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For detection and isolation of Salmonella enterica, 650 meat and tissue samples were processed using Rappaport-Vassiliadis Enrichment broth and Salmonella Chromogenic agar followed by confirmation through specific antisera and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting their Specific Serovar Genomic Regions (SSGRS). Isolates were tested for 15 antibiotics (CRO, AMX, GEN, STR, TET, CHL, CLR, LVX, OFX, GAT, CIP, SXT, AMP, LIN and AZM) according to the disc diffusion method and antimicrobial resistant genes (tet(A), tet(B), tet(C), strA/strB, aadA, aac(3)IV), aadB, sul1, sul2 and sul3, blaCMY-2, blaTEM and blaSHV) using PCR. The overall prevalence of Salmonella enterica was 12%, being higher in markets (15%) as compared to poultry farms (37.2%). The MPN of all positive meat and tissue samples was found 3.6 MPN/gram (0.17-18). A total of 234 isolates were obtained, serovar Typimurium (139) and Enteridits (95) were the most prevalent. Antimicrobial resistance patterns were different in different serovars according to origin of Salmonella isolates. The overall isolates were highly resistant for LIN (93.1%, 218/234) followed by AMX (80%, 187/234), AMP (74.3%, 174/234), TET (64.5%, 151/234) and STR (64.5%, 151/234). Overall, the most common ARG was blaTEM (76%, 178/234), followed by blaSHV (71.7%, 168/234), tet(A) (64%, 151/234) and tet(B) (64%, 150/234), while the least ARG was aadB (7.2%, 17/234). Both Typimurium and Enteridits were tested in the Balb/C mice for pathogenicity. Both Typimurium and Enteridits were found to cause successful colonization, 100% morbidity but Enteriditis were found to cause 33% mortality.

Summary This study was conducted to evaluate the comparative effect of maggot meal, silkworm meal and mealworm as dietary protein source on the production performance and some aspects of meat quality in broilers. In this regard, maggot meal was reared on chicken offal and poultry waste. Silkworm meal was obtained from silk industry, while mealworm was developed through beetles rearing. A total of 120-day-old broiler chicks were randomly divided into four groups where soya bean meal (M0) was replaced with maggot meal (M1), silkworm meal (M2) and mealworm (M3) respectively. Each group was further divided into three replicates. The study was carried out for a period of 5 weeks. Diets containing mealworm significantly reduced overall feed consumption and resulted into higher weight gain (p

Organic acids can be replaced as effective feed additives with antibiotics. Organic acids and their salts have the potential to retard the development of pathogens in the diets and thus maintain the microbial equilibrium in the gastrointestinal tract. In this study, 225 day-old broiler chicks were used for a period of 21 days in order to examine the effect of different levels of organic acids (OA) on performance of broiler. The following parameters: feed intake, water consumption, weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), total Salmonella and E. coli count, weight of visceral organs and length of intestine were studied during starter phase. The experimental chicks were divided into five groups (n=5, 15 birds/replicate). The chicks in control group OA-0 were offered clean drinking water having no organic acid while those in group OA-1, OA-1.5 and OA-2 were given 1, 1.5 and 2ml of organic acid blend. Each litter of drinking water contained citric acid 80g, lactic acid 52g, phosphorous 92g, copper sulphate 10g, respectively. Organic acid (2ml/L) supplementation significantly (p

An attempt was made to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of wild mint (Mentha Ingifolia) on the overall performance of broiler chicks at NWFP Agricultural University, Peshawar in July 2005. Three levels of fresh wild mint infusion at the rate of 50, 40 and 30 mL L(-1) of fresh drinking water were provided to chicks in groups A, B and C, respectively and group D was kept as control, each group was replicated four times with 10 chicks per replicate, reared for 35 days, in an open sided house in cages of the same size. No vaccination was practiced. Data were recorded daily for feed intake, water intake and for weight gain on weekly basis. Feed conversion efficiency, dressing percentage, percent mortality, weight of different body organs (breast, thigh and leg), giblets (liver, heart and gizzard), intestine and economics for each group was calculated at the end of experimental period. It was found that group B receiving 40 mL L(-1) of wild mint infusion in drinking water had a significant (p < 0.05) effect on mean body weight gain, feed intake, water intake, feed conversion efficiency, dressing percentage and weight of different body organs (breast, thigh and leg). Significant (p < 0.05) differences were also found in mortality, highest mortality was observed in group D (10%) as compared with groups A, B and C, however there was no significant effect on giblets (liver, heart, gizzard), intestine and weight of abdominal fat. Mean feed cost and gross return was significantly (p < 0.05) effected for group B. Feed cost was lower and gross return was significantly (p < 0.05) higher for group B than other treated groups and control.

Abstract 5124 Background & Objectives: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a complex genetic disease involving many fusion oncogenes (FGs) (Xu et al., 2012). The frequency of various FO can vary in different ethnic groups & these FGs have important implications for prognosis & treatment outcome (van-Dongen et al, 1999). Methods: We studied FGs in 101 pediatric ALL patients using Interphase FISH & RT-PCR (van-Dongen et al, 1999), & their association with clinical features & treatment outcome. Results: Five most common FGs i. e. BCR-ABL [t(9;22)], TCF3-PBX1 [t(1;19)], ETV6-RUNX1 [t(12;21)], MLL-AF4 [t(4;11)] & SIL-TAL1 (del 1p32) were found in 89/101 (88. 1%) patients. Frequency of BCR-ABL was 44. 5% (45/101) (Table 1). BCR-ABL positive patients had a significantly lower survival (43. 73 ± 4. 24 weeks) (Figure 1)& higher white cell count as compared to others except patients with MLL-AF4. The highest relapse-free survival (RFS) was documented in ETV6-RUNX1 (14. 167 months) followed closely by those cases in which no gene was detected (13/100). RFS in BCR-ABL, MLL-ASF4, TCF-PBX4 & SIL-TAL1 was less than 10 months (7. 994, 3. 559, 5. 500 & 8. 080 months respectively) (Figure 2 & 3). BCR-ABL: Frequency of occurrence was directly proportional to age (3 less than 2 year age group, 16 in the 2–7 year age group & 26 in the older than 7 group. Total leukocyte count (TLC) was higher when compared to patients with other oncogenes. Organomegaly was not common. BCR-ABL positivity was associated with low remission rates & shortened survival. ETV6-RUNX1: The median age of the patients was 1. 85 years. The gene frequency was highest in patients younger than 2 years. TLC was not very high & patients had a good prognosis. MLL-AF4: 17 patients had MLL-AF4 gene rearrangement with a median age of 9 years. Five patients were younger than 2 years, two between 2 & 7 years, & ten patients were in the 7–15 age group. Majority of our patients were older unlike the usual occurrence where most of the patients are infants. TCF3-PBX1: This FG occurs in around 2% of patients. Only two female patients were diagnosed with this translocation. Both the patients were over 2 years of age. It was associated with an inferior outcome in the context of response to chemotherapy & a higher risk of CNS relapse although small numbers preclude any firm conclusions. SIL-TAL1: Patients were older than 2 years, with the majority falling in the age range 7 to 15 years. The immunophenotype data were available in all SIL-TAL1 patients showing this fusion gene was associated with T-ALL with organomegaly being observed frequently. Discussion & Conclusion: This is the first study from Pakistan correlating molecular markers with disease biology & treatment outcome in pediatric ALL. Our study revealed the highest reported frequency of BCR-ABL FO in pediatric ALL, in consistent with various other reports from Pakistan & rest of the world ((Iqbal & Akhtar, 2007; Faiz et al., 2011; (Gaynon et al., 1997; Iacobucci et al., 2012).) which, consequently, was associated with poor overall survival. The data indicates an immediate need for incorporation of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the treatment of BCR-ABL+ pediatric ALL in this population & the development of facilities for stem cell transplantation. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

5115 Introduction: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a heterogeneous lymphoid disorder with many genetic abnormalities of which fusion oncogenes (FGs) are very common with a known role in leukemogenesis ( Harrison & Foroni , 2002). Although prognostic significance of FGs is well characterized in pediatric ALL, the role of FGs in adult ALL is not well established (Moorman et al., 2007). Methods: We studied the frequency and association of five most common FGs namely BCR-ABL, MLL-AF4, ETV6-RUNX11, E2A-PBX1 and SIL-TAL1 with disease biology and treatment outcome in adult ALL. FGs were studied at diagnosis in 104 adult ALL patients using RT-PCR (Van-Dongen et al, 1999) and Interphase FISH. Results: FGs were found in 78. 8% (82/104) subjects ([Table 1][1]). Overall survival (OS) and relapse free survival (RFS) were 26. 17 and 11. 147 months, respectively ([Figures 1][2]–[2][3]). Patients with MLL-AF4 (12. 19%) showed an elevated total leukocyte count (TLC), prominent organomegaly, frequent central nervous system (CNS) involvement, and a poor clinical outcome (OS=8. 8 months). SIL-TAL1 (35. 36%) was associated with lymphadenopathy, frequent organomegaly, low platelets count and poor survival. Patients with BCR-ABL (20. 3%) had high TLC (p-value 30,000 | 10 (48) | 1 (20) | 3 (70) | 13 (45) | 7 (41.1) | 1 | | Hepatomegaly | | | | | | | | No | 11 (52) | 2 (40) | 5 (50) | 24 (83) | 15 (88) | 22 | | yes | 10 (48) | 3 (60) | 5 (50) | 5 (17) | 2 (12) | | | Splenomegaly | | | | | | | | No | 5 (24) | 5 (100) | 5 (50) | 21 (72) | 14 (82) | 20 | | Yes | 16 (76) | | 5 (50) | 8 (28) | 3 (18) | 2 | | Lymphadenopathy | | | | | | | | No | 3 (14) | 4 (80) | 5 (50) | 21 (21) | 2 (12) | 8 | | yes | 18 (86) | 1 (20) | 5 (50) | 8 (28) | 15 (88) | 14 | | Platelets | | | | | | | | 50,000 | 1 (5) | 4 (80) | 1 (10) | 23 (79) | 12 (71) | 20 | | Immunophenotyping | | | | | | | | T-ALL | | | | 24 (83) | | | | B-ALL | 3 (14) | 2 (40) | 2 (20) | | 9 (53) | 2 | | Unknown | 19 (90) | 3 (60) | 8 (80) | 5 (17) | 8 (47) | 20 | | CR | | | | | | | | 4 weeks | 14 (66) | 1 (20) | 2 (20) | 1 (3) | 3 (18) | 3 | | No remission | 3 (14) | | 2 (20) | 8 (28) | 3 (18) | 4 | Table 1: Comparison of the clinical characteristic of different FGs in ALL adult patients ![Figure][4] ![Figure][4] Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare. [1]: #T1 [2]: #F1 [3]: #F2 [4]: pending:yes

The most prevailing bacteria in distribution is Clostridium perfringens C. perfringens which is ranked 1st among fatal diseases in small ruminants. This rapidly growing food borne pathogen is present in water, food, soil, air, and humans and animals intestinal tract. In the present study, a cross-sectional study was performed to sort out the prevalence of C. perfringens types estimation in various retail meats and areas of Mardan district, Pakistan. 600 fresh meat samples equally from cows, sheep and goats were collected from retail shops. C. perfringens was diagnosed in various types of meat however highest prevalence was found in goats 174/200 87% followed by sheep 103/200 51.5% while the least prevalence was in cow meat 89/200 44.5% . All obtained isolates were further genotyped through multiplex PCR indicating 93/174 53.45% C. perfringens type A, 16/174 9.19% type B, 3/174 1.72% type C and 62/174 35.63% type D in goat isolates. 53/103 51.46% C. perfringens type A, 11/103 10.68% type B, 3/103 2.91% type C and 36/103 34.95% type D in sheep isolates. 73/89 82.02% C. perfringens type A, 9/89 10.11% type D and 7/89 7.86% type E in cow isolates. Out of 89 cow meat isolates 4 4.49% carried cpe gene, 16 17.98% contained cpb2 gene and 1 1.12% carried both cpe and cpb2 genes. In 103 sheep meat isolates, 2 1.94% carried cpe gene, 8 7.77% carried cpb2 gene and 3 2.91% carried both cpe and cpb2 genes. In 174 goat?s meat isolates, 3 1.72% carried cpe gene, 18 10.34% carried cpb2 gene while 1.72% carried both cpe and cpb2 genes. While analyzing prevalence in months and area wise, no significance was observed through chi-square test. It indicates that this pathogen is prevalent in various meat sources in Mardan and could be a threat to public health.