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Abstract Objectives To analyze the results of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with remnant-preserving versus remnant-resecting technique, concerning the return to pre-lesion activity level. Methods The present retrospective cohort study has assessed adults > 18 years old who underwent ACL anatomical reconstruction between 2010 and 2014. The main outcomes assessed were: level of physical activity (4-point scale), sports participation rate, ACL rerupture defined as documented lesion requiring revision surgery and the numeric pain scale rate (NPSR). Results A total of 83 individuals were included in the study, with a mean age of 31.8 years old and follow-up mean time of 4.2 years after the surgery. A total of 34 patients underwent ACL reconstruction with remnant-preserving technique, and 49 without remnant preservation. No statistically significant difference was found between groups in all outcomes assessed: level of physical activity before the lesion and after the surgery, ACL rerupture rates and postoperative pain level. Subgroup analysis has shown a statistically significant decrease in the activity level in both groups. The most practiced sport was football; 72% of patients in the remnant group have resumed football activity versus 52.6% of the control group. Conclusion Based in these findings, the comparison between ACL reconstruction with remnant preserving technique and remnant resecting technique has shown no differences concerning the return to prelesion activity level.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the blood serum levels of CTX-II in professional indoor soccer players, at three different times during one season: at the start of the pre-season, four months later (a time that marks the middle of the season) and at the end of the season.METHODS: Fourteen male soccer players of mean age 19 years were included. Blood samples of 3 mL were collected from each individual. The samples were analyzed by means of Elisa tests.RESULTS: There was a significant increase in the serum level of CTX-II in the indoor soccer players, from the beginning to the end of the season (p< 0.01).CONCLUSION: These data suggest that joint degradation had occurred in these soccer players, by the end of this period. It is evident that further studies are needed, with methodological rigor, so as to make an effective contribution toward precise elucidation of the etiology of this osteoarthritis and its relationship with the biomarkers, as a tool for early diagnosis.

Objective: To assess the presence of tibial bone tunnel enlargement after surgical reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament using quadruple graft of the flexor tendons and correlate the functional results in their presence. Methods: The studied lasted six months and included 25 patients, with ages ranging from 18 to 43 years old. Assessment was based on radiographs taken immediately postoperatively and at the third and sixth month of follow up in the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Reconstruction of ligaments was performed with tendon grafts of the semitendinosus and gracilis muscle fixated in the femur with transverse metal screw and in the tibia with interference screws. Patients were evaluated objectively by tests ligament, graded from zero to four crosses and subjectively by the Lysholm method preoperative and after sixth month follow up. Results: Significant increase in the tunnels diameters were observed, 20.56% for radiographs in the anteroposterior view, 26.48% in profile view and 23.22% in computed tomography. Descriptive statistics showed significant improvement in subjective and objective clinical parameters. Conclusions: The bone tunnel enlargement is a phenomenon found in the first months after surgical reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament and it has no implications on clinical outcomes in the short term. Level of Evidence II, Prospective Study.

The aim of this study was to alert doctors to the existence of Turco's injury and discus the existing treatments that have been described in the worldwide literature. A bibliographic survey of Lisfranc's injury and Turco's injury covering from 1985 to 2013 was conducted in the SciELO and PubMed databases. Among the 193 articles, those relating to bone-ligament injuries of the Lisfranc joint and high-energy trauma were excluded, as were the case reports. The patients selected were professional or amateur athletes who solely presented a ligament injury to the Lisfranc joint (Turco's injury), which was diagnosed from the history, physical examination, radiographs and magnetic resonance images. Non-athletic patients and those with associated bone injuries were excluded (10). According to the injury classification, the patients were treated by means of either an open or a closed procedure and then a standard rehabilitation protocol. Out of the 10 patients, five underwent conservative treatment and five underwent surgical treatment using different techniques and synthesis materials. We obtained two poor results, one satisfactory, five good and two excellent. We conclude that the correct diagnosis has a direct influence on the treatment and on the final result obtained, and that lack of knowledge of this injury is the main factor responsible for underdiagnosing Turco's injury. There is a need for randomized prospective studies comparing the types of synthesis and evolution of treated cases, in order to define the best treatment for this injury.

A luxação do tendão do bíceps femoral é uma condição rara, descrita na literatura clinicamente com uma dor lateral do joelho e inicialmente relatada como uma inserção anômala da cabeça longa do bíceps femoral. Depois se verificou que a causa é uma mobilidade anormal do tendão sobre a proeminência da cabeça da fíbula em determinados ângulos de flexão do joelho. O objetivo deste relato de caso raro é descrever e discutir sobre o quadro de dor lateral no joelho num atleta de natação que iniciou a subluxação do bíceps femoral durante a prática esportiva, que o incapacitava de realizar provas e torneios. O caso é discutido frente à literatura levantada, à provável etiologia traumática de repetição que levou a essa condição, além do tratamento cirúrgico que foi realizado, obtendo excelente resultado e retorno a prática esportiva habitual.Dislocation of the femoral biceps tendon is rare and is described clinically in the literature as a lateral pain in the knee. It was initially reported as an anomalous insertion of the long head of the femoral biceps. Subsequently, it was found to be caused by abnormal mobility of the tendon over the prominence of the fibu lar head at certain angles of knee flexion. The objective of the present report was to describe and discuss a condition of lateral knee pain in a swimmer who started to present subluxation of the femoral biceps during sports practice, which incapacitated him from taking part in trials and competitions. The case is dis cussed in the light of the literature surveyed; the likelihood that the etiology for the trauma leading to this condition was repeti tion; and the surgical treatment instituted, which led to excellent results and the patient's return to his habitual sports practice.

OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma análise comparativa dos resultados da avaliação isocinética de força entre jogadores de futebol masculino profissional de campo e de salão e correlacioná-los aos índices de maior risco de lesão descritos na literatura. MÉTODOS: Analisamos 16 atletas jogadores de futebol de campo e 15 atletas jogadores de futsal. Todos os profissionais eram do sexo masculino e tiveram seus joelhos submetidos à avaliação isocinética da força muscular. RESULTADOS: A média de peso foi de 81,81kg para futebol de campo e 80,33kg para o futsal. Os picos de torque extensor direito e esquerdo para o futebol de campo e salão foram, respectivamente, 302,50 e 313,31Nm e 265,20 e 279,80Nm e, para flexores, 178 e 184,88Nm e 158,27 e 154Nm. Os índices de pico de torque por peso corpóreo dos extensores direito e esquerdo para o futebol de campo e salão foram, respectivamente, 3,84 e 3,7Nm/kg e 3,32 e 3,52Nm/ kg e, para flexores, 2,17 e 2,26Nm/kg e 1,98 e 1,93Nm/kg. A relação de equilíbrio entre músculos flexores e extensores dos lados direito e esquerdo para o futebol de campo e futsal foram, respectivamente, 59,81 e 59,44% e 60,47 e 54,80%. Os índices da relação de extensores entre os lados direito e esquerdo do futebol de campo e salão foram, respectivamente, 11,44 e 9,20% e, para os flexores, 7,31 e 8,80%. CONCLUSÕES: De acordo com parâmetros internacionais, a análise comparativa dos resultados da avaliação isocinética de força entre jogadores de futebol masculino profissional de campo e de salão na pré-temporada mostra que existe equilíbrio muscular e baixa probabilidade de lesão. Não existem diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os parâmetros analisados dos jogadores das duas modalidades.OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis on isokinetic strength assessments between field and indoor male professional soccer players and correlate the findings with the higher levels of injury risk described in the literature. METHODS: We analyzed 16 field soccer players and 15 indoor soccer players. All these professionals were male. Isokinetic muscle strength assessments were made on their knees. RESULTS: The mean weight was 81.81 kg for field soccer and 80.33 kg for indoor soccer. The right and left peak extensor torque left and rightfor field soccer and indoor soccer were, respectively, 302.50 and 313.31 Nm and 265.20 and 279.80 Nm, and for flexors, 178 and 184.88 Nm and 158.27 and 154 Nm. The peak torque rates according to body weight for the left and right extensors for field soccer and indoor soccer were, respectively, 3.84 and 3.7 Nm/kg and 3.32 and 3.52 Nm/kg, and for flexors, 2.17 and 2.26 Nm/kg and 1.98 and 1.93 Nm/kg. The balance relationships between flexors and extensors on the right and left sides for field soccer and indoor soccer were, respectively, 59.81 and 59.44% and 60.47% and 54.80%. The relationships for extensors between the right and left sides for field soccer and indoor soccer were, respectively, 11.44 and 9.20%, and for the flexors, 7.31 and 8.80%. CONCLUSIONS: In accordance with international parameters, comparative analysis on isokinetic strength assessments between field and indoor male professional soccer players before the season showed that there was muscle balance and low probability of injury. There were no statistically significant differences in the parameters analyzed between the players of the two types of soccer.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar as lesões musculoesqueléticas em atletas de elite da luta olímpica. MÉTODOS: Avaliação retrospectiva de 95 atletas por meio de um questionário estruturado contendo informações sobre lesões prévias e dados clínicos e epidemiológicos. RESULTADOS: Foram relatadas 145 lesões em 81 (85,3%) atletas. As regiões anatômicas mais freqüentemente acometidas foram o joelho (25,5%), o ombro (20%), a coxa (15,2%) e o tornozelo (14,5%). As entorses e as lesões musculares foram as lesões mais comumente relatadas com 34,5% e 30,4%, respectivamente. O tratamento cirúrgico foi necessário em 9% das lesões e a maioria destas lesões (61,5%) localizavam-se nos membros.inferiores. CONCLUSÕES: Lesões do aparelho locomotor são frequentes nos praticantes de luta olímpica e os membros inferiores são o segmento mais acometido.OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to retrospectively evaluate musculoskeletal injuries in elite Brazilian wrestlers. METHODS: Ninety-five wrestlers completed a structured questionnaire to asses wrestling injury history and clinical and demographic data. RESULTS: Eighty one athletes (85,3%) informed 145 lesions. The most commonly injured body regions were knee (25,5%), shoulder (20%), thigh (15,2%) and ankle (14,5%). Sprains (34,5%) and muscle lesions (30,4%) were the most common injuries. Surgical treatment was performed in 9% of the lesions and the majority of these lesions (61,5%) were located in the lower limbs. CONCLUSIONS: Musculoskeletal lesions are common in wrestling athletes and the lower limbs are the most frequently injured site.

OBJETIVO: Constatar a presença do alargamento do túnel ósseo tibial após a cirurgia de reconstrução do ligamento cruzado anterior usando enxerto quádruplo de tendões flexores e propor uma nova técnica para sua mensuração. MÉTODOS: O estudo durou seis meses, com 25 pacientes de idades variando entre 18 e 43 anos. A avaliação baseou-se em radiografias realizadas no pós-operatório imediato, terceiro e sexto meses de evolução das operações de reconstrução dos ligamentos cruzados anteriores reconstruídos com os enxertos do tendão do músculo semitendíneo e do músculo grácil, fixados no fêmur com parafuso transverso metálico e, na tíbia, com parafuso de interferência. As radiografias foram avaliadas pelo valor relativo entre o diâmetro do túnel e do osso, ambos 2cm abaixo do côndilo tibial medial. RESULTADOS: Aumento significativo dos diâmetros dos túneis, de 20,56% para radiografias na incidência anteroposterior e de 26,48% na incidência de perfil. O alargamento esteve presente em 48% das radiografias AP e perfil, porém esteve presente nas duas incidências em apenas 16% dos casos. CONCLUSÕES: O alargamento dos túneis ósseos é um fenômeno presente nos primeiros meses após a cirurgia de reconstrução do ligamento cruzado anterior. A técnica de mensuração proposta neste estudo é suficiente para sua detecção.OBJECTIVE: To assess the presence of tibial bone tunnel enlargement after surgery to reconstruct the anterior cruciate ligament using quadruple flexor tendon grafts, and to propose a new technique for its measurement. METHODS: The study involved 25 patients aged 18-43 years over a six-month period. The assessment was based on radiographs taken immediately postoperatively and in the third and sixth months of evolution after operations to reconstruct the anterior cruciate ligament using grafts from the tendons of the semitendinosus and gracilis muscles, fixed in the femur with a transverse metal screw and in the tibia with an interference screw. The radiographs were evaluated in terms of the relative value between the diameter of the tunnel and the bone, both at 2 cm below the medial tibial condyle. RESULTS: There were significant increases in tunnel diameters: 20.56% for radiographs in anteroposterior view and 26.48% in lateral view. Enlargement was present in 48% of anteroposterior and lateral radiographs, but was present in both views in only 16% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: Bone tunnel enlargement is a phenomenon found in the first months after surgery to reconstruct the anterior cruciate ligament. The measurement technique proposed in this study was sufficient to detect it.

O aumento da utilização dos tendões dos músculos grácil e semitendíneo nos procedimentos de reconstrução ligamentar do joelho foi acompanhado de um aumento nas complicações provenientes da extração dos mesmos, como: lesão do ligamento colateral tibial, lesão do nervo safeno, retirada equivocada do tendão do músculo sartório, secção dos próprios tendões e aumento do tempo cirúrgico por imperícia ou desconhecimento da anatomia da região medial do joelho(1-6). Como a extração destes tendões tem sido um fator limitante em alguns procedimentos ortopédicos, realizamos este estudo dissecando 30 joelhos de cadáveres com os seguintes objetivos: localizar a inserção dos músculos grácil e semitendíneo na tíbia; verificar se existe correlação entre esta localização com a estatura do cadáver e avaliar as possíveis variações anatômicas. Observamos que a inserção do tendão do músculo grácil foi, em média, a 4,6 cm abaixo da superfície articular do joelho e a do semitendíneo foi, em média, a 7,4 cm. Existe correlação entre a estatura das pessoas e a localização destes tendões. Os músculos grácil e semitendíneo apresentam geralmente algum tipo de variação anatômica, sendo a mais frequente a inserção acessória do semitendíneo, 70%, e em segundo lugar a fusão entre eles, 56%.The crescent use of the tendons of the gracile and semitendinous muscles in knee ligament reconstruction procedures was accompanied by an increase of the number of complications originated by their removal, such as: tibial collateral ligament injury, saphenous nerve injury, wrong removal of the sartorio muscle tendon, the very section of the tendons, and increase of surgical procedure time due to inexperience or lack of knowledge of the knee medial region anatomy. (1-6) As the removal of such tendons has been a limiting factor in some orthopaedic procedures, we conducted this study by dissecting 30 cadaver knees, with the following purpose: to locate the insertion of the gracile and semitendinous muscles in the tibia; to check the correlation, if existent, between this location with the cadaver height and to evaluate the potential anatomical changes. We observed that the gracile muscle tendon insertion was, in average, at 4.6 cm below knee joint surface, and the semitendinous was, in average, at 7.4 cm. There is a correlation between people’s heights and the location of those tendons. Gracile and semitendinous muscles usually present some kind of anatomical change, with the semitendinous accessory insertion being the most frequent one, accounting for 70%, followed by the merge between them, which accounted for 56%.

The formation of Pd(0) in the absence of any classical reducing agent in a medium containing Mg2+/Al3+ layered double hydroxide (LDH) and N,N-dimethylformamide was evidenced. XRD analysis showed the presence of crystalline phases of palladium in the Pd/LDH composite. Suzuki-Miyaura reactions in aqueous medium were carried out at room temperature, and good yields were obtained with bromoarenes and iodoarenes using the ternary system LDH-Pd-CD (cyclodextrin) as catalyst.