Author: "Andrea Edwards" / Topic: medicine - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

26 results on '"Andrea Edwards"'

1. Quitting smoking after a cancer diagnosis is associated with high-risk neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio among tobacco use-related cancer survivors

Author: You Lu, Katherine Kwong, James Wells, Andrea Edwards, Zhong Chen, Tung-Sung Tseng, and Kun Zhang
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Abstract Quitting smoking could potentially minimize the risk of a high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) among tobacco use-related (TUR) cancer survivors. A total of 1263 TUR cancer survivors aged 20 to 85 years old were investigated using data from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey 1999–2018. The primary outcome was the NLR, which was defined as having two levels: high-risk (≥ 3) and low-risk (
Published: 2023
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2. Somatic mutations favorable to patient survival are predominant in ovarian carcinomas.

Author: Wensheng Zhang, Andrea Edwards, Erik Flemington, and Kun Zhang
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Somatic mutation accumulation is a major cause of abnormal cell growth. However, some mutations in cancer cells may be deleterious to the survival and proliferation of the cancer cells, thus offering a protective effect to the patients. We investigated this hypothesis via a unique analysis of the clinical and somatic mutation datasets of ovarian carcinomas published by the Cancer Genome Atlas. We defined and screened 562 macro mutation signatures (MMSs) for their associations with the overall survival of 320 ovarian cancer patients. Each MMS measures the number of mutations present on the member genes (except for TP53) covered by a specific Gene Ontology (GO) term in each tumor. We found that somatic mutations favorable to the patient survival are predominant in ovarian carcinomas compared to those indicating poor clinical outcomes. Specially, we identified 19 (3) predictive MMSs that are, usually by a nonlinear dose-dependent effect, associated with good (poor) patient survival. The false discovery rate for the 19 "positive" predictors is at the level of 0.15. The GO terms corresponding to these MMSs include "lysosomal membrane" and "response to hypoxia", each of which is relevant to the progression and therapy of cancer. Using these MMSs as features, we established a classification tree model which can effectively partition the training samples into three prognosis groups regarding the survival time. We validated this model on an independent dataset of the same disease (Log-rank p-value < 2.3 × 10(-4)) and a dataset of breast cancer (Log-rank p-value < 9.3 × 10(-3)). We compared the GO terms corresponding to these MMSs and those enriched with expression-based predictive genes. The analysis showed that the GO term pairs with large similarity are mainly pertinent to the proteins located on the cell organelles responsible for material transport and waste disposal, suggesting the crucial role of these proteins in cancer mortality.
Published: 2014
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3. Inferring polymorphism-induced regulatory gene networks active in human lymphocyte cell lines by weighted linear mixed model analysis of multiple RNA-Seq datasets.

Author: Wensheng Zhang, Andrea Edwards, Erik K Flemington, and Kun Zhang
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) contribute to the between-individual expression variation of many genes. A regulatory (trait-associated) SNP is usually located near or within a (host) gene, possibly influencing the gene's transcription or/and post-transcriptional modification. But its targets may also include genes that are physically farther away from it. A heuristic explanation of such multiple-target interferences is that the host gene transfers the SNP genotypic effects to the distant gene(s) by a transcriptional or signaling cascade. These connections between the host genes (regulators) and the distant genes (targets) make the genetic analysis of gene expression traits a promising approach for identifying unknown regulatory relationships. In this study, through a mixed model analysis of multi-source digital expression profiling for 140 human lymphocyte cell lines (LCLs) and the genotypes distributed by the international HapMap project, we identified 45 thousands of potential SNP-induced regulatory relationships among genes (the significance level for the underlying associations between expression traits and SNP genotypes was set at FDR < 0.01). We grouped the identified relationships into four classes (paradigms) according to the two different mechanisms by which the regulatory SNPs affect their cis- and trans- regulated genes, modifying mRNA level or altering transcript splicing patterns. We further organized the relationships in each class into a set of network modules with the cis- regulated genes as hubs. We found that the target genes in a network module were often characterized by significant functional similarity, and the distributions of the target genes in three out of the four networks roughly resemble a power-law, a typical pattern of gene networks obtained from mutation experiments. By two case studies, we also demonstrated that significant biological insights can be inferred from the identified network modules.
Published: 2013
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4. The sequence structures of human microRNA molecules and their implications.

Author: Zhide Fang, Ruofei Du, Andrea Edwards, Erik K Flemington, and Kun Zhang
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: The count of the nucleotides in a cloned, short genomic sequence has become an important criterion to annotate such a sequence as a miRNA molecule. While the majority of human mature miRNA sequences consist of 22 nucleotides, there exists discrepancy in the characteristic lengths of the miRNA sequences. There is also a lack of systematic studies on such length distribution and on the biological factors that are related to or may affect this length. In this paper, we intend to fill this gap by investigating the sequence structure of human miRNA molecules using statistics tools. We demonstrate that the traditional discrete probability distributions do not model the length distribution of the human mature miRNAs well, and we obtain the statistical distribution model with a decent fit. We observe that the four nucleotide bases in a miRNA sequence are not randomly distributed, implying that possible structural patterns such as dinucleotide (trinucleotide or higher order) may exist. Furthermore, we study the relationships of this length distribution to multiple important factors such as evolutionary conservation, tumorigenesis, the length of precursor loop structures, and the number of predicted targets. The association between the miRNA sequence length and the distributions of target site counts in corresponding predicted genes is also presented. This study results in several novel findings worthy of further investigation that include: (1) rapid evolution introduces variation to the miRNA sequence length distribution; (2) miRNAs with extreme sequence lengths are unlikely to be cancer-related; and (3) the miRNA sequence length is positively correlated to the precursor length and the number of predicted target genes.
Published: 2013
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5. miRNA-mRNA correlation-network modules in human prostate cancer and the differences between primary and metastatic tumor subtypes.

Author: Wensheng Zhang, Andrea Edwards, Wei Fan, Erik K Flemington, and Kun Zhang
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Recent studies have shown the contribution of miRNAs to cancer pathogenesis. Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men. Unlike other major types of cancer, no single gene has been identified as being mutated in the majority of prostate tumors. This implies that the expression profiling of genes, including the non-coding miRNAs, may substantially vary across individual cases of this cancer. The within-class variability makes it possible to reconstruct or infer disease-specific miRNA-mRNA correlation and regulatory modular networks using high-dimensional microarray data of prostate tumor samples. Furthermore, since miRNAs and tumor suppressor genes are usually tissue specific, miRNA-mRNA modules could potentially differ between primary prostate cancer (PPC) and metastatic prostate cancer (MPC). We herein performed an in silico analysis to explore the miRNA-mRNA correlation network modules in the two tumor subtypes. Our analysis identified 5 miRNA-mRNA module pairs (MPs) for PPC and MPC, respectively. Each MP includes one positive-connection (correlation) module and one negative-connection (correlation) module. The number of miRNAs or mRNAs (genes) in each module varies from 2 to 8 or from 6 to 622. The modules discovered for PPC are more informative than those for MPC in terms of the implicated biological insights. In particular, one negative-connection module in PPC fits well with the popularly recognized miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulation theory. That is, the 3'UTR sequences of the involved mRNAs (∼620) are enriched with the target site motifs of the 7 modular miRNAs, has-miR-106b, -191, -19b, -92a, -92b, -93, and -141. About 330 GO terms and KEGG pathways, including TGF-beta signaling pathway that maintains tissue homeostasis and plays a crucial role in the suppression of the proliferation of cancer cells, are over-represented (adj.p
Published: 2012
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6. miRNA-mediated relationships between Cis-SNP genotypes and transcript intensities in lymphocyte cell lines.

Author: Wensheng Zhang, Andrea Edwards, Dongxiao Zhu, Erik K Flemington, Prescott Deininger, and Kun Zhang
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: In metazoans, miRNAs regulate gene expression primarily through binding to target sites in the 3' UTRs (untranslated regions) of messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Cis-acting variants within, or close to, a gene are crucial in explaining the variability of gene expression measures. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 3' UTRs of genes can affect the base-pairing between miRNAs and mRNAs, and hence disrupt existing target sites (in the reference sequence) or create novel target sites, suggesting a possible mechanism for cis regulation of gene expression. Moreover, because the alleles of different SNPs within a DNA sequence of limited length tend to be in strong linkage disequilibrium (LD), we hypothesize the variants of miRNA target sites caused by SNPs potentially function as bridges linking the documented cis-SNP markers to the expression of the associated genes. A large-scale analysis was herein performed to test this hypothesis. By systematically integrating multiple latest information sources, we found 21 significant gene-level SNP-involved miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulation modules (SNP-MPRMs) in the form of SNP-miRNA-mRNA triplets in lymphocyte cell lines for the CEU and YRI populations. Among the cognate genes, six including ALG8, DGKE, GNA12, KLF11, LRPAP1, and MMAB are related to multiple genetic diseases such as depressive disorder and Type-II diabetes. Furthermore, we found that ~35% of the documented transcript intensity-related cis-SNPs (~950) in a recent publication are identical to, or in significant linkage disequilibrium (LD) (p
Published: 2012
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7. Influence of CYP2D6 metabolizer status on ondansetron efficacy in pediatric patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A case series

Author: Laura B. Ramsey, Andrea Edwards, Cynthia A. Prows, Lisa J. Martin, Ashley Teusink-Cross, and Parinda A. Mehta
Subjects: Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Nausea, medicine.drug_class, Vomiting, medicine.medical_treatment, Population, Antineoplastic Agents, Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, Granisetron, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Ondansetron, Internal medicine, medicine, Antiemetic, Humans, General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics, education, Child, Retrospective Studies, education.field_of_study, Chemotherapy, business.industry, General Neuroscience, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Infant, General Medicine, Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6, Child, Preschool, Antiemetics, medicine.symptom, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is commonly experienced by patients receiving antineoplastic agents prior to hemopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). Ondansetron, a 5-HT3 antagonist metabolized by CYP2D6, is an antiemetic prescribed to treat short-term CINV, but some patients still experience uncontrolled nausea and vomiting while taking ondansetron. Adult CYP2D6 ultrarapid metabolizers (UMs) are at higher risk for CINV due to rapid ondansetron clearance, but similar studies have not been performed in pediatric patients. We performed a retrospective chart review of 128 pediatric HSCT recipients who received ondansetron for CINV prevention and had CYP2D6 genotyping for 20 alleles and duplication detection. The number of emetic episodes for each patient was collected from the start of chemotherapy through 7 days after HSCT. The average age of the cohort was 6.6 years (range: 0.2-16.7) and included three UMs, 72 normal metabolizers, 47 intermediate metabolizers, and six poor metabolizers. Because UMs are the population at risk for inefficacy, we describe the course of treatment for these three patients, as well as the factors influencing emesis: chemotherapy emetogenicity, diagnosis, and duration of ondansetron administration. The cases described support guidelines recommending non-CYP2D6 metabolized antiemetics (e.g., granisetron) when a patient is a known CYP2D6 UM, but pediatric studies with a larger sample of CYP2D6 UMs are needed to validate our findings.
Published: 2021

8. Seeking the exclusive binding region of phenylalkylamine derivatives on human T‐type calcium channels via homology modeling and molecular dynamics simulation approach

Author: Kun Zhang, Andrea Edwards, Na Zhao, Ming Li, Zhong Chen, Gi Young Lee, and You Lu
Subjects: Cyclopropanes, Models, Molecular, medicine.drug_class, homology modeling, selective binding, RM1-950, Calcium channel blocker, Naphthalenes, 030226 pharmacology & pharmacy, Calcium Channels, T-Type, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, Homology modeling, General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics, Threonine, phenylalkylamine, Binding selectivity, Mibefradil, Voltage-dependent calcium channel, Chemistry, T-type calcium channel, Original Articles, Calcium Channel Blockers, Neurology, Docking (molecular), 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Biophysics, Benzimidazoles, Original Article, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, T‐type calcium channels, virtual drug screening, medicine.drug
Abstract: Pharmaceutical features of phenylalkylamine derivatives (PAAs) binding to calcium channels have been studied extensively in the past decades. Only a few PAAs have the binding specificity on calcium channels, for example, NNC 55‐0396. Here, we created the homology models of human Cav3.2, Cav3.3 and use them as a receptor on the rigid docking tests. The nonspecific calcium channel blocker mibefradil showed inconsistent docking preference across four domains; however, NNC 55‐0396 had a unique binding pattern on domain II specifically. The subsequent molecular dynamics (MD) simulations identified that Cav3.1, Cav3.2, and Cav3.3 share domain II when Ca2+ appearing in the neighbor region of selective filters (SFs). Moreover, free‐energy perturbation analysis suggests single mutation of lysine at P‐loop domain III, or threonine at the P‐loop domain II largely reduced the total amount of hydration‐free energy in the system. All these findings suggest that P‐loop and segment six domain II in the T‐type calcium channels (TCCs) are crucial for attracting the PAAs with specificity as the antagonist., Predicted Ca2+ interaction domains during 200 ns simulation period. For α1H, Ca2+ ions are more likely to dock domain I (A) and II (B); however, for α1I: Ca2+ ions are more likely to dock domain II (C) and IV (D).
Published: 2021
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9. Azithromycin in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial

Author: Eugenia Abaleke, Mustafa Abbas, Sadia Abbasi, Alfie Abbott, Ashraf Abdelaziz, Sherif Abdelbadiee, Mohamed Abdelfattah, Basir Abdul, Althaf Abdul Rasheed, Rezan Abdul-Kadir, Abdulfatahi Abdulmumeen, Niyaz Abdulshukkoor, Kula Abdusamad, Yazeed Abed El Khaleq, Mai Abedalla, Abeer UA Abeer Ul Amna, Adebanke Aboaba, Hani Abo-Leyah, Ahmed Abou-Haggar, Mahmoud Abouibrahim, Miriam Abraham, Tizzy Abraham, Abraheem Abraheem, Judith Abrams, Hyacinth-John Abu, Ahmad Abu-Arafeh, Syed M Abubacker, Akata Abung, Yaa Aceampong, Devikumar Acharya, Janet Acheson, Andres Acosta, Catherine Acton, Jacqueline Adabie-Ankrah, Fiona Adam, Matthew Adam, Huzaifa Adamali, Carol Adams, Kate Adams, Richard Adams, Tim Adams, Malgorzata Adamus, Kirsty Adcock, Aderonke Adebiyi, Ken Adegoke, Vicki Adell, Aldrin Adeni, Sherna Adenwalla, Oluwasegun A Adesemoye, Emmanuel O Adewunmi, Joyce Adeyemi, Elizabeth Adeyeye, Gabrielle Adkins, Adnan Adnan, John Aeron-Thomas, Lynn Afari, Debbie Affleck, Carmel Afnan, Deborah Afolabi, Muhammad Afridi, Rachel Agbeko, Chris Agbo, Sunil Aggarwal, Arameh Aghababaie, Judith Agwada-Akeru, Kwame A Agyapong, Shafana Ahamed Sadiq, Mohamed H Ahammed Nazeer, Jonathan Ah-Chuen, Mahin Ahmad, Ashar Ahmed, Bilal Ahmed, Forizuddin Ahmed, Iram Ahmed, Irshad Ahmed, Liban Ahmed, Maria C Ahmed, Muhammad S Ahmed, Naseer Ahmed, Nausheen Ahmed, Osama Ahmed, Rajia A Ahmed, Rizwan Ahmed, Saif Ahmed, Sammiya Ahmed, Sara Ahmed, Syed H Ahmed, Roa Ahmed Ali, Sana Ahmer, Dhiraj Ail, Adam Ainsley, Mark Ainsworth, Myriam Aissa, Lucy Aitchson, Lindianne Aitken, Bini Ajay, Abdulakeem Ajibode, Ayesha Ajmi, Muhammad N Akhtar, Nasim Akhtar, Suha Akili, Oludoyinsola Akindolie, Yinka Akinfenwa, Olugbenga Akinkugbe, Ibrahim Akinpelu, Umeh Akudo, Asma Al Balushi, Majd Al Dakhola, Narendra Aladangady, Sajid Alam, Abbas Al-Asadi, Kyriaki Alatzoglou, Lorraine Albon, Stephen Alcorn, Aggie Aldana, David Alderdice, Rayan Aldouri, Jonathan Aldridge, Nicolas Aldridge, Ana Alegria, Alison Alexander, John Alexander, Peter DG Alexander, Julyan Al-Fori, Bahij Al-Hakim, Shams Al-Hity, Ali Ali, Anyat Ali, Fawzia R Ali, Jawad Ali, Mariam Ali, Mohammad Ali, Oudai Ali, Sakina Ali, Syed Ali, Abid Alina, Katrin Alizaedeh, Maithem Al-Jibury, Moutaz Alkhusheh, Alison Allanson, Robert Allcock, Eireann Allen, Jonathan Allen, Kerry Allen, Louise Allen, Rebecca Allen, Sam Allen, Sharon Allen, Simon Allen, Kathryn Allison, Bethan Allman, Lynne Allsop, Christine Almadenboyle, Hassan Al-Moasseb, Magda Al-Obaidi, Lina Alomari, Akram Al-Rabahi, Bahar Al-Ramadhani, Zayneb Al-Saadi, Warkaq Al-Shamkhani, Bashar Al-Sheklly, Mary Alvarez, Maysaa Alzetani, Susan Amamou, Sakarai Ambalavanan, Sarah-Jayne Ambler, Robert Ambrogetti, Chris Ambrose, Amir Ameen, Maria R Amezaga, Allison Amin, Amina Amin, Kanish Amin, Amjad Amjad, Victoria Amosun, Khaled Amsha, Atul Anand, Samantha Anandappa, Julie Anderson, Laura Anderson, Michelle Anderson, Nicola Anderson, Rachel Anderson, Rory Anderson, Prematie Andreou, Angela Andrews, Jill Andrews, Kanayochukwu Aneke, Andrew Ang, Wan Wei Ang, Tammy Angel, Paola Angelini, Lazarus Anguvaa, Oleg Anichtchik, Millicent Anim-Somuah, Krishnan Aniruddhan, Alpha Anthony, Aaron Anthony-Pillai, Philip Antill, Zhelyazkova Antonina, Varghese Anu, Muhammad Anwar, Aristeidis Apostolopoulos, Sarah Appleby, Diane Appleyard, Bianca Araba, Angela Aramburo, Ann Archer, Denise Archer, Simon Archer, Christian Ardley, Ana-Maria Arias, Ryoki Arimoto, Charlotte Arkley, Charlotte Armah, Ilianna Armata, Adam Armitage, Ceri Armstrong, Maureen Armstrong, Sonia Armstrong, Philippa Armtrong, Heike Arndt, Clare Arnison-Newgass, David Arnold, Rachael Arnold, Dhawal Arora, Pardeep Arora, Rishi Arora, Arslam Arter, Ganesh Arunachalam, Rita Arya, Salma Asam, Denisa Asandei, Adeeba Asghar, Catherine Ashbrook-Raby, Helen Ashby, Jan Ashcroft, John Ashcroft, Ayesha Ashfaq, Abdul Ashish, Sally Ashman-Flavell, Sundar Ashok, Muhammad Z Ashraf, Saima Ashraf, Mohammad B Ashraq, Deborah Ashton, Susan Ashton, Andrew Ashworth, Rebecca Ashworth, Harshini Asogan, Julia Asplin, Atif Asrar, Omar Assaf, Raine Astin-Chamberlain, Deborah Athorne, Christopher Atkins, Stacey Atkins, John Atkinson, Vicki Atkinson, Ahmed Attiq, Paula Aubrey, Suzannah August, Aye CT Aung, Hnin Aung, Kyaw Thu Aung, Nini Aung, Zaw Myo Aung, Emily Austin, Karen Austin, Miriam Avery, Joanne Avis, Cristina Avram, Paula Avram, Gabriel Awadzi, Aszad Aya, Eman Ayaz, Amanda Ayers, Vivek Ayra, Jawwad Azam, Mohammed Azharuddin, Ghazala Aziz, Ashaari Azman Shah, Giada Azzopardi, Hocine Azzoug, Nasaruilla Babajan, Fiyinfoluwa Babatunde, Melvin Babi, Babiker Babiker, Gayna Babington, Matthew Babirecki, Adetona O Babs-Osibodu, Gina Bacon, Jenny Bacon, Bibi Badal, Gurpreet R Badhan, Shreya Badhrinarayanan, Joseph Bae, Alice Baggaley, Amy Baggott, Graham Bagley, Dinesh Bagmane, Kasra Bahadori, Gayathri Baijiu, Charles Bailey, Julie Bailey, Katie Bailey, Lindsey Bailey, Liz Bailey, Morgan Bailey, Peter Bailey, Hamish Baillie, Kenneth Baillie, Jennifer Bain, Karen Bain, Becky Bainton, David Baird, Yolanda Baird, Aiysha Bajandouh, Evelyn Baker, Johanne Baker, Kenneth Baker, Pearl Baker, Hugh Bakere, Nawar Bakerly, Michelle Baker-Moffatt, Panos Bakoulas, Abhijit Bal, Niranjan Balachandran, Irvin Balagosa, Andrea Balan, Theodosios Balaskas, Madhu Balasubramaniam, Alison Balcombe, Cheryl Baldwick, Alexander Baldwin, Ashley Baldwin, Danielle Baldwin, Lisa Baldwin, Rebekah Baldwin-Jones, James Balfour, Ceri Ball, Craig Balmforth, Gabby Bambridge, Alasdair Bamford, Amy Bamford, Peter Bamford, Adefunke Bamgboye, Kasun Bamunuarachchi, Elizabeth Bancroft, Hollie Bancroft, Joyce Banda, Srini Bandi, Nageswar Bandla, Somaditya Bandyopadhyam, Ritwik Banerjee, Sandip Banerjee, Harrison Banks, Luke Banks, Daniel Banner, Oliver Bannister, Christopher Bannon, Laura Banton, Mariamma Baptist, Tanya Baqai, Ananya M Baral, Desislava Baramova, Russell Barber, Emma Barbon, Monica Barbosa, Jamie Barbour, Alexander Barclay, Charlotte Barclay, Stephanie Bareford, Shahedal Bari, Amy Barker, Debbie Barker, Joseph B Barker, Leon Barker, Oliver Barker, Kerry Barker-Williams, Sinha Barkha, Juliana Barla, Gavin Barlow, Richard Barlow, James Barnacle, Alex Barnard, Debi Barnes, Nicky Barnes, Amy Barnett, Debra Barnett, Ashton Barnett-Vanes, William Barnsley, Andrew Barr, David Barr, Shaney Barratt, Manuella Barrera, Fiona Barrett, Jessica Barrett, Jazz Bartholomew, Sarah Bartholomew, Claire Bartlett, Georgina Bartlett, Greg Barton, Jill Barton, Rachael Barton, Rosaleen Baruah, Sonia Baryschpolec, Archana Bashyal, Betsy Basker, Ayten Basoglu, Amira Bassaly, G Bassett, Bengisu Bassoy, Anupam Basumatary, Adam Bataineh, Freddie Batalla, Tristan Bate, Harry John Bateman, Kathryn Bateman, Vhairi Bateman, Eleanor Bates, Hayley Bates, Michelle Bates, Rizvan Batha, Sally Batham, Ana Batista, Amit Batla, Dushyant Batra, Harry Batty, Thomas Batty, Miranda Baum, Carina Bautista, Fatima S Bawani, Simon Bax, Matt Baxter, Nicola Baxter, Hannah Bayes, Farid Bazari, Rohit Bazaz, Ahmad Bazli, Laura Beacham, Hannah Beadle, Wendy Beadles, Philip Beak, Andy Beale, Kathy Beardsal, Jack Bearpark, Karen Beaumont, Matthew Beaumont, Dawn Beaumont-Jewell, Theresa Beaver, Sarah Beavis, Christy Beazley, Sarah Beck, Virginia Beckett, Rosie Beckitt, Heidi Beddall, Seonaid Beddows, Deborah Beeby, Michelle Beecroft, Sally Beer, Jane Beety, Gabriela Bega, Alison Begg, Susan Begg, Sara Beghini, Ayesha Begum, Safia Begum, Teresa Behan, Roya Behrouzi, Jon Beishon, Claire Beith, James Belcher, Holly Belfield, Katherine Belfield, Ajay Belgaumkar, Dina Bell, Gareth Bell, Gillian Bell, Lauren Bell, Louise Bell, Nicholas Bell, Stephanie Bell, Jennifer L Bell, Mary Bellamy, Arianna Bellini, Amanda Bellis, Fionn Bellis, Lesley Bendall, Naveena Benesh, Nicola Benetti, Leonie Benham, Guy Benison-Horner, Ann Bennett, Caroline Bennett, Gillian Bennett, Kristopher Bennett, Lorraine Bennett, Sara Bennett, Vivienne Benson, Andrew Bentley, Ian Benton, Eva Beranova, Matthew Beresford, Colin Bergin, Malin Bergstrom, Jolanta Bernatoniene, Thomas Berriman, Zoe Berry, Kimberley Best, Yvonne Beuvink, Emily Bevan, Sarah Bevins, Tom Bewick, Helen Bexhell, Andrew Bexley, Sonay Beyatli, Fenella Beynon, Arjun Bhadi, Sanjay Bhagani, Shweta Bhagat, Shiv Bhakta, Rekha Bhalla, Mahesh Bhalme, Khushpreet Bhandal, Kulbinder Bhandal, Ravina Bhanot, Prashanth Bhat, Nikhil Bhatia, Rahul Bhatnagar, Janki Bhayani, Deepika Bhojwani, Salimuzzaman Bhuiyan, Anna Bibby, Naheeda Bibi, Salma Bibi, Tihana Bicanic, Julie Bigg, Sarah Biggs, Alphonsa Biju, Andras Bikov, Sophie Billingham, Jessica Billings, Alice Binns, Oliver Bintcliffe, Catherine Birch, Janine Birch, Jenny Birch, Katherine Birchall, Sam Bird, Sumedha Bird, Mark Birt, Kilanalei Bishop, Linda Bishop, Lisa Bishop, Nibedan Biswas, Sahar Biuk, Karen Blachford, Ethel Black, Helen Black, Karen Black, Mairead Black, Polly Black, Sabrina Black, Bethan Blackledge, Joanne Blackler, Samantha Blackley, Helen Blackman, Caroline Blackstock, Francesca Blakemore, Helen Blamey, Sujata Blane, Simon Blankley, Parry Blaxill, Jane Blazeby, Natalie Blencowe, Ben Bloom, Angela Bloss, Hannah Bloxham, Louise Blundell, Susara Blunden, Mark Blunt, Ian Blyth, Kevin Blyth, Andrew Blythe, Karen Bobruk, Pritesh Bodalia, Neena Bodasing, Gabriele Boehmer, Marta Boffito, Sumit Bokhandi, Maria Bokhar, Saba Bokhari, Sakina Bokhari, Syed Owais Bokhari, Ambrose Boles, Matthew Bolton, Helena Bond, Stuart Bond, Thomas Bond, Alice Bone, Georgia Boniface, Lizzy Bonney, Joanne Borbone, Stephanie Borg, Catherine Borra, Samuel Bosompem, Liam Botfield, Fiona Bottrill, Hannah Bouattia, Laura Bough, Hayley Boughton, Zoe Boult, Miriam Bourke, Karen Bourne, Michelle Bourne, Rachel Bousefield, Lucy Boustred, Alexandra Bowes, Amy Bowes, Philip Bowker, Louise Bowman, Simon Bowman, Angie Bowring, Geetha Boyapati, Jenny Boyd, Laura Boyd, Namoi Boyle, Pauline Boyle, Rosalind Boyle, Louise Boyles, Leanna Brace, Jodie Bradder, Clare J Bradley, Pamela Bradley, Patrick Bradley, Joanne Bradley-Potts, Lynne Bradshaw, Zena Bradshaw, Rebecca Brady, Shirin Brady, Marie Branch, Emily Brandl-Salutz, Christina Branfield, Jamie Brannigan, Louise Brassington, Fiona Bray, Nancy Bray, Manny Brazil, Lucy Brear, Tracy Brear, Stephen Brearey, Morwenna Brend, Andrew Brereton, Chris Brewer, Gavin Bridgwood, Sara Brigham, John Bright, Christopher Brightling, Elaine Brinkworth, Robin Brittain-Long, Vianne Britten, Lauren Broad, Sarah Broad, Rosie Broadhurst, Andrew Broadley, Marie Broadway, Christopher Brockelsby, Megan Brocken, Tomos Brockley, Fiona Brogan, Felicity Brokke, Jacob Brolly, David Bromley, Hannah Brooke-Ball, Verity Brooker, Matthew Brookes, Alison Brooks, Kate Brooks, Nicole Brooks, Rachel Brooks, Sophie Brooks, Natalie Broomhead, Chloe Broughton, Nathaniel Broughton, Matt Brouns, Alison Brown, Carly Brown, Catrin Brown, Ellen Brown, Heather Brown, Janet Brown, Louise Brown, Niall Brown, Pauline Brown, Richard Brown, Robert Brown, Steven Brown, Tom Brown, Charlotte Browne, Duncan Browne, Rachel Browne, Stephen Brownlee, David Bruce, Johanna Bruce, Michelle Bruce, Wojciech Brudlo, Nigel Brunskill, Luke Brunton, Margaret Brunton, Jade Bryant, Mark Bryce, Maya Buch, Ruaridh Buchanan, Amanda Buck, Elizabeth Buckingham, Laura Buckley, Philip Buckley, Sarah Buckley, Carol Buckman, George Bugg, Ramadan Bujazia, Shanzay Bukhari, Richard Bulbulia, Alex Bull, Damian Bull, Rhian Bull, Thomas Bull, Sam Bullard, Naomi Bulteel, Katherine Bunclark, Roneleeh Bungue-Tuble, Caroline Burchett, Christy Burden, Thomas G Burden, Sarah Burge, Mika Burgess, Sophia Burgess, Emma Burke, Sara Burnard, Caroline Burnett, Amy Burns, Collette Burns, James Burns, Karen Burns, Daniel Burrage, Kate Burrows, Claire Burston, Ben Burton, Fiona Burton, Angus Butchart, Aaron Butler, Jo Butler, Joanne Butler, Joshua Butler, Peter Butler, Susan Butler, Al-Tahoor Butt, Caryl Butterworth, Nicola Butterworth-Cowin, Robert Buttery, Heather Button, Daniel Buttress, Jane Byrne, Wendy Byrne, Victoria Byrne-Watts, Ruth Cade, Donna Cairney, Claire Calderwood, James Calderwood, Giorgio Calisti, Debbie Callaghan, Jennifer Callaghan, Claire Callens, Caroline Calver, Melissa Cambell-Kelly, Tracey Camburn, David R Cameron, Eleanor Cameron, Fraser Cameron, Sheena Cameron, Christian Camm, Renee FD Cammack, Alison Campbell, Amy Campbell, Barbara Campbell, Bridget Campbell, Debbie Campbell, Helen Campbell, Hilary Campbell, Jonathan Campbell, Mark Campbell, Robyn Campbell, Wynny Campbell, Quentin Campbell Hewson, Laura Camrasa, Julie Camsooksai, Shaula M Candido, Cielito Caneja, Johnathon Cann, Ruby Cannan, Emma Cannon, Michael Cannon, Petra Cannon, Vivienne Cannons, Jane Cantliff, Ben Caplin, Angelika Capp, Thomas Capstick, Simon Carley, Tammy Carlin, Samantha Carmichael, Margaret Carmody, Mandy Carnahan, Charlotte Caroline, Patrick Carr, Sharon Carr, Anna Carrasco, Zoe Carrington, Jonathan Carter, Paul Carter, Penny Carter, Douglas Cartwright, Claire Carty, Jaime Carungcong, Paula Carvelli, Aisling Cashell, Barbara Cassimon, Teresa Castiello, Gail Castle, Melanie Caswell, Ana Maria Catana, Heidi Cate, Susanne Cathcart, Katrina Cathie, Christine Catley, Laura Catlow, Kerry Causer, Luke Cave, Frianne Cawa, Kathryn Cawley, Philippa Cawley, Chloe Caws, Hankins Cendl, Jeva Cernova, Ed Cetti, Stephanie Chabane, Manish Chablani, Cathleen Chabo, David Chadwick, Julie Chadwick, Robert Chadwick, Ela Chakkarapani, Arup Chakraborty, Mallinath Chakraborty, Mollika Chakravorty, James Chalmers, Georgina Chamberlain, Sarah Chamberlain, Carol Chambers, Emma Chambers, Jonathan Chambers, Lucy Chambers, Naomi Chambers, Shreekant Champanerkar, Carmen Chan, Cheuk Chan, Evelyn Chan, Kimberley Chan, Ping Chan, Rebekah (Pui-Ching) Chan, Xin H Chan, Chris Chandler, Kim J Chandler, Zoe Chandler, Badrinathan Chandrasekaran, Josephine Chaplin, Graeme Chapman, John Chapman, Katie Chapman, Laura Chapman, Lianne Chapman, Polly Chapman, Timothy 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Dermody, Amisha Desai, Purav Desai, Sanjeev Deshpande, Vai Deshpande, Sirjana Devkota, Prakash Dey, Vishal Dey, Rogin Deylami, Gurlove K Dhaliwal, Kevin Dhaliwal, Sundip Dhani, Amandeep Dhanoa, Mili Dhar, Sukhjit Dhariwal, Devesh Dhasmana, Ekanjali Dhillon, Reiss Dhillon, Kayleigh Diaz-Pratt, Pamela Dicks, Matthew Dickson, Sean Dillane, Sarah Diment, Paul Dimitri, Alex Dipper, Laura Dirmantaite, Lisa Ditchfield, Sarah Diver, Nandita Divikar, Lavanya Diwakar, Masroor Diwan, Caroline Dixon, Catherine Dixon, Petr Dlouhy, Paul Dmitri, Marinela Dobranszky Oroian, Charlotte Dobson, Lee Dobson, Marie Docherty, Morven Dockery, Emma Docks, James Dodd, Jackie Dodds, Rebecca Dodds, Steve Dodds, Richi Dogra, Erin Doherty, Warren Doherty, Yumiko Doi, Iain Doig, Daniel Dolan, Mark Dolman, Rozzie Dolman, Lisa Donald, Callum Donaldson, Denise Donaldson, Kate Donaldson, Sinead Donlon, Joanne Donnachie, Christopher Donnelly, Eilish Donnelly, Emma Dooks, Andrew Dooley, Kane Dorey, Sharon Dorgan, Davinder Dosanjh, Paula Dospinescu, Andrew Dougherty, Katie Douglas, Lucy Dowden, Michelle Dower, Sud Dowling, Hayley Downe, Nicola Downer, Charlotte Downes, Rob Downes, Thomas Downes, Damian Downey, Louise Downs, Simon Dowson, Cornel Dragan, Cristina Dragos, Chelsea Drake, Victoria Drew, Olivia Drewett, Celine Driscoll, Helena Drogan, Ronald Druyeh, Simon Drysdale, Hazel Dube, Judith Dube, Stephen Duberley, Simon Dubrey, Roger Duckitt, Hayley Duckles-Leech, Nicola Duff, Helen Duffy, Lionel Dufour, Annette Duggan, Parveen Dugh, Janice Duignan, Simon Dummer, Andrew Duncan, Barrie Duncan, Christopher Duncan, Fullerton Duncan, Alessia Dunn, Damian Dunn, Laura Dunn, Karen Dunne, Fiona Dunning, Aidan Dunphy, Venkat Duraiswamy, Beatriz Duran, Ingrid DuRand, Alison Durie, Emily Durie, Laura Durrans, Hannah Durrington, Akshay Dwarakanath, Laasya Dwarakanath, Ellen Dwyer, Claudia Dyball, Harvey Dymond, Tom Dymond, Chris Eades, Melissa Earwaker, Nicholas Easom, Clare East, Jack Easton, Ruth Eatough, Oluwadamilola Ebigbola, Martin Ebon, Sinan Eccles, Chloe Eddings, Michael Eddleston, Maureen Edgar, Katharine Edgerley, Mary Edmondson, Tracy Edmunds, Alexandra Edwards, Andrea Edwards, Catherine Edwards, Joy Edwards, Kennedy Edwards, Mandy Edwards, Steven Edwards, Jenny Eedle, Dawn Egginton, Sarah Eisen, Ugochukwu Ekeowa, Mohamed Ekoi, Ayomide Ekunola, Kate El Bouzidi, Ashley Elden, Jennifer Elder, Haifa Eldew, Diana Eleanor, Maysoon Elfadil, Eman Elfar, Mayy M Elgamal, Amr Elgohary, Stellios Elia, Jennifer Elias, Tania Elias, Nadia Elkaram, Amin Elkhawad, Andrew V Elkins, Julie Ellam, Nikki Ellard, Laura Nicola Ellerton, Amy Elliott, Fiona Elliott, Kerry Elliott, Valmai Elliott, Annie Ellis, Hayley Ellis, Kaytie Ellis, Tak-Yan Ellis, Yvette Ellis, Rahma Elmahdi, Einas Elmahi, Omer Elneima, Mohamed Elokl, Ahmed Elradi, Mohamed Elsaadany, Sally El-Sayeh, Hana El-Sbahi, Tarek Elsefi, Karim El-Shakankery, Sarah Elyoussfi, Jonathan Emberson, John Emberton, Julian Emmanuel, Ingrid Emmerson, Charis Emmett, Michael Emms, Marieke Emonts, Angila Engden, Katy English, Nicola Entwistle, Hene Enyi, Ruth Erin Jones, Agota Ermenyi, Hanif Esmail, Ajmal Eusuf, Brynach Evans, Chris Evans, Debra Evans, Gail Evans, Gareth Evans, Jennifer Evans, Lynn Evans, Melanie Evans, Mim Evans, Morgan Evans, Ranoromanana Evans, Teriann Evans, Terry J Evans, Caroline Everden, Lynsey Evison, Jacqueline Faccenda, Leila Fahel, Youstina Fahmay, Sara Fairbairn, Andy Fairclough, Louise Fairlie, Anne Fajardo, Euan Falconer, John Fallon, David Faluyi, Qayyum Farah, Novin Fard, Amr Farg, Adam Farmer, Katie Farmer, Toni Farmery, Frances Farnworth, Samantha Farnworth, Faiyaz Farook, Hadia Farooq, Sidrah Farooq, Fiona Farquhar, Aaron Farrell, Barbara Farrell, James Farthing, Syeda Farzana, Rahmatu Fasina, Azam Fatemi, Mina Fatemi, Nibah Fatimah, Saul N Faust, Joe Fawke, Sinmidele Fawohunre, Alex Feben, Federico Fedel, Christopher Fegan, Mae Felongco, Lynsey Felton, Tim Felton, Kate Fenlon, Andrea Fenn, Isabelle Fenner, Ciara Fenton, Melisa Fenton, Cameron Ferguson, Jenny Ferguson, Kathryn Ferguson, Katie Ferguson, Lisa Ferguson, Susan Ferguson, Susie Ferguson, Victoria Ferguson, Denzil Fernandes, Candida Fernandez, Eduardo Fernandez, Sonia Fernandez Lopez, Ahmed Feroz, Pietro Ferranti, Thais Ferrari, Catarina Ferreira-De Almeida, Alexandra Ferrera, Emma Ferriman, Nicholas Fethers, Ben Field, Janet Field, Andra Fielding, Julie Fielding, Sarah Fielding, Asma Fikree, Sarah Ann Filson, Joanne Finch, Laurie Finch, Natalie Fineman, Adam Finn, Joanne Finn, Sofia Fiouni, Jo Fiquet, James Fisher, Neil Fisher, Daniel Fishman, Krystofer Fishwick, Marie Fisk, Jan Flaherty, Michael Flanagan, Charles Flanders, Julie Fleming, Lucy Fleming, Paul Fleming, William Flesher, Alison Fletcher, Lucy Fletcher, Sophie Fletcher, Christopher Flood, Jonathan Flor, Vincent Florence, Sharon Floyd, Adama Fofana, Georgina Fogarty, Linda Folkes, Aiwyne Foo, Andrew Foot, Jayne Foot, Jane Forbes, Kathryn Forcer, Jamie Ford, Jennifer Foreman, Caroline Fornolles, Adam Forrest, Ellie Forsey, Thomas Forshall, Elliot Forster, Julian Forton, Emily Foster, Joseph Foster, Rachel A Foster, Tracy Foster, Angela Foulds, Ian Foulds, Folakemi Fowe, Emily Fowler, Robert Fowler, Stephen Fowler, Caroline Fox, Claire Fox, Heather Fox, Jonathan Fox, Lauren Fox, Natalie Fox, Simon Fox, Sarah-Jane Foxton, Rebecca Frake, Alex Francioni, Olesya Francis, Rebecca Francis, Sarah Francis, Theodora Francis-Bacon, Victoria Francois, Sharon Frayling, Martyn Fredlund, Michael Freeborn, Carol Freeman, Elaine Freeman, Hannah Freeman, Nicola Freeman, Clare Freer, Eleanor French, Anastasia Fries, Matthew Frise, Renate Fromson, Claire Froneman, John Frost, Victoria Frost, Rachel Frowd, Arun Fryatt, Bridget Fuller, Elizabeth Fuller, Tracy Fuller, Duncan Fullerton, Sarah Funnell, John Furness, Hassina Furreed, Waqas Gaba, Elizabeth Gabbitas, Claire Gabriel, Joshua Gahir, Katarzyna Gajewska-Knapik, Christopher Gale, Hugo Gale, 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Julia Greig, Rebecca Grenfell, Teena Grenier, Susan Grevatt, Glaxy Grey, Andrew Gribbin, Ben Griffin, Denise Griffin, Mel Griffin, Sian Griffith, Andrew Griffiths, Daniel Griffiths, David Griffiths, Donna Griffiths, Isabel Griffiths, Nicola Griffiths, Oliver Griffiths, Sofia Grigoriadou, Steph Grigsby, Russell Gritton, Evelina Grobovaite, Clarissa Grondin, Rachel Groome, Liliana Grosu, Jenny Grounds, Jayne Groves, Neil Grubb, Julie Grundy, Francesca Guarino, Sharada Gudur, Shivang Gulati, Vikas Gulia, Pumali Gunasekera, Kirun Gunganah, Jessica Gunn, Emma Gunter, Alok Gupta, Atul Gupta, Rajeev Gupta, Richa Gupta, Tarun Gupta, Vineet Gupta, Ankur Gupta-Wright, Sambasivarao Gurram, Ishy Gurung, Shraddha Gurung, Hazel Guth, Ruth Habibi, Pamela Hackney, Christian Hacon, Aiman Haddad, Denise Hadfield, Michalis Hadjiandreou, Anna Haestier, Nauman Hafiz, Rana Hafiz-Ur-Rehman, Samantha Hagan, Jack W Hague, Rosemary Hague, Andrew Haigh, Kate Haigh, Christina Haines, Scott Hainey, Morton Hair, Brigid Hairsine, Juraj Hajnik, Anne Haldeos, Carmel Halevy, William Halford, Alistair Hall, Anthony Hall, Chloe Hall, Claire Hall, Emily Hall, Helen Hall, Jennifer Hall, Kathryn Hall, Toni Hall, Jan Hallas, Kyle Hallas, Charles Hallett, Heather Halls, Maryam Hamdollah-Zadeh, Bilal Hameed, Imran Hamid, Mohamad Hamie, Bethany Hamilton, Fergus Hamilton, Leigh Hamilton, Ruth Hamlin, Eleanor Hamlyn, Shirley Hammersley, Kate Hammerton, Bev Hammond, Leah Hammond, Rachel Hammond-Hall, Fiona Hammonds, Nidal Hammoud, Ibrahim Hamoodi, Karen Hampshire, Jude Hampson, Shi Han Lee, Ozan Hanci, James Hand, Soran Handrean, Georgina Hands, Sheharyar Hanif, Amy Hannington, Merhej Hannun, Aidan Hanrath, Jane Hanson, Kathryn Hanson, Mazhar U Haq, Ala Haqiqi, Monjurul Haque, Zoe Harding, Simon Hardman, Kumar Haresh, Rachel Harford, Beverley Hargadon, Carolyn Hargreaves, James Hargreaves, Alice Harin, Mohammed Haris, Helen Harizaj, Edward Harlock, Paula Harman, Tracy Harman, Mark Harmer, Muhammad A Haroon, Charlie H Harper, Heather Harper, Peter Harper, Rosemary Harper, Sarah Harrhy, Sian Harrington, Yasmin Harrington-Davies, Claire Harris, Jade Harris, Julie Harris, Laura Harris, Marie-Clare Harris, Nichola Harris, David Harrison, Laura Harrison, Melanie Harrison, Rowan Harrison, Susie Harrison, Tom Harrison, Wendy Harrison, Elizabeth Harrod, Ciaran Hart, Dominic Hart, Rosemary Hartley, Ruth Hartley, Tom Hartley, William Hartrey, Hans Hartung, Alice Harvey, Angela Harvey, Max Harvey, Catherine Harwood, Helen Harwood, Neda Hasan, Brigitte Haselden, Mohammed Hashimm, Imranullah Hashmi, Zena Haslam, Abdulhakim Hassan, Adil Hassan, Ali Hassan, Waqar Ul Hassan, Philip Hassell, Alex Hastings, Bethany Hastings, Jonathan Hatton, Jennifer Haugh, May Havinden-Williams, Stefan Havlik, Dan Hawcutt, Liz Hawes, Nicola Hawes, Annie Hawkins, Nancy Hawkins, Daniel Hawley, Edward Haworth, Cathy Hay, Jamal Hayat, Anne Hayes, Melony Hayes, Fiona Hayes, Antara Hayman, Melanie Hayman, Matthew Haynes, Richard Haynes, Rachel Hayre, Patrick Haywood, Tracy Hazelton, Phoebe Hazenberg, Zhengmai He, Elizabeth Headon, Carrie Heal, Brendan Healy, Amy Hearn, Angela Heath, Rowan Heath, Diane Heaton, Kerry Hebbron, Neil Hedger, Katrine Hedges, Cheryl Heeley, Elaine Heeney, Rajdeep Heire, David Helm, Ulla Hemmila, Scott Hemphill, Deborah Hemsley, Alistair Henderson, Jennifer Henderson, Steven Henderson, Joanne Henry, Karol Henry, Lavinia Henry, Margo Henry, David Henshall, Gillian Herdman, Rosaleen Herdmangrant, William Herrington, Emilia Heselden, Peta Heslop, Simon Hester, Emily Hetherington, Joseph Hetherington, Andrew Hetreed, Chamila Hettiarachchi, Gihan Hettiarachchi, Hayley Hewer, John Hewertson, Anna Hewetson, Sue Hewins, Claire Hewitt, Davina Hewitt, Richard Hewitt, Robert S Heyderman, Matthis Heydtmann, Joseph Heys, Jonathan Heywood, Meg Hibbert, Naomi Hickey, Alexander Hicks, Jenny Hicks, Scott R Hicks, Daniel Higbee, Jennifer Higgins, Lucy Higgins, Andrew Higham, Martin Highcock, Judith 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Nicola Hornby, Sophie Horrocks, Latoya Horsford, Megan Horsford, Valana Horsham, Alex Horsley, Ashley Horsley, Elizabeth Horsley, Sarah Horton, Jane Hosea, Toby Hoskins, Ejaz Hossain, Muhammad S Hossain, Rashed Hossain, Maxine Hough, Sarah Hough, Kathryn Houghton, Rebecca Houlihan, Gordon Houston, Hamish Houston, Eleanor Hoverd, Roseanna Hovvels, Lee How, Laura Howaniec, Laura Howard, Linda Howard, Lucy Howard, Sarah Howard, Richard Howard-Griffin, Serena Howe, Mark Howells, Lyn Howie, Alex Howlett, Sophie Howlett, Josh Hrycaiczuk, Desmond Hsu, Hein Htet, Zaw Htet, Naing Z Htoon, Su Htwe, Ying Hu, Abby Huckle, Shahzya Huda, Alison Hudak, Lisa Hudig, Heather Hudson, Alison Hufton, Conor Huggins, Alistair Hughes, Emma Hughes, Gareth Hughes, Heather Hughes, Luke Hughes, Rachel Hughes, Rhian Hughes, Samantha Hughes, Stephen Hughes, Vikki Hughes, Wesley Hughes, Lukas Huhn, Ching Hui, Ruth Hulbert, Diana Hull, Robert Hull, Amanda Hulme, Peter Hulme, Wendy Hulse, George Hulston, Ryan Hum, Charlotte Humphrey, Alasdair Humphries, Joanne Humphries, David Hunt, Fiona Hunt, Jane Hunt, Kristen Hunt, Luke Hunt, Karl Hunter, Neil Hunter, Elizabeth Hurditch, Cian Hurley, Katrina Hurley, Mohammed A Husain, Syeda Y Husaini, Coralie Huson, Ibraar Hussain, Mohammad Hussain, Muhammad Hussain, Reda Hussain, Sajid Hussain, Samia Hussain, Sanniah Hussain, Yasmin Hussain, Mohammed Hussam El-Din, Rebecca Hussey, Christopher Hutchcroft, Camille Hutchinson, Dorothy Hutchinson, Elizabeth Hutchinson, John Hutchinson, Claire Hutsby, Paula Hutton, Daniella Hydes, Jamie Hyde-Wyatt, Niamh Hynes, Megan Hyslop, Ahmed Ibrahim, Asil Ibrahim, Kamal Ibrahim, Mohamed Ibrahim, Wadah Ibrahim, Muhammad Idrees, Hina Iftikhar, Chukwuemeka Igwe, Mohammad Ijaz, Amaju Ikomi, Clare Iles, Stamatina Iliodromiti, Lorna Ilves, La'ali Imam-Gutierrez, Christopher Imray, Haider Imtiaz, Jack Ingham, Julie Ingham, Rory Ingham, Tejas Ingle, Anne Ingram, Luke Ingram, Peter Inns, Ken Inweregbu, Andreea A Ionescu, Ana 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Sabrina Jansz, Deepa Japp, Catherine Jardine, Ellie Jarvie, Rosina Jarvis, Patrycja Jastrzebska, Hafsa Javed, Lona Jawaheer, Dinakaran Jayachandran, Deepak Jayaram, Geeshath Jayasekera, Lalith Jayasekera, Saman Jeddi, Mohammad S Jeelani, Katie Jeffery, Rachel Jeffrey, Nathan Jeffreys, Benjamin Jeffs, Debbie Jegede, Taylor Jemima, Ifan Jenkin, Alison Jenkins, David Jenkins, Elinor Jenkins, Sarah Jenkins, Sian Jenkins, Stephen Jenkins, Edward Jenner, David Jennings, Jacqui Jennings, Louise Jennings, Virginia Jennings, Ellen Jerome, Douglas Jerry, Ellen Jessup-Dunton, Jorge A Jesus Silva, Kishan Jethwa, Abi Jeyabalan, Akhilesh Jha, Shaman Jhanji, Khoo Jian, Zhixin Jiao, Ana Jimenez Gil, Jithin Jith, Teishel Joefield, Navraj Johal, Karine Johannessen, Aisyah Johari, Annie John, Anu John, Emma Johns, Margaret Johns, Antoinette Johnson, Gillian Johnson, Kathryn Johnson, Luke Johnson, Mark Johnson, Claire Johnston, Janet Johnston, Susan Johnston, Victoria Johnston, Dawn Johnstone, Ed 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Catherine Penman, Julie Penman, James Penny, Justin Pepperell, Adriana Pereira, Rita Pereira, Elena Perez, Jane Perez, Tanaraj Perinpanathan, Lakshmi Periyasamy, Alison Perry, Emily Perry, Meghan Perry, Guilherme Pessoa-Amorim, Ruth Petch, Lionel Peter, Cecilia Peters, Mark Peters, Steve Peters, Tim Peters, Alexandra Peterson, Leon Peto, Ilianna Petrou, Boyanka Petrova, Mirela Petrova, Paul Pfeffer, Mysore Phanish, Paul Phelan, Christopher Philbey, Jennifer Philbin, Alex Phillips, Dylan Phillips, Rachael Phillips, Marie Phipps, Virach Phongsathorn, Nang T Phoo, Mandeep Phull, Masroor M Phulpoto, Sara Pick, James Pickard, Charlotte Pickering, Gillian Pickering, Thomas Pickett, Joanna Pickles, Benjamin Pickwell-Smith, Natalia Pieniazek, Angelo Pieris, Samia Pilgrim, Paul Anthony Pillai, Zoe Pilsworth, Heather Pinches, Stacey Pinches, Kirsty Pine, Ed Pineles, Muni T Pinjala, Stefania Pintus, Graeme Piper, Tasneem Pirani, Sally Pitts, Aiden J Plant, Naomi Platt, Robert Pleass, Laura Plummer, Charles Plumptre, Tatiana Pogreban, Joshua Pointon, Stephen Poku, Rachel Pollard, Louisa Pollock, Oluwamayowa Poluyi, Gary J Polwarth, Fiona Pomery, Ponmurugan Ponnusamy, Aravind Ponnuswamy, Inês Ponte Bettencourt dos Reis, Alice Poole, Lynda Poole, Michele Poole, Sharon Poon, Tajinder Poonian, David Porter, Linda Porter, Kelly Postlethwaite, Narayana Pothina, Priyadarshan Potla, Dorota Potoczna, Jason Pott, Alison Potter, Jean Potter, Sarah Potter, Elspeth Potton, Julie Potts, Kathryn Potts, Maria Poulaka, Una Poultney, Katherine Poulton, Vanessa Poustie, James Powell, Jordan Powell, Deborah Power, Nick Power, Joseph Poxon, Robin Poyner, Helena Prady, Krishna Prasad, Fredy Prasanth Raj, Sangeetha Prasath, Anezka Pratley, Euan Pratt, Steven Pratt, David Preiss, Claire Prendergast, Lynn Prentice, Verity Prescott, Laura Presland, Catharine Prest, Stephen Preston, Natalie Prevatt, Sandra Prew, Ashley Price, Carly Price, Claire Price, David Price, Elizabeth Price, Nathan Price, Vivien Price, Anne Priest, Kate Priestley, Lorraine Primrose, Judith Prince, Laura Prince, Shirley Pringle, Veronika Pristopan, Kelly Pritchard, Lucy Pritchard, Simon Pritchard, Verma Priyash, Andrew Procter, Clare Proctor, Rebecca Proudfoot, Heather Prowse, Benjamin Prudon, David Pryor, Solomon Pudi, Amy Pugh, Joanne Pugh, Mark Pugh, Nichola Pugh, Richard Pugh, Veronika Puisa, Kirandip Punia, Saleel Punnilath Abdulsamad, Laura Purandare, Martha Purcell, Corrina Purdue, Bally Purewal, Molly Pursell, Gregory Purssord, Sarah Purvis, Kathryn Puxty, Michael Pynn, Tariq Qadeer, Sheena Quaid, Alice Quayle, Ian Quayle, Siobhan Quenby, Xinyi Qui, Vanessa Quick, Julie Quigley, Tom Quinn, Quratulain Quratulain, Danya Qureshi, Hasanain Qureshi, Khadija Qureshi, Nawaz Qureshi, Qurratulain Qurratulain, Saad Qutab, Muhammad S Rabbani, Madalina Raceala, Laura Rad, Jane Radford, Liz Radford, Jayachandran Radhakrishnan, Michael Raffles, Cecillia Rafique, Muhammad Rafique, Ravi Ragatha, Sarika Raghunath, Aiswarya Raghunathan, Abigail Raguro, Shankho D Raha, Sana Rahama, Karen Rahilly, Faisal Rahim, Haseena R Rahimi, Muhammad Rahman, Salim Ur Rahman, Lenka Raisova, Mehul Raithatha, Arjun Raj, Pradeep Rajagopalan, Nithy Rajaiah, Arvind Rajasekaran, Aylur Rajasri, Jyothi Rajeswary, Gayathri Rajmohan, Matsa Ram, Balaji Ramabhadran, Niranjani Ramachandran, Iyad Ramadan, Mohamed Ramali, Athimalaipet Ramanan, Shashikira Ramanna, Maheshi Ramasamy, Dhanishta Ramdin, Jozel Ramirez, Lidia Ramos, Shanthi Ramraj, Lisa Ramsawak, Alex Ramshaw, Aleem Rana, Ghulam F Rana, Rehman Rana, Abby Rand, James Rand, Georgina Randell, Poonam Ranga, Manu Rangar, Harini Rangarajan, Sameer Ranjan, Poormina Ranka, Christopher Ranns, Anita Rao, Deepak Rao, Sandhya Rao, Sanjay Rao, Khalid Rashid, Simbisai Ratcliff, Sam Ratcliffe, Sophy Ratcliffe, Sanjeev Rath, Mohmad I Rather, Selina Rathore, Aravinden Ratnakumar, Jonathan Ratoff, Deepa Rattehalli, Jason Raw, Gautam Ray, Samiran Ray, Adam Raymond-White, Dana Raynard, Nicola Rayner, Jareer Raza, Salman Razvi, Zarine Razvi, Kerry Read, Ajay Reddy, Anvesh Reddy, Harsha Reddy, Ravi Reddy, Aine Redfern-Walsh, Alex Redome, Joan Redome, Anna Reed, Andrew Rees, James Rees, Martyn Rees, Sarah Rees, Stephanie Rees, Tabitha Rees, Fiona Regan, Karen Regan, Susan Regan, Kanchan Rege, Ahmed Rehan, A Rehman, Siddiqur Rehman, Ada Reid, Jeremy Reid, Sharon Reid, Mkyla Reilly, Christina Reith, Alda Remegoso, Dinakaran Rengan, Stephen Renshaw, Remya Renu Vattekkat, Henrik Reschreiter, Glynis Rewitzky, Charles Reynard, Dominic Reynish, Jessica Reynolds, Peter Reynolds, Tom Reynolds, Kat Rhead, Jo Rhodes, Jonathan Rhodes, Naghma Riaz, Emily Rice, Matthew Rice, Mel Rich, Alison Richards, Suaznne Richards, Celia Richardson, Neil Richardson, Nicky Richardson, Joanne Riches, Katie Riches, William Ricketts, Anna Riddell, Laura Riddles, Carrie Ridley, Paul Ridley, Gudrun Rieck, Hannah Riley, Matthew Riley, Phil Riley, Dominic Rimmer, Robert Rintoul, Andrew Riordan, Naomi Rippon, Chloe Rishton, Michael Riste, Jane Ritchie, Andrew Ritchings, Pilar Rivera Ortega, Vanessa Rivers, Syed AS Rizvi, Syed HM Rizvi, Ian Roberts, Karen Roberts, Mark Roberts, Nicky Roberts, Rebecca Roberts, Calum Robertson, Nichola Robertson, Stuart Robertson, Caroline Robinson, Emily Robinson, Emma Robinson, Gisela Robinson, Hannah Robinson, Jemima Robinson, Kate Robinson, Matthew Robinson, Sandra Robinson, Steve Robson, Lisa Roche, Samantha Roche, Natalie Rodden, Alistair Roddick, Jack Roddy, Marion Roderick, Alison Rodger, Faye Rodger, Megan Rodger, Alicia Rodgers, Natasha Rodgers, Penny Rodgers, Sarah Rodrigues, Rocio Rodriguez-Belmonte, Nicholas Roe, Charles C Roehr, Gill Rogers, Jason Rogers, Joanne Rogers, John Rogers, Leigh Rogers, Lindsay Rogers, Michaela Rogers, Naomi Rogers, Paula Rogers, Thomas Rogers, Sakib Rokadiya, Lee Rollins, Jennifer Rollo, Catherine Rolls, Claire Rook, Kevin Rooney, Laura Rooney, Lynsey Rooney, Lace Rosaro, Alastair Rose, Annie Rose, Steve Rose, Zoe Rose, Josephine Rosier, Jennifer Rossdale, Sabrina Rossi, Andrew Ross-Parker, Alex Rothman, Joanne Rothwell, Lindsay Roughley, Guy Rousseau, Kathy Rowan, Neil Rowan, Stephen Rowan, Louise Rowe-Leete, Benjamin Rowlands, Aparajita Roy, Subarna Roy, Anna Roynon-Reed, Sam Rozewicz, Antonio Rubino, Anna Rudenko, Senthan Rudrakumar, Banu Rudran, Shannon Ruff, Prita Rughani, Mike Ruiz, Sharon Rundell, Hitasha Rupani, Darren Rusk, Joseph Russell, Peter Russell, Richard Russell, Cristina Russo, Marieke Rutgers, Aidan Ryan, Brendan Ryan, Lucy Ryan, Matthew Ryan, Pat Ryan, Phil Ryan, Declan Ryan-Wakeling, Chloe Saad, M Saad, Javeson Sabale, Suganya Sabaretnam, Gorka Sacher, Noman Sadiq, Ashiq Saffy, Diaeddin Sagar, Beth Sage, Harkiran Sagoo, Rajnish Saha, Nikhil Sahdev, Jagdeep Sahota, Nooria Said, Sreekanth Sakthi, Abdul Salam, Erika Salciute, Jessica Sale, Gina Saleeb, Mumtaz Saleh, Hizni Salih, Laylan Salih, Sarah Salisbury, Rustam Salman, Jenny Salmon, Dario Salutous, Mfon Sam, Sally Sam, Tinashe Samakovna, Razan Saman, Renaldo Samlal, Emily Sammons, David Sammut, Mark Sammut, Sunitha Sampath, Julia Sampson, Anda Samson, Debbie Samuel, Johnson Samuel, Reena Samuel, Thomas DL Samuel, Elsward Samuels, Theo Samuels, Joanna Samways, Manjula Samyraju, Ilves Sana, Aabid Sanaullah, Veronica Sanchez, Amada Sanchez, Tom Sanctuary, Peter Sandercock, Amy Sanderson, Paul Sanderson, Tom Sanderson, Kuljinder Sandhu, Loveleen Sandhu, Victoria Sandrey, Sarah Sands, Mirriam Sangombe, Matthew Sanju, Rojy Santosh, Jayanta Sanyal, Aureo F Sanz-Cepero, Najam Saqib, Sarbjit Sarai, Dinesh Saralaya, Arun Saraswatula, Avishay Sarfatti, Rebecca Sargent, Beatrix Sari, Rahul Sarkar, Sruthi Sarma, Varun Sarodaya, Zainab Sarwar, Thea Sass, Sonia Sathe, Sobitha Sathianandan, Abilash Sathyanarayanan, Thozhukat Sathyapalan, Prakash Satodia, Rachel Saunders, Samantha Saunders, Anne Saunderson, Heather Savill, Karishma Savlani, Matthew Saxton, Amrinder Sayan, Diane Scaletta, Lyndsay Scarratt, Sean Scattergood, Alvin Schadenberg, Alex Schoolmeesters, Natasha Schumacher, Nicola Schunke, Martin Schuster Bruce, Karin Schwarz, Tim Scorrer, Fiona Scothern, A Scott, Anne Scott, Christine Scott, Emily Scott, Kerrie Scott, Stephen Scott, Timothy Scott, Sarah Scourfield, Wendy Scrase, Angela Scullion, Emily Seager, Cathy Seagrave, Eleanor Sear, Isabella Seaton, Anna Seckington, Joanna Sedano, Gabrielle Seddon, Muhammad A Seelarbokus, Christopher Sefton, Matias Segovia, Gillian Sekadde, Georgina Selby, Katharine Sellers, Joseph Selley, Victoria Sellick, Gobika Selvadurai, Brintha Selvarajah, Haresh Selvaskandan, Gary Semple, Nandini Sen, Seema Sen, Namrita Sengreen, Aditya Sengupta, Niladri Sengupta, HoJan Senya, Jaskaran Sethi, Niranjan Setty, Abigail Seward, Teswaree Sewdin, Jack Seymour, Tariq Shafi, Aashni Shah, Ahmar Shah, Anand Shah, Anjnee Shah, Bhavni Shah, Neil Shah, Pallav Shah, Priyank Shah, Qasim Shah, Sarfaraz H Shah, Snehal Shah, Suraj Shah, Syed Shah, Sousan Shahi, Sipan Shahnazari, Ramli Shahrul, Muhammad Shahzeb, Amina Y Shaikh, Rajit Shail, Mariya Shaji, Korah Shalan, Nafe Shami, Nadia Shamim, Kazi Shams, Thomas Shanahan, Paul Shannon, Hamed Sharaf, Asir Sharif, Akhilesh Sharma, Ash Sharma, Mona Sharma, Ojasvi Sharma, Rajeev Sharma, Sanjeev Sharma, Sarkhara Sharma, Alexander Sharp, Charles Sharp, Gemma Sharp, Paula Sharratt, Phoebe Sharratt, Christopher Shaw, David Shaw, Deborah Shaw, Joanne Shaw, Jonathan Shaw, Lisa Shaw, Tomos G Shaw, Anna Shawcross, Jill Shawe, Sophy Shedwell, Jonathan Sheffield, Zak Shehata, Arshiya Sheik, Asif Sheikh, Noorann Sheikh, Benjamin Shelley, Sarah Shelton, Anil Shenoy, Julie Shenton, Amy Shepherd, Lorna Shepherd, Scott Shepherd, Rhian Sheppeard, Helen Sheridan, Ray Sheridan, Samuel Sherridan, Leanne Sherris, Susanna Sherwin, Shaad Shibly, Norma Shields, Chiaki Shioi, Lucy Shipp, Anand Shirgaonkar, Kim Shirley, Adebusola Shonubi, Rohan Shotton, Sarah Shotton, Ervin Shpuza, Nora Shrestha, Karen Shuker, Jack Shurmer, Loria Siamia, Seshnag Siddavaram, Nasir Siddique, Sohail Siddique, Nyma Sikondari, Malcolm Sim, Robert Sime, Oliver Simmons, Richard Simms, Angela Simpson, Anna Simpson, Danny Simpson, Georgina Simpson, Kathryn Simpson, Kerry Simpson, Phillip Simpson, Thomas Simpson, Janet Sinclair, Ankita Singh, Claire Singh, Jayaprakash Singh, Jyoti Singh, Manjeet Singh, Nadira Singh, Pankaj Singh, Prabhsimran Singh, Salil Singh, Parag Singhal, Surendra Singham, Bryan Singizi, Manas Sinha, Sharad Sinha, Utkarsh Sinha, Guy Sisson, Karthikadevi Sivakumar, Shanmugasundaram Sivakumar, Darshi Sivakumaran, Sivanthi Sivanadarajah, Nicole Skehan, Robert Skelly, Jill Skelton, Orlagh Skelton, Imogen Skene, Denise Skinner, Tabitha Skinner, Victoria Skinner, Agnieszka Skorko, Iwona Skorupinska, Mariola Skorupinska, Amy Slack, Katie Slack, Heather Slade, Mark Slade, Holly Slater, Lynda Slater, Nicola Slawson, Andrew Sloan, Brendan Sloan, Derek Sloan, Grace Sluga, Ellen Small, Samuel Small, Karen D Smallshaw, Andy Smallwood, Carien Smit, Aileen Smith, Amanda Smith, Amy Smith, Andrew Smith, Catherine Smith, Chris Smith, Christopher Smith, Dominic Smith, Eleanor Smith, Hazel Smith, Helen Smith, Jacky Smith, Jeannette Smith, Jessica Smith, John Smith, Kate Smith, Kerry Smith, Lara Smith, Lesley Smith, Linda Smith, Lisa Smith, Loren Smith, Lucy Smith, Matthew Smith, Mel Smith, Rachel Smith, Rebecca Smith, Richard Smith, Sally Smith, Stacey Smith, Stephanie Smith, Susan Smith, Sue Smolen, Sara Smuts, Jennifer Smyth, Naoise Smyth, Anette Snell, Alfred So, Beng So, Michelle Soan, Toluleyi Sobande, Alberto Sobrino Diaz, Basit Sohail, Bina Sohail, Roy Soiza, Olajumoke Solademi, Babak Soleimani, Amanda Solesbury, Louise Solomon, Subash Somalanka, Chandrashekaraiah Somashekar, Raj Sonia, Shiu-Ching Soo, Jennifer Soren, Vittoria Sorice, Apina Sothinathan, Pragalathan Sothirajah, Carmen Soto, Najwa Soussi, Donna Southam, David Southern, Iain Southern, Louise Southern, Sara M Southin, Thomas Southworth, Jason Sowter, Claudia Spalding, Enti Spata, Katie Spears, Mark Spears, Branwell Spencer, Gisele Spencer, Sue Spencer, Helen Spickett, Jennifer Spillane, William Spiller, Kerry Spinks, Michelle Spinks, Nick Spittle, Johanna Sporrer, Oliver Spring, Gemma Squires, Jack Squires, Rebecca Squires, Ram Sreenivasan, Ramesh Srinivasan, Asha Srirajamadhuveeti, Vino Srirathan, Sybil Stacpoole, Louise Stadon, Jennifer Stahle, Nikki Staines, Roxana Stanciu, Grazyna Stanczuk, Simon Stapley, Natalie Staplin, Michelle Starr, Rachael Stead, Conor Steele, Paula Stefanowska, Alison Stephens, David Stephensen, Courtney Stephenson, Elaine Stephenson, Monique Sterrenburg, Will Stevens, Amy Stevenson, Andrew Stevenson, Daniel Stevenson, Lesley Stevenson, Sarah Stevenson, Claire Stewart, Grant Stewart, Richard Stewart, Jo Stickley, Beverley Stidolph, Gemma Stiller, Sarah Stirrup, Sarah Stock, Alexander Stockdale, Lynne Stockham, Emma Stoddard, Chris Stokes, Ben Stone, Sarah Stone, Sophia Stone, Imogen Storey, Kim Storton, Frederick Stourton, Angela Strachan, Emma Stratton, Jane Stratton, Sam Straw, Dieter Streit, Emma Stride, Sally Stringer, Sophia Strong-Sheldrake, Siske Struik, Carmel Stuart, Anna Stubbs, Harrison Stubbs, Ann Sturdy, Sharon Sturney, Matt Stuttard, Cristina Suarez, Karuna Subba, Chris Subbe, Manjula Subramanian, Vaidyanathan Subramanian, Venkatram Subramanian, Chinari Subudhi, Rebecca Suckling, Srivatsan Sudershan, Taku Sugai, Peter Sugden, Rudresh Sukla, Ali Suliman, Fatimah Suliman, Sugrah Sultan, Alasdair Summers, Samyukta Sundar, Reka Sundhar, Nadia Sunni, Jay Suntharalingam, Amitava Sur, Dharmic Suresh, Shilpa Suresh, Michael Surtees, Danielle Suter, Helen Sutherland, Rebecca Sutherland, Dovile Sutinyte, Deborah Sutton, Sam Sutton, Amy Sutton-Cole, Mihaela Sutu, Marie-Louise Svensson, Sima Svirpliene, Andrew Swain, Thomas Swaine, Keshav Swarnkar, Tirion Swart, Ealish Swift, Pauline Swift, Rachael Swift, Rachel Swingler, Sophie Swinhoe, Katarzyna Swist-Szulik, Luke Swithenbank, Yasir Syed, Catriona Sykes, Daisy Sykes, Dominic Symon, Lesley Symon, Jen Syson, Gemma Szabo, Tamas Szakmany, Megan Szekely, Matthew Szeto, Maria Tadros, Lucy Tague, Hasan Tahir, Abigail Takyi, James Talbot-Ponsonby, Bradley Tallon, Bee TT Tan, Hock Tan, Huey Tan, WeiTeen Tan, Anand Tana, Rebecca Tangney, Christina Tanney, Tabitha Tanqueray, Emma Tanton, Hayley Tarft, Syed Tariq, David Tarpey, Antonia Tasiou, Elizabeth Tatam, Margaret Louise Tate, Paul Tate, Kate Tatham, Vera Tavoukjian, Alexander Taylor, Andrew Taylor, Beverley Taylor, Claire Taylor, David Taylor, Jennifer Taylor, Joanne Taylor, Julie Taylor, Karen Taylor, Leanne Taylor, Margaret Taylor, Matthew Taylor, Melanie Taylor, Natalie Taylor, Rachael Taylor, Rachel Taylor, Samantha Taylor, Suzanne Taylor, Tracey Taylor, Vicky Taylor, Michelle Taylor-Siddons, Thomas Taynton, Amelia Te, Jessica Teasdale, Julie Tebbutt, Caroline Tee, Adam Telfer, Vibha Teli, Jennifer Tempany, Julie Temple, Natalie Temple, Helen Tench, Yi He Teoh, Lynne Terrett, Louise Terry, Dariusz Tetla, Daniel Tewkesbury, Manish Thakker, Mini Thankachen, Dushen Tharmaratnam, Hilary Thatcher, Andrew Thayanandan, Krishna Thazhatheyil, Eaint Thein, Byron Theron, Phyu Thet, Kapeendran Thevarajah, Brinda Thillainathan, Yvette Thirlwall, Muthu Thirumaran, Alice Thomas, Amy Thomas, Andrew Thomas, Emma Thomas, Enson Thomas, Esther Thomas, Helen Thomas, James Thomas, Karen Thomas, Koshy Thomas, Lucy Thomas, Megan Thomas, Rachel Thomas, Rebecca Thomas, Rhys Thomas, Ruth Thomas, Sarah Thomas, Sherine Thomas, Tessy Thomas, Vicky Thomas, Rhian Thomas-Turner, Catherine Thompson, Christopher Thompson, Clara Thompson, Fiona Thompson, Katharine Thompson, Laura Thompson, Liz Thompson, Orla Thompson, Roger Thompson, Jason Thomson, Nicola Thomson, Natasha Thorn, Charlotte Thorne, Nicola Thorne, Jim Thornton, Richard Thornton, Sarah Thornton, Susan Thornton, Thomas Thornton, Christopher Thorpe, Sarah Thorpe, Paradeep Thozthumparambil, Laura Thrasyvoulou, Hannah Thraves, Guy Thwaites, Simon Tiberi, Serena Tieger, Carey Tierney, Caroline Tierney, Mark Tighe, Sorrell Tilbey, Amanda Tiller, Elizabeth Timlick, Hayley Timms, Anne-Marie Timoroksa, Samakomva Tinashe, Heather Tinkler, Marianne Tinkler, Jacqui Tipper, Sophie Tisi, Helen Tivenan, Suzy Tluk, Helen T-Michael, Anne Todd, Jackie Todd, Stacy Todd, Mohamed Tohfa, Melanie Tolson, Ana L Tomas, Natalia Tomasova, Sharon Tomlin, Simon Tomlins, Ivan Tonna, Kirsty Topham, Mathew Topping, Parisa Torabi, M Estee Torok, Mark Toshner, Ruhaif Tousis, Peter Tovey, Gareth Towersey, Jill Townley, Richard Tozer, Myat T Trafford, Helen Tranter, Christopher Travill, Sarah Traynor, Ascanio Tridente, Sanchia Triggs, Fiona Trim, Alex Trimmings, Tom Trinick, Maria Tripouki, Ashifa Trivedi, Dawn Trodd, Amy Trotter, Madeleine Trowsdale Stannard, Nigel Trudgill, Daniel Trushell-Pottinger, Maria Truslove, Shaun Trussell, Tariq Trussell, Kyriaki Tsakiridou, Christine Tsang, Peter Tsang, Kyriaki K Tsilimpari, Georgios Tsinaslanidis, Simon Tso, Sally Tucker, Aisha Tufail, Redmond Tully, Killian Turbitt, Rezon Turel, Tolga Turgut, Claudia Turley, Alison Turnbull, Aine Turner, Ash Turner, Charlotte Turner, Gail Turner, Kate Turner, Kelly Turner, Lucy Turner, Mark Turner, Patricia Turner, Sally Turner, Samantha Turner, Victoria Turner, Sharon Turney, Jon Turvey, Emma Twohey, Bhavya Tyagi, Vedang Tyagi, Abigail Tyer, Jayne Tyler, Jennifer Tyler, Alison Tyzack, Petros Tzavaras, Mohammad S Uddin, Ruhama Uddin, Salamat Ullah, Sanda Ullah, Athavan Umaipalan, Judith Umeadi, Akudo Umeh, Wilfred Umeojiako, Lizzie Undrell, Adam Unsworth, Veerpal SU Uppal, Gerry Upson, Alison Uriel, Sebastian Urruela, Hiromi Uru, Miranda Usher, Rebecca Usher, Andrew Ustianowski, Linda C Vaccari, Abhay Vaidya, Erika Vainieri, Bernardas Valecka, Jennifer Valentine, Balan Valeria, Luke Vamplew, Ekaterini Vamvakiti, Joannis Vamvakopoulos, Maud van de Venne, Alex van der Meer, Nora van der Stelt, Lynne Van Koutrik, Joseph Vance-Daniel, Rama Vancheeswaran, Samuel I Vandeyoon, Padma Vankayalapati, Chloe Vansomeren, William Van't Hoff, Sejal Vara, Anu Varghese, Maria Varghese, Teena Varghese, William Varney, Giulia Varnier, Valeria Vasadi, Vimal Vasu, Vasanthi Vasudevan, Ramu Vathenen, Manu Vatish, Heloyes Vayalaman, Christopher Vaz, Niki Veale, Bar Velan, Swati Velankar, Luxmi Velauthar, Neyme Veli, Nicola Vella, Anitha Velusamy, Ian Venables, Mavi Venditti, Ramya Venkataramakrishnan, Richard Venn, Robert Venn, Lyn Ventilacion, Mark Veres, Stefania Vergnano, Will Verling, Amit Verma, Britney Vernon, Nathan Vernon, Mark Vertue, Natalie Vethanayagam, Lucy Veys, Jennifer Vidler, Denise Vigni, Vinod W Vijayaraghavan Nalini, Enric Vilar, Neringa Vilimiene, Joseph Villiers, Sylvia Vinay, Latha Vinayakarao, Rachel Vincent, Rosie Vincent, Lisa Vincent Smith, Emma Virgilio, Abdullah M Virk, Elisa Visentin, Karunakaran Vithian, Alain Vuylsteke, Eleftheria Vyras, Richard Wach, Beverley Wadams, Susan Wadd, Natalia Waddington, Kirsten Wadsworth, Syed EI Wafa, Daniel Wagstaff, Lynda Wagstaff, Dalia Wahab, Zaroug Wahbi, Khalilullah Wahdati, Sawan Waidyanatha, Rachel Wake, Alice Wakefield, Emma Wakefield, Harry Wakefield, William Wakeford, Fiona Wakinshaw, Andrew Walden, Lorna Walding, Claire Walker, Ian Walker, Kevin Walker, Kim Walker, Linda Walker, Marie Walker, Rachel Walker, Susan Walker, Elaine Wall, Rebecca Wallbutton, Jessica Wallen, Karl Wallendszus, Arabella Waller, Michael Waller, Rosemary Waller, Gabriel Wallis, Louise Wallis, Donna Walsh, Elizabeth Walsh, Lani Walshaw, Daniel Walter, Holt Walters, Jocelyn Walters, Eileen Walton, Maggie Walton, Michael Walton, Olivia Walton, Susan Walton, Mandy Wan, Thin Wan, Mary Wands, Rachel Wane, Frank Wang, Nick Wang, Ran Wang, Deborah Warbrick, Samantha Warburton, Deborah Ward, Emma Ward, Katie Ward, Luke Ward, Rachael Ward, Thomas Ward, Scott A Warden, Steve Wardle, Hassan Wardy, Tobias Wareham, Scott Waring, Jenny Warmington, Ben Warner, Christian Warner, Lewis Warnock, Sarah Warran, Lisa Warren, Yolanda Warren, Hannah Warren-Miell, Hazel J Watchorn, Holly Waterfall, Abby Waters, Donald Waters, Mark Waterstone, Catherine Watkins, Catrin Watkins, Eleanor Watkins, Karen Watkins, Lynn Watkins, Adam JR Watson, Ekaterina Watson, Eleanor Watson, Paul Watson, Robert Watson, Malcolm Watters, Donna Watterson, Daniel Watts, John Watts, Merlin Watts, Victoria Waugh, Emma Wayman, Akhlaq Wazir, Nick Weatherly, Hayley Webb, Kathryn Webb, Stephen Webb, Ian Webster, Tim Webster, Ling Wee, Thanuja Weerasinghe, Janaka Weeratunga, Maria Weetman, Shuying Wei, Freshtah Weidi, Hugh Welch, James Welch, Leanne Welch, Steven Welch, Samantha Weller, Claire Wells, Susan Wellstead, Berni Welsh, RIchard Welsh, Ingeborg Welters, Rachael Welton, Lauren Wentworth, Kate Wesseldine, Magdelena West, Raha West, Ruth West, Sophie West, Heather Weston, Alice Westwood, Bill Wetherall, Helen Wheeler, Matthew Whelband, Amanda Whileman, Jenny Whitbread, Benjamin White, Catherine White, Christopher White, Duncan White, James White, Jonathan White, Katie White, Marie White, Nick White, Sarah White, Sonia White, Tracey White, Catherine Whitehead, Anne Whitehouse, Claire Whitehouse, Tony Whitehouse, Sophie Whiteley, Gabriel Whitlingum, Elizabeth Whittaker, Lindsay Whittam, Ashley Whittington, Helen Whittle, Eunice Wiafe, Lou Wiblin, John Widdrington, Jason Wieboldt, Hannah Wieringa, Cornelia Wiesender, Laura Wiffen, Andrew Wight, Christopher Wignall, Danielle Wilcock, Emma Wilcock, Louise Wilcox, Karen Wild, Laura Wild, Stephen Wild, Michael Wilde, Peter Wilding, Tracey Wildsmith, Joe Wileman, Joy Wiles, Kate Wiles, Elva Wilhelmsen, Thomas Wiliams, David Wilkin, Hannah Wilkins, Joy Wilkins, Suzanne Wilkins, Iain Wilkinson, Lesley Wilkinson, Nicola Wilkinson, Sophia Wilkinson, Susan Wilkinson, Tim Wilkinson, Sylvia Willetts, Alexandra Williams, Alison Williams, Angharad Williams, Ava Williams, Carl Williams, Caroline V Williams, Claire Williams, Dewi Williams, Felicity Williams, Gail Williams, Hannah Williams, James Williams, Jennie Williams, John Williams, Joseph JR Williams, Karen Williams, Kathryn Williams, Marie Williams, Matthew Williams, Patricia Williams, Penny Williams, Samson Williams, Sarah Williams, Sophie Williams, Tamanna Williams, Annie Williamson, Cath Williamson, Catherine Williamson, Dawn Williamson, James D Williamson, Elizabeth Willis, Emily Willis, Heather Willis, Herika Willis, Joanna Willis, Louise Wills, Lucy Willsher, Francesca Willson, Alison Wilson, Andrea Wilson, Antoinette Wilson, Debbie Wilson, James Wilson, Kate Wilson, Lucinda Wilson, Mark Wilson, Toni Wilson, Tim Wilson, Marlar Win, Tin T Win, Lucinda Winckworth, Laura Winder, Piers Winder, Nicola Window, Simon Winn, Carmen Winpenny, Helen Winslow, Martin Winstanley, Helen Winter, Jonathan Winter, Barbara Winter-Goodwin, Stephen Wisdom, Martin Wiselka, Sophie Wiseman, Steven Wishart, Eric Witele, Nicholas Withers, Janet Wittes, Donna Wixted, Nicola Wolff, Kirsten Wolffsohn, Rebecca Wolf-Roberts, Elena Wolodimeroff, Chi-Hung Wong, Edwin Wong, Jessica SY Wong, Kit Y Wong, Nick Wong, Sam Wong, Caroline Wood, Dianne Wood, Fiona Wood, Hannah Wood, Jennifer Wood, Joe Wood, Lisa Wood, Louise Wood, Michelle Wood, Stephen Wood, Tracy Wood, Katharine Woodall, Rebecca Woodfield, Christopher Woodford, Jill Woodford, Louise Woodhead, Timothy Woodhead, Philip Woodland, Marc Woodman, Jane Woods, Katherine Woods, Sarah Woods, Elizabeth Woodward, Zoe Woodward, Megan Woolcock, Gemma Wooldridge, Rebecca Woolf, Chris Woollard, Louisa Woollen, Emma Woolley, Jade Woolley, Daniel Woosey, Dan Wootton, Joanne Wootton, Stephy Worton, Jonathan Wraight, Lynn Wren, Caroline Wrey Brown, Demi Wright, Francesca Wright, Imogen Wright, Lianne Wright, Rachel Wright, Caroline Wroe, Henry Wu, Peishan Wu, Pensee Wu, Johnathan Wubetu, Retno Wulandari, Kim Wyness, Frederick Wyn-Griffiths, Inez Wynter, Bindhu Xavier, Zhongyang Xia, Masseh Yakubi, May Yan, Michael Yanney, Salima Yasmin, Bryan Yates, David Yates, Edward Yates, Helen Yates, Mark Yates, Charlotte Yearwood Martin, Khin Yein, Robert Yellon, Fiona Yelnoorkar, Peter Yew, Kawai Yip, Laura Ylquimiche Melly, Inez Ynter, Cissy Yong, Jemma Yorke, Abdel Younes Ibrahim, Gail Young, Louise Young, Sajeda Youssouf, Ahmed Yousuf, Chrissie Yu, Bernard Yung, Daniel Yusef, Anna-Sophia Zafar, Silvia Zagalo, Su Zaher, Kareem Zaki, Nabhan Zakir, Kasia Zalewska, Ane Zamalloa, Mohsin Zaman, Shakir Zaman, Julie Zamikula, Louise Zammit, Marie Zammit-Mangion, Ausra Zdanaviciene, Esther Zebracki, Daniel Zehnder, Lisa Zeidan, Xiaobei Zhao, Dongling Zheng, Jane Zhixin, Doreen Zhu, Madiha Zia, Omar Zibdeh, Rabia Zill-E-Huma, Ei T Zin, Vivian Zinyemba, Christos Zipitis, Arkadiusz Zmierczak, Azam Zubir, Naz Zuhra, Rasha Zulaikha, Carol Zullo, Ana Zuriaga-Alvaro, National Institute for Health Research, UK Research and Innovation, University of St Andrews. School of Medicine, Horby, PW, Roddick, A, Spata, E, Staplin, N, Emberson, JR, Pessoa-Amorim, G, Peto, L, Day, J, Thwaites, G, Mafham, M, Haynes, R, and Landray, MJ
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_treatment, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Azithromycin, ResearchInstitutes_Networks_Beacons/humanitarian_conflict_response_institute, Rate ratio, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, RA0421, Oxygen therapy, RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Hospital Mortality, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, azithromycin, education.field_of_study, Covid19, clinical trial, General Medicine, 3rd-DAS, Middle Aged, Hospitalization, Survival Rate, Treatment Outcome, Humanitarian and Conflict Response Institute, Female, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, medicine.medical_specialty, RM, Population, COVID-19/drug therapy, Azithromycin/therapeutic use, 03 medical and health sciences, Pharmacotherapy, Tocilizumab, Medicine, General & Internal, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Internal medicine, General & Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, education, Survival rate, Mechanical ventilation, Science & Technology, business.industry, COVID-19, NIS, Length of Stay, R1, United Kingdom, COVID-19 Drug Treatment, RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RECOVERY Collaborative Group, chemistry, Relative risk, business, RA, Anaesthesia Pain and Critical Care
Abstract: The RECOVERY trial is supported by a grant to the University of Oxford from UK Research and Innovation (Medical Research Council) and NIHR (MC_PC_19056) and by core funding provided by NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Department for International Development, Health Data Research UK, the Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, the NIHR Health Protection Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, and NIHR Clinical Trials Unit Support Funding. TJ is supported by a grant from UK Medical Research Council (MC_UU_0002/14) and an NIHR Senior Research Fellowship (NIHR-SRF-2015-08-001). WSL is supported by core funding provided by NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre. Background: Azithromycin has been proposed as a treatment for COVID-19 on the basis of its immunomodulatory actions. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of azithromycin in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Methods: In this randomised, controlled, open-label, adaptive platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy [RECOVERY]), several possible treatments were compared with usual care in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 in the UK. The trial is underway at 176 hospitals in the UK. Eligible and consenting patients were randomly allocated to either usual standard of care alone or usual standard of care plus azithromycin 500 mg once per day by mouth or intravenously for 10 days or until discharge (or allocation to one of the other RECOVERY treatment groups). Patients were assigned via web-based simple (unstratified) randomisation with allocation concealment and were twice as likely to be randomly assigned to usual care than to any of the active treatment groups. Participants and local study staff were not masked to the allocated treatment, but all others involved in the trial were masked to the outcome data during the trial. The primary outcome was 28-day all-cause mortality, assessed in the intention-to-treat population. The trial is registered with ISRCTN, 50189673, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04381936. Findings: Between April 7 and Nov 27, 2020, of 16 442 patients enrolled in the RECOVERY trial, 9433 (57%) were eligible and 7763 were included in the assessment of azithromycin. The mean age of these study participants was 65·3 years (SD 15·7) and approximately a third were women (2944 [38%] of 7763). 2582 patients were randomly allocated to receive azithromycin and 5181 patients were randomly allocated to usual care alone. Overall, 561 (22%) patients allocated to azithromycin and 1162 (22%) patients allocated to usual care died within 28 days (rate ratio 0·97, 95% CI 0·87-1·07; p=0·50). No significant difference was seen in duration of hospital stay (median 10 days [IQR 5 to >28] vs 11 days [5 to >28]) or the proportion of patients discharged from hospital alive within 28 days (rate ratio 1·04, 95% CI 0·98-1·10; p=0·19). Among those not on invasive mechanical ventilation at baseline, no significant difference was seen in the proportion meeting the composite endpoint of invasive mechanical ventilation or death (risk ratio 0·95, 95% CI 0·87-1·03; p=0·24). Interpretation: In patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19, azithromycin did not improve survival or other prespecified clinical outcomes. Azithromycin use in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 should be restricted to patients in whom there is a clear antimicrobial indication. Publisher PDF
Published: 2021
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10. Changes in the host transcriptome and microbial metatranscriptome of the ileum of dairy calves subjected to artificial dosing of exogenous rumen contents

Author: Anna Larsen, Madison S. Cox, Andrew J. Steinberger, Wenli Li, Andrea Edwards, Garret Suen, S.M. Raabis, Joseph H. Skarlupka, and Brianna Murphy
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Rumen, Physiology, 030106 microbiology, Ileum, Weaning, Biology, Microbiology, Transcriptome, 03 medical and health sciences, Immune system, Genetics, medicine, Animals, RNA-Seq, Dairy cattle, Gastrointestinal tract, Host Microbial Interactions, Animal Feed, Small intestine, Immunity, Innate, Body Fluids, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Gene Ontology, Animals, Newborn, Genes, RNA, Ribosomal, Cattle, Female
Abstract: Development of a properly functioning gastrointestinal tract (GIT) at an early age is critical for the wellbeing and lifetime productivity of dairy cattle. The role of early microbial colonization on GIT development in neonatal cattle and the associated molecular changes remain largely unknown, particularly for the small intestine. In this study, we performed artificial dosing of exogenous rumen fluid during the early life of the calf, starting at birth through the weaning transition at 8 wk. Six calves were included in this study. At 8 wk of age, tissue from the ileum was collected and subjected to host transcriptome and microbial metatranscriptome analysis using RNA sequencing. A total of 333 genes showed significant differential expression (DE) (fold-change ≥2; adjusted P < 0.1, mean read-count ≥10) between the treated and control calves. Gene ontology analysis indicated that these DE genes are predominantly associated with processes related to the host immune response ( P < 0.0001). Association analysis between the host gene expression and the microbial genus abundance identified 57 genes as having significant correlation with the ileum microbial genera ( P < 0.0001). Of these, three genes showed significant association with six microbial genera: lysozyme 2 ( LYZ2), fatty acid binding protein 5 ( FABP5), and fucosyltransferase (FUT1). Specifically, the profound increase in expression of LYZ2 in treated calves suggests the initiation of antibacterial activity and innate response from the host. Despite the limitation of a relatively small sample size, this study sheds light on the potential impact of early introduction of microbes on the small intestine of calves.
Published: 2020

11. Assessment of Sexual Reproductive Health Knowledge Amongst Patients with Cystic Fibrosis

Author: D. Lau, Lorraine Speight, Andrea Edwards, R.I. Ketchell, Jamie Duckers, and C. Wilson
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Genetic counseling, media_common.quotation_subject, Rehabilitation, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Fertility, Carrier testing, Quality of life (healthcare), Family medicine, Life expectancy, Medicine, Anxiety, Thematic analysis, medicine.symptom, business, Reproductive health, media_common
Abstract: This study is concerned with evaluating cystic fibrosis (CF) annual review practice. More precisely, we wanted to know if we are utilizing genetic counseling services and identifying poor knowledge of sexual reproductive health at annual review. We conducted short interviews with 21 CF patients at annual review regarding genetic counseling knowledge and perception. Patient responses were documented, analyzed and coded using a simple thematic analysis to precis the content. Immediately post-interview, patients were asked to complete a CF questionnaire comprised of nine questions, testing knowledge of the science of Mendelian genetics, contraceptive needs and fertility. Knowledge was then compared to responses documented at annual review. Emerging themes from interviews included: poor knowledge and a need for more information regarding what genetic counseling involves, a positive perception and experience of genetic counseling for those who had attended, and partner anxiety related to carrier testing. The percentage of patients who reported they were aware of the CF fertility and genetic issues was 95%, however, questionnaire scores ranged from 0 to 9/9 (mean 4.8 SD [2.2]). 57% of patients had received genetic counseling. These patients had a statistically significantly higher score 6.2 (1.5) versus those who had not 2.9 (1.3) p
Published: 2019
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12. Inferring Personalized and Race-Specific Causal Effects of Genomic Aberrations on Gleason Scores: A Deep Latent Variable Model

Author: Zhong Chen, Andrea Edwards, Chindo Hicks, and Kun Zhang
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Cancer Research, In silico, Population, Inference, Computational biology, SPOP, Biology, lcsh:RC254-282, 03 medical and health sciences, Prostate cancer, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Latent variable model, education, deep latent variable model, Original Research, education.field_of_study, causal effect inference, genomic aberrations, Gleason scores, medicine.disease, lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, prostate cancer, Autoencoder, Confidence interval, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, racial disparity
Abstract: Extensive research has examined socioeconomic factors influencing prostate cancer (PCa) disparities. However, to what extent molecular and genetic mechanisms may also contribute to these inequalities still remains elusive. Although various in vitro, in vivo, and population studies have originated to address this issue, they are often very costly and time-consuming by nature. In this work, we attempt to explore this problem by a preliminary study, where a joint deep latent variable model (DLVM) is proposed to in silico quantify the personalized and race-specific effects that a genomic aberration may exert on the Gleason Score (GS) of each individual PCa patient. The core of the proposed model is a deep variational autoencoder (VAE) framework, which follows the causal structure of inference with proxies. Extensive experimental results on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) 270 European-American (EA) and 43 African-American (AA) PCa patients demonstrate that ERG fusions, somatic mutations in SPOP and ATM, and copy number alterations (CNAs) in ERG are the statistically significant genomic factors across all low-, intermediate-, and high-grade PCa that may explain the disparities between these two groups. Moreover, compared to a state-of-the-art deep inference method, our proposed method achieves much higher precision in causal effect inference in terms of the impact of a studied genomic aberration on GS. Further validation on an independent set and the assessment of the genomic-risk scores along with corresponding confidence intervals not only validate our results but also provide valuable insight to the observed racial disparity between these two groups regarding PCa metastasis. The pinpointed significant genomic factors may shed light on the molecular mechanism of cancer disparities in PCa and warrant further investigation.
Published: 2020

13. Changes in meta-transcriptome of rumen epimural microbial community and liver transcriptome in young calves with feed induced acidosis

Author: Wenli Li, Sonia Gelsinger, Christina Riehle, Andrea Edwards, and Daniel J. Koch
Subjects: Rumen, Pyruvate metabolic process, lcsh:Medicine, Physiology, Biology, Article, Transcriptome, medicine, Animals, Weaning, lcsh:Science, Dairy cattle, Acidosis, Multidisciplinary, lcsh:R, Lipid metabolism, Genomics, Animal Feed, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Disease Models, Animal, Cellular component organization, Liver, Cattle, lcsh:Q, Gene expression, medicine.symptom
Abstract: The common management practices of dairy calves leads to increased starch concentration in feed, which subsequently may cause rumen acidosis while on milk and during weaning. Until recently, few attempts were undertaken to understand the health risks of prolonged ruminal acidosis in post weaning calves. Resultantly, the molecular changes in the digestive tracts in post-weaning calves with ruminal acidosis remain largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated the liver transcriptome changes along with its correlation with the rumen microbial rRNA expression changes in young calves using our model of feed induced ruminal acidosis. In this model, new born calves were fed a highly processed, starch-rich diet starting from one week of age through 16 weeks. A total of eight calves were involved in this study. Four of them were fed the acidosis-inducing diet (Treated) and the rest of the four were fed a standard starter diet (Control). Liver and rumen epithelial tissues were collected at necropsy at 17 weeks of age. Transcriptome analyses were carried out in the liver tissues and rRNA meta-transcriptome analysis were done using the rumen epithelial tissues. The correlation analysis was performed by comparing the liver mRNA expression with the rumen epithelial rRNA abundance at genus level. Calves with induced ruminal acidosis had significantly lower ruminal pH in comparison to the control group, in addition to significantly less weight-gain over the course of the experiment. In liver tissues, a total of 428 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (fold-change, FC ≥ 1.5; adjusted P ≤ 0.1) were identified in treated group in comparison to control. Biological pathways enriched by these DEGs included cellular component organization, indicating the impact of ruminal acidosis on liver development in young calves. Specifically, the up-regulated genes were enriched in acute phase response (P P P ≪ 0.001), indicating the liver’s response to feed induced acidosis at the transcriptome level. Twelve transferase activity related genes had significant correlation with rumen microbial rRNA expression changes. Among these genes, two up-regulated genes were reported with involvement in lipid metabolism in the liver, implying the direct effect of feed-induced acidosis on both the rumen microbial community and liver metabolism. Our study provides insight into the physiological remodeling in the liver resultant from the prolonged acidosis in post weaning calves, which may facilitate future RNA-seq based diagnosis and precision management of rumen acidosis in dairy calves.
Published: 2019
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14. Transcriptome analysis of rumen epithelium and meta-transcriptome analysis of rumen epimural microbial community in young calves with feed induced acidosis

Author: Sonia Gelsinger, Wenli Li, Andrea Edwards, Daniel J. Koch, and Christina Riehle
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Rumen, animal structures, lcsh:Medicine, Weaning, Biology, Weight Gain, Article, Epithelium, Transcriptome, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Animal science, medicine, Animals, lcsh:Science, Dairy cattle, Acidosis, Multidisciplinary, Gene Expression Profiling, Microbiota, lcsh:R, Age Factors, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Animal Feed, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Microbial population biology, lcsh:Q, Cattle, medicine.symptom, Weight gain, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Many common management practices used to raise dairy calves while on milk and during weaning can cause rumen acidosis. Ruminal pH has long been used to identify ruminal acidosis. However, few attempts were undertaken to understand the role of prolonged ruminal acidosis on rumen microbial community or host health in young calves long after weaning. Thus, the molecular changes associated with prolonged rumen acidosis in post weaning young calves are largely unknown. In this study, we induced ruminal acidosis by feeding a highly processed, starch-rich diet to calves starting from one week of age through 16 weeks. Rumen epithelial tissues were collected at necropsy at 17 weeks of age. Transcriptome analyses on the rumen epithelium and meta-transcriptome analysis of rumen epimural microbial communities were carried out. Calves with induced ruminal acidosis showed significantly less weight gain over the course of the experiment, in addition to substantially lower ruminal pH in comparison to the control group. For rumen epithelial transcriptome, a total of 672 genes (fold-change, FC ≥ 1.5; adjusted-p ≤ 0.05) showed significant differential expression in comparison to control. Biological pathways impacted by these differentially expressed genes included cell signaling and morphogenesis, indicating the impact of ruminal acidosis on rumen epithelium development. rRNA read-based microbial classification indicated significant increase in abundance of several genera in calves with induced acidosis. Our study provides insight into host rumen transcriptome changes associated with prolonged acidosis in post weaning calves. Shifts in microbial species abundance are promising for microbial species-based biomarker development and artificial manipulation. Such knowledge provides a foundation for future more precise diagnosis and preventative management of rumen acidosis in dairy calves.
Published: 2019
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15. A deep imputation and inference framework for estimating personalized and race-specific causal effects of genomic alterations on PSA

Author: Zhong Chen, Kun Zhang, Andrea Edwards, Bo Cao, and Hong-Wen Deng
Subjects: Male, business.industry, Computer science, Deep learning, Prostatic Neoplasms, Inference, Genomics, Computational biology, Prostate-Specific Antigen, medicine.disease, Missing data, Biochemistry, Autoencoder, White People, Computer Science Applications, Black or African American, Prostate cancer, Prostate-specific antigen, Empirical research, medicine, Humans, Imputation (statistics), Artificial intelligence, business, Molecular Biology
Abstract: Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) level in the serum is one of the most widely used markers in monitoring prostate cancer (PCa) progression, treatment response, and disease relapse. Although significant efforts have been taken to analyze various socioeconomic and cultural factors that contribute to the racial disparities in PCa, limited research has been performed to quantitatively understand how and to what extent molecular alterations may impact differential PSA levels present at varied tumor status between African–American and European–American men. Moreover, missing values among patients add another layer of difficulty in precisely inferring their outcomes. In light of these issues, we propose a data-driven, deep learning-based imputation and inference framework (DIIF). DIIF seamlessly encapsulates two modules: an imputation module driven by a regularized deep autoencoder for imputing critical missing information and an inference module in which two deep variational autoencoders are coupled with a graphical inference model to quantify the personalized and race-specific causal effects. Large-scale empirical studies on the independent sub-cohorts of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) PCa patients demonstrate the effectiveness of DIIF. We further found that somatic mutations in TP53, ATM, PTEN, FOXA1, and PIK3CA are statistically significant genomic factors that may explain the racial disparities in different PCa features characterized by PSA.
Published: 2021
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16. The modularity and dynamicity of miRNA–mRNA interactions in high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas and the prognostic implication

Author: Wei Fan, Wensheng Zhang, Andrea Edwards, Erik K. Flemington, and Kun Zhang
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Computational biology, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Bioinformatics, Biochemistry, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Structural Biology, Ovarian carcinoma, microRNA, Gene expression, Biomarkers, Tumor, medicine, Humans, RNA, Messenger, Gene, Ovarian Neoplasms, Organic Chemistry, Prognosis, medicine.disease, MicroRNAs, Computational Mathematics, Serous fluid, 030104 developmental biology, Tumor progression, Female, Ovarian cancer, Carcinogenesis
Abstract: Ovarian carcinoma is the fifth-leading cause of cancer death among women in the United States. Major reasons for this persistent mortality include the poor understanding of the underlying biology and a lack of reliable biomarkers. Previous studies have shown that aberrantly expressed MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in carcinogenesis and tumor progression by post-transcriptionally regulating gene expression. However, the interference of miRNAs in tumorigenesis is quite complicated and far from being fully understood. In this work, by an integrative analysis of mRNA expression, miRNA expression and clinical data published by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we studied the modularity and dynamicity of miRNA-mRNA interactions and the prognostic implications in high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas. With the top transcriptional correlations (Bonferroni-adjusted p-value < 0.01) as inputs, we identified five miRNA-mRNA module pairs (MPs), each of which included one positive-connection (correlation) module and one negative-connection (correlation) module. The number of miRNAs or mRNAs in each module varied from 3 to 7 or from 2 to 873. Among the four major negative-connection modules, three fit well with the widely accepted miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulation theory. These modules were enriched with the genes relevant to cell cycle and immune response. Moreover, we proposed two novel algorithms to reveal the group or sample specific dynamic regulations between these two RNA classes. The obtained miRNA-mRNA dynamic network contains 3350 interactions captured across different cancer progression stages or tumor grades. We found that those dynamic interactions tended to concentrate on a few miRNAs (e.g. miRNA-936), and were more likely present on the miRNA-mRNA pairs outside the discovered modules. In addition, we also pinpointed a robust prognostic signature consisting of 56 modular protein-coding genes, whose co-expression patterns were predictive for the survival time of ovarian cancer patients in multiple independent cohorts.
Published: 2016
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17. Racial disparities in patient survival and tumor mutation burden, and the association between tumor mutation burden and cancer incidence rate

Author: Erik K. Flemington, Wensheng Zhang, Andrea Edwards, and Kun Zhang
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, Tumor incidence, lcsh:Medicine, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Neoplasms, Epidemiology, medicine, Humans, In patient, lcsh:Science, Socioeconomic status, Survival analysis, Genetic Association Studies, Multidisciplinary, business.industry, Incidence, lcsh:R, Racial Groups, medicine.disease, Head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma, Obesity, Survival Analysis, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Mutation, Adenocarcinoma, lcsh:Q, business, SEER Program
Abstract: The causes underlying racial disparities in cancer are multifactorial. In addition to socioeconomic issues, biological factors may contribute to these inequities, especially in disease incidence and patient survival. To date, there have been few studies that relate the disparities in these aspects to genetic aberrations. In this work, we studied the impacts of race on the patient survival and tumor mutation burden using the data released by the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The potential relationship between mutation burden and disease incidence is further inferred by an integrative analysis of TCGA data and the data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. The results show that disparities are present (p r = 0.46, p r = 0.88, p
Published: 2017

18. Significant Prognostic Features and Patterns of Somatic TP53 Mutations in Human Cancers

Author: Andrea Edwards, Erik K. Flemington, Kun Zhang, and Wensheng Zhang
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Cancer Research, Microarray, Disease, Bioinformatics, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Germline mutation, Breast cancer, medicine, Clinical significance, somatic mutation, TP53, Gene, neoplasms, Original Research, Cancer, Mutation Spectra, Proportional hazards model, business.industry, medicine.disease, clinical outcomes, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, prognosis, business
Abstract: TP53 is the most frequently altered gene in human cancers. Numerous retrospective studies have related its mutation and abnormal p53 protein expression to poor patient survival. Nonetheless, the clinical significance of TP53 ( p53) status has been a controversial issue. In this work, we aimed to characterize TP53 somatic mutations in tumor cells across multiple cancer types, primarily focusing on several less investigated features of the mutation spectra, and determine their prognostic implications. We performed an integrative study on the clinically annotated genomic data released by The Cancer Genome Atlas. Standard statistical methods, such as the Cox proportional hazards model and logistic regression, were used. This study resulted in several novel findings. They include the following: (1) similar to previously reported cases in breast cancer, the mutations in exons 1 to 4 of TP53 were more lethal than those in exons 5 to 9 for the patients with lung adenocarcinomas; (2) TP53 mutants tended to be negatively selected in mammalian evolution, but the evolutionary conservation had various clinical implications for different cancers; (3) conserved correlation patterns (ie, consistent co-occurrence or consistent mutual exclusivity) between TP53 mutations and the alterations in several other cancer genes (ie, PIK3CA, PTEN, KRAS, APC, CDKN2A, and ATM) were present in several cancers in which prognosis was associated with TP53 status and/or the mutational characteristics; (4) among TP53-mutated tumors, the total mutation burden in other driver genes was a predictive signature ( P < .05, false discovery rate
Published: 2017

19. Regional citrate anticoagulation for hemorrhage experiments in rats

Author: Andrea Edwards, Chae-Hyuk Lee, J D Oliver, Elizabeth Barrows, Jeffrey Keesee, Stephen A. Byzek, and James L. Atkins
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Catheters, Lumen (anatomy), Shock, Hemorrhagic, Extracorporeal, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, medicine, Animals, Citrates, Blood Coagulation, Calcium metabolism, Heparin, business.industry, Anticoagulants, Rats, Surgery, Catheter, Concomitant, Anesthesia, Models, Animal, Hemorrhagic shock, Systemic administration, business, Software, medicine.drug
Abstract: Introduction Hemorrhage alone without concomitant trauma often results in a hypercoagulable state that makes it difficult to prevent clotting within the blood withdrawal catheters. Although systemic administration of heparin can ameliorate this problem, heparin use has many additional actions that may confound interpretation of the hemorrhage experiments. The problem can be resolved by the use of a dual lumen catheter that anticoagulates only the blood within the withdrawal circuit. We describe the design of such a catheter and evaluate its function in studies of hemorrhagic shock in rats. Materials and methods Construction directions are provided for the dual lumen catheter along with a commercial source. The catheters were connected to computer controllable infusion syringes. Either citrate or heparin was used for regional extracorporeal anticoagulation. Rats were anesthetized and hemorrhaged to 40 mm Hg for more than 15 min through the use of a computer program written in Labview. Ionized calcium measurements were obtained pre- and posthemorrhage. Results The catheters remained patent throughout the experiments. There was no significant difference in the ionized calcium whether citrate or heparin was used for extracorporeal anticoagulation. Conclusion The dual lumen catheters are suitable for the study of hemorrhagic shock in rats without the need for systemic anticoagulation. The catheters can be used with computer-controlled hemorrhage procedures.
Published: 2013
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20. Integrative Genomics and Transcriptomics Analysis Reveals Potential Mechanisms for Favorable Prognosis of Patients with HPV-Positive Head and Neck Carcinomas

Author: Kun Zhang, Wensheng Zhang, Zhide Fang, Erik K. Flemington, and Andrea Edwards
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, DNA repair, Genomics, Biology, Bioinformatics, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Carcinoma, medicine, Humans, Gene, Multidisciplinary, Gene Expression Profiling, Papillomavirus Infections, HPV infection, virus diseases, Prognosis, medicine.disease, female genital diseases and pregnancy complications, 3. Good health, Gene expression profiling, 030104 developmental biology, Head and Neck Neoplasms, Cancer cell, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell, Cancer research, DNA mismatch repair
Abstract: Patients with HPV-positive head neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) usually have a better prognosis than the HPV-negative cases while the underlying mechanism remains far from being well understood. We investigated this issue by an integrative analysis of clinically-annotated multi-omics HNSCC data released by the Cancer Genome Atlas. As confirmatory results, we found: (1) Co-occurrence of mutant TP53 and HPV infection was rare; (2) Regardless of HPV status, HNSCCs of wild-type TP53 implied a good survival chance for patients and had fewer genome-wide somatic mutations than those with a mutation burden on the gene. Our analysis further led to some novel observations. They included: (1) The genes involved in “DNA mismatch repair” pathway were up-regulated in HPV-positive tumors compared to normal tissue samples and HPV-negative cases, and thus constituted a strong predictive signature for the identification of HPV infection; (2) HPV infection could disrupt some regulatory miRNA-mRNA correlations operational in the HPV-negative tumors. In light of these results, we proposed a hypothesis for the favorable clinical outcomes of HPV-positive HNSCC patients. That is, the replication of HPV genome and/or its invasion into the genomes of cancer cells may enhance DNA repair mechanisms, which in turn limit the accumulation of lethal somatic mutations.
Published: 2016
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21. Diffuse Optical Images of Neonatal Seizures

Author: Nick Everdell, Harsimrat Singh, Andrea Edwards, Robert J. Cooper, Chuen Wai Lee, Topun Austin, Jeremy C. Hebden, and Laura A. Dempsey
Subjects: Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Medicine, Iterative reconstruction, Electroencephalography, business, Diffuse optical imaging, Biomedical engineering
Abstract: We present the first ever images of neonatal seizures, obtained using simultaneous diffuse optical imaging and EEG in a brain-injured infant. The haemodynamic correlate of electrographic seizures has a consistent, high-amplitude, biphasic morphology.
Published: 2014
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22. Developmental neurotoxicity of ortho-phthalate diesters: review of human and experimental evidence

Author: Russ Hauser, David C. Bellinger, Andrea Edwards, and Amir Miodovnik
Subjects: Developmental neurotoxicity, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, General Neuroscience, Phthalate, Physiology, Toxicology, Cohort Studies, chemistry.chemical_compound, Endocrinology, chemistry, Internal medicine, Childbearing age, medicine, Animals, Humans, Female, Neurotoxicity Syndromes, Animal studies, business, Prenatal exposure, o-Phthalaldehyde, Disinfectants
Abstract: Ortho-phthalate diesters, or phthalates, are widely used synthetic chemicals found primarily in consumer products and polyvinyl chloride plastics. Experimental evidence suggests that several phthalates possess antiandrogenic properties and may disrupt endocrine pathways resulting in abnormal reproductive outcomes. Low-level exposure to phthalates has been well documented in humans, with higher levels found in children and women of childbearing age. Recent epidemiologic studies postulate that prenatal exposure to measurable urine phthalate concentrations may be associated with altered genital and pubertal development in infants and children. This review addresses the emerging evidence that some phthalates may have an adverse impact on the developing brain. The supporting animal studies and proposed mechanisms underlying the deleterious properties of phthalates in relation to neurodevelopmental outcomes are also discussed. While the observed associations are based on limited studies with a broad range of endpoints, the implications of such outcomes are of concern from a public health standpoint and merit further investigation given the widespread nature of the exposure.
Published: 2013

23. miRNA-mRNA Correlation-Network Modules in Human Prostate Cancer and the Differences between Primary and Metastatic Tumor Subtypes

Author: Kun Zhang, Wei Fan, Wensheng Zhang, Erik K. Flemington, and Andrea Edwards
Subjects: Male, Transcription, Genetic, Gene regulatory network, lcsh:Medicine, Gene Expression, Bioinformatics, Prostate cancer, 0302 clinical medicine, RNA interference, Transforming Growth Factor beta, Cluster Analysis, Gene Regulatory Networks, Neoplasm Metastasis, lcsh:Science, Tissue homeostasis, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Systems Biology, Prostate Cancer, Chromoplexy, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Medicine, Epigenetics, Algorithms, Research Article, Signal Transduction, Computational biology, Biology, Molecular Genetics, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Genetics, Cancer Genetics, Humans, Gene Regulation, RNA, Messenger, KEGG, Gene Networks, 030304 developmental biology, Regulatory Networks, Microarray analysis techniques, Gene Expression Profiling, lcsh:R, Cancer, Computational Biology, Cancers and Neoplasms, Prostatic Neoplasms, medicine.disease, Signaling Networks, Gene expression profiling, Genitourinary Tract Tumors, MicroRNAs, lcsh:Q, Gene Function
Abstract: Recent studies have shown the contribution of miRNAs to cancer pathogenesis. Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men. Unlike other major types of cancer, no single gene has been identified as being mutated in the majority of prostate tumors. This implies that the expression profiling of genes, including the non-coding miRNAs, may substantially vary across individual cases of this cancer. The within-class variability makes it possible to reconstruct or infer disease-specific miRNA-mRNA correlation and regulatory modular networks using high-dimensional microarray data of prostate tumor samples. Furthermore, since miRNAs and tumor suppressor genes are usually tissue specific, miRNA-mRNA modules could potentially differ between primary prostate cancer (PPC) and metastatic prostate cancer (MPC). We herein performed an in silico analysis to explore the miRNA-mRNA correlation network modules in the two tumor subtypes. Our analysis identified 5 miRNA-mRNA module pairs (MPs) for PPC and MPC, respectively. Each MP includes one positive-connection (correlation) module and one negative-connection (correlation) module. The number of miRNAs or mRNAs (genes) in each module varies from 2 to 8 or from 6 to 622. The modules discovered for PPC are more informative than those for MPC in terms of the implicated biological insights. In particular, one negative-connection module in PPC fits well with the popularly recognized miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulation theory. That is, the 3'UTR sequences of the involved mRNAs (∼620) are enriched with the target site motifs of the 7 modular miRNAs, has-miR-106b, -191, -19b, -92a, -92b, -93, and -141. About 330 GO terms and KEGG pathways, including TGF-beta signaling pathway that maintains tissue homeostasis and plays a crucial role in the suppression of the proliferation of cancer cells, are over-represented (adj.p
Published: 2012

24. In vitro and in vivo effects of combination of Trastuzumab (Herceptin) and Tamoxifen in breast cancer

Author: Andrea Edwards, Idris Tolgay Ocal, Gil Mor, Debbie C. Koay, Chun-Xia Wang, Michael P. DiGiovanna, and Zhao Lu
Subjects: Cancer Research, Receptor, ErbB-2, Estrogen receptor, Mice, Nude, Breast Neoplasms, Biology, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, chemistry.chemical_compound, Mice, Growth factor receptor, In vivo, Trastuzumab, Cell Line, Tumor, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, medicine, Animals, Humans, Phosphorylation, skin and connective tissue diseases, Estrogen Receptor alpha, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Drug Synergism, Antiestrogen, Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays, Tamoxifen, Oncology, chemistry, Cancer cell, Cancer research, Female, Growth inhibition, medicine.drug, Signal Transduction
Abstract: Extensive interactions between estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) and HER2 signaling pathways have been described. Using BT-474 human breast cancer cells, we have previously shown that the combination of tamoxifen (TAM) and Herceptin results in strong synergistic growth inhibition, enhancement of G(0)-G(1) cell cycle accumulation, inhibition of HER2 activity and a cytostatic effect without cell death. To further examine the underlying mechanism of synergy, we investigated the effect of this drug combination on ERalpha function and growth factor downstream signaling. TAM caused a small increase in ERalpha levels while Herceptin had no effect, and both drugs caused an increase in the level of Ser118-phosphorylated ERalpha. However, both TAM and Herceptin individually inhibited ERalpha transcriptional activity, although the combination did not have a greater effect than either single agent. Herceptin inhibited MAPK and Akt activity, while TAM had no effect on these either as a single agent or when added to Herceptin. Using a BALB/c athymic BT-474 in vivo xenograft model, the drug combination (Herceptin 0.3 mg/kg i.p. twice weekly, TAM 1.0 mg/mouse i.p. three times per week) showed a greater inhibition of tumor growth compared to either single agent. Tumor extracts and fixed sections were examined at the end of the treatment period for treatment-specific alterations: we noted a paradoxical proliferation-inducing effect of TAM that was reversed by the addition of Herceptin. Our results indicate that combined targeting of both peptide growth factor receptors and ERalpha represents a promising breast cancer treatment strategy.
Published: 2005

25. Alu distribution and mutation types of cancer genes

Author: Andrea Edwards, Prescott L. Deininger, Wei Fan, Kun Zhang, and Wensheng Zhang
Subjects: endocrine system, lcsh:QH426-470, lcsh:Biotechnology, DNA Mutational Analysis, Alu element, Genes, Recessive, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Genome, 03 medical and health sciences, Exon, 0302 clinical medicine, Alu Elements, lcsh:TP248.13-248.65, hemic and lymphatic diseases, Neoplasms, Genetics, medicine, Cluster Analysis, Humans, Gene, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Models, Statistical, Genome, Human, Intron, Exons, Introns, lcsh:Genetics, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Mutation, Regression Analysis, Human genome, DNA microarray, Carcinogenesis, Biotechnology, Research Article, Genes, Neoplasm
Abstract: Background Alu elements are the most abundant retrotransposable elements comprising ~11% of the human genome. Many studies have highlighted the role that Alu elements have in genetic instability and how their contribution to the assortment of mutagenic events can lead to cancer. As of yet, little has been done to quantitatively assess the association between Alu distribution and genes that are causally implicated in oncogenesis. Results We have investigated the effect of various Alu densities on the mutation type based classifications of cancer genes. In order to establish the direct relationship between Alus and the cancer genes of interest, genome wide Alu-related densities were measured using genes rather than the sliding windows of fixed length as the units. Several novel genomic features, such as the density of the adjacent Alu pairs and the number of Alu-Exon-Alu triplets, were developed in order to extend the investigation via the multivariate statistical analysis toward more advanced biological insight. In addition, we characterized the genome-wide intron Alu distribution with a mixture model that distinguished genes containing Alu elements from those with no Alus, and evaluated the gene-level effect of the 5'-TTAAAA motif associated with Alu insertion sites using a two-step regression analysis method. Conclusions The study resulted in several novel findings worthy of further investigation. They include: (1) Recessive cancer genes (tumor suppressor genes) are enriched with Alu elements (p < 0.01) compared to dominant cancer genes (oncogenes) and the entire set of genes in the human genome; (2) Alu-related genomic features can be used to cluster cancer genes into biological meaningful groups; (3) The retention of exon Alus has been restricted in the human genome development, and an upper limit to the chromosome-level exon Alu densities is suggested by the distribution profile; (4) For the genes with at least one intron Alu repeat in individual chromosomes, the intron Alu densities can be well fitted by a Gamma distribution; (5) The effect of the 5'-TTAAAA motif on Alu densities varies across different chromosomes.
Published: 2011

26. The effect of the new GMS contract on GP appointment provision in Wales: postal questionnaire survey of practice managers

Author: Richard D Neal and Andrea Edwards
Subjects: Medicine(all), medicine.medical_specialty, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all), Nurse practitioners, business.industry, lcsh:R, Short Report, lcsh:Medicine, General Medicine, General medical services, Minor (academic), Best interests, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Postal questionnaire, Incentive, lcsh:Biology (General), Nursing, Phone, Family medicine, Medicine, lcsh:Science (General), Telephone triage, business, lcsh:QH301-705.5, lcsh:Q1-390
Abstract: Background Access to health professionals is a key UK NHS priority, and meeting access targets is rewarded through the new General Medical Services (GMS) contract in the UK. We sought to determine the current state of appointment provision in Wales and any changes resulting from the need to meet indicators in the new GMS contract. We undertook a postal questionnaire study of practice managers in all general practices in Wales. Findings Valid responses were received from 396/505 (78.4%) practice managers. 361 (93.1%) practices reported that they had achieved the target for 2004/05. 104 (26%) practices reported that they were 100% open access/advanced access. The most frequent changes reported in response to the new GMS contract were offering more open or advanced access slots (237, 60%), more GP phone consultations (167, 42%), introducing a telephone triage system (100, 25%), introducing a minor illness clinic (76, 19%), and employing or training a nurse practitioner (59, 15%). 83% practice managers believed that patients were able to get an appointment at the time they need it either 'all of the time' or 'most of the time', and 70% that patients were able to get an appointment with the GP of choice either 'all of the time' or 'most of the time'. Conclusion This survey has demonstrated the current extent of appointment provision in Wales, and how changes have been driven by incentives. Whether these changes are in the best interests of either patients or doctors, or both, remains to be seen.
Published: 2008

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26 results on '"Andrea Edwards"'

1. Quitting smoking after a cancer diagnosis is associated with high-risk neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio among tobacco use-related cancer survivors

2. Somatic mutations favorable to patient survival are predominant in ovarian carcinomas.

3. Inferring polymorphism-induced regulatory gene networks active in human lymphocyte cell lines by weighted linear mixed model analysis of multiple RNA-Seq datasets.

4. The sequence structures of human microRNA molecules and their implications.

5. miRNA-mRNA correlation-network modules in human prostate cancer and the differences between primary and metastatic tumor subtypes.

6. miRNA-mediated relationships between Cis-SNP genotypes and transcript intensities in lymphocyte cell lines.

7. Influence of CYP2D6 metabolizer status on ondansetron efficacy in pediatric patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A case series

8. Seeking the exclusive binding region of phenylalkylamine derivatives on human T‐type calcium channels via homology modeling and molecular dynamics simulation approach

9. Azithromycin in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial

10. Changes in the host transcriptome and microbial metatranscriptome of the ileum of dairy calves subjected to artificial dosing of exogenous rumen contents

11. Assessment of Sexual Reproductive Health Knowledge Amongst Patients with Cystic Fibrosis

12. Inferring Personalized and Race-Specific Causal Effects of Genomic Aberrations on Gleason Scores: A Deep Latent Variable Model

13. Changes in meta-transcriptome of rumen epimural microbial community and liver transcriptome in young calves with feed induced acidosis

14. Transcriptome analysis of rumen epithelium and meta-transcriptome analysis of rumen epimural microbial community in young calves with feed induced acidosis

15. A deep imputation and inference framework for estimating personalized and race-specific causal effects of genomic alterations on PSA

16. The modularity and dynamicity of miRNA–mRNA interactions in high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas and the prognostic implication

17. Racial disparities in patient survival and tumor mutation burden, and the association between tumor mutation burden and cancer incidence rate

18. Significant Prognostic Features and Patterns of Somatic TP53 Mutations in Human Cancers

19. Regional citrate anticoagulation for hemorrhage experiments in rats

20. Integrative Genomics and Transcriptomics Analysis Reveals Potential Mechanisms for Favorable Prognosis of Patients with HPV-Positive Head and Neck Carcinomas

21. Diffuse Optical Images of Neonatal Seizures

22. Developmental neurotoxicity of ortho-phthalate diesters: review of human and experimental evidence

23. miRNA-mRNA Correlation-Network Modules in Human Prostate Cancer and the Differences between Primary and Metastatic Tumor Subtypes

24. In vitro and in vivo effects of combination of Trastuzumab (Herceptin) and Tamoxifen in breast cancer

25. Alu distribution and mutation types of cancer genes

26. The effect of the new GMS contract on GP appointment provision in Wales: postal questionnaire survey of practice managers

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26 results on '"Andrea Edwards"'

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