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Visual search is faster when a fixed target location is paired with a spatially invariant (vs. randomly changing) distractor configuration, thus indicating that repeated contexts are learned, thereby guiding attention to the target (contextual cueing [CC]). Evidence for memory-guided attention has also been revealed with electrophysiological (electroencephalographic [EEG]) recordings, starting with an enhanced early posterior negativity (N1pc), which signals a preattentive bias toward the target, and, subsequently, attentional and postselective components, such as the posterior contralateral negativity (PCN) and contralateral delay activity (CDA), respectively. Despite effective learning, relearning of previously acquired contexts is inflexible: The CC benefits disappear when the target is relocated to a new position within an otherwise invariant context and corresponding EEG correlates are diminished. The present study tested whether global statistical properties that induce predictions going beyond the immediate invariant layout can facilitate contextual relearning. Global statistical regularities were implemented by presenting repeated and nonrepeated displays in separate streaks (mini blocks) of trials in the relocation phase, with individual displays being presented in a fixed and thus predictable order. Our results revealed a significant CC effect (and an associated modulation of the N1pc, PCN, and CDA components) during initial learning. Critically, the global statistical regularities in the relocation phase also resulted in a reliable CC effect, thus revealing effective relearning with predictive streaks. Moreover, this relearning was reflected in an enhanced PCN amplitude for repeated relative to nonrepeated contexts. Temporally ordered contexts may thus adapt memory-based guidance of attention, particularly the allocation of covert attention in the visual display.

Aim. To evaluate the influence of biological and socio-political emergencies on the safety of healthcare staff members. Materials and methods. The study used bibliosemantic, statistical, and mathematical methods, analyzing official statistical data on the healthcare system state in Ukraine. Results. While performing their functions in healthcare facilities, medical workers are exposed to the risk of negative effects from biological, psychophysiological, chemical, physical, and social harmful and hazardous factors. Adverse occupational factors in hospital environments exert a complex, combined, or concurrent effect, and its impact intensity can be enormously increased in various types of emergency situations. During the COVID-19 pandemic, a steep increase in occupational injuries in the national healthcare (in fact, by 30 times) has been documented, including due to the registration of acute infectious diseases among medical personnel at the workplace. Similar trends are also evidenced in indicators of lethal injuries, professional and occupationally induced morbidity. Furthermore, Ukraine has faced overlapping emergency situations of socio-political terms, caused by the full-scale aggression of the Russian Federation, and medical-biological problems caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, significantly complicating the state of affairs. According to official data, only in the first year of the full-scale invasion of Ukraine, about 1500 healthcare facilities were damaged, 106 medical workers died, including 33 at their workplace. Conclusions. The resilience of healthcare facilities to various types of emergency situations is an extremely important component of ensuring the hospital environment safety and, as practice shows, requires improvement. There is an urgent need to develop clear response algorithms for healthcare facilities to cope with emergency situations that could influence them. Reinforcing a safety culture in the national medical sector could become the goal and foundation for future strategies to create a safe hospital environment by improving and enhancing the safety culture.

Вступ. Відомо, що застосування пестицидів може мати негативні наслідки для здоров’я працівників, і це вимагає проведення оцінки професійного ризику для працівників сільськогосподарської галузі. Проблема оцінки ризику шкідливого впливу пестицидів на людину залишається надзвичайно актуальною і потребує постійного регулювання та імплементації в роботу охорони здоров’я. Мета: гігієнічна оцінка умов праці та професійного ризику для осіб, задіяних при застосуванні гербіцидів на основі речовин класу хлорацетамідів (S-метолахлору, метазахлору, диметенаміду-П) в агропромисловому секторі України для обґрунтування медико-санітарних нормативів їх безпечного використання. Матеріали та методи. Натурні дослідження умов праці та оцінку професійного ризику проводили згідно чинного законодавства України. Досліджено вміст сполук класу хлорацетамідів (S-метолахлору, метазахлору, диметенаміду-П) в повітрі робочої зони, зоні зносу, змивах і нашивках на спецодязі та в ґрунті за допомогою хроматографічних методів. Статистичну обробку результатів проводили з використанням програм MedStat v.5.2 (Copyright© 2003-2019) та Microsoft® Excel® для Microsoft 365 MSO (версія 2305 збірка 16.0.16501.20074). Результати. Аналіз результатів обчислень величин професійного ризику досліджуваних гербіцидів показав, що у всіх випадках він є допустимим (менше 1). Було виявлено достовірне розходження ризиків інгаляційного та дермального впливу між заправниками та трактористами 0,1195±0,01883 (95% ДІ: 0,0072-0,1434) та 0,0608±0,06307 у.о. (95% ДІ: 0,0308-0,1022) і 0,239±0,03721 (95% ДІ: 0,0287-0,2868) та 0,0458±0,03335 у.о. (95% ДІ: 0,0229-0,2445), відповідно: у трактористів інгаляційний ризик був достовірно вищим (тенденції центральних значень відрізняються на рівні значимості р

The aim. To establish the norms of fungicides on the skin surface and predicting the risk of occupational skin pathology in agricultural workers to develop measures to prevent diseases caused by dermal exposure to pesticides. Materials and methods. The natural experiment was performed in accordance with modern requirements (European Food Safety Authority (2022), and the risk assessment was carried out according to the Recommendations (Approved by the Ministry of Health of Ukraine No. 324 issued on 13.05.2009) with different methods of spraying techniques: rod, air blast fan spraying, pre-sowing, aviation, knapsack treatment. 17 series of natural experiments were performed, and the air of the working zone area (n =56) and dermal exposure (n =56) were analyzed for each worker with different pesticide application methods. Quantitative determination of pesticide content was carried out by gas-liquid and high-performance liquid chromatography methods. The results were statistically processed using a package of licensed statistical programs MedStat v.5.2 (Copyright © 2003-2019) and Microsoft® Excel® for Microsoft 365 MSO. Results. It was established that there is pesticide contamination, mainly of the gloves of tank filling operators when preparing working solutions. No contamination of the skin surface was detected; only pesticide residues were present on the surface of the workers’ overalls. A comparison of the exposure dose in case of percutaneous exposure during the performance of technological operations with different methods of processing, dermal equivalents of Acceptable Operator Exposure Level of pesticide to workers’ skin (DE AOEL) and the allowable dermal dose for professional contingents (ADderm) and the hazard coefficients by dermal exposure (HCderm) showed that that dermal exposure during individual technological operations with different processing methods had a reliable difference between processing methods, but there is no difference within one application method. Conclusions. During the comparison of the hazard coefficients for dermal exposure, calculated according to different models, no significant difference was found between the risks calculated according to DE AOEL and ADderm for individual technological operations in various treatment methods, except for the operator who performed knapsack treatment and the risk calculated according to ADderm is significantly lower compared to the DE AOEL risk.

In order to address safety concerns related to the acquisition and utilization of TiO2 and TiO2@Ag nanomaterials, as well as to investigate their disinfectant and biological effects, the structural-morphological, morpho­metry, toxicological, cytotoxic, and virucidal properties of these specified nanomaterials have been studied through experiments conducted on laboratory animals and in vitro. It has been demonstrated that the TiO2@Ag nanocomposite exhibited distinct physicochemical characteristics: it consisted of TiO2 nanoparticles ranging in size from 13 nm to 20 nm and Ag nanoparticles ranging from 35 nm to 40 nm with 4.0 wt% of silver localized on the surface of titanium dioxide. The purity of the modification of synthesized nano-TiO2 and nano-TiO2@Ag has been confirmed. Acute intraperitoneal administration of nanopowders revealed LD50 values of 4783.30 mg/kg for nano-TiO2 and 724.44 mg/kg for nano-TiO2@Ag. A slight accumulation was observed upon repeated (28-fold) intragastric administration of nano-TiO2. The cumulative dose administered, which equated to 15.9 multiples of the LD50 (76040 mg/kg), did not result in animal mortality but led to retardation in body weight gain. TiO2 and TiO2@Ag nanopowders do not irritate the skin, induce mild conjunctival irritation, and may exhibit a weak sensitizing effect. Nano-TiO2 and nano-TiO2@Ag powders accumulate in the tissues of internal organs and cause damage to the liver, kidneys, and lungs of laboratory animals upon intraperitoneal administration. The most characteristic morphological signs of the toxic effect of nano-TiO2 on liver tissue were observed at a level of 67.7% (cytoplasmic vacuolization in hepatocytes), while in the case of nano-TiO2@Ag initial necrotic changes were at a level of 70.0% (hepatocytes with pyknotic nuclei). Immunoassay analysis has demonstrated that TiO2@Ag and TiO2 nanomaterials at concentrations of 30 µg/ml can enhance the functional activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro by increasing the production of cytokines IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-4 in donors (p

Introduction. WHO widely draws the attention of the world community to safety culture as an effective basis for ensuring safety in the hospital environment. However, WHO warns that "changing culture is more difficult than introducing new structural and organizational mechanisms". Therefore, systems for assessing patient safety culture in hospitals are widely used in many countries today. The aim of the study. To analyze and compare the dynamics of patient safety culture in Ukraine and the USA healthcare facilities. Materials and methods. The study utilized bibliographic, statistical, and sociological research methods. The research material consisted of a questionnaire survey of medical personnel on patient safety culture in 2016 (163 surveys from 3 healthcare facilities) and a questionnaire survey conducted in 2023 (174 surveys from 4 healthcare facilities). Results of patient safety culture monitoring in US hospitals for 2014 and 2021 were used for comparison. The survey of medical personnel was conducted using the AHRQ leadership questionnaire. Results. The percentage of positive responses for 5 out of the 12 characteristics of patient safety culture that we investigated in domestic healthcare facilities in 2023 was significantly lower than in 2016. The main reason for this negative trend in patient safety culture within domestic healthcare facilities can be attributed to the COVID-19 pandemic and Russia's military aggression, but the primary cause lies in the absence of a comprehensive strategy for improving this culture. Over the past 8 years, the proportion of respondents willing to disclose errors in their professional activities, as well as the mistakes of their colleagues and other incidents, without fearing that their mistakes and incident reports will harm them, has remained largely unchanged. The slight trend toward improvement in patient safety culture indicators in US hospitals, despite significant attention to it, indicates the challenges we face in the journey towards forming a positive safety culture. Conclusions. The prevailing reactive safety culture in domestic healthcare, along with the lack of positive changes, hinders the implementation of modern safety strategies in the medical field. The data from our own research and scientific literature highlight the urgent need for in-depth examination of the state of patient safety culture in domestic healthcare facilities and the development of a methodological framework adapted to international standards for evaluating safety culture in medical institutions. The formation of a positive national culture in general, and safety culture within healthcare facilities in particular, should be regarded as a crucial prerequisite for the post-war reconstruction of the country and its integration into the civilized, economically developed global community.

The study of individual characteristics of the patient safety culture was conducted in various Ukrainian health care facilities using the questionnaire of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's (AHRQ). The characteristics of the patient safety culture were analyzed by taking into account the length of service, membership of respondent to medical or nursing staff, and the profile of therapeutic or surgical activity. The essential professional qualities of patient safety specialists and the categories of persons who are the most suitable candidates for the training of patient safety specialists were defined. It was noted that training specialists to ensure patients safety, taking into account professionally essential qualities, becomes especially relevant in connection with the transition from the culture of blaming individuals for mistakes to the practice of a fair culture, in which mistakes are not considered as a personal oversight, but as an opportunity to improve the system and prevent future harm. It was found that the nursing staff rated patient safety on wards lower than in hospital. A greater risk of adverse event reporting was found for surgical workers and a reduced risk of adverse event reporting for workers with 21 years of experience or more compared to workers with five years of experience or less. Based on the conducted research, it was concluded that the most suitable candidates for training patient safety specialists would be surgeons with 5 years of experience, who are critical as for patient safety in their units and prone to disclose adverse events.

The main aim of this study was to validate 500 true-false general-knowledge questions in Russian. These norms are valuable to researchers in many fields, as is shown by the impact and relevance of similar norms available in other languages. Although the Russian language is widely spoken, there are no norms available in this language for this type of questions. True-false questions are very useful for measuring semantic memory, among other topics, in neurocognitive studies where there is a trade-off between experimental time and the need for many trials. These types of experimental materials are heavily rooted in cultural background knowledge, making the mere translation from one language to another insufficient. The present research aims to fill this gap. One hundred fifty-five participants answered 500 true-false general knowledge questions split over several consecutive days and three topics: Social Sciences, Natural Sciences, and Culture & Sport. The participants' task was to indicate whether the statements were true or not, as well as the confidence they had in the correctness of their answer. Despite obtaining questions on each of the topics covering all difficulty levels, grouped analyses showed that Social Science's accuracy was higher than for Natural Science's or Culture & Sport questions. In relation to confidence, the grouped perceived difficulty was higher for questions about Culture & Sports when compared with the other two topics. Thus, this study reports and makes available a large pool of Russian true-false general knowledge questions covering different levels of difficulty.

Abstract We present an apparatus for attosecond transient-absorption spectroscopy (ATAS) featuring soft-X-ray (SXR) supercontinua that extend beyond 450 eV. This instrument combines an attosecond table-top high-harmonic light source with mid-infrared (mid-IR) pulses, both driven by 1.7–1.9 mJ, sub-11 fs pulses centered at 1.76 $$\upmu$$ μ m. A remarkably low timing jitter of $$\sim$$ ∼ 20 as is achieved through active stabilization of the pump and probe arms of the instrument. A temporal resolution of better than 400 as is demonstrated through ATAS measurements at the argon L $$_{2,3}$$ 2 , 3 -edges. A spectral resolving power of 1490 is demonstrated through simultaneous absorption measurements at the sulfur L $$_{2,3}$$ 2 , 3 - and carbon K-edges of OCS. Coupled with its high SXR photon flux, this instrument paves the way to attosecond time-resolved spectroscopy of organic molecules in the gas phase or in aqueous solutions, as well as thin films of advanced materials. Such measurements will advance the studies of complex systems to the electronic time scale.

Background/Aim: There is a need of investigation of high frequency of the cases of ABO discrepancy revealed by forward and reverse typing. The aim of the study was to reveal optimal methods for detection of weak subgroups of group A and B antigens on erythrocytes. Methods: Sixteen persons with A blood group and anti-B antibody adsorbing ability (weak Bel, Bm and B3 antigens), 5 persons with B blood group and anti-A antibody adsorbing ability (weak Ax antigen) and 2 persons with O blood group and anti-B antibody adsorbing ability (weak Bel antigen) were investigated as the cases of type II-III of ABO discrepancy and weak B antigen. Liquid chromatography, agglutination, inhibition of agglutination and adsorption reactions at 4 °C and 37 °C with prolonged incubation (12 hours) were used in the study. Results: The persons with A blood group revealed by forward typing at 4 °C and O blood group detected by reverse typing at 37 °C showed the ability of the erythrocytes to adsorb anti-B antibody. The persons with B blood group revealed by forward typing with presence of anti-B antibodies reactive at 37 °C showed the ability of erythrocytes to adsorb anti-A antibody. Prolonged incubation at reverse typing, adsorption-elution tests, inhibition of haemagglutination and liquid chromatography were used to define blood group specificity. Conclusion: Prolonged incubation during reverse typing at 4 °C and 37 °C, adsorption at 4 °C, heat elution and liquid chromatography might help to detect blood group type in cases of type II-III of ABO discrepancy.

Abstract Large topologically associated domains (TADs) contain irregularly spaced nucleosome clutches, and interactions between such clutches are thought to aid the compaction of these domains. Here, we reconstituted TAD-sized chromatin fibers containing hundreds of nucleosomes on native source human and lambda-phage DNA and compared their mechanical properties at the single-molecule level with shorter ‘601’ arrays with various nucleosome repeat lengths. Fluorescent imaging showed increased compaction upon saturation of the DNA with histones and increasing magnesium concentration. Nucleosome clusters and their structural fluctuations were visualized in confined nanochannels. Force spectroscopy revealed not only similar mechanical properties of the TAD-sized fibers as shorter fibers but also large rupture events, consistent with breaking the interactions between distant clutches of nucleosomes. Though the arrays of native human DNA, lambda-phage and ‘601’ DNA featured minor differences in reconstitution yield and nucleosome stability, the fibers’ global structural and mechanical properties were similar, including the interactions between nucleosome clutches. These single-molecule experiments quantify the mechanical forces that stabilize large TAD-sized chromatin domains consisting of disordered, dynamically interacting nucleosome clutches and their effect on the condensation of large chromatin domains.

Despite the achieved success in the treatment of neonatal hydrocephalus, the task of restoring circulation, outflow, and absorption of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) remains urgent.The aim of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of ventriculosubarachnoid drainage in compensating hydrocephalus without shunt implantation.Materials and methods. We collected and studied clinical material for the period from 2000 to 2018 according to the data of the Republic of Crimea. We identified groups of premature (n = 184) and full-term (n = 107) infants who underwent standard treatment with lumbar puncture, subgaleal drainage, and ventriculoperitoneal shunting (VPS). In case of ventricular occlusion in 143 premature and 46 full-term infants, at the initial stage of treatment, the option of coronary – lambdoid subarachnoid ventriculostomy (RF Patent No. 2715535) in combination with lumbar punctures was included. With progression of hydrocephalus, ventriculosubarachnoid stenting (RF Patent No. 2721455) with subgaleal drainage was considered as an option.Results. The inclusion of the proposed options made it possible to increase the rate of hydrocephalus compensation without VPS to 75.5% in premature infants and to 80.4% in full-term infants versus 28.3% and 20.6%, respectively, according to the standard protocol (p < 0.001). In other cases, the imbalance between CSF production and absorption persisted, which required integration of a stent with a peritoneal part of the shunt, without replacing the system.Conclusion. The obtained result allows to consider the inclusion of the proposed options in the modern treatment algorithm for neonatal hydrocephalus.

Purpose of the study. Analysis of the effectiveness of cryoprecipitate – antienzymatic with common soft tissue phlegmon and sepsis.Patients and methods. To achieve the intended goal, a study of the results of treatment of 92 patients with a diagnosis of advanced soft tissue phlegmon and sepsis was performed. All patients underwent a comprehensive diagnostic study with an in-depth study of the indicators of the hemostasis system. For a comparative assessment, 2 groups of patients were identified. Group 1 (46 (50 %) patients – the main one) – received cryoprecipitate-antienzymatic therapy as part of complex treatment, group 2 (46 (50 %) patients – comparisons) – received only the generally accepted basic treatment.Results. An in-depth study of the hemostasis system in patients with widespread soft tissue phlegmon and sepsis indicated the development of thrombohemorrhagic syndrome, which was manifested by depletion of both the coagulation and anticoagulation systems of the blood, a drop in AT III, an increase in thrombinemia and fibrinolysis depression. In order to correct thrombohemorrhagic syndrome, a cryoprecipitate-antienzymatic complex was included in the complex treatment of patients with widespread soft tissue phlegmons and sepsis, aimed at unblocking microcirculation in inflammatory foci and parenchymal organs, to improve the penetration of antibacterial drugs and other drugs into these foci, thereby stopping inflammation and preventing the increase of multiple organ failure. The effectiveness of the cryoprecipitate-antienzymatic complex was evaluated based on clinical data of the course of the purulent – inflammatory process and the results of indicators of the hemocoagulation and fibrinolysis system on 8–10 days from the start of therapy.Conclusion. The use of cryoprecipitate-antienzymatic complex, which includes freshly frozen plasma (FFP), heparin, proteinase inhibitors, in patients with widespread soft tissue phlegmon and sepsis effectively eliminates thrombohemorrhagic syndrome, which improves microcirculation in purulent – inflammatory foci and affected parenchymal organs, improving the flow of antibacterial drugs into these foci. At the same time, there is an improvement in the course of the wound process, so the wounds are cleaned faster from necrotic masses and filled with healthy granulation tissue, which makes it possible to perform plastic closure of the wound defect 1.6 times faster. Mortality is reduced by 2.2 times and the number of thrombotic and thromboembolic complications in the structure of deaths is reduced.

Electron microscopy (EM) provides a uniquely detailed view of cellular morphology, including organelles and fine subcellular ultrastructure. While the acquisition and (semi-)automatic segmentation of multicellular EM volumes are now becoming routine, large-scale analysis remains severely limited by the lack of generally applicable pipelines for automatic extraction of comprehensive morphological descriptors. Here, we present a novel unsupervised method for learning cellular morphology features directly from 3D EM data: a neural network delivers a representation of cells by shape and ultrastructure. Applied to the full volume of an entire three-segmented worm of the annelid Platynereis dumerilii, it yields a visually consistent grouping of cells supported by specific gene expression profiles. Integration of features across spatial neighbours can retrieve tissues and organs, revealing, for example, a detailed organisation of the animal foregut. We envision that the unbiased nature of the proposed morphological descriptors will enable rapid exploration of very different biological questions in large EM volumes, greatly increasing the impact of these invaluable, but costly resources.

More than 50% of congenital hearing loss is hereditary, in which the majority form is non-syndromic. In this study we estimate the most prevalent pathogenic genetic changes in an Ossetian cohort of patients. This is useful for local public health officials to promote genetic counseling of affected families with regard to high allele frequencies of prevalent pathogenic variants and assortative mating in the community of people with hearing loss. In this study, genetic heterogeneity of hereditary non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss (NSNHL) in a cohort of 109 patients and an assessment of the frequency of two GJB2 gene pathogenic variants in a cohort of 349 healthy individuals from the populations of the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania (RNO–Alania) were assessed. The molecular genetic cause of NSNHL in the GJB2 gene in RNO–Alania was confirmed in ~30% of the cases, including ~27% in Ossetians. In Russian patients, the most frequent variant is GJB2:c.35delG (~83%). The GJB2:c.358_360delGAG variant was found to be the most frequent among Ossetians (~54%). Two genetic variants in GJB2, c.35delG and c.358_360delGAG, accounted for 91% of GJB2 pathogenic alleles in the Ossetian patients. A search for large genome rearrangements revealed etiological cause in two Ossetian patients, a deletion at the POU3F4 gene locus associated with X-linked hearing loss (type DFNX2). In another Ossetian patient, a biallelic pathogenic variant in the MYO15A gene caused hearing loss type DFNB3 was identified, and in one Russian family a heterozygous MYH14 gene variant associated with dominant NSNHL was found. Thus, the informative value of the diagnosis was ~37% among all patients with NSNHL from RNO–Alania and ~32% among the Ossetians. These estimates correspond to the literature data on the fraction of recessive genetic forms of hearing loss within the affected population. The importance of this study consists not only in the estimation of the most prevalent pathogenic genetic changes in the Ossetian cohort of patients which could be useful for the public health but also in the genetic counselling of the affected families with regard to the high allele frequencies of revealed pathogenic variants as well as to the assortative mating in community of people with hearing loss.

The characteristics of the safety culture of patients and personnel in health care facilities in Ukraine as a whole and separately among doctors-pathologists are analyzed with correlation of the data obtained with similar indicators of the culture of patient safety in medical facilities of other countries and comparison with the safety culture of workers of domestic nuclear power plants. It was confirmed that the weaknesses of the safety culture of the personnel of domestic hospitals is characterized by "Reaction to mistakes", which indicates the prevalence of the culture of blame (unfair culture) in domestic hospitals and, as a result, the absence of real data on medical errors and other incidents of patient safety. The high percentage of positive responses to the safety culture characteristic “Response to mistakes” among the workers of Ukrainian nuclear power plants is an example of the possibility of forming an appropriate safety culture in a separate domestic industry, and the high percentage of positive answers by this characteristic in domestic pathologists is a significant potential for the development of a safe hospital environment for patients. in Ukraine.

Abstract More than a decade of neuroimaging and brain stimulation studies point to a crucial role for the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (rDLPFC) in prosocial behavior. The intuitive prosociality model postulates that the rDLPFC controls intuitive prosocial behavior, whereas the reflective model assumes that the rDLPFC controls selfish impulses during prosocial behavior. The intuitive prosociality model implies that the transient disruption of the rDLPFC should increase voluntary transfers in both dictator and generosity games. In contrast, the reflective model suggests that the transient disruption of the rDLPFC should decrease transfers in the dictator game, without affecting voluntary transfers in the generosity game, in which selfish motives are minimized. The aim of this paper was to compare predictions of the intuitive and reflective models using the classic dictator game and generosity game and continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS). In this study, two groups of healthy participants (dictators) received either cTBS over the rDLPFC or right extrastriate visual areas. As shown by the results, the transient disruption of the rDLPFC significantly promoted prosocial motives in the dictator game only, particularly in the trials with the lowest dictator’s costs. These findings partially support the notion that the rDLPFC controls intuitive prosocial behavior.

Aim. Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the modified refralon administration protocol for the relief of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF). Materials and methods. The study included 39 patients (19 men, mean age 6312.8 years). All patients, after excluding contraindications in the intensive care unit, were injected intravenously with refralon at an initial dose of 5 mg/kg. If AF was preserved and there were no contraindications, after 15 min, repeated administration was performed at a dose of 5 mg/kg (total dose of 10 mg/kg). After another 15 min, while maintaining AF and the absence of contraindications, the third injection of the drug was performed at a dose of 10 mg/kg (total dose of 20 mg/kg). In the absence of relief and the absence of contraindications, another injection of refralon at a dose of 10 mg/kg was performed after another 15 min (in this case, the maximum total dose of 30 mg/kg was reached). After each injected bolus and before the introduction of the next one, the ECG parameters and the general condition of the patient were assessed. The patient was monitored for 24 hours to exclude the arrhythmogenic effect and other possible adverse events. Results. Restoration of sinus rhythm (SR) was noted in 37 patients out of 39 (95%). Of these, 19 people (48.7%) had SR recovery after the administration of a minimum dose of refralone of 5 mg/kg. The effectiveness of the total dose of 10 mg/kg was 76.9%, the dose of 20 mg/kg was 89.7%, and the dose of 30 mg/kg was 95%. Only two patients did not recover HR after administration of the maximum dose of refralon 30 mg/kg. Pathological prolongation of the QTc interval (500 ms) was recorded in 5% of patients. Not a single case of ventricular arrhythmogenic action (induction of Torsade de pointes) has been reported. Bradyarrhythmias (pauses, bradycardia) were registered in 13% of cases, were of a transient nature. Conclusion. Refralon has a high efficiency of relief (95%) of paroxysmal AF, while in almost half of cases (48.7%), SR recovery is achieved using the minimum dose of refralon 5 mg/kg. Despite the prolongation of the QTc500 ms recorded in 5% of cases, none of the patients developed Torsade de pointes after administration of the drug.

According to the modern concept of neurophysiology, a dental cap is a protective device for the prevention of injuries to the facial area and teeth, today it is offered as a way to increase performance in sports by improving strength, speed indicators, endurance, accuracy and balance. However, at the same time as the introduction of this invention, many contradictions were discovered, such as a negative effect on aerobic endurance and oxygen consumption. Yes, a thorough review of current and past publications is needed to establish truth and fiction regarding the use of neuromuscular braces in sports. The aim of the work was to conduct a review of the literature on the issues of neuromuscular conceptology in modern odontological practice, to assess the positive and negative effects of the use of neuromuscular mouthguards in sportsmen and to find prospects for the development of this topic for domestic doctors and physiologists. A review of more than twenty scientific works by foreign and domestic authors was conducted, relating to data that highlight neuromuscular approaches in dentistry, modern instrumental research and the facts of the use of neuromuscular mouthguards in athletes of various professional orientations. Most of the works were covered by foreign researchers on the relationship between wearing caps to improve performance during physical activity.Conclusions. The concept of neuromuscular occlusive balance and its various systemic influence on the state of the body is well-founded today, at the same time, there is no evidence of the effectiveness of caps on the sports results of athletes. After reviewing the literature, it can be said that the neuromuscular cap can be recommended to those athletes who need explosive strength and balance, peak, short-term loads in the anaerobic strength regime. In the same sports where mouth breathing is required to maintain adequate ventilation, intraoral devices will only hinder peak performance. Further work is planned to investigate the impact of intraoral devices on the morpho-functional state of highly qualified athletes.

This work is the second part of our study to develop alternative experimental mathematic models for predecting toxicity of insecticides, where we carried out a statistical analysis and comparative estimation of the toxicometric parameters obtained experimentally and calculated according to the proposed equations. In the first stage calculations were carried out and the most reliable models were proposed. The purpose of the research is the scientific substantiation and statistical analysis of the calculation models for predicting the toxicity of insecticides of different classes. For research we took the insecticides of the following chemical classes: neonicotinoids, pyrethroids, organophosphorus compounds. Statistical analysis of the linear and nonlinear regression equations obtained for insecticides was conducted. The equations described the dependence of subthreshold doses in the chronic experiment of all insecticides, the median lethal doses at oral admission of pyrithoids and neonicotinoids from molecular weight; and toxicometry parameters of all insecticides and their individual groups (pyrithoids, neonicotinoids, organophosphorus compounds) on melting temperature and the octanol-water partition coefficient. On the basis of a comparison of the toxicometry parameters obtained experimentally (actual parameters) and calculated according to the proposed equations checking of possibility of using of the calculating models for predicting the danger of the investigated groups of insecticides was performed. For substantiated pairs of resultant and factorial variables for pyrethroids, neonicotinoids, and organophosphorus pesticides a reliable correlation was established (ractucal> rtable at p = 0.05) or trend (ractucal> rtable at p = 0.1). A good and very good consistency of the features selected for the calculations according to the Cronbach’s alpha (index ranged from 0.8 and above) was indicated. The developed algorithm makes it possible to significantly simplify the conduction of toxicological studies of the studied classes of insecticides

Abstract Background Mutations in CRYAA, which encodes the α-crystallin protein, are associated with a spectrum of congenital cataract–microcornea syndromes. Results In this study, we performed clinical examination and subsequent genetic analysis in two unrelated sporadic cases of different geographical origins presenting with a complex phenotype of ocular malformation. Both cases manifested bilateral microphthalmia and severe anterior segment dysgenesis, primarily characterized by congenital aphakia, microcornea, and iris hypoplasia/aniridia. NGS-based analysis revealed two novel single nucleotide variants occurring de novo and affecting the translation termination codon of the CRYAA gene, c.520T > C and c.521A > C. Both variants are predicted to elongate the C-terminal protein domain by one-third of the original length. Conclusions Our report not only expands the mutational spectrum of CRYAA but also identifies the genetic cause of the unusual ocular phenotype described in this report.

Purpose. Determination and frequency analysis of the ACTN3 gene (actinin, alpha 3) rs1815739 polymorphism, responsible for metabolism, strength and speed of muscle movement, including the maxillofacial apparatus, in children with distal occlusion and allergic rhinitis.Materials and Methods. To study the ACTN3 gene (rs1815739) polymorphism, the molecular and genetic study was conducted in 100 children aged 6 to 18 years. The 26 patients with distal bite and allergic rhinitis were included in the first study group; the second group consisted of 23 children with a distal bite; the third group included 30 children with allergic rhinitis and the fourth group was made up of 21 almost healthy children. All children did not have a statistically significant difference in sex and age. The molecular and genetic study was carried out in the Department of Molecular and Genetic Research of theTrainingMedicalLaboratoryCenter in the Department of Microbiology of theZaporizhiaStateMedicalUniversity, Zaporizhia. The obtained study results were analyzed using non-parametric methods of statistical analysis of the licensed software package «Statistica 6.1. RU». The population genetic analysis with the distribution of alleles and genotypes of the ACTN3 gene frequency is presented in accordance with the Hardy-Weinberg principle.Results. Studying the distribution of allelic genes and genotypes of the ACN3 polymorphism (actinin, alpha 3) rs1815739 showed that among all examined children, the alpha actinin-3 protein was synthesized sufficiently in 36% of children with the homozygous C / C genotype, while in case of European population it was equal to 31%; and insufficiently - in 11% of those examined with the homozygous T / T genotype (in the European population - in 17.9%); in a smaller amount - in 53% of children with the heterozygous C / T genotype, which frequency corresponded to the European population (51.1%). The genotypes had the following distribution in the study groups: in children with a combination of allergic and orthodontic pathology; with distal bite; with allergic rhinitis and in healthy children, respectively: homozygous C / C genotype - 38.46%; 56.52%; 33.33%; 14.3%; homozygous T / T genotype - 11.5%; 8.7%; 6.67%; 19.05%; heterozygous C / T genotype – 50%; 34.78%; 60%; 66.67%. In children with distal bite, the homozygous C / C genotype (rs1815739) of the gene coding alpha-actinin-3 protein synthesis was associated with the odds ratio OR = 7.80, CI [1.79 - 34.07], while in children with heterozygous genotype C / T the odds of being healthy was OR = 3.75, СІ [1.08 – 13.07].Conclusions. The dominant observation of the C / C genotype (rs1815739) of the gene coding alpha-actinin-3 protein synthesis in children with distal bite may indicate the role of muscle strength and their pressure on the dentition in the process of formation of children tooth-maxillary anomalies, which shall be taken into account when selecting individual treatment-and-preventive myogymnastics and apparatus treatment for such patients.

Language lateralization is the most intriguing trait of functional asymmetry for cognitive functions. Nowadays, ontogenetic determinants of this trait are largely unknown, but there are efforts to find its anatomical correlates. In particular, a white matter interhemispheric connection–the corpus callosum–has been proposed as such. In the present study, we aimed to find the association between the degree of language lateralization and metrics of the callosal sub-regions. We applied a sentence completion fMRI task to measure the degree of language lateralization in a group of healthy participants balanced for handedness. We obtained the volumes and microstructural properties of callosal sub-regions with two tractography techniques, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and constrained spherical deconvolution (CSD). The analysis of DTI-based metrics did not reveal any significant associations with language lateralization. In contrast, CSD-based analysis revealed that the volumes of a callosal sub-region terminating in the core posterior language-related areas predict a stronger degree of language lateralization. This finding supports the specific inhibitory model implemented through the callosal fibers projecting into the core posterior language-related areas in the degree of language lateralization, with no relevant contribution of other callosal sub-regions.

Purpose. To determine the frequency of interleukin-4 (IL-4) (C-589T, rs2243250) single nucleotide polymorphism in children with bronchial asthma (BA) and allergic rhinitis (AR) and with isolated or allergic rhinitis-induced comorbid malocclusion. Materials and methods. Single nucleotide polymorphism of the IL-4 (C-589T, rs2243250) gene was analyzed in 170 children aged between 6 and 17 years, 11 months, 29 days. Group I included 89 children with BA; Group II consisted of 31 children with AR; Group III was composed of 27 children with AR and distal occlusion (DO); Group ІV comprised 23 children with malocclusion. Genotyping was performed using a commercial “SNP-express RT” kit by real-time polymerase chain reaction method (Applied Biosystems, USA) via TagMan®SNP Genotyping Assay on an amplifier CFX96TM Real-Time PCR Detection System (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc.,USA). DNA was isolated using a commercial DNA-express kit (“LLC Research and Production Company LITEKH”). The general, recessive and dominant models of inheritance and the odds ratios with a 95 % confidence interval were used for the analysis. The results analysis was conducted using the Statistica 6.0RU licensed software package. Results. IL-4 (C-589T, rs2243250) gene polymorphism in children with allergy and malocclusion living in Zaporizhzhia was analyzed for the first time. The frequency of C/C – C/T – T/T genotypes registration was 69.66 % – 22.47 % – 7.87 % of cases in children with BA; 58.06 % – 38.71 % – 3.23 % in children with AR; 62.96 % – 29.63 % – 7.40 % in AR with DO. On the contrary, in children with malocclusion, the C/C (34.78 %) and T/T (4.35 %) genotypes were registered less frequently and the C/T genotype (60.87 %) was recorded more often as a genetic feature of the DO phenotype. Conclusions. The C/C genotype of IL-4 (C-589T, rs2243250) gene was associated with bronchial asthma (OR = 4.31; 95 % CI = 1.63–11.36; P = 0.002) and allergic rhinitis (OR = 4.32 (95% CI = 1.04–7.81; P = 0.04), in comparison with the fact that the C/T + T/T genotype indicated a predisposition to malocclusion development.

Relevance. The scientific substantiation of the method selection, the development of conditions for qualitative identification and quantitative determination of Axial 050 EC, Peak 75 WG, Tilt 250 EC, Magnello 350 EC, Enzhio 247 SS, Karate Zeon 050 CC pesticides (by its simultaneous presence) used in cereal crops protection system was given in the article, as well as preparation conditions for the analysis of water and air samples were described, which will allow to control the established hygienic standards and minimize pesticide negative impact on population health and the environment. Objective of the research is to develop methods for the analytical determination of 9 active substances of 7 pesticide preparations applied in the wheat and barley protection system with its simultaneous presence in water and air. Materials and methods. Chromatographic analysis was performed by Shimazu (Japan) liquid chromatograph. Chromatograph control, recording, analysis and storage of chromatographic data were performed using S/w LC solution software. The package of IBM SPSS StatisticsBase v.22 and MS Exel statistical programs was used for statistical processing of results. Results. The developed optimal conditions of sample preparation and chromatographic determination in the combined presence of 9 different chemical classes pesticides used in the cereal crops protection system will allow to control their content with the limit of quantitative determination of each compound 0,001 mg/dm3 in the water sample, and 0,05 mg/m3 in the air, thus allowing control the established hygienic standards of these compounds in the water and in the working zone air. Conclusions. The conditions for simultaneous determination of prosulfuron and pinoxaden herbicides, thiamethoxam and lambda-cyhalothrin insecticides, fludioxonil, sedaxane, tebuconazole, propiconazole, diphenoconazole fungicides in its combined presence in the water or air samples by high-efficiency liquid chromatography method were elaborated allowing the efficiency of analysis to be increased and its total price to be reduced.

Мета: враховуючи міжнародний досвід оцінити стан інтегрованості питань безпеки пацієнтів і безпеки медичного персоналу у вітчизняних лікарняних закладах та розглянути можливості посилення їх взаємозв’язку і взаємовпливу на користь мінімізації ризиків лікарняного середовища. Матеріали і методи. Проаналізовані декларації, стратегії ВООЗ, окремих країн, інші документи і тематичні наукові публікації. Досліджено вітчизняну нормативну базу і частково практику формування безпечного лікарняного середовища у 4-х закладах охорони здоров’я (ЗОЗ). Методи досліджень: бібліосемантичний, гігієнічний, системного підходу, аналітичний, статистичні та математичні. Результати. Оцінено стан інтегрованості питань безпеки пацієнтів і безпеки медичного персоналу у вітчизняних лікарняних закладах. Встановлено, що попередження випадків виробничого травматизму і інцидентів безпеки пацієнтів у вітчизняних лікарняних закладах здійснюється автономно за різними планами та програмами і є неефективним, про свідчить зростання як нещасних випадків у вітчизняних лікарняних закладах, так і стаціонарної та післяопераційної летальності. Запропоновано підходи до трансформації структури і функцій безпекових підрозділів закладів охорони здоров’я з метою формування безпечного лікарняного середовища на засадах культури безпеки. Висновки. Інтеграція питань безпеки пацієнтів та безпеки медичного персоналу у єдиних програмах є стратегічним напрямом і кращою практикою у формуванні безпечного лікарняного середовища за кордоном і її доцільно впроваджувати в нашій країні. Вітчизняна нормативна база і практика передбачає автономне і роздільне вирішення безпекових проблем щодо пацієнтів, медичного персоналу і оточуючого середовища. Трансформація структури і функцій підрозділів закладів охорони здоров’я, задіяних у забезпеченні безпеки пацієнтів, медичного персоналу, екологічної безпеки, за єдиною узгодженою стратегією сприятиме формуванню безпечного лікарняного середовища на засадах культури безпеки.

The actual problem of implementation and use of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICFDH) in the work of clinical psychologists taking into account Russian psychological tradition discussed. There is a necessity of operationalizing the ICFDH domains for specialists of the multidisciplinary rehabilitation team, which will facilitate the use of the ICFDH in rehabilitation work for diagnosis, planning and implementing the rehabilitation program and evaluating its effectiveness. The operationalization of the ICFDH domains based on clinical and psychological content is considered. The cultural-activity approach as a methodological basis of clinical and psychological rehabilitation is proposed and the relationship of the major components of the ICFDH with the psychological activity structure (according to A.N. Leontiev) discussed. The different levels of human functioning considered in the ICFDH (in particular, functions, activity, participation) are compared with the levels of activity (psychophysiological functions, operations, actions and activities) according to A.N. Leontiev. It is argued that the process of clinical and psychological rehabilitation can only take place at the level of concrete actions, and not at the level of activity or operations.

Early diagnosis of tuberculosis remains essential for the prevention of the disease and control of its incidence. The diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) has significantly improved over the last years due to the use of new immunological tests, including the Diaskintest.The aim of the study was to assess the potential of immunological assays for diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection and determination of risk groups for tuberculosis among personnel of different institutions.Materials and methods: in 2015–2018, a prospective group-control study was conducted that included employees of various medical centres (n = 154) and healthy individuals (n = 30). There were no significant age differences between the subjects. All the subjects included in the study shared their medical history, underwent general examination, X-ray examination, and were tested with Diaskintest. Multispiral computed tomography (MSCT) of the chest was performed for every subject with a positive Diaskintest result.Results: the comparison of the number of persons with LTBI in general care hospitals, personnel of a manufacturing firm, and among healthy individuals showed that the risk of being infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis is very similar in all the groups (from 6.8 to 10.0 %). The highest risk of developing LTBI was found in people who worked in an infectious area for more than 5 years (48.4 %). The analysis of the level of immune complexes (ICs) demonstrated that individuals with LTBI did not have isotypes of IgG3 and IgE immune complexes, which are found in patients with tuberculosis. The identification of particular isotypes indicates a borderline state between LTBI and tuberculosis and requires therapeutic intervention.Conclusions: the use of the Diaskintest makes it possible to distinguish groups of employees of various institutions who are at a higher risk of developing tuberculosis. At the same time, determination of the ICs helps to reveal the borderline condition which requires medical intervention.

Rationale: Cystic fibrosis (CF; OMIM 219700) is a common hereditary disease caused by mutations in the CFTR gene (OMIM 602421). The distribution and frequencies of the CFTR gene mutations vary considerably between countries and ethnic groups. By now about 11% alleles of the CFTR gene remain unidentified after testing for frequent mutations in the Russian patients. A full determination of the mutation spectrum in the CFTR gene is necessary to optimize medical and genetic assistance to the population and to implement the achievements of targeted therapy in the treatment of CF patients.Materials and methods: The sample included 121 Russian CF patients, in whom testing for 34 routinely analyzed mutations did not identify one (n = 107) or both (n = 14) mutant alleles. Assessment of the coding sequence of the CFTR gene, including the regions of exon-intron junctions, 5’- and 3’-untranslated regions was performed by the Sanger sequencing method; in addition, the search for large rearrangements was conducted by the multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) method.Results: In addition to the previously identified, 88 more variants were determined, including 28 missense mutations, 15 nonsense mutations, 18 frameshift mutations (14 deletions, 4 insertions), 14 splicing mutations, 1 in-frame insertion, 1 in-frame deletion, 1 in/del mutation, and 10 large rearrangements (7 deletions, 3 duplications). Twenty three (23) novel variants were sequenced. Four (4) complex mutant alleles were found. Sixty (60) variants are found once each. One hundred and thirty four (134) of 135 tested mutant alleles were identified.Conclusion: Consequent use of the sequencing and MLPA methods has allowed for identification of a high proportion of the tested mutant alleles in CF patients from Russia (134/135, > 99%), to detect a significant diversity of the CFTR mutation spectrum (88 additional variants, 32 of them novel), a number of repeated mutations (c.2353C>T, c.1240_1244delCAAAA, c.1766+1G>A and c.3929G>A) encountered in 5 or more unrelated patients, which could be included in the panel of routinely analyzed variants in the Russian CF patients; and a high proportion of large rearrangements of the CFTR gene.

The mature serine-type IgA1 protease from Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B strain H44/76 (IgA1pr1_28–1004) is considered here as the basis for creating a candidate vaccine against meningococcal meningitis. In this work, we examine the primary structure similarity of IgA1 proteases from various strains of a number of Gram-negative bacteria (N. meningitidis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Haemophilus influenzae) in order to find a structural groundwork for creating a broad-spectrum vaccine based on fragments of this enzyme. BLAST has shown high similarity between the primary structure of IgA1pr1_28–1004 and hypothetical sequences of mature IgA1 proteases from N. meningitidis (in 1060 out of 1061 examined strains), N. gonorrhoeae (in all 602 examined strains) and H. influenzae (in no less than 137 out of 521 examined strains). For these enzymes, common regions of sequence correspond to IgA1pr1_28–1004 fragments 28–84, 146–193, 253–539, 567–628, 639–795 and 811–1004, with identity of at least 85%. We believe that these fragments can be used in the development of a vaccine to prevent diseases caused by pathogenic strains of N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae as well as a significant number of strains of H. influenzae.

Orphan diseases is a significant socio-economic burden for both global and Russian health care systems. The global burden of disease metrics introduced by WHO, such as DALY, QALY, HALE, can be a useful tool for building economic models and prognoses, as well as medicine funding distribution. However, it is very difficult to standardize a heterogeneous group of rare diseases and it is difficult to talk about the cost-effective treatment options search, in cases where patients with an orphan disease may have only one pathogenetic therapy option. Much work needs to be done to find optimal treatment options and establish the standards of care necessary to maintain physical health, work capacity and quality of life.

Sarcoidosis and tuberculosis share several similar clinical and pathogenic characteristics that make some researchers consider a common pathogenesis for these diseases. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotypes are studied both in sarcoidosis and tuberculosis patients, but to our knowledge, there are no comparative studies of genetic predisposition for sarcoidosis and tuberculosis development. The aim of this review was to analyse the relationship between HLA genotypes and the development of sarcoidosis and tuberculosis. Original and review articles published in various online databases from 1960 to 2019 were studied. The search results showed opposite effects of the HLA genotypes on predisposition to sarcoidosis or tuberculosis. It was revealed that the genotypes predisposing to the development of sarcoidosis (HLA-DRB1*03/07/15) have protective properties against the development of tuberculosis. Moreover, genotypes causing the development of tuberculosis (HLA-DRB1*04) have a protective effect on the development of sarcoidosis. The results of this narrative review of the literature may allude to the existence of genetic predispositions that lead to the development of an antibacterial or autoimmune response to mycobacteria.

The L138ins mutation, found in Russian cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, is a duplication of three nucleotides (CTA) in exon 4 of the CFTR gene and is categorised as a small in-frame insertion/deletion. As a result, the CFTR protein molecule elongates by one amino acid residue, leucine, at position 138 (codon 138 (CTA)). In accordance with the new nomenclature, it should be called c.411_412insCTA (p.Leu138dup). The c.411_412insCTA (p.Leu138dup, L138ins) mutation is found in CF patients of Slavic origin (Russians, Ukrainians) and has been linked to a single haplotype of the intragenic DNA markers IVS1CA-IVS6aGATT-IVS8CA-IVS17bCA - 22-7-16-13.

Purpose. Determination of domestic predictors of bronchial asthma in adolescents and allergic rhinitis in children with distal occlusion who have a persistent clinical course of the disease. Materials and methods. A clinical, anamnestic and allergic examination of 87 adolescents aged 13 to 17 years has been conducted. Of them, 34 adolescents with persistent bronchial asthma were considered as the first monitoring group (І); the group II included 28 children with persistent allergic rhinitis and distal occlusion, thereby they additionally received orthodontic treatment for faciomaxillary pathology. The control group (ІІІ) consisted of 25 healthy children. The ratio of boys to girls in the observation and control groups was the same (P > 0.05). Questionnaire method was used for the anamnestic data on living, social and hygienic conditions study: current household pet-keeping practice, frequency and specifications of certain cleaning agents and cosmetic products use in children. Also the clinical course of diseases and the subsequent dispensary observation in the remission period of children with persistent bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis have been analyzed; an allergic study has been conducted in the absence of contraindications for in vivo testing with allergens by the use of skin prick tests with household and epidermal allergens produced by the Limited Liability Company "Immunologist" (Vinnytsia). When comparing statistical aggregates the non-parametric statistical method "2 × 2 Table", the Chi-square test (df = 1) were used and the odds ratio (OR) was calculated using the four-fold table with diagnostic interval (DI) calculation using the Woolf method. By the nonparametric gamma correlation method, recommended for use when there are many matching values in the data, the relationship between hypersensitivity indicators to allergens has been analyzed. A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. Persistent course of chronic moderate allergic respiratory syndrome trended significantly higher in children with allergic rhinitis and distal occlusion (75.00%) than in adolescents with bronchial asthma (32.35 %). Household predictors of allergic diseases development in surveyed children were living in homes which were not renovated for over 10 years and keeping animals (for adolescents with asthma OR = 3.56, DI [1.08, 11.68] and OR = 6.27, DІ [1.26; 31.29]; for children with allergic rhinitis and distal occlusion OR = 4.62, DI[1.35; 15.78] and OR =6.39, DІ [1.24; 32.89]. Hypersensitivity to domestic dust allergens (35.29 %), Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (29.41 %) house dust mites, epidermis of cats (23.53 %) has been diagnosed in adolescents with bronchial asthma and to house dusts Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (50.00 %) and Dermatophagoides farinae (42.86 %), house dust mites (42.86 %), cat (42.86%) and rabbit (17.86 %) epidermis has been revealed in children with allergic rhinitis and distal occlusion. Cosmetics, shampoos, bathing soaps containing formaldehyde, parabens, triclosan, sodium lauryl sulfate and surface-active agents for dishwashing were significantly more often used in the families of children with allergic diseases than in healthy families. Conclusions. Prevention of bronchial asthma in adolescents and allergic rhinitis and distal occlusion in children included the elimination treatment, prescription of allergen-specific immunotherapy according to positive results of allergy testing, living conditions improvement with timely repairs in their homes, use of hypoallergenic cosmetics, shampoos, soaps, gels, detergents for dishwashing without surface-active agents or careful rinsing under running water.

Post COVID-19 Syndrome (PCS) is a complex of various symptoms developing a month or more after the acute phase of the disease. The cases of PCS development among patients with asymptomatic/mild forms are frequently reported; however, the pathogenesis of PCS in this group of patients is still not completely clear. The publications about COVID-19 which were published in online databases from December 2019 to September 2021 are analyzed in this review. According to the analysis, PCS develops on average in 30–60% of patients, mainly among women. Fatigue, shortness of breath, cough, and anosmia were reported as the most common symptoms. The possible association between the described PCS symptoms and brain damage was revealed. We assume the possibility of an alternative course of COVID-19, which develops in genetically predisposed individuals with a stronger immune response, in which it predominantly affects the cells of the nervous system, possibly with the presence of an autoimmune component, which might have similarity with chronic fatigue syndrome or autoimmune disautonomia. Thus, the gender (female) and the presence of anosmia during an asymptomatic or mild course of the disease can be predictive factors for the development of PCS, which can be caused by autoimmune damage to neurons, glia, and cerebral vessels.

Relevance. Water is one of the most important elements of the biosphere on the quality of which largely depends on human health. The quality of water in surface water bodies is one of the decisive factors in the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population. Objective of our study was a scientific substantiation of the maximum allowable concentration of cyflufenamid in water of households-drinking and cultural-domestic appointments reservoirs. Materials and methods. We conducted a laboratory hygienic experiment using organoleptic, sanitary-chemical, sanitary-microbiological methods of analysis. The data obtained in the experiment were processed by the methods of variation statistics. Results. The investigated solutions with different cyflufenamid concentrations had high transparency (>30 cm), their colority did not differ significantly from the control tap water. The influence of cyflufenamid on the intensity of the process of biochemical oxygen consumption, changes in the number of saprophytic microflora, the dynamics of mineralization of nitrogen-containing substances, the level of dissolved oxygen in water and the changes in the active reaction of the medium (pH) at its concentrations from 0,005 to 0,5 mg/dm3 were studied. It was noted that the process of mineralization of organic substances in water in the presence of cyflufenamid had a logical sequence of stages. The process of mineralization ended until the 30th day of observation. Conclusion. The maximum allowable concentration of cyflufenamid in water households-drinking and cultural-domestic appointments reservoirs has been established at the level of 0,005 mg/ m3 according to general sanitary limiting index.

Relevance. The strawberries are consumed mostly fresh, that is why the toxicological assessment of chemical protection formulations applied on strawberries is compulsory before its entering the market. Objective: toxicological characteristics of modern pesticides used in the system of strawberries chemical protection. Materials and methods. Aktara 25 WG, inc., Switch 62.5 WG, Force 1.5 G, G, Nuprid 600 TN, and Torero SC pesticide preparations containing thiamethoxam, cyprodinil, fludioxonil, tefluthrin, imidacloprid, methamitron, and ethofumezate were the materials of the toxicological evaluation conducted according to the data of literary and official Internet sources. Results. A analysis of the literature on the toxic properties of the studied pesticides and its active ingredients used to protect strawberries has been carried out and the classes of hazard were established according to the current Ukrainian hygienic classification of pesticides. Conclusion. Switch 62.5 WG, Force 1.5 G, G, Nuprid 600 TN, and Torero SC pesticide preparations and fludioxonil, cyprodinil and metamitron active ingredients are classified according to acute inhalation toxicity as limiting criterion to the second integral hazard class (moderately hazardous), and Aktara 25 WG, preparation and thiamethoxam – to third integral hazard class (hazardous), active substances imidacloprid, tefluthrin, ethofumezate – to the first integral hazard class (extremely hazardous).

Abstract Background Black Tea is a widely consumed drink in the world. Evidence suggest Black Tea has stimulatory effect on humans. We investigated the effect of Black Tea on cognition using a cognitive test battery. Methods Participants (n = 32) were fasted overnight for 10 h and restrained from caffeine and other stimulant drugs for 14 days prior to participation. We randomly assigned participants into either an experimental (n = 16) or a control (n = 16) group. Experimental group consumed 250 ml of Black Tea (BT) while control group was received equal volume of water (W). Participants were tested on the following cognitive tasks: executive function, sustained attention, memory (memory span, immediate, delayed, working memory) and arithmetic calculation task. Results We found that BT group performed significantly (p

When using tank mixtures and pesticides in chemical crop protection systems there exists danger of simultaneous or sequential action of ingredients. It was established that the combined potential risk of the harmful effects of Torero SC preparation on workers is 0.11-0.30 arb.units, Switch 62.5 WG – 0.054-0,065 arb.units, tank mixture 1 – 0.26-0.51 arb.units, tank mixture 2 – 0.26-0.49 arb.units correspondently and does not exceed the allowable value of risk (

When using tank mixtures and pesticides in chemical crop protection systems there exists danger of simultaneous or sequential action ofingredients. It was established that the combined potential risk of the harmful effects of Torero SC preparation on workers is 0.11-0.30 arb.units, Switch 62.5 WG – 0.054-0,065 arb.units, tank mixture 1 – 0.26-0.51 arb.units, tank mixture 2 – 0.26-0.49 arb.units correspondently and does not exceed the allowable value of risk (

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Phenylketonuria is an inherited disease caused by mutations in the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene PAH. Different PAH pathogenic variants occur in different ethnic groups with various frequencies and the incidence of the disease itself varies from country to country. In the Caucasus region of Russia, some ethnoses are geographically and culturally isolated from each other. The tradition of monoethnic marriages may cause decreased genetic variability in those populations. In the Karachay-Cherkess Republic (Russia), the highest incidence of phenylketonuria in the world has been detected (1:850 newborns) in the region and 1:332 among the titular nation Karachays. Here, we showed that this phenomenon is due to the widespread prevalence of the p.Arg261* variant. Its allele frequency among Karachay patients with PKU was 68.4% and the carrier frequency in Karachays was 1:16 healthy individuals. PAH haplotype analysis showed a unique common origin. The founder haplotype and mutation "age" were estimated by analyzing the linkage disequilibrium between p.Arg261* and extragenic short tandem repeat loci. The p.Arg261* variant occurred in the Karachays population 10.2 ± 2.7 generations ago (275 ± 73 years) and its spread occurred in parallel with the growth of the population.