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The current study was undertaken to analyze the bacteriological profile among diabetic foot ulcer patients and to determine the antibiotic susceptibility and resistance pattern of the organisms isolated. This was a prospective observational study conducted among 102 patients for six months. All patients, aged above 18 years diagnosed with diabetic foot ulcers and performed with culture and sensitivity tests in the department of general surgery, were enrolled in the study. All the relevant details of the study were collected and analyzed. Out of 102 patients enrolled, 72 were males and 30 were females. The majority of the bacteria that were isolated from the culture samples were found to be gram-negative, 119 (79.33%) and 31 (20.97%) were found to be gram-positive. Methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was the most frequently isolated gram-positive micro-organism. It was found to have more sensitivity to both vancomycin and teicoplanin (100%) whereas it showed high resistance to benzylpenicillin (84.6%). Among various gram-negative organisms, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most commonly isolated. It showed high sensitivity to doripenem (70.9%) and was found to be more resistant to levofloxacin (51.6%). Our study concluded on the predominance of gram-negative bacteria among the enrolled patients. Among the 22 different types of bacteria identified, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most frequently isolated species.

To validate the diagnostic utility of oxidative stress markers along with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c ) in the assessment of chronic vascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).Ischemia modified albumin (IMA), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in 100 type 2 DM (without complications n = 50, with complications n = 50) and healthy controls (n = 50). Diagnostic potential was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic analysis and their relationships to risk variables were analyzed.MDA, IMA and AOPP were significantly increased in diabetics, both with and without complications. Oxidative stress parameters correlated with fasting blood glucose and HbA1c (independent predictors). Duration of diabetes was an independent predictor for AOPP and MDA. The association of IMA with diabetes duration was lost on multiple regression analysis. Area under the curve, sensitivity and specificity for MDA were 0.795, 84%, 66%; for AOPP, they were 0.762, 82%, 56%; for IMA, they were 0.611, 60%, 52%; and for HbA1c, they were 0.848, 90%, 70%, respectively.MDA and AOPP could be considered better than IMA in the evaluation of diabetes progression, but MDA is more useful as a diagnostic indicator to detect vascular complications. HbA1c measurement is of greater value than the oxidative stress markers in the prediction of vascular complications.

Objective: To determine the effect of Vitamin D3 on the rate and amount of orthodontic tooth movement in humans when injected locally at the site. Materials and Methods: A prospective, split-mouth clinical trial was carried out on 15 subjects who were referred for bilateral therapeutic extraction of the first premolars followed by canine retraction in the maxillary arch. Vitamin D3 in a vehicle of local anesthetic solution was injected into the buccal vestibule immediately distal to the canine to be retracted on the experimental side; on the contralateral side, only local anesthetic solution as control was injected into the correspnding site on the 7th, 21st, and 47th days of canine retraction. The amount of canine retraction was assessed using the palatal rugae as stable landmarks, and the values obtained were compared using preand postcanine retraction occlusograms. Results: The experimental teeth whose gingivae had received injections containing Vitamin D3 had moved considerably less than had the matched control teeth (P , .001). Conclusions: Localized injection of vitamin D3 produces a significantly decreased rate and amount of tooth movement in humans. (Angle Orthod. 0000;00:000–000.)