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Background: Depression is a significant public health concern in both developed and developing countries. The burden of depression is particularly high among patients with chronic illnesses in developing countries, creating a dual challenge for both patients and the community. However, depression goes undiagnosed in 50%-75% of patients with chronic conditions such as diabetes mellitus. Additionally, there is limited information about the prevalence of depression among diabetic patients in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of depression among type 2 diabetic patients in Ethiopia. Method: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 376 randomly selected type 2 diabetic patients. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews and from patients' follow-up records. The data were entered into EpiData version 4.6 and analyzed using STATA 14. Bivariable and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to identify associated factors. Variables with a p-value of less than 0.25 in the bivariable analysis were selected for multivariate logistic regression. Model fitness was assessed using Hosmer-Lemeshow's test, and associations were reported using adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals Results: In this study, the prevalence of depression among type 2 diabetic patients was found to be 69.72% (95% CI: 64.75, 74.27). Three factors were significantly associated with depression in these patients: the duration of diabetes mellitus since diagnosis [AOR: 1.17; 95% CI (1.02, 1.34)], glycaemic control [AOR: 1.8; 95% CI (1.09, 3.01)] and cigarette smoking [AOR: 2.18; 95% CI (1.07, 4.46)]. Conclusion: The prevalence of depression among type 2 diabetic patients was high. The Federal Ministry of Health, stakeholders, and the Ethiopian Diabetes Association should collaborate to reduce this burden. Mental health assessment and treatment should be integrated into chronic care follow-up services. Additionally, healthcare providers should closely monitor and counsel patients who smoke and those with poor glycemic control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Neonatal mortality poses a significant public health challenge in sub-Saharan Africa, with congenital heart disease emerging as the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among neonates, especially in countries like Ethiopia. Despite efforts to reduce neonatal mortality rates, Ethiopia continues to experience an increased mortality rate, particularly among neonates with congenital heart disease. This study aims to investigate the incidence and predictors of mortality in this vulnerable population within Ethiopia. Method: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at an institution, involving 583 randomly selected neonates diagnosed with congenital heart disease. In the current study, the dependent variable was survival status. Data entry utilized EpiData data version 4.6, and analysis was performed using STATA version 16. Probability of death was compared using the log-rank test and Kaplan-Meier failure curve. Significant predictors were identified using bivariable and multivariate Cox regression. Model fitness and proportional hazard assumptions were evaluated using the Cox-Snell graph and Global test, respectively. Associations were assessed by adjusted hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Results: The study participants were followed for 4844 days. The mortality rate was 9.9%. The incidence density was 11.9 per 1000 person-days of observation. Neonatal sepsis (AHR: 2.24; 95% CI [1.18–4.23]), cyanotic congenital heart disease (AHR: 3.49; 95% CI [1.93–6.28]), home delivery (AHR: 1.9; 95% CI [1.06–3.6]), maternal history of gestational diabetes mellitus (AHR: 1.94; 95% CI [1.04–3.61]), and having additional congenital malformations (AHR: 2.49; 95% CI [1.33–4.67]) were significant predictors for neonatal mortality. Conclusion and recommendation: The incidence density of mortality was high compared to studies conducted in developed countries. Neonatal sepsis, type of congenital heart disease, place of delivery, maternal history of gestational diabetes mellitus, and having an additional congenital malformation were significant predictors of mortality among neonates with congenital heart disease. Therefore, healthcare providers should pay special attention to patients with identified predictors. Furthermore, the Federal Ministry of Health, stakeholders, and policymakers should collaborate to address this issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]