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Lantana camara L. is a species known for its broad spectrum of bioactivities and is commonly used in folk therapy to address inflammatory, dermatological, gastrointestinal, intestinal worms and protozoan diseases. It boasts a diverse array of secondary metabolites such as terpenes, flavonoids, and saponins. However, despite its rich chemical profile, there remains a scarcity of studies investigating its antileishmanial properties. This research aims to explore the antileishmanial potential of L. camara , focusing also on its mechanism of action against Leishmania amazonensis. The ethanolic extract of L. camara leaves (LCE) was obtained through static maceration, and its phytoconstituents were identified using UFLC-QTOF-MS. The colorimetric MTT method was conducted to determine the effect of LCE on promastigotes of L. amazonensis and murine macrophages. The anti-amastigote activity was evaluated by counting intracellular parasites in macrophages after Giemsa staining. Additionally, investigations into the mechanisms underlying its action were conducted using cellular and biochemical approaches. LCE exhibited significant activity against both promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes of L. amazonensis , with IC 50 values of 12.20 μg/mL ± 0.12 and 7.09 μg/mL ± 1.24, respectively. These IC 50 values indicate very promising antileishmanial activity, comparable to those found for the positive control miltefosine (5.10 μg/mL ± 1.79 and 8.96 μg/mL ± 0.50, respectively). Notably, LCE exhibited negligible cytotoxicity on macrophages (IC 50 = 223.40 μg/mL ± 47.02), demonstrating selectivity towards host cells (SI = 31.50). The antileishmanial activity of LCE involved a multi-targeted cell death process, characterized by morphological and ultrastructural alterations observed through SEM and TEM analyses, as well as oxidative effects evidenced by the inhibition of trypanothione reductase, elevation of ROS and lipid levels, and mitochondrial dysfunction evaluated using DTNB, H 2 DCFDA, Nile red, and JC-1 assays. Additionally, extraction of ergosterol and double labeling with annexin V and PI revealed modifications to the organization and permeability of the treated parasite's plasma membrane. LCE was found to consist predominantly of terpenes, with lantadenes A, B, and C being among the eleven compounds identified through UFLC-QTOF-MS analysis. The extract of L. camara presents a diverse array of chemical constituents, prominently featuring high terpene content, which may underlie its antileishmanial properties through a combination of apoptotic and non-apoptotic mechanisms of cell death induced by LCE. This study underscores the therapeutic potential of L. camara as a candidate for antileishmanial treatment, pending further validation. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Colombian biodiversity and traditional knowledge allow the exploration of medicinal plants with potential antimicrobial activity, which could be used to treat infections. Objectives. To determine the antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts of Lantana camara L., Petiveria alliacea L. and Lippia dulcis T. on Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 6380 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Materials and methods. Performed the acquisition of plant material and botanical characterization, ethanolic extracts were obtained by percolation and preliminary phytochemical characterization was performed by thin layer chromatography (CCD). The antibacterial activity was evaluated by disc diffusion and agar diffusion tests at concentrations of 1mg/mL and 2mg/mL; for active extracts, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (CMB) were established. For statistical analysis, Student's t test was performed. Results and discussion. Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 was sensitive with Lantana camara L. and Lippia dulcis T. The latter being also active on Proteus vulgaris ATCC 6380 with inhibitory effect higher than 50%. The extract of Lippia dulcis T. had the highest inhibitory activity on S. aureus (MIC: 1.95 mg/mL). No extract showed activity on Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Secondary metabolites, especially terpenoids and coumarins were detected in L. dulcis. Conclusions. The study shows that natural products derived from medicinal plants such as the ethanolic extracts of Lantana camara and Lippia dulcis have antibacterial activity on S. aureus and P. vulgaris and could be a promising alternative for the treatment of bacterial infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medicinal plants have several therapeutic properties; they have been used for a long time to treat different diseases. Lantana camara L. has been widely used by man for healing these diseases. In this study, four leaves extracts of L. camara were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening to determine the presence and/or the absence of phytochemical constituents; In addition, they were tested for hemolytic activity on human erythrocytes. This activity is performed using the UV-Vis spectrophotometer method at 520 nm and at five different concentrations (125 µg/ml, 250 µg/ml, 500 µg/ml, 750 µg/ml, and 1000 µg/ml). The phytochemical screening showed the presence of various phytochemical groups such as phenolic compounds, saponins, sterols, tannins, flavonoids, reducing compounds and the absence of alkaloids in the four extracts. These same extracts showed average hemolytic activity sequentially: chloroformic extract, petroleum ether extract, aqueous extract and then methanolic extract. This activity is dependent on the concentration of the extract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this work was to analyse the chemical diversity of Lantana camara L. essential oils of native populations from Northeast Brazil. A total of 105 plants were collected in twenty-one municipalities from the state of Sergipe. The essential oil content ranged from 0.1% to 0.5%. Twenty-nine compounds and seven chemical clusters were identified and characterised by different numbers of plants and major compounds. E-caryophyllene (4.1–53.4%), germacrene D (2.8–48.3%), bicyclogermacrene (0.0–18.9%), α-humulene (0.7–39.0%) and α-curcumene (24.9–34.3%) were found in higher amounts and formed the chemical clusters. Results revealed chemical variability among L. camara native populations from Northeast Brazil. This knowledge was fundamental for the implantation of a collection of L. camara in the Active Germplasm Bank of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of the Federal University of Sergipe and will allow studies on the potential biological activities of the essential oil from conserved plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this pedagogical experience, research is used as a pedagogical strategy, the scientific inquiry competence was developed in the students of the science club at Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria School, through the study of the medicinal plants in the urban area of Planeta Rica (Córdoba) based on the preliminary determination of secondary metabolites. To do this, fresh plant material was collected from three medicinal plants commonly known as salvia (Croton conduplicatus Kunth), altamisa (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L) and venturosa (Lantana camara L). They were pressed and sent to the Colombian national herbarium for proper identification; subsequently, fresh leaves were collected from each plant and subjected to extraction by maceration for eight days using as solvent 96% of ethanol. Each extract was concentrated by evaporation and subjected to preliminary phytochemical march, suggesting the presence of secondary metabolites such as phenolic compounds, coumarins, flavonoids, terpenes, cardenolides, tannins, saponins and alkaloids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The propose of this study was to estimate the antioxidant activity of methanolic extract, its fractions and three pure compounds lantadene A (1), oleanolic acid (2) and lantanilic acid (3) of the aerial parts of the Lantana camara Linn. by using the DPPH assay. Our results demonstrated that methanolic extract, its aqueous, petroleum ether insoluble and ethyl acetate soluble fractions were found to be active. The pure compound oleanolic acid also showed antioxidant activity while ascorbic acid was used as positive control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Red sage (Lantana camara L.) (Verbenaceae) is a widely spread plant that was traditionally used in Brazil, India, Kenya, Thailand, Mexico, Nigeria, Australia and Southeast Asia for treating several ailments including rheumatism and leprosy. Despite its historical role in relieving respiratory diseases, limited studies progressed to the plant's probable inhibition to respiratory viruses especially after the striking spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory activity of different L. camara cultivars to SARS-CoV-2, that was not previously inspected, and clarify their mechanisms of action in the metabolomics viewpoint, and to determine the biomarkers that are related to such activity using UPLC-MS/MS coupled to in vitro -studies and chemometric analysis. Chemical profiling of different cultivars was accomplished via UPLC-MS/MS. Principle component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projection to latent structures (OPLS) models were built using SIMCA® (multivariate data analysis software). Cytotoxicity and COVID-19 inhibitory activity testing were done followed by TaqMan Real-time RT-PCR (Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) assay that aimed to study extracts' effects on RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and E-genes expression levels. Detected biomarkers from OPLS analysis were docked into potential targets pockets to investigate their possible interaction patterns using Schrodinger® suite. UPLC-MS/MS analysis of different cultivars yielded 47 metabolites, most of them are triterpenoids and flavonoids. PCA plots revealed that inter-cultivar factor has no pronounced effect on the chemical profiles of extracts except for L. camara , cultivar Drap d'or flowers and leaves extracts as well as for L. camara cv Chelsea gem leaves extract. Among the tested extracts, flowers and leaves extracts of L. camara cv Chelsea gem, flowers extracts of L. camara cv Spreading sunset and L. camara cv Drap d'or showed the highest selectivity indices scoring 12.3, 10.1, 8.6 and 7.8, respectively, indicating their relative high safety and efficacy. Leaves and flowers extracts of L. camara cv Chelsea gem, flowers extracts of L. camara cv Spreading sunset and L. camara cv Drap d'or were the most promising inhibitors to viral plaques exhibiting IC 50 values of 3.18, 3.67, 4.18 and 5.01 μg/mL, respectively. This was incremented by OPLS analysis that related their promising COVID-19 inhibitory activities to the presence of twelve biomarkers. Inhibiting the expression of RdRp gene is the major mechanism behind the antiviral activity of most extracts at almost all concentration levels. Molecular docking of the active biomarkers against RdRp revealed that isoverbascoside, luteolin-7,4'-O-diglucoside, camarolic acid and lantoic acid exhibited higher docking scores of −11.378, −10.64, −6.72 and −6.07 kcal/mol, respectively, when compared to remdesivir (−5.75 kcal/mol), thus these four compounds can serve as promising anti-COVID-19 candidates. Flowers and leaves extracts of four L. camara cultivars were recognized as rich sources of phytoconstituents possessing anti-COVID-19 activity. Combination of UPLC-MS/MS and chemometrics is a promising approach to detect chemical composition differences among the cultivars and correlate them to COVID-19 inhibitory activities allowing to pinpoint possible biomarkers. Further in-vitro and in-vivo studies are required to verify their activity. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: There is a growing interest of industry to replace synthetic chemicals by natural products with bioactive properties from plant origin. The aim of the present study was the phytochemical characterization and in vitro antioxidant of Lantana camara L. e Lantana montevidensis Briq. The bicyclogermacrene (19.42%), isocaryophyllene (16.70%), valencene (12.94%) and germacrene D (12.34%) were the main constituents of the oil from L. camara, while in the oil from L. montevidensis were β-caryophyllene (31.50%), germacrene D (27.50%) and bicyclogermacrene (13.93%). Phenolic compounds were identified; flavonoids (quercetin and rutin) and phenolic acids (gallic, chlorogenic and caffeic acids) were quantified by HPLC-DAD. Free radical scavenger properties of essential oils and ethanolic extracts were assessed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Essential oils and extracts promoted an inhibition of the radical DPPH. The extracts of the leaves exhibit lowest IC50 values, indicating the highest potential as free radical scavengers. Our research indicates that those plants good potential in scavenging free radicals and can be an important source of antioxidant phytochemical. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of Bioscience Journal is the property of Bioscience Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, we sequenced, assembled and reported the complete chloroplast genome of Lantana camara an important medicinal plant for the first time. The genome is circular and quadripartite in structure; it has a length of 154,388 bp, 39.2% GC content and harbored 137 genes including 90 protein-coding genes, 39 tRNAs, and 8 rRNAs. The genome contained a large single-copy of 85,198 bp and a small single-copy of 17,249 bp separated by a pair of inverted repeat regions. The phylogenetic relationship showed a close relationship between L. camara and Lippia origanoides. The plastome sequence reported in this study will help for future research on the species and evolutionary studies of Verbenaceae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

FN-doped carbon dots were synthesized using powdered leaves of Moringa oleifera L./Chromolaena odorata L./Tridax procumbens L./Tinospora cordifolia L./ and Lantana camara L., along with a precursor called 4,5-difluoro-1,2-benzenediamine (DFBD) and compared against the drug zaltoprofen derived carbon dots. They were assessed for their optical and structural characteristics using photoluminescence (optimal emission λ of 600 nm), vibrational (FTIR) spectroscopy (characteristic wave numbers of 1156 and 1269 cm−1 for C–F), as well as X-ray diffraction (XRD) (highest intensity at 27.56°) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) (particles in the size range of 15–20 nm). Further, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) / energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) indicated FN doping of oval/oblong carbon dots. Membrane protection in percent is found to be 55.3 and 80.4 for FN-CDs and Z-FN-CDs respectively. The DPPH-free radical scavenging activity by FN-CDs was 69.4%, while with Z-FN-CDs, it was 54.2%. When tested on six bacterial strains (three each for gram-positive and gram-negative), the FN-CDs displayed a halo (ZOI) between 9 and 19 mm, whereas the Z-FN-CDs displayed a clearance zone between 9 and 17 mm. The FN-CDs showed significant emission-red-shift effects and demonstrated concentration-dependent biocompatibility and viability in neuroblastoma and beta-TC6-cell lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To evaluate antimicrobial activity of ten plant extracts on antimicrobial resistant organisms and investigate interactions of these extracts with antimicrobials against resistant organisms. Methods: The antimicrobial potential of ethanolic leaf extract of Aberia caffra Hook. f. & Harv., Azadirachta indica L., Dodonaea viscosa L., Ficus nitida L., Lanatana camara L., Myrtus communis L., Olea europaea L., Ruta graveolens, Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi and Vitex agnus-castus L. was investigated against eleven drug resistant organisms by agar well diffusion method. The interaction of these extracts with antimicrobials was assessed. Results: Ethanolic extracts of Dodonaea viscosa leaves had antibacterial activity against ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) quinolone resistant Salmonella typhi (S. typhi) and ESBL and carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumonia (K. pneumonia). Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi leaves showed antibacterial activity against ESBL and carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae and fluconazole resistant C. albicans. Myrtus communis leave extracts demonstrated activity against ESBLproducing E. coli and fluconazole resistant A. fumigatus. Ruta graveolens L. revealed activity against quinolone resistant S. typhi and fluconazole resistant A. fumigatus. Vitex agnus-castus, Aberia caffra Hook. f. & Harv. and Azadirachta indica L. leaf extracts had activity against ESBL-producing E. coli. Olea europaea L. had activity against quinolone resistant A. baumannii. Ruta graveolens L. and Myrtus communis L. were the only extracts showing synergistic effect in association with voriconazole against fluconazole resistant A. fumigatus. Conclusion: Tested plant leaf extracts had great potential as antimicrobial agents against at least one drug resistant microorganism. Isolation of active components and further studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of these products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae) is a medicinal plant largely used in folk medicine for the treatment of various diseases, but it is also a highly noxious weeds causing serious damage to both animals and humans. We have studied the glucose lowering effect of ethanolic extract from leaves of L. camara (Lc) in euglycemic Wistar rats that were treated with the multi-organ protective and adjuvant grape seed and skin extract (GSSE). The Lc leaf extract was administered at various doses during 3 weeks. Glycemia was evaluated each week and liver glycogen and insulinemia as well as pancreas oxidative stress and energy fueling disturbances measured at the end of the treatment. Data mainly showed that Lc leaf extract lowered plasma glucose without affecting insulinemia, elevated liver glycogen along with increased oxidative stress and disturbed energy fueling as TCA cycle, glycolysis, neoglucogenesis, and ETC complex enzymes within pancreas. GSSE acted as an efficient adjuvant that improved and counteracted all toxic side effects generated by the Lc leaf extract within pancreas. Our data mainly showed that Lc leaf extract exerted glucose lowering activity that could be exploited in the struggle against diabetes, but also harbored toxic side effects within pancreas that was in fine corrected upon GSSE treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The limiting factor in the utilization of herbal medicine is the risk of replacement or substitution of their plant resources. Therefore, the authentication of medicinal plants before its use in herbal medicines is essentially required. Hence, the prime objective of this study was to provide some reliable morpho‐anatomical and morpho‐palynological tools for the identification of nine traditional therapeutic plants of district Lahore. For this study, scanning electron microscopic and light microscopic approaches has been employed. Results reported great variations in qualitative and quantitative morpho‐anatomical features of the epidermal cell, stomatal complexes, trichomes, silica bodies and oil droplets. For example, Aegle marmelos L. can be distinguished from Cestrum diurnum L. based on epidermal cell shapes, as irregular cells in former and lobed cells shape in later one. Similarly unicellular, bicellular, and multicellular trichomes could be an identification basis for Cynodon dactylon L., Lantana camara L., and Pongamia pinnata L., respectively. In combination with these morpho‐anatomical characters, SEM‐based morpho‐palynological characterization also reported diagnostic value. Both the Aegle marmelos and Lantana camara possessed similar cell shape (irregular) but can be delimited based on their pollen morphology as spheroidal pollen was reported in Aegle marmelos whereas prolate in Lantana camara. Moreover, quantitative characters also aid well for species delimitation, such as prolate pollen found in both Cestrum diurnum and Terminalia chebula Retz. but both of these varied in their P/E ratio, that is, 0.97 and 0.88, respectively. The leaf epidermal characters in correlation with morph‐palynological traits showed potential for taxonomic resolution at the species level. Research Highlights: This study provides valuable morpho‐anatomical and morpho‐palynological tools for the nine traditional therapeutic plants of the district, Lahore, Pakistan. Light and scanning electron microscopic studies provided useful systematic data for the identification of studied plants. This systematic data include moprho‐anatomical and morpho‐palynological keys for the studied plants. This data can be used for future identification purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To test the in vitro antimicrobial efficacy of water and methanol extracts of 23 plant species that are commonly used in Libyan folk medicine. Methods: The antimicrobial activity was determined using the well-diffusion method. Four test microorganisms were used namely, Escherichia coli, Salmonella species, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined for the high biologically active crude plant extracts. Results: Among 23 medicinal plants used in the study, only 5 methanolic extracts [ Rosmarinus offcinalis L., Carduus marianium L., Lantana camara L., Rhus tripartite (ueria) Grande, and Thymus capitatus (L.) Hoffm (link)] showed the highest antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Salmonella species, while 22 methanolic and aqueous extracts showed moderate to weak antimicrobial activity on all tested organisms. However 19 of the extracts showed no activity at all against Gram-ve and Gram +ve microorganisms. MIC was found to be 1.25 mg/mL ( Thymus capitatus), 3 mg/mL ( Rhus tripartite), 4 mg/mL ( Carduus marianium), 5 mg/mL ( Rosamarinus officinalis) and 5 mg/mL ( Lantana camara), respectively. Conclusions: The present results revealed that, crude methanolic extracts of the investigated Libyan folk medicinal plants exhibited mild to high in vitro antibacterial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to document the usage of exotic plant species in Bargarh district, Western Odisha, India. It was based on both bibliographic sources and the survey to the documentation of exotic plants in Bargarh district, western Odisha, India. Periodic field surveys were carried out as interviews with 46 well-known inhabitants, the local villagers and practitioners involved in herbal medicines from Binjhal tribes. Seventy four species belonging to 65 genera and 33 families are reported. Asteraceae family contributed the highest number of species (11), six species were from both Amaranthaceae and Fabaceae, five from Poaceae; four species of Euphobiaceae; three species each from four families viz. Convolvulaceae, Malvaceae, Onagraceae, and Verbenaceae; two species each from six families i.e. Arecaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Capparaceae, Lamiaceae, Portulacaceae, Solanaceae; one species each from rest 18 families. Out of 74 species, a total of 41 species are native to Tropical America; five species are native to Mexico; each of three species to America; each of two species to Africa, Brazil, Europe, the Mediterranean, and South America; each of one species to Australia, Central America, China, Madagascar, Malaysia, North America, Pantropic, Peru, South America (1824), South America (17th cent.), Tropical West Asia, Tropical Africa, Tropical America (Bf1824), Tropical South America, and West Indies. The uses of exotic plants for various purposes indicated by the native peoples are discussed here. The present study gives complete and efficient documentation of exotic plants in the Bargarh district of Western Odisha that will provide a tool for maintaining the local biodiversity. Some plant species, such as Alternanthera sessilis, Borassus flabellifer, Cassia tora, Cleome gynandra, Datura metel, Gomphressa globosa, Sida acuta, Zinnia elegans, etc. may have potential as medicinal plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Tanzania has rich medicinal plant (MP) resources, and most rural inhabitants rely on traditional healing practices for their primary healthcare needs. However, available research evidence on antimalarial MPs is highly fragmented in the country. Objective: This systematic review compiles ethnomedicinal research evidence on MPs used by tanzanians as antimalarials. Materials and methods: A systematic web search was conducted using various electronic databases and grey materials to gather relevant information on antimalarial MPs utilized by tanzanians. the review was per the Preferred Reporting items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRiSMA) statement. the data were collected from 25 articles, and MS excel software was used to analyse relevant ethnobotanical information using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 227 MPs belonging to 67 botanical families and 180 genera were identified. Fabaceae (15.9%) is the most frequently utilized family. the ethnobotanical recipes analysis indicated leaves (40%) and trees (44%) are the preferred MPs part and life form, respectively. Decoctions (67%) are the dominant preparation method of remedies. Of the recorded MPs, 25.9% have been scientifically investigated for antimalarial activities with positive results. However, 74.1% of MPs have no scientific records on antimalarial activities, but they could be potential sources of remedies. Conclusions: the study discloses a wealth of antimalarial MPs possessed by tanzanians and suggests a need for research to authenticate the healing potential of antimalarial compounds from the unstudied MPs. Additionally, it indicates that some of the presented MPs are potential sources for developing safe, effective and affordable antimalarial drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With globalization, improved farming methods, and deforestation resulting from the expansion of cities, there is a need to preserve ethnobotanical knowledge of plants, especially medicinal plants, through systematic research. This current study aimed to collect ethnobotanical information on the biodiversity of plants and the relationship of knowledge on the uses of plants among the Thai Phuan ethnic group in Ban Phue District, Udon Thani Province, Thailand. This study was conducted between August 2022 and July 2023 using semi-structured interviews of 30 informants. Data were analyzed using Use Value (UV), Cultural Importance Index (CI), Fidelity Level (FL), and Informant Agreement Ratio (IAR). The study showed that plants from 81 families and 243 species have beneficial properties. The most essential and valuable families of plants include the Fabaceae, Rubiaceae, and Zingiberaceae, respectively. In classifying plants according to their use, 148 species were used as food plants. The most commonly used plant parts are fruits, leaves, and young shoots. There were 113 species of medicinal plants, mainly from the Fabaceae family (11 species). The top three plant parts used for medicinal purposes are the leaves, roots, and tubers. These plants are used to treat symptoms of 13 types of diseases and for rituals, culture, traditions, and beliefs. The study also revealed that some plants were used for multiple purposes. These plants are valuable to the local people in terms of their use. Information obtained from this study can be used as a guideline for conserving plant resources in the study area for future generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medicinal plants used for wound healing in Lubumbashi have yet to be discovered. Inventory or profile of their taxa has yet to be established. The present study was carried out to survey the plants used in traditional medicine in Lubumbashi to treat wounds and to define their ethnomedical characteristics. The study was conducted between March 2021 and August 2022, using semistructured interview surveys of households (n = 2730), herbalists (n = 48), and traditional practitioners: TPs (n = 128).The 2,906 interviewed (sex ratio M/F = 0.9; mean age: 56 ± 3 years; and experience: 17 ± 4 years) provided information on 166 taxa, 130 used against chronic wounds, among which Securidaca longepedunculata was the top cited. Most of these taxa are shrubs (33%), belonging to 48 botanical families dominated by the Fabaceae (16%). They are indicated in 70 other pathologies. From these 166 taxa, 198 healing recipes are obtained, 11 combining more than one plant. In all these recipes, the leaf (>36%) is the most used part, and the poultice (>36%) is the most popular form of use. Twelve taxa are cited for the first time as medicinal plants, of which Agelanthus zizyphifolius has the highest consensus and Erigeron sumatrensis has the highest usual value. For the various plants used to treat wounds, some of which are specific to the region, further studies should focus on validating this traditional use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The high virulence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has triggered global health and economic concerns. The absence of specific antiviral treatments and the side effects of repurposed drugs present persistent challenges. This study explored a promising antiviral herbal extract against SARS-CoV-2 from selected Thai medicinal plants based on in vitro efficacy and evaluated its antiviral lead compounds by molecular docking. Methods: Twenty-two different ethanolic-aqueous crude extracts (CEs) were rapidly screened for their potential activity against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) as a surrogate using a plaque reduction assay. Extracts achieving ≥ 70% anti-PEDV efficacy proceeded to the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity test using a 50% tissue culture infectious dose method in Vero E6 cells. Molnupiravir and extract-free media served as positive and negative controls, respectively. Potent CEs underwent water/ethyl acetate fractionation to enhance antiviral efficacy, and the fractions were tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 performance. The fraction with the highest antiviral potency was identified using liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC–HRMS). Molecular docking analyses of these compounds against the main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 (6LU7) were performed to identify antiviral lead molecules. The top three hits were further evaluated for their conformational stability in the docked complex using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Results: The water fraction of mulberry (Morus alba Linn.) leaf CE (WF-MLCE) exhibited the most potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 efficacy with low cytotoxicity profile (CC50 of ~ 0.7 mg/mL), achieving 99.92% in pre-entry mode and 99.88% in postinfection treatment mode at 0.25 mg/mL. Flavonoids and conjugates were the predominant compounds identified in WF-MLCE. Molecular docking scores of several flavonoids against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro demonstrated their superior antiviral potency compared to molnupiravir. Remarkably, myricetin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside, maragrol B, and quercetin 3-O-robinobioside exhibited binding energies of ~ − 9 kcal/mol. The stability of each ligand–protein complex of these compounds with the Mpro system showed stability during MD simulation. These three molecules were pronounced as antiviral leads of WF-MLCE. Given the low cytotoxicity and high antiviral potency of WF-MLCE, it holds promise as a candidate for future therapeutic development for COVID-19 treatment, especially considering its economic and pharmacological advantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article investigates the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal characteristics of 12 medicinal plant species in Mizoram, northeast India. Topics include the level of AM fungal colonization in different plant species, with Kalanchoe pinnata showing the highest colonization and Hedyotis scandens the lowest; the spore density of AM fungi, which ranges from 477 to 1479 per 50 g of soil; and the dominance of the genus Glomus among the fungi.

Identification of the phytochemical composition of plants is vital in new drug discovery and lead compound development for the management of infectious and non-infectious diseases. Lantana camara is an important medicinal essential oil-producing plant used in folklore medicine for the treatment of several diseases. This study evaluated the phytochemical composition and profiled the biologically active principles present in L. camara leaf extracts collected from Orba, Enugu State of Nigeria. The profiling of L. camara leaves methanol and aqueous extracts was done using qualitative and quantitative phytochemical and GC-MS techniques. The phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids and other phenolic compounds. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in the steroids, saponins, terpenoids, glycosides and phenolic contents of methanol and aqueous extracts. The phenolic content in methanol (1563.85±0.07 mg/100g) and aqueous (1425.23±0.36 mg/100g) were significantly higher than other phytochemicals tested in this study. There was significantly (p < 0.05) higher alkaloids (506.74±5.52 mg/100g), flavonoids (372.04±8.39 mg/100g) and tannins (1426.43±7.43 mg/100g) in the methanol compared with the aqueous extracts with 349.92±13.10 mg/100g, 231.99±6.16 mg/100g and 1351.62±20.6 mg/100g respectively. The GC-MS analysis showed the presence of 39 biologically important compounds which included bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, 9,19-cyclolanostan-3-ol-11-one acetate, 4H-1-benzopyran-4-one-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl), n-hexadecanoic acid, (Z)-7-hexadecenal, phytol acetate, phytol, 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol and bicyclo [4.4.0] dec-2-ene-4-ol 2-methyl-9-(prop-1-en-3-ol-2-yl). The phytochemical analysis and the GC-MS profiling of the extracts of L. camara showed the presence of biologically important phytochemicals which could be responsible for the ethnomedicinal effects of L. camara. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract FN-doped carbon dots were synthesized using powdered leaves of Moringa oleifera L./Chromolaena odorata L./Tridax procumbens L./Tinospora cordifolia L./ and Lantana camara L., along with a precursor called 4,5-difluoro-1,2-benzenediamine (DFBD) and compared against the drug zaltoprofen derived carbon dots. They were assessed for their optical and structural characteristics using photoluminescence (optimal emission λ of 600 nm), vibrational (FTIR) spectroscopy (characteristic wave numbers of 1156 and 1269 cm−1 for C–F), as well as X-ray diffraction (XRD) (highest intensity at 27.56°) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) (particles in the size range of 15–20 nm). Further, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) / energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) indicated FN doping of oval/oblong carbon dots. Membrane protection in percent is found to be 55.3 and 80.4 for FN-CDs and Z-FN-CDs respectively. The DPPH-free radical scavenging activity by FN-CDs was 69.4%, while with Z-FN-CDs, it was 54.2%. When tested on six bacterial strains (three each for gram-positive and gram-negative), the FN-CDs displayed a halo (ZOI) between 9 and 19 mm, whereas the Z-FN-CDs displayed a clearance zone between 9 and 17 mm. The FN-CDs showed significant emission-red-shift effects and demonstrated concentration-dependent biocompatibility and viability in neuroblastoma and beta-TC6-cell lines.

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Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Químico-Farmacéuticas is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Lantana camara is a plant used in traditional medicine to treat various diseases. The cytotoxic potential of Lantana camara leaves has been reported for extracts and isolated pure compounds. So this study aims to test the cytotoxic potential of β-sitosterol isolated from the leaves of Lantana camara using in silico (Molecular docking) as well as in-vitro MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay against T47D and HeLa cancer cells. In this study, the isolation of β-sitosterol from the ethyl acetate extract of Lantana camara leaves was carried out by gravity column chromatography and purification by recrystallisation. The isolated compound was obtained as a white amorphous solid with a melting point of 136-137 °C. The structure of the isolated compound was determined by extensive IR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectra data analysis and with comparison to literature data. The molecular docking results for β-sitosterol showed good docking score values of -8.11 kcal/mol against Bcl-2 and -7.276 kcal/mol against HPV16 E7, as well as a Root Mean Score Deviation (RMSD) value ≤ 2 compared to the standard anticancer drug doxorubicin, -9.230 kcal/mol against Bcl-2 and -8.288 kcal/mol (HPV16 E7), respectively. The results of the potential cytotoxic test of β-sitosterol using the MTT method showed its high cytotoxic properties against T47D (breast cancer cell line) and HeLa (cervical cancer cell line) with IC50 values of 9.98 μg/mL and 10.31 μg/mL, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medicinal plants are a major source of numerous therapeutic agents, and the emergence of pathogenic bacteria has rekindled interest in traditional medicine systems as an alternative approach to overcoming resistance. The dried plant material of four medicinal plants, namely Terminalia arjuna (bark), Terminalia bellirica (fruit), Aegle marmelos (leaves), and Bacopa monnieri (leaves), was powdered, and aqueous extracts were prepared. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was evaluated against three clinically important strains: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli 385. As E. coli 385 was resistant to the broadest spectrum of antibiotics tested, it was classified as (MDR multi-drug resistant). E. coli, Bacillus subtilis, Mycobacterium smegmatis (MTTC), and Vibrio alginolyticus (ATCC) were also assessed using the agar well diffusion method for zones of inhibition and minimum inhibitory/bactericidal concentration (MIC/MBC). Clinically important strains were found to be sensitive to the aqueous extract of T. bellerica (19.51 ± 0.61 mm) with MICs ranging from 0.31 to 0.62 mg/ml. The MDR strain was also sensitive to Bellirica monnieri (16.10 ± 0.31 mm) aqueous extract. To determine the potential for a wide range of applications, the antioxidant activities of the extracts were evaluated using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. The T. arjuna plant extract exhibited the highest radical scavenging activity with the lowest EC50 values for DPPH (1.15 ± 0.061 mg/ml) and ABTS (1.02 ± 0.07 mg/ml). The plant extracts were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and LC-MS/MS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted in the Ramshehar tehsil of district Solan (H.P.) to record and compile the traditional ethnomedicinal knowledge used by the local inhabitants for oral health care. A total of 40 ethnomedicinal plants belonging to 25 families were reported from the study area. Direct interviews, group discussions, and pre-tested questionnaires from the respondents were used in the documentation of data. Most of the plant species reported from the study area belong to Fabaceae and Moraceae (4 species each), followed by the Euphorbiaceae, Lamiaceae and Rutaceae (3 species each). Maximum plant species collected from the study area were trees (50%), followed by shrubs (35%), herbs (12%) and climbers (3%). The twigs (34%) were the most used plant parts followed by leaves (18%) and latex (14%) for oral health care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study the structure-activity correlation of four medicinal plants – Ocimum basilicum L., Piper betle L., Grewia asiatica L., Lantana camara L. in crude methanolic extract. These plants have been used in Ayurvedic preparation as alternative medicine. The contents of phenolic compounds (flavonoids, anthocyanin) and antioxidant capacities were evaluated. Design/methodology/approach – Folin-Ciocalteu method was used for the analysis of the phenolic compounds. Total flavonoids were also evaluated. DPPH, ABTS+, FRAP and H2O2 assays were used to evaluate antioxidant activity. Most of the assays were determined spectrometrically. Findings – O. basilicum L. had the highest of total phenolics content (305.11 mg GAE/g), highest content of anthocyanins (15.427 mg/Kg) and total flavonoids (9.692 QE mg/g). The DPPH, ABTS+, FRAP and H2O2 assay indicated that these plants possessed considerable antioxidant activities. Originality/value – The results also showed that O. basilicum and L. camara from red colored cultivars possessed high contents of phenolic compounds. FRAP assay showed AOA in the following sequence – Lantana camara>Ocimum basilicum>Piper betle>Grewia asiatica. Since L. camara showed highest antioxidant capacity thus it can be a potential resource for commercial antioxidant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biological invasion by alien invasive species is now recognized as one of the major threats to native species and ecosystems. Parthenium weed ( Parthenium hysterophorus L.), an alien invasive weed species, is spreading throughout Pakistan. Worldwide, it has been designated as one of the most troublesome weed species. The adverse effects of this weed on human beings, livestock, crop production, and biodiversity are well-documented. As a result of a lack of information on its spread in Pakistan since its invasion, a phytosociological survey, with special reference to parthenium weed, was carried out in Islamabad from August–October 2002. Six main sectors of Islamabad were selected for sampling. The phytosociological survey of these sectors of Islamabad revealed a total of 30 weed species to be associated with P. hysterophorus. The survey also showed a high relative frequency, relative density, and importance value of P. hysterophorus in general; however, the percentage relative frequency of the weed in these sectors ranged from 10.6–30.3%. This survey revealed that P. hysterophorus had an appreciable degree of sociability with Senna occidentalis (L.) Link, Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.) Garcke and Lantana camara (L.). The data on the association of L. camara with P. hysterophorus suggests that a transition phase of competition or succession is in progress between these two alien species. The population of many common medicinal plants growing in the wastelands of Islamabad might be rapidly declining because of the aggressive colonization by P. hysterophorus. The ever-increasing infestation of this weed in urban areas also poses a serious threat to the health of the inhabitants of Islamabad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Since ancient times natural plant parts were extensively used for the treatment and prevention of Ear, Nose and Throat related diseases. ENT related diseases are caused by various types of micro-organism. Eleven ethnic groups (Bhumij, Birhor, Gond, Sabar, Kharwar, Kurmi, Lodha, Malpaharya, Sardar, Oraon, Santal) present in Purulia district. Objectives: This study aims to record herbal plants used in the traditional treatment of ENT related ailments in Purulia district of West Bengal. Materials and Methods: Semi-structured questionnaire, interviews with traditional healers and focused group discussion were used to gather ethnobotanical data Results: This investigation listed 24 species in 20 plant families that are beneficial for treating ENT disorders in the Purulia district of West Bengal. Conclusion: The primary source of information on therapeutic plants is traditional healers. This information has been passed down orally from one generation to the next, but it appears that it is fading from modern society since young people are not interested to continue this tradition. So, the traditional wisdom on ethnobotanicals should be digitized for future references in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethnopharmacological Relevance. Mental and neurological disorders are a serious public health challenge globally, particularly in developing countries where cultural factors and limited access to standard healthcare have led to a reliance on traditional medicines. However, ethnopharmacological characterization of traditional medicines used to treat these diseases is lacking. In this study, an ethnobotanical description of plant species used in treating mental and neurological disorders in Ghana and an update of their experimentally validated pharmacological relevance are provided. Materials and Methods. Two hundred herbalists agreed to participate but sixty-six specialized in treating mental and neurological disorders were interviewed on their traditional medical practice. Literature review was conducted to verify the experimentally validated pharmacological importance of the reported plants. Results. Thirty-two plant species belonging to twenty-eight families were identified. Most plant species had either analgesic (50%), anxiolytic (18.8%), or anticonvulsant (15.6%) properties. Others had reported sedative, anti-Alzheimer's disease, motor coordination, antipsychotic, antidepressant, cognitive enhancement, and neuroprotective properties. While Ageratum conyzoides L. (Asteraceae) and Ocimum gratissimum L. (Lamiaceae) were the most commonly mentioned species with analgesic properties, Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae) was the most-reported anxiolytic product, with Cymbopogon citratus DC. (Gramineae), Mangifera indica L., Tetrapleura tetraptera Schum Taub. (Fabaceae), and Persea Americana Mill (Lauraceae) being the most studied anticonvulsants. Conclusions. This study provides the first report specifically on medicinal plants used in treating mental and neurological disorders in Ghana. Most of the identified plants have been scientifically confirmed to possess neuro- and psychopharmacological properties and may serve as templates for drug development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Indonesia is the biggest archipelago country with the second biggest biodiversity in the world. A lot of medical plants for treating various diseases can be found in Indonesia, including medical plants for tuberculosis, an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Objective: The goal of this research is to document the information of Indonesia indigenous medical plants that used various local societies to treat tuberculosis and also analyze active compounds of medical plants with proteins that related to tuberculosis. Methods and Materials: The annotation of medical plants for treating tuberculosis was collected from a various source comprising local research papers, theses, and other resources. The information of active compound was taken from Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases. A network of active compounds-proteins was analyzed by using Cytoscape 3.6.0. Results: The result described that there were twenty-seven species from nineteen families of medical plants used by local societies of Indonesia for tuberculosis therapy, and there were sundry of active compounds from fourteen medical plants had direct interaction with proteins related tuberculosis. Conclusion: Most of the active compounds targeted proteins that had a prominent role in immune system. It indicated that medical plants treating tuberculosis through regulating immunity of human body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethnopharmacological relevance Lantana camara is a popular invasive weed utilized in the management of ulcer in different part of world. Study of specific compound present in this plant responsible for their antulcer activity is main topic of concern. Current study designed for evaluation of the antiulcer activity of oleane-12-en-3β-ol-28-oic acid 3β-D-glucopyranoside (OAG) from Lantana camara L. Materials and methods Antiulcer activity was carried out on NSAID’s (Aspirin) and ethanol induced ulcer model. The efficacy of the OAG on ulcer index, percentage protection and gastric acid secretion were evaluated. Results Ulcer protection percentage (38.37%) was significant (P < 0.001) higher in the groups treated with the higher OAG dose (50 mg/kg), it also recover the mucosa with no redness, no inflammation, mild dilation of blood vessels. OAG significantly (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001) reduce acidity, free acidity and gastric acid volume. It also significantly (P < 0.01) increases the pH of stomach. Conclusion On the basis of results, it can be concluded that OAG shows significant gastroprotective activity by gastric acid secretion inhibition and afford protection against gastric mucosal damage. Further increase of prostaglandin E2 level establishes the mechanism of antiulcer activity of OAG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medicinal plants accommodated by understory habitats can easily suffer over-exploitation in the heavy harvest of natural products. It is necessary to develop a sustainable cultural protocol to provide high-quality stocks for efficient regeneration. Drought places stress on medicinal plants during their culture by limiting new sprout growth and reducing the quality of medicinal extracts. Artificial mediating approaches should be considered in a sustainable regime of medicinal plant culture to test the potential tradeoff between resistance to drought and production ability. In this study, Rabdosia rubescens seedlings were raised in three light-emitting diode (LED) spectra from red (71.7% red, 14.6% green, 13.7% blue), green (26.2% red, 17.4% green, 56.4% blue), and blue (17.8% red, 33.7% green, 48.5% blue) lights. Mown seedlings were subjected to a simulated drought event. Drought stressed the seedlings by reducing the growth, dry mass, nitrogen (N) uptake, and oridonin content. Mowing increased the oridonin content but decreased total C and N accumulation and the δ13C level. The red light benefitted starch accumulation only under the well-watered condition, and the green light induced an upregulation of δ13C but decreased antioxidant activity. Oridonin content was negatively associated with combined δ13C and catalase activity. Overall, either mowing or blue light can be recommended for the culture of R. rubescens to increase oridonin content, alleviating some of the negative consequences of drought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Folk medicinal knowledge of plants is vital in primary health care management system, predominantly in rural and remote areas. Managing cuts and wounds continues to be a significant healthcare issue, and it becomes even more critical when left untreated or improperly treated. The objective of this study is to carry out a survey on the use of medicinal plants for treating cuts and wounds in the village of Kailashpur in Assam. Materials and Methods: The information was collected through a semi-structured questionnaire from 30 informants in Kailashpur, Assam, India. Quantitative analysis of these data to find Use Value (UV), Frequency of Citation (FC), Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC), Family Use Value (FUV), Consensus Index (CI), Rehman's Similarity Index (RSI) and Jaccard Index (JI) also completed. Results: The present study documented 45 medicinal plant species belonging to 30 families and their mode of application. Compositae (5 species), Orchidaceae (4 species) and Leguminosae (3 species) were dominant families. Leaves were the most frequently used plant part (PPV 0.50). Curcuma longa and Ocimum tenuiflorum (UV 0.33) were the species most commonly used by the local people. Highest FC was calculated for Ageratum conyzoids (5.27), followed by Tagetes erecta (4.51). JI and RSI indicated that plant species reported in our study were more similar to the Tezpur region of Assam, India. Conclusion: The findings emphasize the significance of specific plant species in the treatment of cuts and wounds, and suggest that further scientific investigation can be pursued to discover potential therapeutics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

the present investigation deals with the folk knowledge of important woody medicinal plants species that are used by the rural folks of the five sites of Jalaun district of Bundelkhand region of uttar Pradesh, India for the management of different kinds of ailments, found in these sites. the majority of the common vegetation in the Jalaun district is represented by tropical dry deciduous forest and scrub thorn forest. the ethnobotanical investigation revealed 51 woody plant species belonging to 46 genera and 31 families. In this investigation caesalpiniaceae (5 sp.) was the dominant family followed by Mimosaceae, Moraceae (4 sp. each), Apocynaceae, Boraginaceae and Fabaceae (3 sp. each). Acacia catechu, Acacia nilotica, Azadirachta indica, Albizia lebbeck, Bauhinia variegata, calotropis gigantea, terminalia arjuna, Aegle marmelos, Justicia adhatoda, Ziziphus mauritiana and dalbergia sissoo were the most common plant species in the district. the investigation reveals that there is not any involvement of younger generation in this research so such knowledge is at the risk of disappearance in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and research objectives: Finding sustainable management options for the local communities that depend on medicinal plants is crucial in the face of human pressure on these plants. This study contributes to the sustainable management of medecinal plants in Togo. It aims to censusing medecinal plants and pathologies and identify the endogenous sustainable management strategies for medicinal plants in the Moba ethnic group of Togo. Methods: Data was collected through semi-structured ethnobotanical individual interviews with 50 traditional healers, recorded on a Microsoft Excel 10 spreadsheet and processed with the Sphinx5V software and the Microsoft Excel 10 table. Results: 166 medicinal plants were reported in the treatment of 91 pathologies dominated by dysmenorrhoea, stomachache, wounds, general and chronic asthenia, and infantile umbilical hernia. The most represented botanical families were: the Poaceae (12), the Combretaceae (10), and the Euphorbiaceae (10), Caesalpiniaceae (8), and Mimosaceae (7). The most important species according to the Species Importance Value Index (IVIsp) are: Vitellaria paradoxa (159.59), Parkia biglobosa (145.94), Securidaca longipedunculata (145.12), Diospyros mespiliformis (133.51), Annona senegalensis (123.88), Khaya senegalensis (110.52), Cymbopogon proximus (106.88), Cymbopogon giganteus (102.03), Zanthozylum zanthoxyloides (99.005). The most used plant parts are roots (18.6 %), leaves (17.85 %), bark of the trunk (16.66 %), the whole plant (14.28 %) and the fruits (12.30 %). Endogenous management strategies for medicinal plants include in situ protection in fields, reforestation, and respect for totemic trees, groves and sacred forests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cultivation of plants in environments polluted by metals at toxic levels can affect the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Here, we analysed the effect caused by excess copper on the concentration of chlorophylls a and b and the profile of secondary metabolites of Lantana fucata leaves. Five copper (Cu) treatments (mg Cu kg−1 soil) were tested: T0, 0; T1, 210; T2, 420; T3, 630; and T4, 840. We found that the concentrations of chlorophylls in the plants decreased when compared to the control. However, this did not lead to a significant reduction in its growth, possibly due to the low translocation of the metal to shoots and the activation of plant defence systems to tolerate the environment in which they are exposed, increasing the emission of lateral roots and activating pathways for the production of secondary metabolites. Therefore, we found a decrease in the concentration of two key compounds in secondary metabolism, p -coumaric and cinnamic acids in treatments with higher copper concentrations. We also found an increase in phenolics. Decreases in p -coumaric and cinnamic acids may have occurred because these are precursors in the synthesis of phenolic compounds, which are increased in the high Cu treatments. Six secondary metabolites were characterised, described for the first time for this plant species. Thus, the presence of excess Cu in the soil may have triggered an increase in the amount of reactive oxygen species in the plants, which that led to the synthesis of antioxidant compounds, as a defence strategy. The cultivation of plants in environments polluted by metals at toxic levels can affect the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. In this study, we found an increase in the concentration of phenolic compounds caused by the excess of copper (Cu) in the culture medium. Described here for the first time, we identified six secondary metabolites in Lantana fucata leaves when exposed to high Cu environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

THE JALAWASTU Cultural Village Community is located in Brebes Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. They practice local traditions and culture through the use of various plants, including medicinal types. Therefore, this research aims to determine the medicinal plant species used with their benefits, cultural importance, and knowledge transfer through interviews and field surveys. These plants were analyzed descriptively, while the cultural importance index was determined quantitatively by calculating the ICS (Index of Cultural Significance) value. The results showed that there were 74 medicinal plants from 37 families. Zingiberaceae was the most widely used at 15.3%, followed by Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Malvaceae, Myrtaceae, and Poaceae at 5.5%. These species could treat 49 disease, and the ICS analysis ranged from 1.5 to 51, where coconut has the highest value at 51. The source of knowledge is obtained from parents, relatives, or neighbors. The intensity of its benefits in the younger generation tends to be low, which can cause the gradual loss of knowledge. In conclusion, the community in the Jalawastu Cultural Village still traditionally uses plants to treat various diseases and provide health care. Meanwhile, medicinal plants in this area have an essential role in the community's lives. It is necessary to carry out scientific research, preclinical and clinical tests to ensure the content of phytochemical compounds, effectiveness, safety, chronic toxicity, pharmacological studies, standardization, and interactions with medicinal ingredients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been a constant struggle to fight against alien species across the world. This struggle has been a costly affair and unproductive in most cases. However, the Mao-Naga community of Manipur, India, approaches these plants holistically and positively to boost community health. The community has incorporated these plants into their folk pharmacopeia by discovering, based on trial-anderror approaches or by intuition, the medicinal properties of these plants. This approach can bring a positive impact to combat the invasiveness of alien plants, control their population and thereby sustain the population of the native plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper deals with the traditional uses of 20 medicinal plant species by some ethnic populace of the Angul district of Odisha. This ethnomedicinal study shows that the leaf, root, and fruit are the top three plant parts used. Vanda tessellata (Roxb.) Lodd. ex G. Don was the only epiphytic species and quite an important medicinal plant on the list. The plants possess a good range of medicinal properties to cure several ailments such as stomach, kidney, liver, cardiac, rheumatism, bone fracture, asthma, and skin problems, used as antidote, appetizer, and also effective for other diseases like fertility, general illness, fever, swellings, throat pain, etc. Large-scale commercial cultivation of these potential medicinal plants in a sustainable way is the urgent need of the hour with direct participation of the local tribal people and equal sharing of benefits and proper credit to them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer is a slow-developing non-communicable disease that causes a high rate of morbidity and mortality among the sufferers. Apart from genetic predisposition, the main reasons for cancers are following the wrong lifestyle and food habits. The contemporary treatments of cancer target to increase the life span of the sufferers and to reduce the severity of the disease, but such efforts are having many serious side effects. Along with the correction of lifestyle, regular intake of selected succulent fruits, vegetables, and parts of anti-cancer plants as some medicine can combat almost all cancers. The succulent parts of every medicinal plant contain an enormous number of metabolites that act cumulatively together following various pathways inside the body. The nature-gifted succulent biomedicines that are considered edible in traditional uses have a far lesser chance of showing toxic effects than synthetic chemicals; isolated phytochemicals or their structural analogs obtained from any plant have actual characteristics like synthetic chemicals. There is possibly in-home neutralization of side effects and potentiation of activities of each other by the metabolites present in the succulent plant parts. Anticancer medicinal plants can be used therapeutically for the prevention and cure of cancers at their succulent stages after some adoptive research of dose and toxicity. To avoid the problems of regional and seasonal availability of medicinal plants and other problems in their direct use as medicines, bio-preservative added, and bioencapsulated succulent biomedicines can be produced, either singly or as some mixtures of the selected biomedicines. An outline of the production, storage, and global transportation of such anti-cancer biomedicines is displayed and a list of 934 anticancer plants (including 124 edible fruits, 124 edible vegetables, and 114 other possibly non-toxic plant parts) with various details regarding their nature and efficacies are described in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Candidiasis, an opportunistic cosmopolitan disease is nowadays like bacterial infections which is a real public health problem. In view of the emergence of Candida strains resistant to existing antifungal agents, alternative solutions should be considered. This is the purpose of this ethnobotanical survey, which aims to identify the medicinal plant species traditionally used to treat candidiasis in traditional markets of southern Benin. Methods: The study was performed from October 2015 to January 2018 in the traditional markets of Southern-Benin. Data were collected by two complementary methods: triplet purchase of medicinal recipes (ATRM) from herbalists markets and semi-structured interview (ISS) from traditional healers. Results: A total of 109 species of medicinal plants belonging to 44 families have been listed and identified. The most frequently cited species were Pteleopsis suberosa Engl. & Diels, Lantana camara L., Cyanthillium cinereum (L.) H. Rob, Ocimum gratissimum L. and Lippia multiflora Moldenke with respectively 43.84, 39.73 and 34.25% citation frequencies for the last three species respectively. Leguminosae (20.18%), Euphorbiaceae (5.50%) and Apocynaceae (5.50%) were the most represented botanical families. Leafy stems were more used than other plant organs. The decoction and the oral route were the most appropriate methods of preparation and administration reported by traditional healers. Conclusion: Benin's plant cover is made up of a wide variety of medicinal plant species used in the traditionnal treatment of candidiasis and which may constitute new sources of medicines to be developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]