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Objective: We aimed to examine the gender, geographical region and income group of the country of affiliation for editorial leadership (eg, editor-in-chief, section editor, associate editor) and advisors (eg, editorial board members) in top-ranked rehabilitation and sports science journals., Methods: A list of Scopus indexed, Q1 (25% top) rehabilitation and sports science journals, available under four different journal categories, was prepared based on the data from the Scientific Journal Rankings (SJR) website. The information for editorial leadership and advisors for these journals was obtained and their gender was determined through a multistep process. The country of affiliation of editorial leadership and advisors was used to categorise them to World Bank's different geographical regions and income groups (for countries)., Results: There were 7248 editors (35.7% leadership and 64.3% advisors) across 113 rehabilitation and sports science journals. Of all editors, 1792 (24.7%) were women. Women represented 24.5% of editorial leadership positions, 24.8% of advisory roles and 10.4% of editors-in-chief. Editors from South Asia (0.5%) and sub-Saharan Africa (0.6%) had the least representation, while those affiliated with institutions from high-income countries represented 93.5% of leadership roles and 93.1% of advisory positions. Moreover, editors affiliated with institutions from North America occupied almost half of all editorial roles., Conclusions: Women and researchers affiliated with institutions from low-income and middle-income countries are under-represented on the editorial boards of top-ranked rehabilitation and sports science journals indexed in the Scopus database. Editors are responsible for promoting research in their specific field, and therefore, the current leadership in rehabilitation and sports science journals should consider diversifying their editorial boards by providing equitable opportunities to women and researchers from a broader geographical distribution., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Abstract With the ability of servers to remotely control and manage a mobile robot, mobile robots are becoming more widespread as a form of remote communication and human-robot interaction. Controlling these robots, however, can be challenging because of their power consumption, delays, or the challenge of selecting the right robot for a certain task. This paper introduces a novel methodology for enhancing the efficacy of a mobile robotic network. The key two contributions of our suggested methodology are: I: A recommended strategy that eliminates the unwieldy robots before selecting the ideal robot to satisfy the task. II: A suggested procedure that uses a fuzzy algorithm to schedule the robots that need to be recharged. Since multiple robots may need to be recharged at once, this process aims to manage and control the recharging of robots in order to avoid conflicts or crowding. The suggested approach aims to preserve the charging capacity, physical resources (e.g. Hardware components), and battery life of the robots by loading the application onto a remote server node instead of individual robots. Furthermore, our solution makes use of fog servers to speed up data transfers between smart devices and the cloud, it is also used to move processing from remote cloud servers closer to the robots, improving on-site access to location-based services and real-time interaction. Simulation results showed that, our method achieved a 2.4% improvement in average accuracy and a 2.2% enhancement in average power usage over the most recent methods in the same comparable settings.

Abstract The rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae is one of the primary insects that infest stored grains, causing both quantitative and qualitative losses. The use of synthetic pesticides to control it has led to the emergence of several problems related to human health and the environment, which has prompted the search for safer alternatives for their control. In this study, the effectiveness of two essential oils, cumin (Cuminum cyminum) and basil (Ocimum basilicum), was evaluated as insecticides for controlling the rice weevil at three different times intervals and various concentrations. (GC-MS) analysis revealed that both oils contain several key compounds, such as procanal (26.07%), ˠ- terpinene (15.78%), for C. cyminum and linalool (56.7%), cadinol, epi-α (11.4%) for O. basilicum, in addition to some secondary components. The results showed that, the lethal concentration (LC50) of cumin was 49%, 45%, and 33% lower than that of basil at the 24, 48, and 72-h assessment periods, respectively demonstrating the superiority of cumin over basil. Regarding the effects on the levels of certain enzymes activity, the results indicated that both oils had a significant impact on the activity of both enzymes ALP and GOT, while there was no significant effect on (GOT), α-amylase, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) compared to control. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that tested essential oils could be developed as a safe and effective alternatives for controlling rice weevil.

Abstract The anticancer, antimicrobial, and insecticidal activities of sarcotrocheliol (1) and cholesterol (2) obtained from the soft coral Sarcophyton trocheliophorum (S. trocheliophorum) were intensively studied. According to this study, both compounds 1 and 2 showed potential cytotoxicity towards the human colorectal carcinomaHCT-116 (IC50 10.4, 11.8 µg/mL) and human liver carcinoma HepG2 cell lines (IC50 8.8, 12.0 µg/mL), respectively. Compounds 1 and 2 were evaluated as potential inhibitors of caspase-3, a member of the cysteine protease family, which is considered a key enzyme in inducing cell apoptosis. Results showed that compounds 1 and 2 have induced apoptosis via up-regulation of caspase-3. Sarcotrocheliol (1) displayed antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa (15 mm), B. subtilis (15 mm), M. luteus (14 mm) and C. albicans (15 mm), with a MIC of 1.5 µg/mL against the reported test microorganisms. On the other hand, cholesterol (2) showed less activity towards P. aeruginosa (10 mm), B. subtilis (14 mm), S. aureus (12 mm) and C. albicans (10 mm) with MICs of 3.0, 1.5, 1.5 and 3.0 µg/mL against the tested microorganisms, respectively. Larvicidal activity revealed that compounds 1 and 2 induced remarkable toxicity against the third instar larvae of the mosquito, Culex pipiens even at concentration of 2 ppm. Adulticidal activity data showed that tested compounds are distinctly potent toxicants against the housefly, Musca domestica adult females. Overall, compound 2induced much more insecticidal activity than 1, and M. domestica adult females were more sensitive to tested compounds than C. pipiens larvae. Computationally, Density Functional Theory (DFT) analyses revealed that compound 2 had a higher dipole moment and lower band gap energy when compared to compound 1. So, compounds 2 is chemically more reactive and less stable than compound 1. According to the molecular docking study against PDB IDs: 3KJF, 5UHF and 1ACJ, compounds 1 and 2 demonstrated their activity mode as anticancer, antimicrobial, and insecticidal agents. The compounds exerted many interactions and showed high binding to the proteins, recognizing their potential as drug candidates with broad bioactivities.

Abstract This research investigates a novel nanocomposite material composed of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and nickel-5,15-bisdodecylporphyrin (Ni-BDP) nanoparticles for the effective removal of methyl orange (MO), a harmful synthetic dye, from water. The structure and composition of the synthesized rGO/Ni-BDP nanocomposite were characterized using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), Raman spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. The study demonstrates the material’s efficacy as both a catalyst and adsorbent for MO removal. Optimal performance was observed at pH 3.0, where the positively charged nanocomposite surface facilitated strong interactions with negatively charged MO molecules, leading to enhanced photocatalytic activity. Under these conditions, 0.01 g of the nanocomposite achieved an impressive 86.2% MO removal efficiency. Furthermore, the study explored the reusability of the rGO/Ni-BDP nanocomposite in repeated cycles of photocatalytic MO degradation under visible light irradiation. While exhibiting some decrease in efficiency over five cycles, the nanocomposite maintained a respectable degradation rate even after multiple uses. Finally, the antimicrobial properties of the nanocomposite were evaluated against both Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria exhibiting a zone of inhibition measuring 23 mm and 26, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 2.50 µg/ml and 1.25 µg/ml for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. The results revealed significant antibacterial activity, demonstrating the broad-spectrum efficacy of the rGO/Ni-BDP nanocomposite. This research underscores the potential of the rGO/Ni-BDP nanocomposite as a versatile material for environmental remediation and antibacterial applications.

Abstract Speech impairment limits a person’s capacity for oral and auditory communication. Improvements in communication between the deaf and the general public can be progressed by a real-time sign language detector. Recent studies have contributed to make progress in motion and gesture identification processes using Deep Learning (DL) methods and computer vision. But the development of static and dynamic sign language recognition (SLR) models is still a challenging area of research. The difficulty is in obtaining an appropriate model that addresses the challenges of continuous signs that are independent of the signer. Different signers’ speeds, durations, and many other factors make it challenging to create a model with high accuracy and continuity. This study mainly focused on SLR using a modified DL and hybrid optimization approach. Notably, spatial and geometric-based features are extracted via the Visual Geometry Group 16 (VGG16), and motion features are extracted using the optical flow approach. A new DL model, CNNSa-LSTM, is a combination of a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Self-Attention (SA), and Long-Short-Term Memory (LSTM) to identify sign language. This model is developed for feature extraction by combining CNNs for spatial analysis with SA mechanisms for focusing on relevant features, while LSTM effectively models temporal dependencies. The proposed CNNSa-LSTM model enhances performance in tasks involving complex, sequential data, such as sign language processing. Besides, a Hybrid Optimizer (HO) is proposed using the Hippopotamus Optimization Algorithm (HOA) and the Pathfinder Algorithm (PFA). The proposed model has been implemented in Python, and it has been evaluated over the existing models in terms of accuracy (98.7%), sensitivity (98.2%), precision (98.5%), Word Error Rate (WER) (0.131), Sign Error Rate (SER) (0.114), and Normalized Discounted Cumulative Gain (NDCG) (98%) as well. The proposed model has recorded the highest accuracy of 98.7%.

Abstract It is imperative to explore new biocompatible drugs with low toxicity for use in medicinal fields such as fighting tumors. Bovine lactoperoxidase (BLPO) stems from the most important enzymes in the bovine whey that provide a proper pattern for nano-formulation with nanomaterials. LPO is a suitable protein to be coated or adsorbed to alginate modified graphene oxide (GO-SA), which forms the modified GO-SA-LPO hybrid structure. This novel combination provides LPO stability with strong anticancer effects and boosts immunity response. The characterization results obtained from different techniques confirmed a successful LPO adsorption on the GO-SA composite surface. Moreover, nano-formulation of LPO with GO-SA composite exhibited a reduction in its size and overall charge. In addition, the experimental results showed greater LPO activity stability in the modified GO-SA-LPO nanocombination than free LPO after storage for 10 weeks at 4 °C. The in vitro study, a crucial step in the validation of our approach, demonstrated that the modified GO-SA-LPO nanocombination showed a potent anticancer selectivity toward colon cancer cell lines more than GO-SA composite or free form of LPO, which enhanced in a dose-dependent manner with high safety manner against normal cells. The apoptotic effect of this novel nanocombination was confirmed by the greatest variations in the expression of both well-known apoptosis genes (p53 and Bcl-2), severe changes in the cellular morphology, DNA fragmentation, and nuclear staining with fluorescence yellow and orange of the target cancer cells. Also, this superior efficacy of the modified GO-SA-LPO nanocombination was induced by suppressing some pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL-6), and necrosis factor-kappa B (NF-ĸB). Our observations presented that the modified nanocombination of LPO may offer a novel remedy for treating colon tumors via induced apoptosis pathway, inflammation reduction, and immune response improvement.

Abstract As a result of its high reactivity, furan-2(3H)-one derivative 2 can be selected as a versatile and suitable candidate for building of novel nitrogen heterocyclic compounds. Consequently, furan-2(3H)-one derivative 2 and some nitrogen nucleophiles were utilized as starting materials for the formation of new pyridazinone and pyrrolone derivatives bearing naphthalene moiety. The continuous buildup of insecticide resistance is the main obstacle facing pest control measures. Pyrrole-based insecticides are a favourable choice due to their unique mode of action and no cross-resistance with traditional neurotoxic insecticides. The larvicidal activities of pyrrolone derivatives were assessed against field and laboratory strains of Culex pipiens larvae in comparison with chlorfenapyr (pyrrole insecticide). Compounds 17 (21.05 µg/mL) > 9 (22.81 µg/mL) > 15 (24.39 µg/mL) > 10 (26.76 µg/mL) > 16 (32.09 µg/mL) were most effective against lab strain of C. pipiens larvae relative to chlorfenapyr (25.43 µg/mL). While in field strain, 17 and 15 were the most toxic compounds followed by 9 > 10 > 16 > 2 with LC50 of 9.87, 10.76, 11.52, 12.68, 15.32 and 18.37 µg/mL, respectively, compared with chlorfenapyr with 14.03 µg/mL. The cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase activities were significantly increased in treated larvae of lab and field strains relative to untreated. The great variations in toxicity of the synthesized compounds were interpreted by structure-activity relationship study. The pyrrolone derivatives are effective against field and insecticide-resistant strains. Therefore, they are considered promising compounds to be integrated into pest management programs.

Abstract Infections originating from pathogenic microorganisms can significantly impede the natural wound-healing process. To address this obstacle, innovative bio-active nanomaterials have been developed to enhance antibacterial capabilities. This study focuses on the preparation of nanocomposites from thermally reduced graphene oxide and zinc oxide (TRGO/ZnO). The hydrothermal method was employed to synthesize these nanocomposites, and their physicochemical properties were comprehensively characterized using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy, UV-vis, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) techniques. Subsequently, the potential of TRGO/ZnO nanocomposites as bio-active materials against wound infection-causing bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli, was evaluated. Furthermore, the investigated samples show disrupted bacterial biofilm formation. A reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay was conducted to investigate the mechanism of nanocomposite inhibition against bacteria and for further in-vivo determination of antimicrobial activity. The MTT assay was performed to ensure the safety and biocompatibility of nanocomposite. The results suggest that TRGO/ZnO nanocomposites have the potential to serve as effective bio-active nanomaterials for combating pathogenic microorganisms present in wounds.

Abstract PMMA/PEG and PMMA/PEG doped with SiO2, TiO2, and Al2O3 were fabricated using the solution-casting technique. The composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), which revealed that the amorphous nature of PMMA/PEG blend doped with Al2O3 was hindered by the crystalline nature of those doped with SiO2 and TiO2. The absorption of PMMA/PEG blend doped with Al2O3 is higher, band gap energies were decreased from 4.90 eV for PMMA/PEG blend to 4.03 eV, 3.09 eV, and 2.09 eV for SiO2, TiO2, and Al2O3 doped PMMA/PEG blend, respectively. The dielectric constant, ε′ has a high value (2 × 104) for samples PMMA/PEG and SiO2/PMMA/PEG. While dielectric loss $$\left( {\varepsilon ^{{\prime \prime }} } \right)$$ ε ″ -values decreased to

Abstract Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. It involves disturbances in carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism due to defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Novel therapeutic approaches are continuously being explored to enhance metabolic control and prevent complications associated with the disease. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of kaempherol-3-rhamnoside, a flavonoid, in managing diabetes by modulating the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway and improving metabolic enzyme activities in streptozotocin (STZ) -induced diabetic mice. Diabetic mice were treated with varying doses of kaempherol-3-rhamnoside and/or insulin over a 28-day period. Glycolytic and gluconeogenesis enzyme activities in the liver, fasting blood glucose levels, serum insulin levels, lipid profiles and oxidative stress markers were assessed. Treatment with kaempherol-3-rhamnoside significantly improved glycolytic enzyme activities, reduced fasting blood glucose, and enhanced insulin levels compared to diabetic controls. The compound also normalized lipid profiles and reduced oxidative stress in the liver, suggesting its potential in reversing diabetic dyslipidemia and oxidative damage. Furthermore, kaempherol-3-rhamnoside activated the AMPK pathway, indicating a mechanism through which it could exert its effects. Kaempherol-3-rhamnoside exhibits promising antidiabetic properties, potentially through AMPK pathway activation and metabolic enzyme modulation. These findings support its potential use as an adjunct therapy for diabetes management. Further clinical studies are warranted to validate these results in human subjects.

Abstract One of the most prevalent disorders of the urinary system is urinary tract infection, which is mostly brought on by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). The objective of this study was to evaluate the regenerative therapeutic and antibacterial efficacy of PRP for induced bacterial cystitis in dogs in comparison to conventional antibiotics. 25 healthy male mongrel dogs were divided into 5 groups (n = 5). Control negative group that received neither induced infection nor treatments. 20 dogs were randomized into 4 groups after two weeks of induction of UPEC cystitis into; Group 1 (control positive; G1) received weekly intravesicular instillation of sodium chloride 0.9%. Group 2 (syst/PRP; G2), treated with both systemic intramuscular antibiotic and weekly intravesicular instillation of PRP; Group 3 (PRP; G3), treated with weekly intravesicular instillation of PRP, and Group 4 (syst; G4) treated with an intramuscular systemic antibiotic. Animals were subjected to weekly clinical, ultrasonographic evaluation, urinary microbiological analysis, and redox status biomarkers estimation. Urinary matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2, MMP-9) and urinary gene expression for platelet-derived growth factor -B (PDGF-B), nerve growth factor (NGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were measured. At the end of the study, dogs were euthanized, and the bladder tissues were examined macroscopically, histologically, and immunohistochemically for NF-κB P65 and Cox-2. The PRP-treated group showed significant improvement for all the clinical, Doppler parameters, and the urinary redox status (p

Abstract Limited data exist on viral hepatitis among migrant populations. This study investigated the prevalence of current hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and lifetime hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among Qatar's migrant craft and manual workers (CMWs), constituting 60% of the country's population. Sera collected during a nationwide COVID-19 population-based cross-sectional survey on CMWs between July 26 and September 9, 2020, underwent testing for HBsAg and HCV antibodies. Reactive samples underwent confirmatory testing, and logistic regression analyses were employed to explore associations with HBV and HCV infections. Among 2528 specimens tested for HBV infection, 15 were reactive, with 8 subsequently confirmed positive. Three samples lacked sufficient sera for confirmatory testing but were included in the analysis through multiple imputations. Prevalence of current HBV infection was 0.4% (95% CI 0.2–0.7%). Educational attainment and occupation were significantly associated with current HBV infection. For HCV infection, out of 2607 specimens tested, 46 were reactive, and 23 were subsequently confirmed positive. Prevalence of lifetime HCV infection was 0.8% (95% CI 0.5–1.2%). Egyptians exhibited the highest prevalence at 6.5% (95% CI 3.1–13.1%), followed by Pakistanis at 3.1% (95% CI 1.1–8.0%). Nationality, geographic location, and occupation were significantly associated with lifetime HCV infection. HBV infection is relatively low among CMWs, while HCV infection falls within the intermediate range, both compared to global and regional levels.

Abstract Objectives Hypoxia is a known feature of sickle cell anaemia (SCA) which results from chronic anaemia and recurrent vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) which can cause tissue ischaemia that leads to an end organ damage. The hallmark of SCA is chronic anaemia and recurrent vaso-occlusive crisis. The aim of this study is to compare the oxygen saturation of sickle cell anaemic individuals with the normal haemoglobin type (Hb AA) control and also to determine the prevalence of hypoxemia among SCA. Results Two-hundred and twenty-two (136 Hb SS and 86 Hb AA) participated in the study. The mean ± SD of age (years), oxygen saturation (%) and pulse rate (bpm) of participants with sickle cell anaemia and Hb AA control were 21.85 ± 3.04 and 22.14 ± 3.18 (t = 0.701, p = 0.436), 95.21 ± 3.02 and 98.07 ± 0.81 (t=-8.598, p

Abstract Baltim Eastern and Northern gas fields in the offshore Nile Delta have very high gas condensate accumulations. Therefore, the present research evaluates Abu Madi and Qawasim Formations and defines the petrophysical parameters for them using various data from five wells composed of wireline logs (gamma-ray, density, neutron, sonic, resistivity), core data, pressure data, and cross-plots. In the current study, the formations of the main reservoirs were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively based on the petrophysical analysis to assess the production potential. Based on the lithological identification, the two main reservoirs (Abu Madi and Qawasim Formations) are composed of sandstone, calcareous shale, and siltstone. The main petrophysical parameters (Shale volume, effective porosity, net thickness, and fluid saturations) were mapped to track the areal petrophysical variations in the field. The results of the petrophysical analysis reveal that the main reservoirs are promising for the hydrocarbon potential with effective porosity of 18%, low shale content with an average value of about 21%, higher gas saturation of average value of nearly 58%, net reservoir thickness ranges from 25.5 to 131.5 m, net pay thickness (effective thickness) ranges from 6 to 61 m. Also, the conventional core analysis affirms that the main reservoirs are of good effective porosity with high horizontal and vertical permeability values. There is a good match between the well-log results and the pressure data with the production data (DST “perforation tests”). Baltim East (BE3) well has the most desired petrophysical characteristics in the Baltim East gas field, while, the Baltim North-1 (BN1) well showed the most favorable petrophysical parameters in the Baltim North gas field. Different fluid contacts (gas water contact GWC) were detected by integrating all reservoir pressures. The integration of different data in our present work (well logs, core measurements, and pressure data) could reduce the drilling risks and help to determine the best locations for future exploration and development, which is considered a big challenge in the petroleum industry.

Purpose: Sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) has been associated with male infertility and poor outcomes of assisted reproductive technology (ART). The purpose of this study was to investigate global practices related to the management of elevated SDF in infertile men, summarize the relevant professional society recommendations, and provide expert recommendations for managing this condition. Materials and Methods: An online global survey on clinical practices related to SDF was disseminated to reproductive clinicians, according to the CHERRIES checklist criteria. Management protocols for various conditions associated with SDF were captured and compared to the relevant recommendations in professional society guidelines and the appropriate available evidence. Expert recommendations and consensus on the management of infertile men with elevated SDF were then formulated and adapted using the Delphi method.Results: A total of 436 experts from 55 different countries submitted responses. As an initial approach, 79.1% of reproductive experts recommend lifestyle modifications for infertile men with elevated SDF, and 76.9% prescribe empiric antioxidants. Regarding antioxidant duration, 39.3% recommend 4–6 months and 38.1% recommend 3 months. For men with unexplained or idiopathic infertility, and couples experiencing recurrent miscarriages associated with elevated SDF, most respondents refer to ART 6 months after failure of conservative and empiric medical management. Infertile men with clinical varicocele, normal conventional semen parameters, and elevated SDF are offered varicocele repair immediately after diagnosis by 31.4%, and after failure of antioxidants and conservative measures by 40.9%. Sperm selection techniques and testicular sperm extraction are also management options for couples undergoing ART. For most questions, heterogenous practices were demonstrated. Conclusions: This paper presents the results of a large global survey on the management of infertile men with elevated SDF and reveals a lack of consensus among clinicians. Furthermore, it demonstrates the scarcity of professional society guidelines in this regard and attempts to highlight the relevant evidence. Expert recommendations are proposed to help guide clinicians.

Background: GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have been shown to improve glycemic control and insulin sensitivity and reduce body weight in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). This trial sought to evaluate the therapeutic effect of oral and subcutaneous semaglutide in NAFLD and its sequelae in obesity and/or T2D. Methods: In an open-labelled intervention study, the sample was 180 patients classified into three parallel groups (1:1:1): group I received oral semaglutide, group II patients received injectable semaglutide, and group III received pioglitazone and/or vitamin E. Patients were evaluated at 6 and 12 months. Results: There was a substantial improvement in lipid profile, liver enzymes, and body mass index, especially in group II. As for HDL, only group II showed a consistent increase at both 6 months (51 ± 4.62 mg/dL) and 12 months (50.08 ± 2.45 mg/dL) compared with baseline (45.6 ± 6.37 mg/dL) (p-value < 0.001). Despite the non-significant difference in NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) (p-value = 0.45 and 0.63), group II had significantly lower scores of the fibrosis-4 score (FIB-4), liver stiffness measurement (LSM), and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) at 6 and 12 months (p-value < 0.001). Conclusions: Semaglutide improves lipid profile, liver steatosis, and fibrosis parameters and reduces the BMI in T2D and obese patients with NAFLD.

Abstract In this study, we aimed to develop hybrid antitumor compounds by synthesizing and characterizing novel N-substituted acrididine-1,8-dione derivatives, designed as hybrids of phthalimide and acridine-1,8-diones. We employed a three-step synthetic strategy and characterized all compounds using IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and LC–MS. The cytotoxicity and antitumor activity of five compounds (8c, 8f, 8h, 8i, and 8L) against four cancer cell lines (H460, A431, A549, and MDA-MB-231) compared to human skin fibroblast cells were evaluated. Among the synthesized compounds, compound 8f showed promising activity against skin and lung cancers, with favorable IC50 values and selectivity index. The relative changes in mRNA expression levels of four key genes (p53, TOP2B, p38, and EGFR) in A431 cells treated with the five synthesized compounds (8c, 8f, 8h, 8i, and 8L) were also investigated. Additionally, molecular docking studies revealed that compound 8f exhibited high binding affinity with TOP2B, p38, p53, and EGFR, suggesting its potential as a targeted anticancer therapy. The results obtained indicate that N-substituted acrididine-1,8-dione derivatives have the potential to be developed as novel antitumor agents with a dual mechanism of action, and compound 8f is a promising candidate for further investigation.

Abstract Utilizing Glutaraldehyde crosslinked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-GA) hydrogel and its nanographene oxide composite (CMC-GA-GOx), an effective carboxymethyl cellulose-graphene oxide biobased composites adsorbent was developed for the adsorption removal of methylene blue (MB) cationic dye contaminate from industrial wastewater. The CMC-GA-GOx composites developed were characterized using FTIR, RAMAN, TGA, SEM, and EDX analysis instruments. Through batch experiments, several variables affecting the removal of MB dye, including the biocomposites GO:CMC composition, adsorption time, pH and temperature, initial MB concentration, adsorbent dosage, and NaCl concentration, were investigated under different conditions. The maximum dye removal percentages ranged between 93 and 98%. They were obtained using biocomposites CMC-GA-GO102 with 20% GO weight percent, adsorption time 25 min, adsorption temperature 25 °C, MB concentrations 10–30 ppm, adsorption pH 7.0, and 0.2 g adsorbent dose. The experimental data of the adsorption process suit the Langmuir isotherm more closely with a maximal monolayer adsorption capacity of 76.92 mg/g. The adsorption process followed the kinetic model of pseudo-second order. The removal of MB was exothermic and spontaneous from a thermodynamic standpoint. In addition, thermodynamic results demonstrated that adsorption operates most effectively at low temperatures. Finally, the reusability of the developed CMC-GA-GO102 has been proved through 10 successive cycles where only 14% of the MB dye removal percentage was lost. These results suggest that the developed CMC-GA-GO102 composite may be an inexpensive and reusable adsorbent for removing organic cationic dyes from industrial wastewater.

Abstract Designing and synthesis of cost-effective and improved methanol permeable and proton conductive membranes are the main challenges for preparation of polymeric electrolyte membrane (PEM). Herein, a cost-effective PEM membrane based on phosphorylated polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-grafted-cellulose acetate (CA) was prepared by a solution-casting technique. Water and methanol uptakes of phosphorylated PVA/CA membranes were characterized as function with the molar ratio of CA. Additionally, structure and morphology of phosphorylated PVA/CA (Ph-PVA/CA) membranes were verified by FT-IR analysis, SEM investigation. Furthermore, ion exchange capacity (IEC), proton conductivity and methanol permeation of Ph-PVA/CA membranes were examined based on the concentration of OPA basically. The results manifested a perceptible improvement in proton conductivity from 0.035 to 0.05 S/cm at 25 and 70 °C, respectively using 600 μL of OPA, and IEC of 2.1 meq/g using 400 μL of OPA at ambient temperature. On the other hand, methanol permeability (P = 1.08 × 10–10 cm2/s) was lower than Nafion 117 admirably. The optimum OPA concentration was 200 μL according to conductivity measurements (at 10% PVA, 150 μL GA, and CA 7%). Finally, prepared Ph-PVA/CA membranes exhibited enhancement in critical natures such as proton conductivity and IEC combined with its low-cost materials, which make them excellent candidate as PEM for DMFCs application.

Abstract Currently, magnesium alloys are widely utilized in diverse sectors due to their unique properties. However, the AZ61Mg alloy, a commonly used magnesium alloy, is known to have poor wear resistance, which limits its applications. To address this issue, researchers have investigated various surface treatment techniques, including the Abbott Firestone method, to improve the wear resistance of this alloy. This study employs response surface methodology (RSM) to examine the effects of pressure and velocity on wear behavior and Abbott Firestone zones of AZ61Mg alloy. Three pressure (0.01, 0.015, and 0.02 MPa) and velocity (0.57, 0.76, and 0.95 m/s) levels are used to conduct dry sliding wear tests at room temperature using a pin-on-disc method with an experimental design technique (EDT). Analysis of variance ANOVA is employed to identify the relationship between the input parameters (pressure and velocity) and the responses (wear rate, Surface Roughness Parameter Rz, and Abbott Firestone zones) of the AZ61Mg alloy. The optimized models for wear rate and Abbott Firestone zones yielded accurate estimations, which can enhance cost-effectiveness and efficiency. The findings indicate that pressure and velocity significantly affect the wear behavior of the AZ61Mg alloy.

Abstract Leucine-rich repeat containing 10 (LRRC10) is a cardiomyocyte-specific protein, but its role in cardiac biology is little understood. Recently Lrrc10 was identified as required for endogenous cardiac regeneration in zebrafish; however, whether LRRC10 plays a role in mammalian heart regeneration remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that Lrrc10 –/– knockout mice exhibit a loss of the neonatal mouse regenerative response, marked by reduced cardiomyocyte cytokinesis and increased cardiomyocyte binucleation. Interestingly, LRRC10 deletion disrupts the regenerative transcriptional landscape of the regenerating neonatal mouse heart. Remarkably, cardiac overexpression of LRRC10 restores cardiomyocyte cytokinesis, increases cardiomyocyte mononucleation, and the cardiac regenerative capacity of Lrrc10 –/– mice. Our results are consistent with a model in which LRRC10 is required for cardiomyocyte cytokinesis as well as regulation of the transcriptional landscape during mammalian heart regeneration.

Abstract Biomass waste streams are a possible feedstock for a range of eco-friendly products and a crucial alternative energy source for achieving carbon neutrality; therefore, the efficient management of biomass waste has taken on a greater significance in recent years. Due to its well-comparable physic-chemical properties with fossil diesel, biodiesel is a potential substitute for fossil fuel. This study aimed to synthesize biodiesel from the widely available non-edible seed oil of Sisymbrium irio L. (a member of the Brassicaceae family) via a transesterification procedure over a homemade TiO2 catalyst. At 1:16 oil to methanol ratio, 93% biodiesel yield was obtained over 20 mg catalyst at 60 °C and 60 min. The ASTM methods were used to analyze the fuel properties. The quantitative and qualitative analysis was performed by FT-IR, GC-MS, and NMR spectroscopy. GC-MS study confirms 16 different types of fatty acids of methyl esters. FT-IR analysis showed important peaks that confirm the successful occurrence of biodiesel. 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR showed important peaks for converting triglycerides into corresponding FAMEs. The acid value (0.42 mg KOH/mg/kg), flash point (106 °C), and water content (0.034) of biodiesel are below the specified limit of ASTM D6751 whereas kinetic viscosity (3.72 mm2/s), density (0.874 kg/L), cloud point (− 4.3 °C) and pour point (− 9.6 °C) and high heating value (41.62 MJ/kg) fall within the specified range of ASTM D6751 test limit. The Unsaturation degree and oxidative stability of biodiesel are above ASTM D6751 test limit. The physic-chemical properties of the SIB confirm that it is eco-friendly fuel and a competitive source for manufacturing biodiesel on a commercial scale. Furthermore, the SIB is engine friendly and has good fuel efficacy.

Purpose: Sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) testing was recently added to the sixth edition of the World Health Organization laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen. Many conditions and risk factors have been associated with elevated SDF; therefore, it is important to identify the population of infertile men who might benefit from this test. The purpose of this study was to investigate global practices related to indications for SDF testing, compare the relevant professional society guideline recommendations, and provide expert recommendations. Materials and Methods: Clinicians managing male infertility were invited to take part in a global online survey on SDF clinical practices. This was conducted following the CHERRIES checklist criteria. The responses were compared to professional society guideline recommendations related to SDF and the appropriate available evidence. Expert recommendations on indications for SDF testing were then formulated, and the Delphi method was used to reach consensus. Results: The survey was completed by 436 experts from 55 countries. Almost 75% of respondents test for SDF in all or some men with unexplained or idiopathic infertility, 39% order it routinely in the work-up of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), and 62.2% investigate SDF in smokers. While 47% of reproductive urologists test SDF to support the decision for varicocele repair surgery when conventional semen parameters are normal, significantly fewer general urologists (23%; p=0.008) do the same. Nearly 70% would assess SDF before assisted reproductive technologies (ART), either always or for certain conditions. Recurrent ART failure is a common indication for SDF testing. Very few society recommendations were found regarding SDF testing. Conclusions: This article presents the largest global survey on the indications for SDF testing in infertile men, and demonstrates diverse practices. Furthermore, it highlights the paucity of professional society guideline recommendations. Expert recommendations are proposed to help guide clinicians.

This study evaluates the impact of dietary supplementation of the blue-green alga Arthrospira platensis NIOF17/003 nanoparticles (AN) on the growth performance, whole-body biochemical compositions, blood biochemistry, steroid hormonal, and fry production efficiency of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) broodstock, during the spawning season. After a 21-day preparation period to equip the females and ensure that their ovaries were filled with eggs, mating between the mature females and males took place in a 3:1 ratio during a 14-day spawning cycle. A total of 384 tilapia broodstock 288 females and 96 males with an initial body weight of 450.53±0.75, were divided into four groups; AN0: a basal diet as a control group with no supplementation of Arthrospira platensis, and the other three groups (AN2, AN4, and AN6) were diets supplemented with nanoparticles of A. platensis at levels of 2, 4, and 6 g kg─1 diet, respectively. The results found that fish-fed group AN6 showed the highest significant differences in weight gain (WG), final weight (FW), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), and feed efficiency ratio (FER). Females fed the AN6 diet showed the highest significant fat content. Compared to the AN0 group, fish fed on the supplemented diets showed significant improvement (p < 0.05) in triglyceride, glucose, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). A gradual increase in AN inclusion level resulted in a gradual increase in the concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone, progesterone, and prolactin. The rates (%) of increase in fry production for females fed supplemented diets were 10.5, 18.6, and 32.2% for AN2, AN4, and AN6, respectively, compared to the control group. This work concluded that the inclusion levels of 6 g kg─1 of A. platensis nanoparticles in the diet of Nile tilapia broodstock significantly improved the growth performances, steroid hormone concentrations, and increased the fry production efficiency by 32.2%, respectively. These findings revealed that A. platensis nanoparticles resulted in a significantly enhanced female' reproductive productivity of Nile tilapia broodstock.

Abstract One of the most orthopedic problems seen in the equine is osteoarthritis (OA). The present study tracks some biochemical, epigenetic, and transcriptomic factors along different stages of monoiodoacetate (MIA) induced OA in donkeys in serum and synovial fluid. The aim of the study was the detection of sensitive noninvasive early biomarkers. OA was induced by a single intra-articular injection of 25 mg of MIA into the left radiocarpal joint of nine donkeys. Serum and synovial samples were taken at zero-day and different intervals for assessment of total GAGs and CS levels as well as miR-146b, miR-27b, TRAF-6, and COL10A1 gene expression. The results showed that the total GAGs and CS levels increased in different stages of OA. The level of expression of both miR-146b and miR-27b were upregulated as OA progressed and then downregulated at late stages. TRAF-6 gene was upregulated at the late stage while synovial fluid COL10A1 was over-expressed at the early stage of OA and then decreased at the late stages (P

Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are classified as high-risk infections that can lead to death, particularly among older individuals. Nowadays, plant nanoparticles such as glycyrrhizic acid are recognized as efficient bactericides against a wide range of bacterial strains. Recently, scientists have shown interest in plant extract nanoparticles, derived from natural sources, which can be synthesized into nanomaterials. Interestingly, glycyrrhizic acid is rich in antioxidants as well as antibacterial agents, and it exhibits no adverse effects on normal cells. In this study, glycyrrhizic acid nanoparticles (GA-NPs) were synthesized using the hydrothermal method and characterized through physicochemical techniques such as UV–visible spectrometry, DLS, zeta potential, and TEM. The antimicrobial activity of GA-NPs was investigated through various methods, including MIC assays, anti-biofilm activity assays, ATPase activity assays, and kill-time assays. The expression levels of mecA, mecR1, blaR1, and blaZ genes were measured by quantitative RT-qPCR. Additionally, the presence of the penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a) protein of S. aureus and MRSA was evaluated by a Western blot assay. The results emphasized the fabrication of GA nanoparticles in spherical shapes with a diameter in the range of 40–50 nm. The data show that GA nanoparticles exhibit great bactericidal effectiveness against S. aureus and MRSA. The treatment with GA-NPs remarkably reduces the expression levels of the mecA, mecR1, blaR1, and blaZ genes. PBP2a expression in MRSA was significantly reduced after treatment with GA-NPs. Overall, this study demonstrates that glycyrrhizic acid nanoparticles have potent antibacterial activity, particularly against MRSA. This research elucidates the inhibition mechanism of glycyrrhizic acid, which involves the suppressing of PBP2a expression. This work emphasizes the importance of utilizing plant nanoparticles as effective antimicrobial agents against a broad spectrum of bacteria.

Purpose: Varicocele is a common problem among infertile men. Varicocele repair (VR) is frequently performed to improve semen parameters and the chances of pregnancy. However, there is a lack of consensus about the diagnosis, indications for VR and its outcomes. The aim of this study was to explore global practice patterns on the management of varicocele in the context of male infertility. Materials and Methods: Sixty practicing urologists/andrologists from 23 countries contributed 382 multiple-choice-questions pertaining to varicocele management. These were condensed into an online questionnaire that was forwarded to clinicians involved in male infertility management through direct invitation. The results were analyzed for disagreement and agreement in practice patterns and, compared with the latest guidelines of international professional societies (American Urological Association [AUA], American Society for Reproductive Medicine [ASRM], and European Association of Urology [EAU]), and with evidence emerging from recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Additionally, an expert opinion on each topic was provided based on the consensus of 16 experts in the field. Results: The questionnaire was answered by 574 clinicians from 59 countries. The majority of respondents were urologists/ uro-andrologists. A wide diversity of opinion was seen in every aspect of varicocele diagnosis, indications for repair, choice of technique, management of sub-clinical varicocele and the role of VR in azoospermia. A significant proportion of the responses were at odds with the recommendations of AUA, ASRM, and EAU. A large number of clinical situations were identified where no guidelines are available. Conclusions: This study is the largest global survey performed to date on the clinical management of varicocele for male infertility. It demonstrates: 1) a wide disagreement in the approach to varicocele management, 2) large gaps in the clinical practice guidelines from professional societies, and 3) the need for further studies on several aspects of varicocele management in infertile men.

Abstract This research endeavored to boost the applicability of methanol in CI engines utilizing n-decanol as cosolvents. The work was split into binary phases. Firstly, the stabilities of pure methanol (M100) and hydrous-methanol (MH10), with diesel as a reference fuel, were examined applying various temperatures: 10 °C, 20 °C, and 30 °C. The findings showed that the M100-diesel and MH10-diesel combinations were unstable. Thus, n-decanol was utilized as a cosolvent. Following by the engine combustion and emissions characteristics were evaluated by manipulating three proportions of M100-diesel mixtures with n-decanol. Three mixtures comprised of 5, 10, and 15% M100 with 20% n-decanol, which are denoted as M5, M10, and M15, correspondingly. These combinations were assessed via thermogravimetric assessment, and their physicochemical properties were assessed corresponding to the ASTM. The maximum in-cylinder pressure, heat release rate, and pressure rise rate diminished by 10, 11, and 10%, respectively, for the M100/diesel/n-decanol combinations compared with the diesel oil. The brake thermal efficiency lowered by 10%, whereas the brake specific fuel consumption enlarged by 10% for the combinations compared with the diesel. NOx and smoke opacity levels diminished by about 30 and 50%, respectively, whereas the CO and UHC enlarged by about 50 and 60% for the blends compared with the diesel oil.

Abstract This study presents the synthesis and doping of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with synthesized porphyrin (5,15-bisdodecyl porphyrin, C12P) nanoparticles to fabricate reduced graphene oxide-porphyrin (rGO-P) nanocomposite as well as demonstrates their outstanding removal activity of azo dye and antimicrobial potential. The synthesized porphyrin, rGO, and rGO-P nanocomposites were characterised using SEM, HRTEM, Raman spectroscopy, XRD, 1H-NMR, mass spectrometry, and UV–Visible spectroscopy. The ability of the synthesized rGO-P nanocomposite was then investigated (as catalyst and/or adsorbent) to impact its removal efficacy against Congo red (CR) as a well-known toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic synthetic dye. The findings indicated that 0.01 g of rGO-P nanocomposite achieved 78.0% removal of CR at pH 3.0. Besides, the removal efficacy was evaluated while studying many aspects i.e. pH, CR initial concentration, and rGO-P nanocomposite amount. Moreover, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and zone of inhibition (ZOI) of antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria and yeast were evaluated. The antimicrobial results showed that rGO-P nanocomposite revealed the greatest antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus with ZOI values of 24.3, 21.8, and 22.1 mm, respectively. Consequently, it demonstrates the substantial potential of rGO-P nanocomposite in the effective removal of pollutant dyes as well as significant antibacterial and antifungal properties.

Abstract This paper presents a new phase-shift modulation for isolated dual active bridge (DAB) direct current–direct current (DC–DC) converter. The proposed technique aims to minimize the maximum current stress of the converter, which could directly increase the efficiency and reduce the device losses. This modulation technique controls the converter power through only two phase-shift angles or two degrees of freedom; one phase shift is used between the legs of its first bridge and the other one between the legs of the second bridge. Although the traditional single-phase shift (SPS) technique has only one degree of freedom, it suffers from many drawbacks in terms of high current stress and reverse circulating power flow, which decrease the converter efficiency. On the other hand, increasing the number of phase-shift angles can enhance the system performance but also increase the control complexity. Thus, a comparative analysis between the proposed modulation technique and the traditional SPS was conducted; the new method showed better performance in terms of current stress reduction, along with implementation simplicity.

Abstract The effects of applied pressure and running velocity on wear behavior as well as Abbott Firestone zones of low carbon steel (0.16C) were evaluated using response surface methodology (RSM). At room temperature, three different pressures (0.5, 1.5, and 2.5 MPa) and three different velocities (1.5, 2.25, and 3 m/s) were used to conduct dry sliding wear trials utilizing the pin-on-disc method according to the experimental design technique (EDT). The experiments were created using central composite design (CCD) as a starting point. The relationship between input factors (pressure and velocity) and responses (wear rate and Abbott Firestone zones) of 0.16C steel was demonstrated using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The best models for wear rate as well as Abbott Firestone zones produced accurate data that could be estimated, saving time and cost. The results revealed that pressure had the greatest impact on the alloy’s dry sliding wear behavior of the two variables studied. In general, the predicted result shows close agreement with experimental results and hence created models could be utilized for the prediction of wear behavior and Abbott Firestone zones satisfactorily.

Abstract High-grade calcium aluminate cement (CAC) has been successfully synthesized from municipal alumina waste and limestone under mild reaction conditions. Mineralogical composition and microstructure of the sintered mixes were investigated using X-ray diffraction and FESEM; valuable cementing phases such as CA, CA2, and C12A7 were observed in addition to the C3A phase that was detected in the mixes with high CaCO3 content. Mix CA60 containing 60 wt% alumina waste has achieved the best sinterability (less than 1 vol% porosity) and the highest densification (~ 2.65 g/cm3 bulk density) at 1450 °C. Densification, cold-crushing strength (CCS), and microstructure of the hydrated cement samples (From Mix CA60) were investigated. The cast cement specimens revealed better density and CCS characteristics (63.1 and 74 MPa at 7 and 28 days, respectively) in comparison with the commercial cement. Conventional castables (5 × 5 × 5 cm3) were prepared from mixtures composed of 15 wt% cement and 85 wt% aggregates (40% Al2O3), where CA60 and commercial cement were used to compare the effect of the manufactured CA60 cement with the commercial one. The castables prepared with CA60 cement have shown a higher strength at 110 °C with 4.5 MPa when compared to the commercial CAC at the same temperature (1.8 MPa). Accordingly, this study contributes not only to preserving the environment from the accumulation of industrial wastes but also to valorizing and adding value to these wastes.

Background: Forearm bone fracture is a commonly encountered fracture. The inception of locking compression plate (LCP) has revolutionized fracture management. With their dramatic success for articular fractures, there is a speculation that they might be more appropriate for diaphyseal fractures as well. Objective: To compare internal fixation of closed, middle third forearm fractures with LCP and limited contact dynamic compression plate (LC-DCP) in adults with respect to union rate, implant failure, functional outcome, and infection rate. Methods: Twenty-two patients with closed, middle third fractures of both the forearm bones were involved in this prospective, randomized, controlled study, which took place between February 2019 to January 2021. They were segregated into two groups based on open reduction and internal fixation with LCP (n=11) and with LC-DCP (n=11). Postoperative follow-up intervals of 1, 2, 6 weeks and 3, 6 months. The patients were assessed for implant failure, fracture union and function outcome of Andersons’ criteria to assess union, forearm rotation, and wrist flexion-extension, and disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) score for patient related outcome at the latest follow up. Results: The mean age of the patients was 30.9 years (range 19-47 years) with mean follow up about of 2 years. The union rate in LCP group was (100%) whereas in LC-DCP was (81.8%), the p value was (0.4), which is not statistically significant. The p value for Quick DASH score and Anderson’ criteria were (0.8 and 0.43), respectively which is also not statistically significant. No incidence of implant failure in both groups. Conclusion: Although LCP is an effective treatment alternative and may have a subtle edge over LC-DCP in the management of these fractures, their supremacy could not be certified. We deduce that surgical planning and expertise rather than the choice of implant are more pivotal for outstanding results. Keywords: Limited contact dynamic compression plate, locking compression plate, closed, middle third fractures, both bones of forearm Citation: Chhaily ZA, Joda AI, Abd Ali AS, Ali ZH. Is locked compression plate better than limited contact dynamic compression plate in treatment of closed middle third radius and ulnar fractures in adults: A short-term comparative study. Iraqi JMS. 2022; 20(1): 146-153. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.20.1.19

Abstract Di-indium tri-sulfuric (In2S3) thin films are fabricated with annealing indium thin films in a sulfur environment. The effect of both annealing temperature and pressure on the structure, morphology, Raman, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy has been studied. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) of the prepared thin films showed different structural phases and morphology with varying annealing temperature and pressure. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis confirmed the chemical composition and the atomic ratio of In/S for the In2S3 thin films. The optimum annealing conditions of In2S3 thin films are 550 °C and 100 Torr. The outcome results revealed a new good growth method for In2S3 thin films to be used for different applications.

Breast cancer is a deadly disease that affects countless women worldwide. The most conventional treatments for breast cancer, such as the administration of anticancer medications such as letrozole (LTZ), pose significant barriers due to the non-selective delivery and low bioavailability of cytotoxic drugs leading to serious adverse effects and multidrug resistance (MDR). Addressing these obstacles requires an innovative approach, and we propose a combined strategy that synergistically incorporates LTZ with berberine (BBR) into stabilised AuNPs coated with ascorbic acid (AA), known as LTZ-BBR@AA-AuNPs. The LTZ-BBR@AA-AuNPs, a novel combined drug delivery system, were carefully designed to maximise the entrapment of both LTZ and BBR. The resulting spherical nanoparticles exhibited remarkable efficiency in trapping these two compounds, with rates of 58% and 54%, respectively. In particular, the average hydrodynamic diameter of these nanoparticles was determined to be 81.23 ± 4.0 nm with a PDI value of only 0.286, indicating excellent uniformity between them. Furthermore, their zeta potential was observed to be −14.5 mV, suggesting high stability even under physiological conditions. The release profiles showed that after being incubated for about 24 h at pH levels ranging from acidic (pH = 5) to basic (pH = 7), the percentage released for both drugs ranged from 56–72%. This sustained and controlled drug release can reduce any negative side effects while improving therapeutic efficacy when administered directly to cancer. MDA-MB-231 cells treated with LTZ-BBR@AA-AuNPs for 48 h exhibited IC50 values of 2.04 ± 0.011 μg/mL, indicating potent cytotoxicity against cells. Furthermore, the nanoparticles demonstrated excellent stability throughout the duration of the treatment.

The objective of this study was to develop an innovative gallic-acid (GA) drug delivery system that could be administered transdermally, resulting in enhanced therapeutic benefits and minimal negative consequences. The method employed involved the preparation of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles loaded with GA through nanoprecipitation-denoted GA@PLGANPs. The results reveal that this strategy led to perfectly spherical, homogeneous, and negatively charged particles, which are suitable for administration via skin patches or ointments. A further analysis indicates that these GA@PLGANPs exhibit remarkable antioxidant activity as well as potent antibacterial effects against a diverse range of microorganisms, making them ideal candidates for numerous applications. Additionally, it has been observed that these nanoparticles can effectively mitigate oxidative stress while also significantly inhibiting microbial growth by exerting detrimental effects on bacterial cell walls or membranes. In conclusion, on the basis of the findings presented in this study, there is strong evidence supporting the potential use of GA@PLGANPs as an effective therapy option with reduced side effects compared to conventional drug delivery methods.

This study is aimed at investigating the relationship between treatment modality, glycemic control and blood homeostasis as represented by prothrombin time (PT) and activated thromboplastin time (APTT) in T2DM patients. Sixty-four type 2 diabetic patients (40 males and 24 females) on metformin or insulin or both for not less than six months of ages between 20 and 75 years were selected during their visit to Diabetes Endocrine and Metabolism Centers in two General Hospitals in Basra. Socioeconomic characteristics and treatment plans were recorded. Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profiles and hematological parameters measured in blood samples were taken. Lower mean HbA1c (p = 0.0383) was found in patients on metformin alone, higher percentage of hemoglobin was found in patients on insulin treatment, and higher levels of LDL (P = 0.0018) and HDL (P = 0.0241) in patients on metformin and insulin. Treatment manner had no effect on mean PT or APTT, however, there was a significant inverse correlation of PT with LDL (P = 0.0042), and a direct correlation of APTT with HbA1c (p = 0.0209) and an inverse correlation of APTT with platelets count (P = 0.0324) in patients on insulin treatment. In addition, there was a significant direct correlation of APTT with triglycerides (TG) (P = 0.0069) in patients on metformin treatment. In conclusion, lower mean of HbA1c was found only in patients receiving metformin drug alone, higher Hb percentage were found in patients treated with insulin alone, higher LDL and higher HDL levels were found in patients treated with both metformin and insulin for at least six months. Treatment manner had no effect on mean PT or APTT and further studies are needed to bring about understanding of diabetic control and blood homeostasis.

Abstract Background & Objective Medical schools have evolved toward competency-based education and active learner-centered strategies. Medical informatics course was introduced in 2011 in the 3rd year at the College of Medicine (CoM), King Saud University (KSU), to enhance future medical graduates with technological and information competencies. Modified team-based learning and blended learning were emphasized using face-to-face lectures, various e-learning technologies, workshop and seminars. The current study’s main objective was to assess students’ perceptions towards blended and modified team-based learning at the CoM in KSU. Methods A survey was distributed to medical students in three consecutive years: 2017–2019. The survey contains items regarding student perception of various types of blended learning techniques applied in the course. The survey was administered using i-Clicker; an interactive device that enables students to answer survey questions. Descriptive statistics were used to examine the perception of students on these blended learning dimensions investigated. Results Seven-hundred and one student responded to the questionnaire (male; 69.5%, female 30.5%). Out of which, 59.1% of students found team interactions positively supported discussions and asked questions freely, and 48.1% expressed that working in groups facilitated their learning process. However, 56.0% of students chose face-to-face lectures as the most preferred class activities followed by discussion 23.8%. More than 78% of participants agree that online quizzes are good experience and enjoyable. Grade center where students can check for marks and attendance also received high perception (66.3%). Conclusion Introducing modified team-based and blended-learning are considered challenging, and therefore, investigating their perceptions can provide useful insights into how these methods could be used more effectively. The blended-learning technique is highly essential in teaching medical informatics to overcome challenges faced due to a large number of students and the need for various exposures to reach the course’s learning goals. Moreover, it is noticed that students were engaged in face-to-face and online activities, furthermore, modified team-based learning reported facilitating learning and asking questions without embarrassment.

Abstract Water scarcity is now a serious global issue resulting from population growth, water decrease, and pollution. Traditional wastewater treatment plants are insufficient and cannot meet the basic standards of water quality at reasonable cost or processing time. In this paper we report the preparation, characterization and multiple applications of an efficient photocatalytic nanocomposite (CoxNi1−xFe2O4; x = 0.9/SiO2/TiO2/C-dots) synthesized by a layer-by-layer method. Then, the photocatalytic capabilities of the synthesized nanocomposite were extensively-studied against aqueous solutions of chloramine-T trihydrate. In addition, reaction kinetics, degradation mechanism and various parameters affecting the photocatalytic efficiency (nanocomposite dose, chloramine-T initial concentration, and reaction pH) were analyzed in detail. Further, the antimicrobial activities of the prepared nanocomposite were tested and the effect of UV-activation on the antimicrobial abilities of the prepared nanocomposite was analyzed. Finally, a comparison between the antimicrobial abilities of the current nanocomposite and our previously-reported nanocomposite (CoxNi1−xFe2O4; x = 0.9/SiO2/TiO2) had been carried out. Our results revealed that the prepared nanocomposite possessed a high degree of crystallinity, confirmed by XRD, while UV–Vis. recorded an absorption peak at 299 nm. In addition, the prepared nanocomposite possessed BET-surface area of (28.29 ± 0.19 m2/g) with narrow pore size distribution. Moreover, it had semi-spherical morphology, high-purity and an average particle size of (19.0 nm). The photocatalytic degradation efficiency was inversely-proportional to chloramine-T initial concentration and directly proportional to the photocatalyst dose. In addition, basic medium (pH 9) was the best suited for chloramine-T degradation. Moreover, UV-irradiation improved the antimicrobial abilities of the prepared nanocomposite against E. coli, B. cereus, and C. tropicalis after 60 min. The observed antimicrobial abilities (high ZOI, low MIC and more efficient antibiofilm capabilities) were unique compared to our previously-reported nanocomposite. Our work offers significant insights into more efficient water treatment and fosters the ongoing efforts looking at how pollutants degrade the water supply and the disinfection of water-borne pathogenic microorganisms.

Introduction: The impact of prostate zonal volume on erectile function and penile Doppler parameters is not yet settled. Aim: To assess the association between prostate zonal volume and erectile dysfunction in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study included 70 men (aged ≥ 40 years). Of them, 60 patients were assigned to 3 study groups (n = 20/each): group (A) patients who had lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTSs) and erectile dysfunction (ED), group (B) patients who had LUTSs with no ED, group (C) patients who had ED with no LUTS, and other 10 age-matched patients who had no LUTS or ED acted as a control group (D). All patients were subjected to detailed medical and sexual history. International prostate symptom score (IPSS) was used to assess LUTSs, and international index of erectile function (IIEF) was used to assess ED. Main Outcome Measure: Transrectal ultrasound and penile Doppler ultrasound were used to assess zonal anatomy of the prostate and the vascular pattern of erection. Results: There was a significant difference in IPSS between group A (26) and B (19) (P

Abstract A foregut duplication cyst occurring together with both a congenital cystic pulmonary airway malformation and extralobar pulmonary sequestration is an unusual combination. Prenatal ultrasound, MRI, and postnatal CT are helpful for operative planning. Surgical resection is the definitive management for all three anomalies.

Objective: To test the effects of extenders and packaging methods on morphological and functional characteristics of frozen thawed Ossimi ram semen. Methods: Ram semen was pooled, diluted in 3 different extenders: Tris-egg yolk (TEY), Tris-soybean lecithin (TSBL), and Tris- butylatedhydroxytoluene (TBHT), equilibrated at 5 °C for 4 h, and packaged in straws or pellets for freezing. Semen was evaluated for sperm progressive motility, viability, abnormality, and membrane integrity after dilution, equilibration and thawing. The percentages of viable, early apoptotic, apoptotic, and necrotic spermatozoa as well as comet assay parameters were determined in post-thawed semen. Total antioxidants capacity, malondialdehyde and lactic dehydrogenase were assayed in thawed seminal plasma. Results: After equilibration, only sperm membrane integrity was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in TEY and TSBL than in TBHT. After thawing, TEY or TSBL in straws significantly improved sperm progressive motility and vitality (P < 0.05). In thawed seminal plasma, TBHT or TSBL in straws and TBHT in pellets significantly reduced malondialdehyde, and TBHT in pellets significantly increased lactic dehydrogenase (P < 0.05). TEY in straws increased viable sperm, while significantly decreased early apoptotic and apoptotic sperm (P < 0.05). DNA damage was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in straws with TEY and TSBL, and tail moment decreased in straws with all extenders (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Despite the disadvantages of dilution of cryopreserved semen with egg yolk, ram semen cryopreserved with TEY gives the best physical, morphological and functional characteristics in straws compared with pellets, followed by semen diluted with TSBL. However, semen diluted with TBHT or TSBL, regardless of packaging method, showed the highest impact on antioxidant status of cyopreserved ram semen.

De novo renal allograft tumors were reported sporadically. Most of them were small, low-grade, and papillary renal cell carcinoma (RCC) type. A 46-year-old male presented with hematuria three decades after the first transplant. The patient had a history of three renal transplants. A tumor (12 cm × 13 cm) was diagnosed in the nonfunctioning first transplanted kidney. Radical nephrectomy of the graft harboring the tumor with preservation of the adjacent functioning graft was done and identified to be chromophobe RCC. After two-year follow-up, the patients had a perfect graft function with no evidence of oncological failure. We suggest that allograft tumor be considered in patient evaluation for hematuria. Regular follow-up imaging of transplanted kidney is mandatory even after graft failure for early detection of graft tumors.

Priapism is considered a rare disorder and even more rare when it occurs as a complication of COVID-19. To the best of our knowledge, only eight studies have reported priapism as a complication of COVID-19. Here, we report the case of a 66-year-old male with COVID-19 who presented with neglected priapism for three days. On local examination, penile erection was apparent in association with blackened areas on the glans penis extending to the midpenile shaft denoting penile gangrene. A clear line of demarcation was noticed at the midpenile shaft. Penile duplex was performed, showing no blood flow in both cavernosal arteries. Penile aspiration was performed, and the cavernosal blood sample showed evidence of ischemic priapism. Given the presence of penile gangrene extending to the midshaft of the penis and the poor general condition of the patient, the decision was made to perform partial penectomy and suprapubic tube placement. We recommend the establishment of a guideline for the diagnosis and prevention of thrombotic diseases in patients with COVID-19 infection as there is increasing evidence of COVID-19-related thrombotic manifestations.