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Abstract The impact of inflammatory markers such as systemic immune-inflammation (SII) index and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) on myelofibrosis (MF) prognosis was evaluated for the first time in this study. Data from 60 patients diagnosed with MF between March 2011 and September 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. In addition to disease-related markers, the impact of SII and SIRI on prognosis was evaluated. In our study, the overall median survival (OS) was 64 months. OS was significantly shorter in patients older than 65 years, with high ferritin and lymphocyte levels, transfusion dependence at diagnosis, platelet count below 100 × 109/L, Hb level below 8 g/dl, and high risk according to the dynamic international prognostic scoring system (DIPSS)-Plus score. When these variables were included in the multivariate Cox regression model, it was found that being older than 65 years, having a high ferritin value, being at high risk according to the DIPSS-plus score and Hb values below 8 increased the risk of death. Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and SII index were lower in patients with a fatal outcome. No statistically significant relationship was found between SIRI and mortality. The findings of this study showed that low PLR and high ferritin were associated with poor prognosis in MF. Elevated SII and SIRI, evaluated for the first time in patients with myelofibrosis, did not predict prognosis. Since non-inflammatory variables play a role in the pathogenesis of MF, bone marrow indicators and systemic inflammation indicators derived from hematologic parameters may not be accurate.

Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma is an infrequent disease. It is associated with a favorable prognosis. The most important problems with the management of the disease are relapses, transformation to non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and treatment-related toxicities. In early stages of disease, watchful waiting, surgery, radiotherapy, and single-agent rituximab are the treatment options. Chemo-immunotherapy may be preferred in early disease with high tumor and symptom burden. In advanced disease, chemo-immunotherapy with or without radiotherapy is used. Good responses can be achieved in relapsed disease. The risk of transformation is high. It is reasonable to obtain re-biopsies at relapses. Transformed disease and the primary disease have been shown to be clonally-related in most cases. Prognosis of transformed disease which is treated with salvage chemo-immunotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation is similar to that of de novo diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. All of the data regarding the treatment come from retrospective data.

Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasia (BPDCN) is a rare hematological malignancy whose pathogenesis has not yet been elucidated. Skin, bone marrow, and lymph node involvement can be observed, and it is generally seen in men and old adults. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) features of skin and bone marrow biopsy are essential for diagnosis. There are no standardized treatment options for this malignancy, and the prognosis is particularly poor. Although there are no standardized treatment options for this malignancy, multiple agent chemotherapies such as Hyper-CVAD and CHOP can be used. Bone marrow transplantation may be an option for patients with life expectancy. More case reports are required to understand and manage this extremely rare malignancy. We report the case we encountered in our clinic and selected CVP as the treatment approach.

The management of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) gradually turns into an individualized approach with the application of targeted therapies. Venetoclax is a BCL-2 inhibitor that is synergistic with azacitidine. In this case series, 14 patients diagnosed with relapsed / refractory AML and 1 MDS RAEB-1 were followed up with venetoclax + azacitidine in the Hematology Department Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine were evaluated. The best responses obtained with venetoclax + azacitidine were complete remission (CR) in one patient, complete remission with incomplete hematologic recovery (CRi) in one patient, morphological leukemia-free state (MLFS) in 4 patients, and partial response (PR) in one patient. The median time to first response with treatment was one month (0.5-5). The time to enter early remission is critical. For this reason, deaths due to infection should be prevented. Although the toxicities of this combination therapy can be managed, close follow-up of the patients is mandatory. In conclusion, this combination therapy is promising as it is relatively well-tolerated, improves the quality of life, and prolongs survival.

Rhabdomyosarcoma caused bone marrow metastasis cases are among the rarest cases reported in the literature. Similar to the cases reported in the literature, the clinical presentation of our patient mimicked acute leukemia, and the leukoerythroblastosis in the peripheral smear test and the cytopenia in the hemogram raised suspicion of hematological malignancy initially.1,2 The diagnosis made by immunohistochemical staining in biopsy. The primary tumor field could not be detected in the radiological imaging, and it was determined by rhinoscopy evaluation performed upon patient's anosmia and epistaxis complaints. Here, we reported a case in which we were diagnosed with acute leukemia at admission but later diagnosed as a primary malignancy that metastasized.

Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma is characterized by the infiltration of small vessels by lymphoid cells. These cells are not seen in the systemic circulation. Depending on the involvement location, it may present with different clinics such as central nervous system and skin involvement. Therefore, diagnosis may delay. Diagnosis is based on pathology. Herein we present a rare patient who initially presented with cellulitis and was ultimately diagnosed with Intravascular Large B Cell Lymphoma. With this case, we aim that lymphoma infiltration should be considered in skin lesions that are difficult to diagnose.