mortality of patients with ESRD being provided renal replacement therapy by the SUS from 2008 to 2013 were collected at the DATASUS databank (www2.datasus.gov.br), the Authorization System for High Complexity/Cost Procedures (APAC) database, the SUS Ambulatory Information System (SIA) and the Mortality Information System (SIM) database. Results: From 2008 to 2013 there was a 25% increase in the absolute number of hemodialysis sessions (10,022,962; 12,561,623). This resulted in an estimated overall increase of 18% in the ratio of patients on hemodialysis per million population (352 pmp; 416 pmp). There were considerable differences among Brazilian States regarding the prevalence of patients with ESRD on hemodialysis. In 2013, the prevalence ranged from 173 pmp (State of Amazonas) to 531 pmp (State of Minas Gerais). The leading Brazilian States, in absolute number of patients, were São Paulo (19,301), Minas Gerais (10,940) and Rio de Janeiro (8,510), all of them in the southeast region. In 2013, the overall mean mortality rate was 18.4%. From 2008 to 2013, the renal transplantation rate increased from 35.2 to 41.6 transplants per year per million inhabitants. In 2013, hemodialysis was the most frequent modality of therapy, corresponding to 87.1% of the cases, followed by CAPD (9.2%) and APD (3.7%). Conclusion: In Brazil, chronic kidney disease is steadily increasing in prevalence and rapidly becoming a major public health concern. Therefore, policies towards prevention and strategies to avoid underdiagnose and assure broad access to renal replacement therapy should be strengthened nationwide.

Introduction: Congenital megaureter constitutes the second most frequent cause of hydronephrosis in children. There is still much debate on what extent environmental or genetic factors are involved in the pathogenesis of congenital megaureter. Objectives: This study aimed at investigating a pair of monozygotic twins discordant for the expression of bilateral congenital megaureter using the whole exome sequencing technique. Methods: Peripheral blood DNA was extracted and then sequenced using the whole exome technique from a pair of twins discordant for the presence of bilateral congenital refluxing unobstructed megaureter, his parents and a set of 11 non-related individuals with confirmed diagnosis of congenital megaureter. The DNA of the set of 11 non-related individuals was pooled in three groups. The monozygotic twins and their parents had DNA samples sequenced separately. Sanger validation was performed after data was filtered. Results: In the proband were identified 256 candidate genes, including TBX3, GATA6, DHH, LDB3, and HNF1, which are expressed in the urinary tract during the embryonic period. After Sanger validation, the SNVs found in the genes TBX3, GATA6, DHH and LDB3 were not confirmed in the proband. The SNV chr17:36104650 in the HNF1b gene was confirmed in the proband, his twin brother and the mother, however was not found in the pool of 11 non-related individuals with congenital megaureter. Conclusion: Due to the possible complex causative network of genetic variations and the challenges regarding the use of the whole exome sequencing technique we could not unequivocally associate the genetic variations identified in this study with the development of the congenital megaureter.