Search

Your search keyword '"Abubakar, S"' showing total 30 results
Start Over Author "Abubakar, S" Topic medicine
30 results on '"Abubakar, S"'

1. One Health in practice: Benefits and challenges of multisectoral coordination and collaboration in managing public health risks: A meta-analysis

Author

Valentina Thobias Sanga, Esron D. Karimuribo, and Abubakar S. Hoza

Subjects
multisectoral collaboration and multidisciplinary, multisectoral coordination, one health, one health framework, Medicine, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Background and Aim: One Health (OH) approach is crucial for the effective management of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases and other public health threats. A meta-analysis was conducted to explore the benefits and challenges encountered in the practical implementation of multisectoral coordination in the fight against public health threats and to identify similarities between countries in the practical implementation of multisectoral coordination and cooperation across sectors in OH. Materials and Methods: To identify relevant studies published globally between 2010 and 2023, a literature search was conducted online using Google Scholar and PubMed search engines. Inclusion criteria were adopted based on key search terms “One Health,” “multisectoral coordination,” “One Health framework,” and related terms “multisectoral collaboration” and “multidisciplinary.” Unpublished manuscripts, dissertations, and conference reports were excluded from the review. A total of 307 articles were retrieved. Titles, abstracts, and keywords were screened for inclusion criteria. We extracted and analyzed 46 full-text articles published in English. Unpublished manuscripts, dissertations, and conference reports were excluded from the study. Results: This study found that most countries have similar challenges that hamper the coordination of OH activities implementation. Of the 46 articles reviewed, 69.6% (n = 32) focused on the benefits of adopting the OH approach and 73.9% (n = 34) focused on multisectoral coordination and collaboration among sectors. In addition, 58.7% (n = 27) of the articles indicated that governments need to invest more resources in OH implementation, and 50% (n = 23) proposed that policies, guidelines, and plans should be integrated to facilitate multisectoral coordination and collaboration. In addition to inadequate coordination and funding, other reported challenges were limited knowledge (34.8%) (n = 16) and inadequate resources (32.6%) (n = 15). In addition, 21.7% (n = 10) highlighted different sectoral priorities and interests as obstacles to effective coordination in the implementation of OH activities. Conclusion: Multisectoral coordination plays a key role in the effective management of public health threats through OH. The creation of mechanisms for regular communication, the promotion of mutual trust, and the strengthening of relations between sectors will enhance cooperation. The similarity in challenges across regions observed in this study calls for countries across regions to prioritize OH operationalization and collaboration among sectors, strengthen collaboration, and synergize activities to enhance future changes in the mitigation of public health threats.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

2. A comparative study of multiparous and grand multiparous women in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria

Author

Attah RA, Muhammed Z, and Abubakar S

Subjects
Grandmultiparity, multiparity, comparism, labour complications perinatal outcome, Kano-Nigeria, Medicine
Abstract

Background: Traditionally, grandmultiparity has been considered to be an obstetric risk to both the mother and the fetus. Cases of grandmultiparity are common in the developing countries, where compounding factors such as low socioeconomic levels, female illiteracy, social deprivation and lack of access to modern family planning services are common. Objectives: This study is aimed at determining the prevalence and socio-demographic characteristics of grandmultiparous(GMP) women and multiparous(MP) women, the complications they may have during labour and delivery. Study Design: A 5-year retrospective study from 1st September, 2007 to 31st August, 2012 in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano. All the grandmultiparous and multiparous women were included. The unbooked patient and patients who booked but did not deliver in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital were excluded from the study. Their records were collected from the labour ward and Patients' case files were retrieved, studied and recorded in a proforma. Data analysis was done using Epi info version 3.5 statistical software (CDC Atlanta,Georgia,USA) and proportions were compared using the Chi square test where applicable with level of significance considered at a P-value of

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

3. Detection of CTX-M-Type Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing Salmonella Typhimurium in Commercial Poultry Farms in Copperbelt Province, Zambia

Author

Abubakar S. Hoza, Bernard. M. Hang’ombe, Naomi Kaonga, and Athumani M. Lupindu

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Veterinary medicine, Salmonella, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, 030106 microbiology, Poultry farming, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, medicine, Beta-lactamase, business
Abstract

In Zambia, poultry is a rapidly increasing sector contributing 4.8% of the Agricultural Gross Domestic Product (GDP), thus providing a significant income-generating activity. Worldwide, poultry is a major reservoir of Salmonella with an increasing incidence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing strains. ESBLs are enzymes produced by bacteria and are capable of inactivating a wide range of beta-lactam antibiotics. Salmonella enterica serovars Enteritidis and Typhimurium are the most important foodborne serotypes in many countries, infecting both humans and animals and are transmitted to humans through the food supply chain. CTX-M ESBLs have been described in Salmonella Typhimurium isolates with resistant genes located on transferable plasmids. This study aimed to detect S. Typhimurium, their antimicrobial resistance, and CTX-M-type ESBL Producing strains in commercial poultry farms in Copperbelt Province, Zambia. Five districts were considered for this study, where one poultry farm per district was randomly selected for sampling. An overall number of 384 fecal samples were analyzed using microbiological and molecular methods. S. Typhimurium was detected at 17.7% (CI: 14.2%-21.8%) in commercial poultry farms in Copperbelt Province, of which 12.8% (CI: 9.8%-16.5%) were found harboring the CTX-M-Type ESBL genes. S. Typhimurium isolates showed 88.2% resistance to at least one antimicrobial compound. All the isolates showed 100% resistance to tetracycline, followed by ampicillin and amoxicillin at 91.2%. These isolates also showed 58.8% resistance to cefotaxime and 54.4% to ceftazidime. Detection of CTX-M ESBL producing Salmonella Typhimurium suggests the contamination of chicken food chain at farm level and calls for public health protection measures.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

4. MATHEMATICAL MODELLING AND ANALYSIS OF CHOLERA DISEASE DYNAMICS WITH CONTROL

Author

Abubakar S. Magaji, Patrick Noah Okolo, Isaac Joshua, and Paul F. Useini

Subjects
Vaccination, medicine.medical_specialty, Sanitation, Environmental health, Public health, Psychological intervention, medicine, Health education, Disease, medicine.disease, Basic reproduction number, Cholera, Mathematics
Abstract

A deterministic mathematical model of cholera infection incorporating health education campaign, vaccination of susceptible humans, treatment of infected human and water sanitation is developed. It is shown that the solution of the model uniquely exist, it is positive and bounded in a certain region. The disease-free equilibrium (DFE) state of the model was determined and used to compute the basic reproduction number as a threshold for effective disease management. The result from stability analysis for the disease-free equilibrium state (DFEs) shows that it is locally as well as globally asymptotically stable whenever the basic reproduction number is less than unity (). The results obtained from the sensitivity index of show that the control parameters of public health education campaign, vaccination of susceptible individuals, treatment of infected humans and water sanitation are crucial parameters to cholera management. Numerical simulations show that, expanded and improved vaccination among other interventions is crucial in decreasing cholera burden. Furthermore, from the numerical simulations and results it is recommended that a combination of mass and consistent public health education campaigns, expanded vaccination coverage, prompt treatment of infected individuals, with water sanitation, is vital to public health strategies in eradicating cholera infection and deaths in the shortest possible time

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

7. Triple emergencies: Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, venous thromboembolism, and huge free‐floating right heart thrombus successfully managed with anticoagulation

Author

Hayatu Umar, Usman Muawiyya Zagga, Femi Akindotun Akintomide, Abdulaziz Aminu, Abubakar S. Maiyaki, Umar Zulkifilu, Musa Tambuwal Umar, Kabiru Mande Muhammad, Adeshina Abdulateef Yusuf, and Adamu Jibril Bamaiyi

Subjects
warfarin, Medicine (General), R5-920, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, huge right heart thrombus, low molecular weight heparin, venous thromboembolism, Medicine, Case Report, General Medicine, cardiovascular diseases
Abstract

A 57‐year‐old man, with type 2 diabetes mellitus, was admitted with a hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, who developed in‐hospital venous thromboembolism with huge free‐floating right heart thrombus, and there is no available optimal treatment option for the huge free‐floating right heart thrombus, except anticoagulation with warfarin and low molecular weight heparin with successful outcome., In a resource‐constrained setting, therapeutic anticoagulation though less favored may be helpful with a favorable outcome in the absence of an optimal therapeutic strategy in patients with HHS who develop VTE and right heart thrombus.

Published
2021

8. Reciprocal comparison of geodetically sensed and modeled vertical hydrological loading products

Author

Caleb I. Kelly, Abubakar S. Mohammed, Peng Yuan, Henry Montecino, Vagner G. Ferreira, Zhiqiang Liu, and Lu Y. Han

Subjects
Meteorology, business.industry, Mass concentration (astronomy), Gaussian blur, Geology, Building and Construction, Seasonality, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, medicine.disease, 01 natural sciences, Jet propulsion, symbols.namesake, Geophysics, Data assimilation, Global Positioning System, symbols, medicine, Environmental science, business, Space research, Groundwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

The Global Positioning System (GPS) permanent stations at the equatorial and southern sub-tropical hydrobelts of South America undergo the highest seasonality on the Earth due to hydrological loadings. Fortunately, there are products that account for such variations, although some of them have not been properly evaluated. For instance, global solutions of Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) are band-limited to lower frequencies; therefore, comparisons with GPS data must account for such spectral inconsistencies. It is proposed to spatially average 39 GPS sites by applying Gaussian smoothing, which allows comparisons with long-wavelength part of GRACE solutions by Center for Space Research (CSR), GeoForschungszentrum, and Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Comparisons are also carried out with loadings from Noah-driven Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) and GRACE mass concentration (mascon) solution by Goddard Space Flight Center. Results show that CSR best reduces the variances of the radial displacements considering both spatially filtered (70%) and unfiltered (53%) GPS data covering the period from Jan 2010 to Dec 2015. However, GLDAS-Noah underestimates the amplitudes of vertical loadings, which might be due to unmodeled inland water and groundwater storages. While acknowledging that a denser distribution of GPS stations is needed, the findings still shed light on the quality of the global hydrological loading products based on GRACE and GLDAS datasets, which might be of interest to the respective science teams.

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

9. Existence of Multiple ESBL Genes among Phenotypically Confirmed ESBL Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli Concurrently Isolated from Clinical, Colonization and Contamination Samples from Neonatal Units at Bugando Medical Center, Mwanza, Tanzania

Author

Stephen E. Mshana, Abubakar S. Hoza, Dory Kovacs, Katarina Oravcova, Vitus Silago, Louise Matthews, Jeremiah Seni, Happyness Samson, and Athumani M. Lupindu

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Klebsiella pneumoniae, medicine.drug_class, 030106 microbiology, Antibiotics, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, RM1-950, medicine.disease_cause, Biochemistry, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Antibiotic resistance, Multiplex polymerase chain reaction, medicine, polycyclic compounds, Pharmacology (medical), Colonization, antimicrobial resistance, General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics, Escherichia coli, biology, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, biology.organism_classification, bacterial infections and mycoses, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, bacteria, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, Mobile genetic elements, Bacteria
Abstract

The proportions and similarities of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing K. pneumoniae (ESBL-KP) and E. coli (ESBL-EC) carrying multiple ESBL genes is poorly known at our setting. This study investigated the existence of multiple ESBL genes (blaCTX-M, blaTEM, and blaSHV) among ESBL-KP and ESBL-EC concurrently isolated from clinical, colonization, and contamination samples from neonatology units in Mwanza-Tanzania. Twenty and 55 presumptive ESBL-EC and ESBL-KP, respectively, from a previous study archived at −80 °C were successfully recovered for this study. Isolates were screened and confirmed for production of ESBLs by phenotypic methods followed by multiplex PCR assay to determine ESBL genes. All (100%) and 97.3% of presumptive ESBL isolates were phenotypically confirmed by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and modified double-disc synergy methods, respectively. About 93.3% (70/75) of phenotypically confirmed ESBL isolates had at least one ESBL gene, whereby for 62.9% (44/70), all ESBL genes (blaCTX-M, blaTEM, and blaSHV) were detected. Eight pairs of ESBL bacteria show similar patterns of antibiotics susceptibility and ESBL genes. ESBL-KP and ESBL-EC, concurrently isolated from clinical, colonization and contamination samples, harbored multiple ESBL genes. Further, eight pairs of ESBL isolates had similar patterns of antibiotics susceptibility and ESBL genes, suggesting transmission of and/or sharing of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) among ESBL-KP and ESBL-EC.

Published
2021

10. Occurrence of Multidrug Resistant Escherichia coli in Raw Meat and Cloaca Swabs in Poultry Processed in Slaughter Slabs in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Author

Fauster X Mgaya, Amandus P. Muhairwa, Abubakar S. Hoza, and Mecky Matee

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Imipenem, Veterinary medicine, Cefotaxime, medicine.drug_class, Tetracycline, 030106 microbiology, Biology, Biochemistry, Microbiology, Tanzania, cloaca, 03 medical and health sciences, Ampicillin, Dar es Salaam, medicine, Pharmacology (medical), General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics, Raw meat, multidrug resistant, Escherichia coli, lcsh:RM1-950, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, Quinolone, bacterial infections and mycoses, Multiple drug resistance, Ciprofloxacin, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, lcsh:Therapeutics. Pharmacology, chicken meat, medicine.drug
Abstract

This cross-sectional study was conducted between January and June 2020, in five large poultry slaughter slabs in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Purposive sampling was used to select broilers and spent layers, from which meat and cloaca swabs were collected to determine the occurrence of multidrug resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli. Identification of isolates was done using API 20E, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed as per CLSI (2018) guidelines. EBSL (CTX-M, TEM, SHV) and plasmid mediated quinolone (qnrA, qnrB, qnrS and aac(6′)-Ib-cr) were screened using PCR. Out of 384 samples, 212 (55.2%) were positive for E. coli, of which 147 (69.3%) were resistant to multiple drugs (MDR). Highest resistance was detected to tetracycline (91.9%), followed by sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (80.5%), ampicillin (70.9%), ciprofloxacin (40.2%) and 25% cefotaxime, gentamycin (10.8%) and imipenem (8.6%) (95% CI, p &lt, 0.01). Out of the E. coli-positive samples, ten (10/212) (4.7%) were ESBL producing E. coli, of which CTX-M was detected in two isolates and quinolones resistant gene (qnrS) in eight, while TEM, SHV, qnrA, qnrB and aac(6′)-lb-cr were not detected. The high level of resistance and multidrug resistance imply these antibiotics are ineffective, add unnecessary cost to poultry farmers and certainly facilitate emergence and spread of resistance.

Published
2021

11. The Burden of Drug Abuse in Nigeria: A Scoping Review of Epidemiological Studies and Drug Laws

Author

Abubakar Ibrahim Jatau, Abubakar Sha’aban, Kabiru Abubakar Gulma, Zayyanu Shitu, Garba Mohammed Khalid, Abubakar Isa, Abubakar S. Wada, and Mohammed Mustapha

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Psychological intervention, cocaine, Nigeria, Pharmacy, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Heroin, reviews, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Intervention (counseling), medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Socioeconomic status, drug abuse, codeine, Community and Home Care, business.industry, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Public health, public health, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, lcsh:RA1-1270, medicine.disease, Substance abuse, Society Journal Archive, Systematic review, Law, Systematic Review, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Background: The burden of drug abuse is becoming a public health concern in Nigeria. Preventive measures should include identifying the root causes of the burden for targeted intervention. We, therefore, aim to conduct a scoping review of the literature to summarize the findings of epidemiological studies on drug abuse and provisions of drug laws in Nigeria. The review also provides appropriate recommendations as interventions for prevention.Methods: We conducted a systematic search of the literature on PubMed to identify information on drug abuse and drug laws in Nigeria from the inception of the database to March 2020. Additional information was retrieved from Google Scholar, a manual search of included articles, discussion with experts on the subject matter, and gray literature. Study selection was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statements. Information from gray literature was assessed for quality and accuracy using the AACODS checklist (authority, accuracy, coverage, objectively, date, significance).Results: The systematic search of the literature generated 253 studies. Nine articles were obtained from other sources. After the selection process, 23 eligible studies were included for review. A prevalence of 20–40% and 20.9% of drug abuse was reported among students and youths, respectively. Commonly abused drugs include cannabis, cocaine, amphetamine, heroin, diazepam, codeine, cough syrup and tramadol. Sources where abusers obtained drugs, were pharmacies/patent medicine shops, open drug markets, drug hawkers, fellow drug abusers, friends, and drug pushers. Drug abuse was common among undergraduates and secondary school students, youths, commercial bus drivers, farmers, and sex workers. Reason for use included to increase physical performance, stress and to derive pleasure. Poor socioeconomic factors and low educational background were the common risk factors associated with drug abuse. We identified several drug laws and policies that were established under government agencies such as the National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA), National Agency for Foods and Drugs Administration and Control (NAFDAC), Pharmacists Council of Nigeria (PCN) and a Presidential Advisory Committee.Conclusion: Findings from epidemiological studies on drug abuse in Nigeria has demonstrated that the burden of drug abuse is still high despite the existing drug laws, policies, and strategies for prevention. Measures to reduce the burden should involve the community, government, and religious bodies. Preventive measures should target the youths, the students, identified sources of the drugs, reasons and risk factors associated with drug abuse in Nigeria.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

12. Bacteremia in critical care units at Bugando Medical Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania: the role of colonization and contaminated cots and mothers’ hands in cross-transmission of multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacteria

Author

Athumani M. Lupindu, Louise Matthews, Stephen E. Mshana, Katarina Oravcova, Vitus Silago, Abubakar S. Hoza, Jeremiah Seni, Ruth N. Zadoks, Delfina R. Msanga, and Dory Kovacs

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Cefotaxime, Neonatal intensive care unit, Bacteremia, Drug resistance, Beds, Antimicrobial resistance, Tanzania, Hospital surfaces contamination, Tertiary Care Centers, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Medical microbiology, Prevalence, Pharmacology (medical), Blood culture, 030212 general & internal medicine, medicine.diagnostic_test, Intestines, Infectious Diseases, Female, MacConkey agar, medicine.drug, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, 030106 microbiology, Mothers, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Antibiotic resistance, Internal medicine, Gram-Negative Bacteria, medicine, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, Multidrug resistant bacteria, business.industry, Research, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Infant, Newborn, medicine.disease, Hand, Cross-Sectional Studies, chemistry, Intensive Care, Neonatal, business, Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections, Hand hygiene
Abstract

Background Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major clinical problem in tertiary hospitals in Tanzania and jeopardizes the life of neonates in critical care units (CCUs). To better understand methods for prevention of MDR infections, this study aimed to determine, among other factors, the role of MDR-Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) contaminating neonatal cots and hands of mothers as possible role in transmission of bacteremia at Bugando Medical Centre (BMC), Mwanza, Tanzania. Methods This cross-sectional, hospital-based study was conducted among neonates and their mothers in a neonatal intensive care unit and a neonatology unit at BMC from December 2018 to April 2019. Blood specimens (n = 200) were sub-cultured on 5% sheep blood agar (SBA) and MacConkey agar (MCA) plates. Other specimens (200 neonatal rectal swabs, 200 maternal hand swabs and 200 neonatal cot swabs) were directly inoculated on MCA plates supplemented with 2 μg/ml cefotaxime (MCA-C) for screening of GNB resistant to third generation cephalosporins, r-3GCs. Conventional biochemical tests, Kirby-Bauer technique and resistance to cefoxitin 30 μg were used for identification of bacteria, antibiotic susceptibility testing and detection of MDR-GNB and screening of potential Amp-C beta lactamase producing GNB, respectively. Results The prevalence of culture confirmed bacteremia was 34.5% of which 85.5% were GNB. Fifty-five (93.2%) of GNB isolated from neonatal blood specimens were r-3GCs. On the other hand; 43% of neonates were colonized with GNB r-3GCs, 32% of cots were contaminated with GNB r-3GCs and 18.5% of hands of neonates’ mothers were contaminated with GNB r-3GCs. The prevalences of MDR-GNB isolated from blood culture and GNB r-3GCs isolated from neonatal colonization, cots and mothers’ hands were 96.6, 100, 100 and 94.6%, respectively. Significantly, cyanosis (OR[95%CI]: 3.13[1.51–6.51], p = 0.002), jaundice (OR[95%CI]: 2.10[1.07–4.14], p = 0.031), number of invasive devices (OR[95%CI]: 2.52[1.08–5.85], p = 0.031) and contaminated cot (OR[95%CI]: 2.39[1.26–4.55], p = 0.008) were associated with bacteremia due to GNB. Use of tap water only (OR[95%CI]: 2.12[0.88–5.09], p = 0.040) was protective for bacteremia due to GNB. Conclusion High prevalence of MDR-GNB bacteremia and intestinal colonization, and MDR-GNB contaminating cots and mothers’ hands was observed. Improved cots decontamination strategies is crucial to limit the spread of MDR-GNB. Further, clinical presentations and water use should be considered in administration of empirical therapy whilst awaiting culture results.

Published
2020

13. A Global Declaration on Appropriate Use of Antimicrobial Agents across the Surgical Pathway

Author

Sartelli, M., Kluger, Y., Ansaloni, L., Carlet, J., Brink, A., Hardcastle, T. C., Khanna, A., Chicom-Mefire, A., Rodríguez-Baño, J., Nathwani, D., Mendelson, M., Watkins, R. R., Pulcini, C., Beović, B., May, A. K., Itani, K. M. F., Mazuski, J. E., Fry, D. E., Coccolini, F., Rasxa, K., Montravers, P., Eckmann, C., Abbo, L. M., Abubakar, S., Abu-Zidan, F. M., Adesunkanmi, A. K., Al-Hasan, M. N., Althani, A. A., Ticas, J. E. A., Ansari, S., Ansumana, R., Da Silva, A. R. A. , Augustin, G. , Bala, M. , Balogh, Z. J. , Baraket, O. , Bassetti, M. , Bellanova, G. , Beltran, M. A. , Ben-Ishay, O. , Boermeester, M. A. , Brecher, S. M. , Bueno, J. , Cainzos, M. A. , Cairns, K. , Camacho-Ortiz, A. , Ceresoli, M. , Chandy, S. J. , Cherry-Bukowiec, J. R. , Cirocchi, R. , Colak, E. , Corcione, A. , Cornely, O. A. , Cortese, F. , Cui, Y. , Curcio, D. , Damaskos, D. , Dasx, K. , Delibegovic, S. , Demetrashvili, Z. be, De Simone, B. bf, De Souza, H. P. bg, De Waele, J. bh, Dhingra, S. bi, Diaz, J. J. bj, Di Carlo, I. bk, Di Marzo, F. bl, DI TOMASO, SAVERIO, S. , Dogjani, A. , Dorj, G. , Dortet, L. , Duane, T. M. , Dupont, H. , Egiev, V. N. , Eid, H. O. , Elmangory, El-Sayed Marei, H. , Enani, M. A. , Escandón-Vargas, K. , Faro, M. P. , J.r., Ferrada, P., Foghetti, D., Foianini, E., Fraga, G. P., Frattima, S., Gandhi, C., Gattuso, G., Giamarellou, E., Ghnnam, W., Gkiokas, G., Girardis, M., Goff, D. A., Gomes, C. A., Gomi, H., Gronerth, R. I. G., Guirao, X., Guzman-Blanco, M., Haque, M., Hecker, A., Hell, M., Herzog, T., Hicks, L., Kafka-Ritsch, R., Kao, L. S., Kanj, S. S., Kaplan, L. J., Kapoor, G., Karamarkovic, A., Kashuk, J., Kenig, J., Khamis, F., Khokha, V., Kiguba, R., Kirkpatrick, A. W., Kørner, H., Koike, K., Kok, K. Y. Y., Kon, K., Kong, V., Inaba, K., Ioannidis, O., Isik, A., Iskandar, K., Labbate, M., Labricciosa, F. M., Lagrou, K., Lagunes, L., Latifi, R., Lasithiotakis, K., Laxminarayan, R., Lee, J. G., Leone, M., Leppäniemi, A., Li, Y., Liang, S. Y., Liau, K. -.H., Litvin, A., Loho, T., Lowman, W., Machain, G. Mf, Maier, R. V., Manzano-Nunez, R., Marinis, A., Marmorale, C., Martin-Loeches, I., Marwah, S., Maseda, E., McFarlane, M., BEZERRA DE MELO PEREIRA NUNES, CINTIA, R. , Melotti, R. , Memish, Z. , Mertz, D. , Mesina, C. , Menichetti, F. , Mishra, S. K. , Montori, G. , Moore, E. E. , Moore, F. A. , Naidoo, NAPOLITANO, NELLO, L. , Negoi, I. , Nicolau, D. P. , Nikolopoulos, I. , Nord, C. E. , Ofori-Asenso, R. , Olaoye, I. , Omari, A. H. , Ordoñez, C. A. , Ouadii, M. , Ouedraogo, A. , Pagani, L. , Paiva, J. A. , Parreira, J. G. , Pata, F. fm, Pereira, J., Pereira, N. R., Petrosillo, N., Picetti, E., Pintar, T., Ponce-De-Leon, A., Popovski, Z., Poulakou, G., Preller, J., Guerrero, A. P., Pupelis, G., Quiodettis, M., Rawson, T. M., Reichert, M., Reinhart, K., Rems, M., Rello, J., Rizoli, S., ROBERTS, HENRI JOHAN EDUARD, Rubio-Perez, I., Ruppé, E., Sakakushev, B., Sall, I., Kafil, H. S. j, Sanders, J., Sato, N., Sawyer, R. G., T. , Scibé, R. , Scudeller, L. , Lohse, H. S. , Sganga, G. , Shafiq, N. , Shah, J. N. , Spigaglia, P. , Suroowan, S. , Tsioutis, C. , Sifri, C. D. , Siribumrungwong, B. , Sugrue, M. , Talving, P. , Tan, B. K. , Tarasconi, A. , Tascini, C. , Tilsed, J. , Timsit, J. -.F. , Tumbarello, M. , Trung, N. T. , Ulrych, J. , Uranues, S. , Velmahos, G. , Vereczkei, A. G. , Viale, P. , Estape, J. V. , Viscoli, C. , Wagenlehner, F. , Wright, B. J. , Xiao, Y. , Yuan, K. -.C. , Zachariah, S. K. , Zahar, J. R. , Mergulhão, P. , Catena, Réanimation Médico-Chirurgicale, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, University Hospital Virgen Macarena, Internal Medicine Department, Universidad de Sevilla, Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U912 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Service d'anesthésie - réanimation chirurgicale, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Klinik I für Innere Medizin und Zentrum für Klinische Studien (ZKS) 01KN0706, Universitätsklinikum Köln (Uniklinik Köln), AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), CHU Amiens-Picardie, Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität = Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy (CDDEP), Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, INSB-INSB-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, INSB-INSB-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hartford Hospital, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Pathogénèse et contrôle des infections chroniques (PCCI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier (CHU Montpellier ), Instituto Nacional de Matemática Pura e Aplicada (IMPA), Instituto Nacional de matematica pura e aplicada, 4th Department of Internal Medicine, ATTIKON University General Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], Critical Care Department, Joan XXIII University Hospital, Departmet of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Disease, Istituto Superiore di Sanita [Rome], Infection, Anti-microbiens, Modélisation, Evolution (IAME (UMR_S_1137 / U1137)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics and Nephrologic Diseases, Section of Infectious Diseases, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna (UNIBO), Infectious Diseases, University of Genoa (UNIGE), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph (hpsj), Universidad de Sevilla / University of Sevilla, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Università degli studi di Genova = University of Genoa (UniGe), Sartelli, Massimo, Kluger, Yoram, Ansaloni, Luca, Carlet, Jean, Dorj, Gereltuya, Catena, Fausto, [Sartelli, Massimo] Macerata Hosp, Dept Surg, Macerata, Italy, [Scibe, Rodolfo] Macerata Hosp, Dept Surg, Macerata, Italy, [Kluger, Yoram] Rambam Hlth Care Campus, Dept Gen Surg, Div Surg, Haifa, Israel, [Ben-Ishay, Ofir] Rambam Hlth Care Campus, Dept Gen Surg, Div Surg, Haifa, Israel, [Ansaloni, Luca] Papa Giovanni XXIII Hosp, Gen Surg Dept, Bergamo, Italy, [Coccolini, Federico] Papa Giovanni XXIII Hosp, Gen Surg Dept, Bergamo, Italy, [Ceresoli, Marco] Papa Giovanni XXIII Hosp, Gen Surg Dept, Bergamo, Italy, [Montori, Giulia] Papa Giovanni XXIII Hosp, Gen Surg Dept, Bergamo, Italy, [Carlet, Jean] World Alliance Antibiot Resistance, Paris, France, [Brink, Adrian] Milpark Hosp, Ampath Natl Lab Serv, Dept Clin Microbiol, Johannesburg, South Africa, [Brink, Adrian] Univ Cape Town, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis & HIV Med, Cape Town, South Africa, [Hardcastle, Timothy C.] Inkosi Albert Luthuli Cent Hosp, Trauma Serv, Durban, South Africa, [Hardcastle, Timothy C.] Nelson R Mandela Sch Clin Med, Dept Surg, Durban, South Africa, [Khanna, Ashish] Ctr Crit Care, Anaesthesiol Inst, Cleveland, OH USA, [Khanna, Ashish] Cleveland Clin, Dept Outcomes Res, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA, [Chicom-Mefire, Alain] Univ Buea, Dept Surg & Obstet Gynaecol, Buea, Cameroon, [Foianini, Esteban] Univ Buea, Dept Surg & Obstet Gynaecol, Buea, Cameroon, [Rodriguez-Bano, Jesus] Hosp Univ Virgen Macarena & Virge del Rocio IbiS, Unidad Clin Interctr Enfermedades Infecciosas Mic, Seville, Spain, [Rodriguez-Bano, Jesus] Univ Seville, Dept Med, Seville, Spain, [Nathwani, Dilip] Ninewells Hosp & Med Sch, Dundee, Scotland, [Mendelson, Marc] Univ Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hosp, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis & HIV Med, Cape Town, South Africa, [Watkins, Richard R.] Cleveland Clin Akron Gen, Div Infect Dis, Akron, OH USA, [Watkins, Richard R.] Northeast Ohio Med Univ, Rootstown, OH USA, [Pulcini, Celine] Lorraine Univ, EA APEMAC 4360, Nancy, France, [Pulcini, Celine] Nancy Univ Hosp, Infect Dis Dept, Nancy, France, [Beovic, Bojana] Univ Med Ctr Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia, [Beovic, Bojana] Univ Ljubljana, Fac Med, Ljubljana, Slovenia, [May, Addison K.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Div Trauma & Surg Crit Care, Nashville, TN USA, [Itani, Kamal M. F.] Boston Univ, Dept Surg, VA Boston Hlth Care Syst, Boston, MA 02215 USA, [Itani, Kamal M. F.] Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA USA, [Mazuski, John E.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, St Louis, MO 63110 USA, [Fry, Donald E.] Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Surg, Chicago, IL 60611 USA, [Fry, Donald E.] Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA, [Rasa, Kemal] Anadolu Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Kocaali, Turkey, [Montravers, Philippe] Bichat Claude Bernard Univ Hosp, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Cite Univ, Anesthesiol & Crit Care Med, HUPNSV, Paris, France, [Eckmann, Christian] Hannover Med Sch, Acad Hosp, Dept Gen Visceral & Thorac Surg, Peine, Germany, [Abbo, Lilian M.] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Jackson Hlth Syst, Div Infect Dis, Miami, FL 33136 USA, [Abbo, Lilian M.] Bayero Univ, Dept Nursing Sci, Kano, Nigeria, [Abubakar, Salisu] UAE Univ, Coll Med & Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Al Ain, U Arab Emirates, [Abu-Zidan, Fikri M.] Obafemi Awolowo Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Ife, Nigeria, [Al-Hasan, Majdi N.] Univ South Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Columbia, SC USA, [Althani, Asma A.] Qatar Univ, Biomed Res Ctr, Doha, Qatar, [Marei, Hany El-Sayed] Qatar Univ, Biomed Res Ctr, Doha, Qatar, [Ticas, Jorge Eduardo Alvarenga] Hosp Nacl Ros, Emergency Unit, San Salvador, El Salvador, [Ansari, Shamshul] Oita Univ, Dept Environm & Prevent Med, Fac Med, Oita, Japan, [Ansari, Shamshul] Chitwan Med Coll, Dept Microbiol, Bharatpur, Nepal, [Ansumana, Rashid] Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Ctr Neglected Trop Dis, Bo, Sierra Leone, [Ansumana, Rashid] Njala Univ, Mercy Hosp, Res Lab, Bo, Sierra Leone, [Araujo da Silva, Andre Ricardo] Prontobaby Hosp Crianca, Infect Control Comm, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil, [Augustin, Goran] Univ Hosp Ctr, Dept Surg, Zagreb, Croatia, [Bala, Miklosh] Hadassah Hebrew Univ Med Ctr, Trauma & Acute Care Surg Unit, Jerusalem, Israel, [Balogh, Zsolt J.] John Hunter Hosp, Dept Traumatol, Newcastle, NSW, Australia, [Balogh, Zsolt J.] Univ Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia, [Baraket, Oussema] Bizerte Hosp, Dept Surg, Bizerte, Tunisia, [Bassett, Matteo] Santa Maria Misericordia Univ Hosp, Infect Dis Div, Udine, Italy, [Bellanova, Giovanni] SS Annunziata Hosp, Dept Surg, Taranto, Italy, [Beltran, Marcelo A.] Hosp San Juan Dios, Dept Gen Surg, La Serena, Chile, [Biffl, Walter L.] Queens Med Ctr, Acute Care Surg, Honolulu, HI USA, [Boermeester, Marja A.] Acad Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Amsterdam, Netherlands, [Brecher, Stephen M.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, VA Boston HealthCare Syst, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA, [Brecher, Stephen M.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA, [Bueno, Juan] Fdn Ctr Invest Bioprospecc & Biotecnol Biodivers, Barranquilla, Colombia, [Cainzos, Miguel A.] Hosp Clin Univ, Dept Surg, Santiago De Compostela, Spain, [Cairns, Kelly] Alfred Hlth, Pharm Dept, Melbourne, Vic, Australia, [Camacho-Ortiz, Adrian] Hosp Univ Dr Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez, Hosp Epidemiol & Infect Dis, Monterrey, Mexico, [Chandy, Sujith J.] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Pharmacol & Clin Pharmacol, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India, [Cherry-Bukowiec, Jill R.] Univ Michigan, Dept Surg, Div Acute Care Surg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA, [Cirocchi, Roberto] Univ Perugia, Dept Gen & Oncol Surg, Terni, Italy, [Colak, Elif] Hlth Sci Univ, Samsun Training & Res Hosp, Dept Gen Surg, Samsun, Turkey, [Corcione, Antonio] AORN Colli Vincenzo Monaldi Hosp, Anesthesia & Intens Care Unit, Naples, Italy, [Cornely, Oliver A.] Univ Cologne, German Ctr Infect Res DZIF, Dept Internal Med 1, Cologne Excellence Cluster Cellular Stress Respon, Cologne, Germany, [Cortese, Francesco] San Filippo Neris Hosp, Emergency Surg Unit, Rome, Italy, [Cui, Yunfeng] Tianjin Med Univ, Tianjin Nankai Hosp, Dept Surg, Nankai Clin Sch Med, Tianjin, Peoples R China, [Curcio, Daniel] Buenos Aires Univ, Infectol Inst SRL, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina, [Damaskos, Dimitris] Royal Infirm Edinburgh NHS Trust, Dept Surg, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland, [Das, Koray] Ankara Numune Training & Res Hosp, Dept Surg, Adana, Turkey, [Delibegovic, Samir] Univ Clin Ctr Tuzla, Dept Surg, Tuzla, Bosnia & Herceg, [Deme-Trashvili, Zaza] Kipshidze Cent Univ Hosp, Dept Gen Surg, Tbilisi, Georgia, [De Simone, Belinda] Cannes Hosp, Dept Digest Surg, Cannes, France, [de Souza, Hamilton Petry] Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio Grande do Sul PUCRS, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, [De Waele, Jan] Ghent Univ Hosp, Dept Crit Care Med, Ghent, Belgium, [Dhingra, Sameer] Univ West Indies, Eric Williams Med Sci Complex, Sch Pharm, Fac Med Sci, Uriah Butler Highway, Champ Fleurs, Trinidad Tobago, [Diaz, Jose J.] Univ Maryland, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Ctr, Div Acute Care Surg, Program Trauma, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA, [Di Carlo, Isidoro] Univ Catania, Cannizzaro Hosp, Dept Surg Sci, Catania, Italy, [Di Marzo, Francesco] Versilia Hosp, Gen Surg, Usl Nordovest, Tuscany, Italy, [Di Saverio, Salomone] Maggiore Hosp, Dept Surg, Bologna, Italy, [Dogjani, Agron] Univ Hosp Trauma, Dept Surg, Tirana, Albania, [Dorj, Gereltuya] Mongolian Natl Univ Med Sci, Sch Pharm, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, [Dortet, Laurent] Paris Sud Univ, Bicetre Hosp, Dept Microbiol, La Kremlin Bicetre, France, [Duane, Therese M.] John Peter Smith Hlth Network, Dept Surg, Ft Worth, TX USA, [Dupont, Herve] Univ Picardie Jules Verne, CHU Amiens Picardie, Dept Anesthesie Reanimat, Amiens, France, [Dupont, Herve] Univ Picardie Jules Verne, INSERM, U1088, Amiens, France, [Egiev, Valery N.] Pirogov Russian Natl Res Med Univ, Dept Surg, Moscow, Russia, [Eid, Hani O.] Al Ain Hosp, Mediclin Middle East, Dept Emergency Med, Al Ain, U Arab Emirates, [Elmangory, Mutasim] Fed Minist Hlth, Sudan Natl Publ Hlth Lab, Khartoum, Sudan, [Enani, Mushira Abdulaziz] King Fahad Med City, Div Infect Dis, Dept Med, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, [Escandon-Vargas, Kevin] Univ Valle, Escuela Med, Fac Salud, Cali, Colombia, [Faro Junior, Mario P.] ABC Med Sch, Dept Gen Surg Trauma, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil, [Faro Junior, Mario P.] ABC Med Sch, Emergency Surg Div, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil, [Ferrada, Paula] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Surg, Richmond, VA USA, [Foghetti, Domitilla] Pesaro Hosp, Dept Surg, Pesaro, Italy, Clin Foianini, Dept Surg, Santa Cruz, Bolivia, [Fraga, Gustavo P.] Univ Campinas Unicamp, Sch Med Sci, Dept Surg, Div Trauma Surg, Campinas, SP, Brazil, [Frattima, Sabrina] Ist Clin San Rocco Franciacorta, Brescia, Italy, [Gandhi, Chinmay] Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed Univ Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Surg, Sangli, Maharashtra, India, [Gattuso, Gianni] C Poma Hosp, Infect Dis Dept, Mantua, Italy, [Giamarellou, Eleni] Hygeia Gen Hosp, Dept Internal Med 6, Athens, Greece, [Ghnnam, Wagih] Mansoura Univ, Mansoura Fac Med, Dept Gen Surg, Mansoura, Egypt, [Gkiokas, George] Natl & Kapodistrian Univ Athens, Aretaieion Univ Hosp, Dept Surg 2, Athens, Greece, [Girardis, Massimo] Modena Univ Hosp, Intens Care Unit, Modena, Italy, [Goff, Debbie A.] Ohio State Univ, Wexner Med Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA, [Gomes, Carlos Augusto] Hosp Univ Terezinha Jesus, Dept Surg, Fac Ciencias Med & Saude Juiz de Fora, Juiz De Fora, Brazil, [Gomi, Harumi] Univ Tsukuba, Mito Kyodo Gen Hosp, Ctr Global Hlth, Mito, Ibaraki, Japan, [Guerra Gronerth, Rosio Isabel] Peruvian Navy Med Ctr, Lima, Peru, [Guirao, Xavier] Parc Tauli Univ Hosp, Dept Gen Surg, Unit Endocrine Head & Neck Surg, Sabadell, Spain, [Guirao, Xavier] Parc Tauli Univ Hosp, Dept Gen Surg, Unit Surg Infect Support, Sabadell, Spain, [Guzman-Blanco, Manuel] Hosp Privado Ctr Med Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela, [Guzman-Blanco, Manuel] Hosp Vargas Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela, [Haque, Mainul] Univ Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Natl Def Univ Malaysia, Unit Pharmacol, Fac Med & Def Hlth, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, [Reichert, Martin] Univ Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Natl Def Univ Malaysia, Unit Pharmacol, Fac Med & Def Hlth, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, [Hecker, Andreas] Univ Hosp Giessen, Dept Gen & Thorac Surg, Giessen, Germany, [Hell, Markus] Paracelsus Med Univ, Acad Teaching Lab, Clin Microbiol & Infect Control, MEDILAB Dr Mustafa Dr Richter OG, Salzburg, Austria, [Herzog, Torsten] Ruhr Univ Bochum, St Josef Hosp, Dept Surg, Bochum, Germany, [Hicks, Lauri] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA, [Kafka-Ritsch, Reinhold] Innsbruck Med Univ, Dept Visceral Transplant & Thorac Surg, Innsbruck, Austria, [Kao, Lillian S.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Dept Surg, Houston, TX 77030 USA, [Kanj, Souha S.] Amer Univ Beirut, Dept Internal Med, Div Infect Dis, Beirut, Lebanon, [Kaplan, Lewis J.] Univ Penn, Perelman Sch Med, Philadelphia VA Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA, [Kapoor, Garima] Gandhi Med Coll, Dept Microbiol, Bhopal, India, [Karamarkovic, Aleksandar] Univ Belgrade, Clin Emergency Surg, Med Fac, Belgrade, Serbia, [Kashuk, Jeffry] Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Surg, Assia Med Grp, Sackler Sch Med, Tel Aviv, Israel, [Kenig, Jakub] Jagiellonian Univ, Med Coll, Dept Gen Surg 3, Krakow, Poland, [Khamis, Faryal] Royal Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Muscat, Oman, [Khokha, Vladimir] City Hosp, Dept Emergency Surg, Mozyr, BELARUS, [Kiguba, Ronald] Makerere Univ, Dept Pharmacol & Therapeut, Coll Hlth Sci, Kampala, Uganda, [Kirkpatrick, Andrew W.] Foothills Med Ctr, Gen Acute Care Abdominal Wall Reconstruct & Traum, Calgary, AB, Canada, [Korner, Hartwig] Stavanger Univ Hosp, Dept Gastrointestinal Surg, Stavanger, Norway, [Koike, Kaoru] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Primary Care & Emergency Med, Kyoto, Japan, [Kok, Kenneth Y. Y.] Brunei Canc Ctr, Dept Surg, Jerudong Pk, Jerudong, Brunei, [Kon, Kateryna] Kharkiv Natl Med Univ, Dept Microbiol Virol & Immunol, Kharkov, Ukraine, [Kong, Victor] Edendale Hosp, Dept Surg, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, [Inaba, Kenji] Univ Southern Calif, Los Angeles Cty & Univ So Cali fornia Med Ctr, Div Acute Care Surg & Surg Crit Care, Dept Surg, Los Angeles, CA USA, [Ioannidis, Orestis] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Gen Hosp G Papanikolaou, Surg Dept 4, Med Sch, Thessaloniki, Greece, [Isik, Arda] Erzincan Univ, Dept Gen Surg, Fac Med, Erzincan, Turkey, [Iskandar, Katia] Lebanese Int Univ, Dept Pharm, Beirut, Lebanon, [Labbate, Maurizio] Univ Technol Sydney, Sch Life Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia, [Labbate, Maurizio] Univ Technol Sydney, Inst I3, Sydney, NSW, Australia, [Labricciosa, Francesco M.] UNIVPM, Dept Biomed Sci & Publ Hlth, Unit Hyg Prevent Med & Publ Hlth, Ancona, Italy, [Lagrou, Katrien] Univ Hosp Leuven, Clin Dept Lab Med, Leuven, Belgium, [Lagrou, Katrien] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Leuven, Belgium, [Lagunes, Leonel] Hosp Cent Dr Ignacio Morones Prieto, San Luis Potosi, Mexico, [Latifi, Rifat] Univ Arizona, Dept Surg, Div Trauma, Tucson, AZ USA, [Lasithiotakis, Kostas] York Teaching Hosp NHS Fdn Trust, Dept Surg, York, N Yorkshire, England, [Laxminarayan, Ramanan] Ctr Dis Dynam Econ & Policy, Washington, DC USA, [Lee, Jae Gil] Yonsei Univ, Coll Med, Dept Surg, Seoul, South Korea, [Leone, Marc] Aix Marseille Univ, Hop Nord, AP HM, Dept Anaesthesiol & Crit Care, Marseille, France, [Leppaniemi, Ari] Univ Hosp Meilahti, Abdominal Ctr, Helsinki, Finland, [Li, Yousheng] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Med, Shanghai Peoples Hosp 9, Dept Surg, Shanghai, Peoples R China, [Liang, Stephen Y.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Div Emergency Med, St Louis, MO USA, [Liau, Kui-Hin] Natl Univ Singapore, Mt Elizabeth Novena Hosp, Singapore & Yong Loo Lin Sch Med, Dept Surg,Liau KH Consulting, Singapore, Singapore, [Litvin, Andrey] Immanuel Kant Balt Fed Univ, Surg Disciplines, Reg Clin Hosp, Kaliningrad, Russia, [Loho, Tonny] Univ Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Gen Hosp, Dept Clin Pathol, Div Infect Dis,Fac Med, Jakarta, Indonesia, [Lowman, Warren] Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Pathol, Vermaak Partners Pathcare Pathologists, Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis,Fac Hlth Sci, Johannesburg, South Africa, [Lowman, Warren] Wits Donald Gordon Med Ctr, Johannesburg, South Africa, [Machain, Gustavo M.] Univ Nacl Asuncion, Dept Surg, Asuncion, Paraguay, [Segovia Lohse, Helmut] Univ Nacl Asuncion, Dept Surg, Asuncion, Paraguay, [Maier, Ronald V.] Univ Washington, Dept Surg, Seattle, WA 98195 USA, [Manzano-Nunez, Ramiro] Fdn Valle Lili, Clin Res Ctr, Cali, Colombia, [Marinis, Athanasios] Tzane Gen Hosp, Dept Surg 1, Piraeus, Greece, [Marmorale, Cristina] Univ Politecn Marche, Dept Surg, Ancona, Italy, [Martin-Loeches, Ignacio] St James Univ Hosp, Trin Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Clin Med, Wellcome Trust HRB Clin Res,MICRO, Dublin, Ireland, [Marwah, Sanjay] Postgrad Inst Med Sci, Dept Surg, Rohtak, Haryana, India, [Maseda, Emilio] Hosp Univ La Paz Madrid, Serv Anestesia & Reanimac, Madrid, Spain, [McFarlane, Michael] Univ Hosp West Indies, Dept Surg Radiol, Kingston, Jamaica, [de Melo, Renato Bessa] Ctr Hosp Sao Joao, Gen Surg Dept, Porto, Portugal, [Melotti, Maria Rita] Alma Mater Studiorum Univ Bologna, Dept Med & Surg Sci, Anesthesiol & Intens Care, Bologna, Italy, [Memish, Ziad] Minist Hlth, Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz Hosp, Dept Med, Infect Dis Div, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, [Mertz, Dominik] McMaster Univ, Dept Med, Hamilton, ON, Canada, [Mertz, Dominik] McMaster Univ, Dept Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Dept Pathol & Mol Med, Hamilton, ON, Canada, [Mesina, Cristian] Emergency Hosp Craiova, Surg Clin 2, Craiova, Romania, [Menichetti, Francesco] Univ Hosp Pisa, Infect Dis Unit, Pisa, Italy, [Mishra, Shyam Kumar] Tribhuvan Univ, Teaching Hosp, Inst Med, Dept Microbiol, Kathmandu, Nepal, [Moore, Ernest E.] Univ Colorado, Denver Hlth Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Denver, CO 80202 USA, [Moore, Frederick A.] Univ Florida, Coll Med, Dept Surg, Div Acute Care Surg, Gainesville, FL USA, [Moore, Frederick A.] Univ Florida, Coll Med, Ctr Sepsis & Crit Illness Res, Gainesville, FL USA, [Naidoo, Noel] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Dept Surg, Durban, South Africa, [Napolitano, Lena] Univ Michigan, Dept Surg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA, [Negoi, Ionut] Emergency Hosp Bucharest, Dept Surg, Bucharest, Romania, [Nicolau, David P.] Ctr Anti Infect Res & Dev, Hartford, CT USA, [Nikolopoulos, Ioannis] Lewisham & Greenwich NHS Trust, Dept Gen Surg, London, England, [Nord, Carl Erik] Karolinska Univ, Huddinge Hosp, Dept Lab Med, Div Clin Microbiol, Stockholm, Sweden, [Ofori-Asenso, Richard] Hlth Policy Consult, Res Unit, Weija, Accra, Ghana, [Olaoye, Iyiade] Univ Ilorin, Teaching Hosp, Dept Surg, Ilorin, Nigeria, [Omari, Abdelkarim H.] King Abdullah Univ Hosp, Dept Surg, Irbid, Jordan, [Ordonez, Carlos A.] Univ Valle, Fdn Valle Lili, Dept Surg & Crit Care, Cali, Colombia, [Ouadii, Mouaqit] Sidi Mohamed Benabdellah Univ, Hassan Univ Hosp 2, Dept Surg, Med Sch Fez, Fes, Morocco, [Ouedraogo, Abdoul-Salam] CHU Souro Sanou, Bacteriol & Virol Dept, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso, [Pagani, Leonardo] Bolzano Cent Hosp, Infect Dis Unit, Bolzano, Italy, [Paiva, Jose Artur] Univ Porto, Ctr Hosp Sao Joao, Intens Care Med Dept, Porto, Portugal, [Mergulhao, Paulo] Univ Porto, Ctr Hosp Sao Joao, Intens Care Med Dept, Porto, Portugal, [Parreira, Jose Gustavo] Santa Casa Sao Paulo Sch Med Sci, Dept Surg, Sao Paulo, Brazil, [Pata, Francesco] St Antonio Abate Hosp, Dept Surg, Gallarate, Italy, [Pereira, Jorge] Ctr Hosp Tondela Viseu, Surg Unit 1, Viseu, Portugal, [Pereira, Nuno R.] Sao Joao Hosp Ctr, Ctr Hosp Epidemiol, Unit Prevent & Infect Control, Porto, Portugal, [Petrosillo, Nicola] INMI Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Natl Inst Infect Dis, Rome, Italy, [Picetti, Edoardo] Univ Parma, Azienda Osped, Dept Anesthesia & Intens Care, Parma, Italy, [Pintar, Tadeja] UMC Ljubljana, Dept Surg, Ljubljana, Slovenia, [Ponce-de-Leon, Alfredo] Inst Nacl Ciencias Med & Nutr Salvador Zubiran, Dept Infect Dis, Lab Clin Microbiol, Mexico City, DF, Mexico, [Popovski, Zagorka] Hamilton Hlth Sci, Hamilton, ON, Canada, [Popovski, Zagorka] London Hlth Sci, London, ON, Canada, [Poulakou, Garyphallia] Attikon Univ Gen Hosp, Med Sch, Natl & Kapodistrian Univ Athens, Dept Internal Med 4, Athens, Greece, [Poulakou, Garyphallia] Attikon Univ Gen Hosp, Med Sch, Natl & Kapodistrian Univ Athens, Infect Dis Unit, Athens, Greece, [Preller, Jacobus] Univ Hosp NHS Fdn Trust, John Farman Intens Care Unit, Cambridge, England, [Guerrero, Adrian Puello] Univ Autonoma Santo Domingo, Inst Nacl Canc Rosa Tavares INCART, Santo Domingo, Dominican Rep, [Pupelis, Guntars] Riga East Univ Hosp Gailezers, Dept Gen & Emergency Surg, Riga, Latvia, [Quiodettis, Martha] Hosp Santo Tomas, Dept Trauma, Panama City, Panama, [Rawson, Timothy M.] Natl Inst Hlth Res, Imperial Coll London, Hlth Protect Res Unit Healthcare Associated Infec, Hammersmith Campus, London, England, [Reinhart, Konrad] Jena Univ Hosp, Dept Anesthesiol & Intens Care Med, Jena, Thuringen, Germany, [Rems, Miran] Jesenice Gen Hosp, Dept Gen Surg, Jesenice, Slovenia, [Rello, Jordi] VHIR, Dept Clin Res & Innovat Pneumonia & Sepsis, Barcelona, Spain, [Rizoli, Sandro] Univ Toronto, St Michaels Hosp, Trauma & Acute Care Serv, Toronto, ON, Canada, [Roberts, Jason] Univ Queensland, Fac Med, Brisbane, Qld, Australia, [Rubio-Perez, Ines] La Paz Univ Hosp, Gen Surg Dept, Colorectal Surg Unit, Madrid, Spain, [Ruppc, Etienne] Bichat Claude Bernard Univ Hosp, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Univ, Serv Bacteriol, HUPNSV, Paris, France, [Sakakushev, Boris] Univ Hosp St George, Med Univ, Gen Surg Dept, Plovdiv, Bulgaria, [Sall, Ibrahima] Mil Teaching Hosp, Gen Surg Dept, Dakar, Senegal, [Kafil, Hossein Samadi] Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Drug Appl Res Ctr, Tabriz, Iran, [Sanders, James] JPS Hlth Network, Ft Worth, TX USA, [Sato, Norio] Ehime Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Aeromed Serv Emergency & Trauma Care, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan, [Sawyer, Robert G.] Western Michigan Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA, [Scalea, Thomas] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Trauma Surg, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA, [Scudeller, Luigia] IRCCS Policlin San Matteo Fdn, Clin Epidemiol Unit, Pavia, Italy, [Sganga, Gabriele] Univ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Policlin A Gemelli, Dept Surg, Rome, Italy, [Shafiq, Nusrat] Postgrad Inst Med Educ & Res, Dept Pharmacol, Chandigarh, India, [Shah, Jay N.] Patan Acad Hlth Sci, Dept Surg Patan Hosp, Kathmandu, Nepal, [Spigaglia, Patrizia] Ist Super Sanita, Dept Infect Dis, Rome, Italy, [Suroowan, Shanoo] Univ Mauritius, Dept Hlth Sci, Fac Sci, Reduit, Mauritius, [Tsioutis, Constantinos] European Univ Cyprus, Sch Med, Nicosia, Cyprus, [Sifri, Costi D.] Univ Virginia Hlth Syst, Off Hosp Epidemiol Infect Prevent & Control, Charlottesville, VA USA, [Siribumrungwong, Boonying] Thammasat Univ Hosp, Thammasat Univ, Dept Surg, Fac Med, Pathum Thani, Thailand, [Sugrue, Michael] Letterkenny Hosp, Gen Surg Dept, Letterkenny, Ireland, [Talving, Peep] North Estonia Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Tallinn, Estonia, [Tan, Boun Kim] Ctr Hosp St Joseph St Luc, Intens Care Unit, Lyon, France, [Tarasconi, Antonio] Parma Maggiore Hosp, Dept Emergency Surg, Parma, Italy, [Catena, Fausto] Parma Maggiore Hosp, Dept Emergency Surg, Parma, Italy, [Tascini, Carlo] Cotugno Hosp, Azienda Osped Colli, Div Infect Dis 1, Naples, Italy, [Tilsed, Jonathan] Hull & East Yorkshire Hosp NHS Trust, Surg Hlth Care Grp, Kingston Upon Hull, N Humberside, England, [Timsit, Jean-Francois] Hop Xavier Bichat, PHP Med & Infect Dis ICU, Paris, France, [Tumbarello, Mario] Catholic Univ, Inst Infect Dis, Rome, Italy, [Ngo Tat Trung] Tran Hung Dao Hosp, Dept Mol Biol, Hanoi, Vietnam, [Ulrych, Jan] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Med 1, Dept Surg 1, Prague, Czech Republic, [Ulrych, Jan] Gen Univ Hosp Prague, Prague, Czech Republic, [Uranues, Selman] Med Univ Graz, Dept Surg, Graz, Austria, [Velmahos, George] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Trauma Emergency Surg & Surg Crit Care, Boston, MA 02114 USA, [Vereczkei, Andras G.] Med Sch Univ Pecs, Dept Surg, Pecs, Hungary, [Viale, Pierluigi] Alma Mater Studiorum Univ Bologna, Dept Med & Surg Sci, Infect Dis Unit, Bologna, Italy, [Vila Estape, Jordi] Univ Barcelona, ISGlobal Hosp Clin, Inst Salud Global, Barcelona, Spain, [Viscoli, Claudio] Univ Genoa DISSAL, Osped Policlin San Martino IRCCS Oncol, Infect Dis Unit, Genoa, Italy, [Wagenlehner, Florian] Univ Giessen, Dept Urol Pediat Urol & Androl, Med Fac Justus Liebig, Giessen, Germany, [Wright, Brian J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Med, Dept Emergency Med & Neurosurg, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA, [Xiao, Yonghong] Zhejiang Univ, Affilliated Hosp 1, State Key Lab Diag & Treatment Infect Dis, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China, [Yuan, Kuo-Ching] Chang Gung Mem Hosp, Trauma & Emergency Surg Dept, Taoyuan, Taiwan, [Zachariah, Sanoop K.] MOSC Med Coll Kolenchery, Dept Surg, Cochin, Kerala, India, [Zahar, Jean Ralph] Angers Univ, CHU Angers, Infect Control Unit, Angers, France, COMBE, Isabelle, Sartelli, M, Kluger, Y, Ansaloni, L, Carlet, J, Brink, A, Hardcastle, T, Khanna, A, Chicom-Mefire, A, Rodriguez-Bano, J, Nathwani, D, Mendelson, M, Watkins, R, Pulcini, C, Beovic, B, May, A, Itani, K, Mazuski, J, Fry, D, Coccolini, F, Rasxa, K, Montravers, P, Eckmann, C, Abbo, L, Abubakar, S, Abu-Zidan, F, Adesunkanmi, A, Al-Hasan, M, Althani, A, Ticas, J, Ansari, S, Ansumana, R, Da Silva, A, Augustin, G, Bala, M, Balogh, Z, Baraket, O, Bassetti, M, Bellanova, G, Beltran, M, Ben-Ishay, O, Biffl, W, Boermeester, M, Brecher, S, Bueno, J, Cainzos, M, Cairns, K, Camacho-Ortiz, A, Ceresoli, M, Chandy, S, Cherry-Bukowiec, J, Cirocchi, R, Colak, E, Corcione, A, Cornely, O, Cortese, F, Cui, Y, Curcio, D, Damaskos, D, Dasx, K, Delibegovic, S, Demetrashvili, Z, De Simone, B, De Souza, H, De Waele, J, Dhingra, S, Diaz, J, Di Carlo, I, Di Marzo, F, Di Saverio, S, Dogjani, A, Dorj, G, Dortet, L, Duane, T, Dupont, H, Egiev, V, Eid, H, Elmangory, M, El-Sayed Marei, H, Enani, M, Escandon-Vargas, K, Faro, M, Ferrada, P, Foghetti, D, Foianini, E, Fraga, G, Frattima, S, Gandhi, C, Gattuso, G, Giamarellou, E, Ghnnam, W, Gkiokas, G, Girardis, M, Goff, D, Gomes, C, Gomi, H, Gronerth, R, Guirao, X, Guzman-Blanco, M, Haque, M, Hecker, A, Hell, M, Herzog, T, Hicks, L, Kafka-Ritsch, R, Kao, L, Kanj, S, Kaplan, L, Kapoor, G, Karamarkovic, A, Kashuk, J, Kenig, J, Khamis, F, Khokha, V, Kiguba, R, Kirkpatrick, A, Korner, H, Koike, K, Kok, K, Kon, K, Kong, V, Inaba, K, Ioannidis, O, Isik, A, Iskandar, K, Labbate, M, Labricciosa, F, Lagrou, K, Lagunes, L, Latifi, R, Lasithiotakis, K, Laxminarayan, R, Lee, J, Leone, M, Leppaniemi, A, Li, Y, Liang, S, Liau, K, Litvin, A, Loho, T, Lowman, W, Machain, G, Maier, R, Manzano-Nunez, R, Marinis, A, Marmorale, C, Martin-Loeches, I, Marwah, S, Maseda, E, Mcfarlane, M, De Melo, R, Melotti, M, Memish, Z, Mertz, D, Mesina, C, Menichetti, F, Mishra, S, Montori, G, Moore, E, Moore, F, Naidoo, N, Napolitano, L, Negoi, I, Nicolau, D, Nikolopoulos, I, Nord, C, Ofori-Asenso, R, Olaoye, I, Omari, A, Ordonez, C, Ouadii, M, Ouedraogo, A, Pagani, L, Paiva, J, Parreira, J, Pata, F, Pereira, J, Pereira, N, Petrosillo, N, Picetti, E, Pintar, T, Ponce-De-Leon, A, Popovski, Z, Poulakou, G, Preller, J, Guerrero, A, Pupelis, G, Quiodettis, M, Rawson, T, Reichert, M, Reinhart, K, Rems, M, Rello, J, Rizoli, S, Roberts, J, Rubio-Perez, I, Ruppe, E, Sakakushev, B, Sall, I, Kafil, H, Sanders, J, Sato, N, Sawyer, R, Scalea, T, Scibe, R, Scudeller, L, Lohse, H, Sganga, G, Shafiq, N, Shah, J, Spigaglia, P, Suroowan, S, Tsioutis, C, Sifri, C, Siribumrungwong, B, Sugrue, M, Talving, P, Tan, B, Tarasconi, A, Tascini, C, Tilsed, J, Timsit, J, Tumbarello, M, Trung, N, Ulrych, J, Uranues, S, Velmahos, G, Vereczkei, A, Viale, P, Estape, J, Viscoli, C, Wagenlehner, F, Wright, B, Xiao, Y, Yuan, K, Zachariah, S, Zahar, J, Mergulhao, P, Catena, F, Sartelli, M., Kluger, Y., Ansaloni, L., Carlet, J., Brink, A., Hardcastle, T. C., Khanna, A., Chicom-Mefire, A., Rodríguez-Baño, J., Nathwani, D., Mendelson, M., Watkins, R. R., Pulcini, C., Beović, B., May, A. K., Itani, K. M. F., Mazuski, J. E., Fry, D. E., Coccolini, F., Rasxa, K., Montravers, P., Eckmann, C., Abbo, L. M., Abubakar, S., Abu-Zidan, F. M., Adesunkanmi, A. K., Al-Hasan, M. N., Althani, A. A., Ticas, J. E. A., Ansari, S., Ansumana, R., Da, Silva, Augustin, A. R. A., Bala, G., Balogh, M., Baraket, Z. J., Bassetti, O., Bellanova, M., Beltran, G., Ben-Ishay, M. A., Boermeester, O., Brecher, M. A., Bueno, S. M., Cainzos, J., Cairns, M. A., Camacho-Ortiz, K., Ceresoli, A., Chandy, M., Cherry-Bukowiec, S. J., Cirocchi, J. R., Colak, R., Corcione, E., Cornely, A., Cortese, O. A., Cui, F., Curcio, Y., Damaskos, D., Dasx, D., Delibegovic, K., Demetrashvili, S., Be, Z., Simone, De, Bf, B., De, Souza, Bg, H. P., De, Waele, Bh, J., Dhingra, Bi, S., Diaz, Bj, J. J., Carlo, Di, Bk, I., Di, Marzo, Bl, F., Saverio, Di, Dogjani, S., Dorj, A., Dortet, G., Duane, L., Dupont, T. M., Egiev, H., Eid, V. N., Elmangory, H. O., El-Sayed, Marei, Enani, H., Escandón-Vargas, M. A., Faro, K., M. P., J. r., Ferrada, P., Foghetti, D., Foianini, E., Fraga, G. P., Frattima, S., Gandhi, C., Gattuso, G., Giamarellou, E., Ghnnam, W., Gkiokas, G., M., Girardi, Goff, D. A., Gomes, C. A., Gomi, H., Gronerth, R. I. G., Guirao, X., Guzman-Blanco, M., Haque, M., Hecker, A., Hell, M., Herzog, T., Hicks, L., Kafka-Ritsch, R., Kao, L. S., Kanj, S. S., Kaplan, L. J., Kapoor, G., Karamarkovic, A., Kashuk, J., Kenig, J., Khamis, F., Khokha, V., Kiguba, R., Kirkpatrick, A. W., Kørner, H., Koike, K., Kok, K. Y. Y., Kon, K., Kong, V., Inaba, K., Ioannidis, O., Isik, A., Iskandar, K., Labbate, M., Labricciosa, F. M., Lagrou, K., Lagunes, L., Latifi, R., Lasithiotakis, K., Laxminarayan, R., Lee, J. G., Leone, M., Leppäniemi, A., Li, Y., Liang, S. Y., Liau, K. -. H., Litvin, A., Loho, T., Lowman, W., Machain, Mf, G., Maier, R. V., Manzano-Nunez, R., Marinis, A., Marmorale, C., Martin-Loeches, I., Marwah, S., Maseda, E., Mcfarlane, M., De, Melo, Melotti, R., Memish, R., Mertz, Z., Mesina, D., Menichetti, C., Mishra, F., Montori, S. K., Moore, G., Moore, E. E., Naidoo, F. A., Napolitano, N., Negoi, L., Nicolau, I., Nikolopoulos, D. P., Nord, I., Ofori-Asenso, C. E., Olaoye, R., Omari, I., Ordoñez, A. H., Ouadii, C. A., Ouedraogo, M., Pagani, A., Paiva, L., Parreira, J. A., Pata, J. G., F., Fm, Pereira, J., Pereira, N. R., Petrosillo, N., Picetti, E., Pintar, T., Ponce-De-Leon, A., Popovski, Z., Poulakou, G., Preller, J., Guerrero, A. P., Pupelis, G., Quiodettis, M., Rawson, T. M., Reichert, M., Reinhart, K., Rems, M., Rello, J., Rizoli, S., Roberts, J., Rubio-Perez, I., Ruppé, E., Sakakushev, B., Sall, I., Kafil, H. S. j, Sanders, J., Sato, N., Sawyer, R. G., Scibé, T., Scudeller, R., Lohse, L., Sganga, H. S., Shafiq, G., Shah, N., Spigaglia, J. N., Suroowan, P., Tsioutis, S., Sifri, C., Siribumrungwong, C. D., Sugrue, B., Talving, M., Tan, P., Tarasconi, B. K., Tascini, A., Tilsed, C., Timsit, J., Tumbarello, J. -. F., Trung, M., Ulrych, N. T., Uranues, J., Velmahos, S., Vereczkei, G., Viale, A. G., Estape, P., Viscoli, J. V., Wagenlehner, C., Wright, F., Xiao, B. J., Yuan, Y., Zachariah, K. -. C., Zahar, S. K., Mergulhão, J. R., and Catena, P.

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, antibiotic agent, antifungal agent antiinfective agent, Antifungal Agents, Drug Resistance, Declaration, Inappropriate Prescribing, 030230 surgery, Global Health, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Microbial, 0302 clinical medicine, Anti-Infective Agents, Health care, Global health, Antimicrobial stewardship, Antibiotic prophylaxis, Antibiotic stewardship, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Drug Resistance, Microbial, Public relations, Antimicrobial, Operative, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Antibiotic Prophylaxis, Humans, Surgical Procedures, Operative, Surgical Wound Infection, Surgery, Microbiology (medical), Infectious Diseases, 3. Good health, surgical infections, medicine.medical_specialty, 030106 microbiology, Guidelines, 03 medical and health sciences, Antibiotic resistance, medicine, Ventilator-associated pneumonia, Adults, Surgical Procedures, business.industry, Carbapenems, Therapy, business, hospitals, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract

International audience; This declaration, signed by an interdisciplinary task force of 234 experts from 83 different countries with different backgrounds, highlights the threat posed by antimicrobial resistance and the need for appropriate use of antibiotic agents and antifungal agents in hospitals worldwide especially focusing on surgical infections. As such, it is our intent to raise awareness among healthcare workers and improve antimicrobial prescribing. To facilitate its dissemination, the declaration was translated in different languages.

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

14. Habituation of common eland (Taurotragus oryx) to intensive routine handling, and the effect of immunocastration thereon

Author

Andre Ganswindt, Francisco Ceacero, Radim Kotrba, Silvie Neradilova, Abubakar S. Musa, and Tersia Needham

Subjects
biology, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, 0402 animal and dairy science, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Affect (psychology), biology.organism_classification, Body weight, 040201 dairy & animal science, Oryx, Common eland, General state, Taurotragus, Animal science, Food Animals, biology.animal, Medicine, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Animal Science and Zoology, Temperament, 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, Habituation, business, media_common
Abstract

The temperament of captive common eland (Taurotragus oryx) during handling is crucial for their management, as they have been identified as an ideal antelope for game meat farming, and are well-represented in captive antelope populations world-wide. Generally speaking, common eland are considered undomesticated, and thus maintain their natural prey instincts, making it necessary to habituate them to routine handling. Immunocastration can be implemented as part of the herd management strategy in mixed or single-sex eland groups, and might reduce aggressive behaviour of males by blocking the production of testosterone, thereby improving docility for ease of handling. Within this study, data was collected to determine the influence of routine handling and immunocastration on the temperament of common eland during handling. Twenty-nine common eland were divided into two groups: sub-adults (n = 15; ca. 2 years old; 182.9 ± 59.37 kg) and juveniles (n = 14; ca. 6 months old; 94.18 ± 24.76 kg), and they were routinely handled every two weeks over a four-month period (10 handling events). Within each age group, females, males, and immunocastrated males were present. Immunocastration treatment was administered during the second and fourth handling events (2 mL Improvac®/ animal). During handling, animals were individually driven through the raceway and finally restrained in a squeeze chute, where routine biological samples and measurements were collected. Faecal androgen metabolite (fAM) concentrations were measured for each event, for males only. Each animal was focally sampled for specific behaviours during the handling. A temperament score was obtained by observing the general state of the animal from the point of entering the raceway, until its exit from the squeeze chute. Generalized linear mixed models tested the influence of immunocastration, week, group, fAM concentration, and body weight on the temperament score. Immunocastration did not affect the temperament score, the general state in the squeeze chute, the order of entering the handling system, and the chute exit. However, the temperament score and the state in the squeeze chute improved overtime (with animals being less nervous). Moreover, animals with low temperament scores (calmer) entered the system earlier, and exited the system calmly over the repeated handling period. The results show that routine handling through a raceway and squeeze chute system leads to habituation, and improves the ease of handling in common eland. However, immunocastration did not affect the temperament of the male common eland during handling.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

15. Molecular characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Tanga, Tanzania: First insight of MIRU-VNTR and microarray-based spoligotyping in a high burden country

Author

Sayoki Mfinanga, Brigitte König, Abubakar S. Hoza, and Irmgard Moser

Subjects
Adult, DNA, Bacterial, Male, 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Tuberculosis, Adolescent, Genotype, Microarray, Minisatellite Repeat, 030106 microbiology, Immunology, Population, Minisatellite Repeats, Biology, Tanzania, Microbiology, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Tandem repeat, Genetic variation, medicine, Humans, Child, education, Aged, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Aged, 80 and over, Genetics, Bacteriological Techniques, education.field_of_study, Primary Health Care, Genetic Variation, Middle Aged, bacterial infections and mycoses, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Interspersed Repetitive Sequences, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques, Female
Abstract

Molecular typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB) has greatly enhanced the understanding of the population structure of MTB isolates and epidemiology of tuberculosis (TB). To characterize prevalent genotypes of MTB, microarrays‑based spoligotyping and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit‑variable number of tandem repeats (MIRU‑VNTR) were applied on 80 isolates collected from primary health care facilities in Tanga, North‑eastern Tanzania. A total of 18 distinct spoligotypes were identified. The lineages by order of their predominance were EAI and CAS families (26.25%, 21 isolates each), LAM family and T super‑family (10%, 8 isolates each), MANU family (3.75%, 3 isolates), Beijing family (2.5%, 2 isolates) and S family (1.25%, 1 isolate). Overall, sixteen (20%) strains could not be allocated to any lineage according to the SITVIT_WEB database. The allelic diversity (h) for specific MIRU‑VNTR loci showed a considerable variation ranging from 0.826 of VNTR locus 3192 to 0.141 of VNTR locus 2059. The allelic diversity for 11 loci (VNTR 3192, 2996, 2165, 960, 4052, 424, 4156, 2531, 1644, 802 and 3690) exceeded 0.6, indicating highly discriminatory power. Seven loci (VNTR 2163b, 2401, 1955, 577, 4348, 2687 and 580) showed moderate discrimination (0.3 ≤ h ≥ 0.6), and three loci (VNTR3007, 154 and 2059) were less polymorphic. The present study suggests that the TB cases in Tanga might be caused by a diverse array of MTB strain families that may be indicative of a cosmopolitan population with frequent migration and travel. Microarray‑based spoligotyping and MIRU‑VNTR could be reliable tools in detecting different MTB genotypes in high burden settings.

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

16. Determinants of appropriate knowledge on human immunodeficiency virus postexposure prophylaxis among professional health-care workers in Sokoto, Nigeria

Author

Abubakar S Umar, Nneka Christina Okafoagu, Remi Abiola Oladigbolu, Oche Mansur Oche, and Godwin Jiya Gana

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, knowledge, Health-care workers, education, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), lcsh:Medicine, medicine.disease_cause, Teaching hospital, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Computer software, Health care, medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, human immunodeficiency virus, Transmission (medicine), business.industry, lcsh:R, medicine.disease, Sokoto, 030210 environmental & occupational health, Stratified sampling, Family medicine, Original Article, University teaching, business, postexposure prophylaxis
Abstract

Introduction: The prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV/AIDS) among health-care workers (HCWs) has remained a major topical issue worldwide. Accidental transmission of HIV infection to HCWs during occupational exposure is a real threat today. The study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) among HCWs in a tertiary health institution in Sokoto, Northwestern Nigeria. Methodology: The study was carried out at Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, through a cross-sectional descriptive study design; a total of 156 participants were recruited using a stratified sampling technique. Data were collected using a semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS computer software after obtaining ethical clearance from the Health Ethics and Research Committee of the teaching hospital. Results: A total of 87.2% (136) of the respondents had heard of PEP and 71.8% (112) thought that HIV/AIDs could be prevented through PEP. A total of 71.2% (111) had good knowledge about PEP, whereas 86.8% (118) had a positive attitude toward PEP. Conclusion: Although the study demonstrated high knowledge and positive attitude toward PEP, the observance of safety measures against needlestick injuries that could result in HIV infections was abysmally low. There is the need to create more awareness and strengthen the use of PEP protocol by all cadres of health workers as this will go a long way in minimizing blood-borne infections.

Published
2018

18. Isolation, biochemical and molecular identification of Nocardia species among TB suspects in northeastern, Tanzania; a forgotten or neglected threat?

Author

Sayoki Mfinanga, Abubakar S. Hoza, Irmgard Moser, and Brigitte König

Subjects
Adult, Lung Diseases, Male, 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Tuberculosis, 030106 microbiology, Nocardia Infections, DNA, Ribosomal, Tanzania, Nocardia, Biochemical, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Microbiology, Diagnosis, Differential, 03 medical and health sciences, Medical microbiology, Bacterial Proteins, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Actinomycetales, medicine, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, Actinomadura madurae, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary, biology, Nocardiosis, Sputum, Molecular, Sequence Analysis, DNA, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Female, Northeastern, medicine.symptom, Research Article
Abstract

Background Pulmonary nocardiosis mimic pulmonary tuberculosis in most clinical and radiological manifestations. In Tanzania, where tuberculosis is one of the major public health threat clinical impact of nocardiosis as the cause of the human disease remains unknown. The objective of the present study was to isolate and identify Nocardia isolates recovered from TB suspects in Northeastern, Tanzania by using biochemical and molecular methods. Methods The study involved 744 sputum samples collected from 372 TB suspects from four periphery diagnostic centers in Northeastern, Tanzania. Twenty patients were diagnosed as having presumptively Nocardia infections based on microscopic, cultural characteristics and biomèrieux ID 32C Yeast Identification system and confirmed using 16S rRNA and hsp65 gene specific primers for Nocardia species and sequencing. Results Biochemically, the majority of the isolates were N. asteroides (n = 8/20, 40%), N. brasiliensis (n = 4/20, 20%), N. farcinica (n = 3/20, 15%), N. nova (n = 1/20, 5%). Other aerobic actinomycetales included Streptomyces cyanescens (n = 2/20, 10%), Streptomyces griseus, Actinomadura madurae each (n = 1/20, 5%). Results of 16S rRNA and hsp65 sequencing were concordant in 15/17 (88. 2%) isolates and discordant in 2/17 (11.8%) isolates. Majority of the isolates belonged to N. cyriacigeorgica and N. farcinica, four (23.5%) each. Conclusions Our findings suggest that Nocardia species may be an important cause of pulmonary nocardiosis that is underdiagnosed or ignored. This underscores needs to consider pulmonary nocardiosis as a differential diagnosis when there is a failure of anti-TB therapy and as a possible cause of human infections. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-017-2520-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

19. An Evaluation of Students’ Admission Exercises (ESAE) in Kaduna State University, Nigeria

Author

Sa’adatu Abdulkadir, Ayuba Peter, Abubakar S. Magaji, A.A. Muhammad, and I.A. Yushau

Subjects
Medical education, Trend analysis, business.industry, education, Mathematics education, National Policy, Medicine, business, Employee skills
Abstract

The evaluation of students' admission exercise in Kaduna State University (KASU) considered the number of students admitted into the various programmes of the University. An analysis of students' admission exercises was carried out from the inception of the University in 2005/2006 session to 2010/2011 session. The study aims to evaluate the compliance of the admission exercise with the National Policy on Education (NPC), and equal regional spread based on the existing senatorial zones in Kaduna State. Thus, the objective is to determine the suitability of graduate employee skills to the skills required for better performance in the State. The study went further to evaluate the admission exercises statistically in order to determine strict adherence to the guidelines set out for the exercise, and compliance with the enrolment policy. The trend analysis conducted shows that the graduate employee skills produced by KASU matches more to the skills not required for modern workplace in the state.

Published
2013
Full Text
View/download PDF

20. The role of nontuberculous mycobacteria in the diagnosis, management and quantifying risks of tuberculosis in Tanga, Tanzania

Author

Sayoki Mfinanga, Brigitte König, Irmgard Moser, Abubakar S. Hoza, Athumani M. Lupindu, and Germany Academic Exchange Services (DAAD)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Tuberculosis, Isolation (health care), Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Genotype, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, biology, business.industry, General Medicine, bacterial infections and mycoses, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, Tanzania, tuberculosis, nontuberculous mycobacteria, management, Tanzania, Immunology, Sputum, Ziehl–Neelsen stain, Nontuberculous mycobacteria, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract

Background: The role of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis is well documented in many developing settings. However, this has not been the case in many resource poor settings like Tanzania. This study aimed at understanding the role of NTM in the diagnosis and management of TB in resource poor settings of Tanzania. Methods: A cross‑sectional study was conducted in Tanga, Tanzania. Patients with symptoms suggestive of TB self-referred to health care facilities were recruited. Two sputum samples were collected for standard direct smear microscopy. Culture was performed using BacT/Alert 3D system, Lowenstein-Jensen and Gottsacker slopes. Identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and NTM was done by using GenoType ® MTBC and GenoType ® CM/AS, respectively. Results: A total of 372 patients were involved in the study. Eighty-one (21.8%) patients were diagnosed as having M. tuberculosis by the isolation of the organism from cultures of sputum. Further analysis of culture showed that 8.1% (30/372) were NTM with 7/372 (1.9%) cases of NTM classified as pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients. Ziehl Neelsen stain had a sensitivity of 68.8% and produced 10 false negative results. On the other hand, Fluorescence stain had a sensitivity of 85.7% and gave seven false negative samples when compared with culture results. Weight loss (p = 0.0001), fatigue (p = 0.003), fever (p = 0.038) and night sweats (p = 0.004), young population (18-40 years) (p = 0.0352), males (p = 0.0025) were important risk factors for TB. Four out of 30 NTM diagnosed by culture received first line anti‑TB treatment suggesting that a good proportion of patients (4/65, 6.2%) were mistreated as TB patients. Conclusion: Inefficient screening of TB patients in resource poor settings and prevalent increase of NTM may contribute to over diagnosis of TB cases. The need to integrate NTM diagnosis in the routine management of TB is urgently needed for designing effective tuberculosis prevention and control strategies in the country.

Published
2016

21. Evaluation of the Genotype® MTBDRplus assay as a tool for drug resistance surveys

Author

Abubakar S. Hoza, T. M. Chonde, A. Van Deun, Saidi Egwaga, P de Rijk, F. Van Leth, Matteo Zignol, Gabriela Torrea, Leen Rigouts, and D. Basra

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Tuberculosis, biology, business.industry, Isoniazid, Gold standard (test), Drug resistance, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Infectious Diseases, Internal medicine, Immunology, Medicine, Sputum, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), medicine.symptom, business, Rifampicin, medicine.drug, Antibacterial agent
Abstract

SETTING: A national tuberculosis (TB) drug resistance survey in Tanzania. OBJECTIVE: To compare the performance of the Genotype ® MTBDRplus line-probe assay (LPA) on smear-positive sputum specimens with conventional culture and isoniazid (INH) plus rifampicin (RMP) drug susceptibility testing (DST). DESIGN: Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates tested at the Tanzanian Central TB Reference Laboratory (CTRL) were submitted for quality assurance of phenotypic DST to its supranational reference laboratory (SRL), together with ethanol-preserved sputum specimens for LPA DST. RESULTS: Only 321 samples could be tested using LPA; of these, three were identified as being non-tuberculous mycobacteria using CTRL DST. Both tests had 269 sets with interpretable results. CTRL DST yielded almost the same number of interpretable results as LPA, with 90% concordance (κ = 0.612, P < 0.001). Five (1.9%) multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains, 46 (17.1%) resistant to INH only and 0 RMP only, were found by CTRL DST. For the LPA, these results were respectively 5 (1.9%), 26 (9.7%) and 2 (0.7%). With SRL DST as the gold standard, LPA was more accurate than CTRL DST for RMP, but missed almost half the INH-resistant samples. CONCLUSION: LPA applied directly on ethanol-preserved sputum specimens was similar to phenotypic DST in terms of yield of interpretable results. Although probably more accurate for RMP and MDR-TB, it appears to seriously underestimate INH resistance. Considering speed, easy and safe specimen transportation and low infrastructure requirements, LPA DST from sputum can be recommended for surveys in resource-poor settings.

Published
2011
Full Text
View/download PDF

22. Anticonvulsant and sedative effects of ethanol whole plant extract of Viscum album in mice

Author

Samuel Y. Timothy, Hamza H. Milagawanda, Abubakar S. Moh’d, Tola A.S. Midala, and Ralph I. Elon

Subjects
Pentobarbital, biology, Traditional medicine, business.industry, medicine.drug_class, medicine.medical_treatment, Alkaloid, biology.organism_classification, Acute toxicity, Anticonvulsant, Phytochemical, Sedative, Convulsion, medicine, Viscum album, medicine.symptom, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Epilepsy is one of the world’s oldest recognized conditions. Fear, discrimination and social stigma have surrounded epilepsy for centuries. Various drug treatments available are not readily accessible, affordable and may have associated side effects. This research focuses on the anticonvulsant and sedative effects of ethanol whole plant extract of Viscum album L in mice commonly used in herbal medicine to treat insomnia and convulsion. The fresh whole plant extract of Viscum album collected was air-dried for one week in the herbarium away from sunlight, and then grounded into powder form using a clean pestle and mortar. About 300 g of the powdered sample were extracted using 95% ethanol. Phytochemical screening and acute toxicity study was carried out using standard method. The extract was evaluated for anticonvulsant activity in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced convulsion and sedative effect in pentobarbital induced sleeping time in mice. The phytochemical screening of the plant extract of Viscum album revealed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, triterpenes and tannins. However, Dragendorffʼs test for alkaloid gave a negative result. The LD 50 obtained was greater than 2900mg/kg intraperitoneally in mice. The plant extract of Viscum album produced a dose dependent inhibition of PTZ induced convulsion and death. The extract significantly (p

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

23. Anti-TB Drug Resistance in Tanga, Tanzania: A Cross Sectional Facility-base Prevalence among Pulmonary TB Patients

Author

Sayoki Mfinanga, Abubakar S. Hoza, and Brigitte König

Subjects
Drug, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Tuberculosis, Drug-resistant TB, media_common.quotation_subject, MDR-TB, Drug resistance, Facility-base, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Medical microbiology, Epidemiology, Prevalence, medicine, Prospective cohort study, media_common, Medicine(all), biology, business.industry, Pulmonary tuberculosis, HIV, General Medicine, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Tanzania, business
Abstract

Objective To determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with drug resistance tuberculosis (TB) at facility-base level in Tanga, Tanzania. Methods A total of 79 Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolates included in the study were collected from among 372 (312 new and 60 previously treated) TB suspects self-referred to four TB clinics during a prospective study conducted from November 2012 to January 2013. Culture and drug susceptibility test of the isolates was performed at the institute of medical microbiology and epidemiology of infectious diseases, University hospital, Leipzig, Germany. Data on the patient's characteristics were obtained from structured questionnaire administered to the patients who gave informed verbal consent. Unadjusted bivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the risk factors for drug resistant-TB. The significance level was determined at P 0.05 . Results The overall proportions of any drug resistance and MDR-TB were 12.7% and 6.3% respectively. The prevalence of any drug resistance and MDR-TB among new cases were 11.4% and 4.3% respectively, whereas among previously treated cases was 22.2% respectively. Previously treated patients were more likely to develop anti-TB drug resistance. There was no association between anti-TB drug resistances (including MDR-TB) with the risk factors analysed. Conclusions High proportions of anti-TB drug resistance among new and previously treated cases observed in this study suggest that, additional efforts still need to be done in identifying individual cases at facility-base level for improved TB control programmes and drug resistance survey should continuously be monitored in the country.

Published
2015

24. In vitro fertilization: Perceptions and misperceptions among women of reproductive age group in Sokoto, Nigeria

Author

Fatima A Adam, Oche Mansur Oche, Nneka Christina Okafoagu, Abubakar S Umar, Ogunyemi J Oluwatobi, Abdulazeez M Gatawa, Remi Abiola Oladigbolu, Jessica Timane Ango, and Godwin Jiya Gana

Subjects
Infertility, In vitro fertilisation, Global issue, medicine.medical_treatment, Perception, media_common.quotation_subject, medicine, Reproductive age, Psychology, medicine.disease, Social issues, Demography, media_common
Abstract

Background: Infertility is a global issue causing a lot of psychological and social problems among couples. In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) is one of the options available for couples who want children

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

25. Biocompatible click chemistry enabled compartment-specific pH measurement inside E. coli

Author

Jing Zhao, Peng Chen, Maiyun Yang, Abubakar S. Jalloh, Peng Wu, and Wei Wei

Subjects
Cytoplasm, Fluorophore, Green Fluorescent Proteins, General Physics and Astronomy, Biocompatible Materials, Ligands, medicine.disease_cause, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Membrane Potentials, chemistry.chemical_compound, Electrochemistry, Escherichia coli, medicine, Fluorescent Dyes, Ions, Multidisciplinary, Chemiosmosis, Escherichia coli Proteins, Proton-Motive Force, General Chemistry, Periplasmic space, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Flow Cytometry, Membrane, chemistry, Biochemistry, Periplasm, Click chemistry, Biophysics, Click Chemistry, Bioorthogonal chemistry, Reactive Oxygen Species, Copper, Plasmids
Abstract

Bioorthogonal reactions, especially the Cu(I)-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition, have revolutionized our ability to label and manipulate biomolecules under living conditions. The cytotoxicity of Cu(I) ions, however, has hindered the application of this reaction in the internal space of living cells. By systematically surveying a panel of Cu(I)-stabilizing ligands in promoting protein labelling within the cytoplasm of Escherichia coli, we identify a highly efficient and biocompatible catalyst for intracellular modification of proteins by azide-alkyne cycloaddition. This reaction permits us to conjugate an environment-sensitive fluorophore site specifically onto HdeA, an acid-stress chaperone that adopts pH-dependent conformational changes, in both the periplasm and cytoplasm of E. coli. The resulting protein-fluorophore hybrid pH indicators enable compartment-specific pH measurement to determine the pH gradient across the E. coli cytoplasmic membrane. This construct also allows the measurement of E. coli transmembrane potential, and the determination of the proton motive force across its inner membrane under normal and acid-stress conditions.

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

26. Tobacco use among fourth year Bachelor of Science in Public Health (BSPH) students of the College of Public Health: University of the Philippines Manila, academic year 2012-2013

Author

Renerio Q. Cordova, Chris Erwin G. Mercado, Jonathan P. Guevarra, and Abubakar S. Asaad

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Health (social science), Adolescent, Schools, Public Health, media_common.quotation_subject, medicine.medical_treatment, Philippines, education, Bachelor, Tobacco smoke, Smoke-Free Policy, Young Adult, Environmental health, Surveys and Questionnaires, medicine, Prevalence, Humans, Age of Onset, Child, Curriculum, media_common, Academic year, business.industry, Students, Public Health, Public health, Smoking, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Cross-Sectional Studies, Family medicine, Smoking cessation, Female, Tobacco Smoke Pollution, Smoking ban, business, Attitude to Health
Abstract

This study determines the prevalence of tobacco use among graduating Public Health students at the College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila. It also describes the exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, attitudes, behaviors and smoking cessation training of students. This study used a descriptive cross-sectional study design, adapting a standard questionnaire, pretested and administered to 52 Bachelor of Science in Public Health (BSPH) students at the College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila. Data generated from the survey were encoded using Epi Info version 3.5.4 and analyzed using Stata version 12. The prevalence of smoking among 4th year BSPH students was 5.8 % (current smokers). In the past 7 days, respondents have been exposed to secondhand smoke (44 % where they live; 79 % in places other than where they live). Majority were aware of the official policy on smoking ban in school, however, 80 % said that the policy is not enforced. Majority had favorable attitudes in terms of banning tobacco sales to adolescents, banning advertising of tobacco products, banning smoking in restaurants, discos/bars/pubs and enclosed public places. Majority of the respondents also believed that health professionals should get specific training on cessation techniques, that they do serve as role models, and that they have a role in giving advice about smoking cessation. More than three-quarters (76.9 %) of students said that health professionals who smoke are less likely to advise patients to quit. Most of the graduating students learned about the dangers of smoking, importance of obtaining tobacco use history, and providing educational support materials in their public health education but only a few received formal training about smoking cessation approaches. The implementation of the no-smoking policy of the university must be revisited. Smoking cessation approaches should be incorporated in the public health curriculum and the role of public health students in advocating a smoke-free lifestyle should be emphasized.

Published
2014

27. Use of Kanefron in treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis in women

Author

Aleksander S Alekseev, Aleksey A Turbin, Refat Amdii, Yuliya S Moscaleva, Mikhail V Skvortsov, Gulnara R Timaeva, Abubakar S Okunchayev, Dmitriy V Bulaev, Igor Valentinovich Kuzmin, Salman Al-Shukri, Nikolay V Sorokin, and Evgeniy A Chaplitskii

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine.drug_class, Urinary system, Antibiotics, Mean age, Alternative treatment, Urine microscopy, Surgery, Clinical Practice, Titer, Internal medicine, Medicine, Acute Cystitis, business
Abstract

The aim of study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Kanefron with uncomplicated cystitis in women in clinical practice. Patients and methods. In our work was attended by 22 women with a diagnosis of acute uncomplicated cystitis. The mean age was 29,0 ± 1,8 years (from 19 to 51 years. The criteria of effectiveness were changes in symptoms and laboratory parameters according to the urinary tests at Kanefron monotherapy. Results. After treating by Kanefron there were observed significant improvement in symptoms of acute cystitis. Before treatment the average symptom score was 8,05 ± 0,7 points, on the 3rd day of treatment it significantly decreased to 5,1 ± 1,0 points (p < 0,05) on day 7 of treatment it was up to 2, 9 ± 1,0 points, in the phase of observation of 37 days after initiation of therapy by Kanefron othe average score of symptoms was 0,1 ± 0,3 points. Frequency leukocyturia on the 7 day of treatment according to a study by urine microscopy was 83.3%, and by the 37 th day after the start of Kanefron (phase monitoring) significantly decreased to 37,5% (p < 0,05). Kanefron showed statistically significant antibacterial activity in acute cystitis. Prior to initiating therapy the growth of microorganisms at a titer of more than 100 000 units was detected in 72.7% of patients after 2 weeks of treatment (on day 37 of observation) - in 28,6% of patients (p < 0,05). Conclusions. Our results suggest that Kanefron can be an effective and well-tolerated alternative treatment of uncomplicated infections of the lower urinary tract in women, allowing to reduce the use of antibiotics. Appointment of the drug as a monotherapy Kanefron acute cystitis and duration of treatment requires further study and discussion.

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

28. Medicalization of female genital mutilation among professional health care workers in a referral hospital, north-western Nigeria

Author

Oche Mansur Oche and Abubakar S Umar

Subjects
Female circumcision, education.field_of_study, Referral, business.industry, Cross-sectional study, Population, Developing country, Health personnel, Nursing, Medicalization, Health care, Medicine, business, education
Abstract

Background: Although progress has been made in reducing the magnitude of female genital mutilation/ cutting (FGM/C), however, its practice is still prevalent in some parts of Africa and Asia. More disturbing is

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

29. Increased isolation of nontuberculous mycobacteria among TB suspects in Northeastern, Tanzania: public health and diagnostic implications for control programmes

Author

Sayoki Mfinanga, Arne C. Rodloff, Abubakar S. Hoza, Irmgard Moser, and Brigitte König

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Veterinary medicine, HIV Infections, Tanzania, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Epidemiology, Child, Nontuberculous mycobacteria, Aged, 80 and over, Medicine(all), biology, Coinfection, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), General Medicine, Middle Aged, Bacterial Typing Techniques, Female, Public Health, medicine.symptom, Research Article, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Tuberculosis, Adolescent, 030106 microbiology, Peripheral diagnostic centres, Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Microbiology, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Diagnosis, Differential, 03 medical and health sciences, Bacterial Proteins, medicine, Humans, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary, Aged, business.industry, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all), HIV, Chaperonin 60, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, 16S ribosomal RNA, bacterial infections and mycoses, 030104 developmental biology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Communicable Disease Control, Sputum, business, Mycobacterium
Abstract

Background Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are increasingly reported worldwide associated with human disease. Defining the significance of NTM in settings with endemic tuberculosis (TB) requires the discrimination of NTM from TB in suspect patients. Correct and timely identification of NTM will impact both therapy and epidemiology of TB and TB-like diseases. The present study aimed at determining the frequency and diversity of NTM among TB suspects in northeastern Tanzania. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2012 through January 2013. Seven hundred and forty-four sputum samples were collected from 372 TB suspects. Detection was done by using phenotypic, GenoType® Mycobacterium CM/AS kits, 16S rRNA and hsp65 gene sequencing for identification of isolates not identified by Hain kits. Binary regression model was used to analyse the predictors of NTM detection. Results The prevalence of NTM was 9.7 % of the mycobacterial isolates. Out of 36 patients with confirmed NTM infection, 12 were HIV infected with HIV being a significant predictor of NTM detection (P

Full Text
View/download PDF

30. PDXK mutations cause polyneuropathy responsive to pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate supplementation

Author

Chelban, Viorica, Wilson, Matthew P., Warman Chardon, Jodi, Vandrovcova, Jana, Zanetti, M. Natalia, Zamba‐Papanicolaou, Eleni, Efthymiou, Stephanie, Pope, Simon, Conte, Maria R., Abis, Giancarlo, Liu, Yo‐Tsen, Tribollet, Eloise, Haridy, Nourelhoda A., Botía, Juan A., Ryten, Mina, Nicolaou, Paschalis, Minaidou, Anna, Christodoulou, Kyproula, Kernohan, Kristin D., Eaton, Alison, Osmond, Matthew, Ito, Yoko, Bourque, Pierre, Jepson, James E. C., Bello, Oscar, Bremner, Fion, Cordivari, Carla, Reilly, Mary M., Foiani, Martha, Heslegrave, Amanda, Zetterberg, Henrik, Heales, Simon J. R., Wood, Nicholas W., Rothman, James E., Boycott, Kym M., Mills, Philippa B., Clayton, Peter T., Houlden, Henry, Kriouile, Yamna, Khorassani, Mohamed El, Aguennouz, Mhammed, Groppa, Stanislav, Marinova Karashova, Blagovesta, Van Maldergem, Lionel, Nachbauer, Wolfgang, Boesch, Sylvia, Arning, Larissa, Timmann, Dagmar, Cormand, Bru, Pérez‐Dueñas, Belen, Di Rosa, Gabriella, Goraya, Jatinder S., Sultan, Tipu, Mine, Jun, Avdjieva, Daniela, Kathom, Hadil, Tincheva, Radka, Banu, Selina, Pineda‐Marfa, Mercedes, Veggiotti, Pierangelo, Ferrari, Michel D., van den Maagdenberg, Arn M J M, Verrotti, Alberto, Marseglia, Giangluigi, Savasta, Salvatore, García‐Silva, Mayte, Ruiz, Alfons Macaya, Garavaglia, Barbara, Borgione, Eugenia, Portaro, Simona, Sanchez, Benigno Monteagudo, Boles, Richard, Papacostas, Savvas, Vikelis, Michail, Rothman, James, Giunti, Paola, Salpietro, Vincenzo, Oconnor, Emer, Kullmann, Dimitri, Kaiyrzhanov, Rauan, Sullivan, Roisin, Khan, Alaa Matooq, Yau, Wai Yan, Hostettler, Isabel, Papanicolaou, Eleni Zamba, Dardiotis, Efthymios, Maqbool, Shazia, Ibrahim, Shahnaz, Kirmani, Salman, Rana, Nuzhat Noureen, Atawneh, Osama, Lim, Shen‐Yang, Shaikh, Farooq, Koutsis, George, Breza, Marianthi, Mangano, Salvatore, Scuderi, Carmela, Morello, Giovanna, Stojkovic, Tanya, Torti, Erin, Zollo, Massimi, Heimer, Gali, Dauvilliers, Yves A., Striano, Pasquale, Al‐Khawaja, Issam, Al‐Mutairi, Fuad, Alkuraya, Fowzan S, Sherifa, Hamed, Rizig, Mie, Okubadejo, Njideka U., Ojo, Oluwadamilola O., Oshinaike, Olajumoke O., Wahab, Kolawole, Bello, Abiodun H., Abubakar, Sanni, Obiabo, Yahaya, Nwazor, Ernest, Ekenze, Oluchi, Williams, Uduak, Iyagba, Alagoma, Taiwo, Lolade, Komolafe, Morenikeji, Oguntunde, Olapeju, Pchelina, Sofya, Senkevich, Konstantin, Haridy, Nourelhoda, Shashkin, Chingiz, Zharkynbekova, Nazira, Koneyev, Kairgali, Manizha, Ganieva, Isrofilov, Maksud, Guliyeva, Ulviyya, Salayev, Kamran, Khachatryan, Samson, Rossi, Salvatore, Silvestri, Gabriella, Bourinaris, Thomas, Xiromerisiou, Georgia, Fidani, Liana, Spanaki, Cleanthe, Tucci, Arianna, University College London Hospitals (UCLH), Université d'Ottawa [Ontario] (uOttawa), King‘s College London, University College of London [London] (UCL), University of Cyprus [Nicosia], UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, National Yang Ming University (NYMU), Department of Information and Communications Engineering [Murcia], Universidad de Murcia, Guy's Hospital [London], Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, University of Ottawa [Ottawa], The Ottawa Hospital, University of British Columbia (UBC), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute [Ottawa] (OHRI), Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Biochemistry, Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, Institute of Child Health, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr University Bochum (RUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Department of Medical and Surgical Pediatrics, University Hospital, Fondazione, Departments of Human Genetics & Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), University of Laquila, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico 'Carlo Besta', Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Università degli studi di Catania [Catania], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Gene Dx, Partenaires INRAE, Tel Aviv University Sackler School of Medicine [Tel Aviv, Israël], Neuropsychiatrie : recherche épidémiologique et clinique (PSNREC), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Universita degli studi di Genova, Fondazione 'Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli' [Rome], UCL Institute of neurology, UCL Institute of Neurology, Chelban V., Wilson M.P., Warman Chardon J., Vandrovcova J., Zanetti M.N., Zamba-Papanicolaou E., Efthymiou S., Pope S., Conte M.R., Abis G., Liu Y.-T., Tribollet E., Haridy N.A., Botia J.A., Ryten M., Nicolaou P., Minaidou A., Christodoulou K., Kernohan K.D., Eaton A., Osmond M., Ito Y., Bourque P., Jepson J.E.C., Bello O., Bremner F., Cordivari C., Reilly M.M., Foiani M., Heslegrave A., Zetterberg H., Heales S.J.R., Wood N.W., Rothman J.E., Boycott K.M., Mills P.B., Clayton P.T., Houlden H., Kriouile Y., Khorassani M.E., Aguennouz M., Groppa S., Marinova Karashova B., Van Maldergem L., Nachbauer W., Boesch S., Arning L., Timmann D., Cormand B., Perez-Duenas B., Di Rosa G., Goraya J.S., Sultan T., Mine J., Avdjieva D., Kathom H., Tincheva R., Banu S., Pineda-Marfa M., Veggiotti P., Ferrari M.D., van den Maagdenberg A.M.J.M., Verrotti A., Marseglia G., Savasta S., Garcia-Silva M., Ruiz A.M., Garavaglia B., Borgione E., Portaro S., Sanchez B.M., Boles R., Papacostas S., Vikelis M., Rothman J., Giunti P., Salpietro V., Oconnor E., Kullmann D., Kaiyrzhanov R., Sullivan R., Khan A.M., Yau W.Y., Hostettler I., Papanicolaou E.Z., Dardiotis E., Maqbool S., Ibrahim S., Kirmani S., Rana N.N., Atawneh O., Lim S.-Y., Shaikh F., Koutsis G., Breza M., Mangano S., Scuderi C., Morello G., Stojkovic T., Torti E., Zollo M., Heimer G., Dauvilliers Y.A., Striano P., Al-Khawaja I., Al-Mutairi F., Alkuraya F.S., Sherifa H., Rizig M., Okubadejo N.U., Ojo O.O., Oshinaike O.O., Wahab K., Bello A.H., Abubakar S., Obiabo Y., Nwazor E., Ekenze O., Williams U., Iyagba A., Taiwo L., Komolafe M., Oguntunde O., Pchelina S., Senkevich K., Haridy N., Shashkin C., Zharkynbekova N., Koneyev K., Manizha G., Isrofilov M., Guliyeva U., Salayev K., Khachatryan S., Rossi S., Silvestri G., Bourinaris T., Xiromerisiou G., Fidani L., Spanaki C., and Tucci A.

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, LOCAL TRANSLATION, Medizin, medicine.disease_cause, DISEASE, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, polineuropathy, Cinètica enzimàtica, Gene Regulatory Networks, Pyridoxal phosphate, Child, Pyridoxal Kinase, Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), Research Articles, Aged, 80 and over, Mutation, Gene Regulatory Network, PLASMA, Autosomal recessive axonal polyneuropathy, Disease gene identification, Pyridoxal kinase, 3. Good health, Settore MED/26 - NEUROLOGIA, Neuropaties perifèriques, Treatment Outcome, Polyneuropathie, Neurology, Child, Preschool, Pyridoxal Phosphate, RELIABILITY, Vitamin B Complex, Female, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Polyneuropathy, Human, Research Article, Adult, Adolescent, PDXK, Clinical Neurology, CHARCOT-MARIE-TOOTH, CHARCOT-MARIE-TOOTH, CMT NEUROPATHY SCORE, LOCAL TRANSLATION, DISEASE, RELIABILITY, MECHANISMS, DISCOVERY, FRAMEWORK, KINASE, PLASMA, MECHANISMS, 03 medical and health sciences, Polyneuropathies, Atrophy, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], KINASE, medicine, Humans, CMT NEUROPATHY SCORE, PDXK mutations, Pyridoxal, Dietary Supplement, Aged, Peripheral neuropathies, Science & Technology, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Enzyme kinetics, Neurosciences, FRAMEWORK, medicine.disease, Molecular biology, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, DISCOVERY, Dietary Supplements, Neurosciences & Neurology, Neurology (clinical), Adenosine triphosphate, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To identify disease-causing variants in autosomal recessive axonal polyneuropathy with optic atrophy and provide targeted replacement therapy. METHODS: We performed genome-wide sequencing, homozygosity mapping, and segregation analysis for novel disease-causing gene discovery. We used circular dichroism to show secondary structure changes and isothermal titration calorimetry to investigate the impact of variants on adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding. Pathogenicity was further supported by enzymatic assays and mass spectroscopy on recombinant protein, patient-derived fibroblasts, plasma, and erythrocytes. Response to supplementation was measured with clinical validated rating scales, electrophysiology, and biochemical quantification. RESULTS: We identified biallelic mutations in PDXK in 5 individuals from 2 unrelated families with primary axonal polyneuropathy and optic atrophy. The natural history of this disorder suggests that untreated, affected individuals become wheelchair-bound and blind. We identified conformational rearrangement in the mutant enzyme around the ATP-binding pocket. Low PDXK ATP binding resulted in decreased erythrocyte PDXK activity and low pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) concentrations. We rescued the clinical and biochemical profile with PLP supplementation in 1 family, improvement in power, pain, and fatigue contributing to patients regaining their ability to walk independently during the first year of PLP normalization. INTERPRETATION: We show that mutations in PDXK cause autosomal recessive axonal peripheral polyneuropathy leading to disease via reduced PDXK enzymatic activity and low PLP. We show that the biochemical profile can be rescued with PLP supplementation associated with clinical improvement. As B6 is a cofactor in diverse essential biological pathways, our findings may have direct implications for neuropathies of unknown etiology characterized by reduced PLP levels. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:225-240. ispartof: ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY vol:86 issue:2 pages:225-240 ispartof: location:United States status: published

Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results