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Background: Following the development of gender medicine in the past 20 years, more recently in the field of oncology an increasing amount of evidence suggests gender differences in the epidemiology of cancers, as well as in the response and toxicity associated with therapies. In a gender approach, critical issues related to sexual and gender minority (SGM) populations must also be considered., Materials and Methods: A working group of opinion leaders approved by the Italian Association of Medical Oncology (AIOM) has been set up with the aim of drafting a shared document on gender oncology. Through the 'consensus conference' method of the RAND/University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) variant, the members of the group evaluated statements partly from the scientific literature and partly produced by the experts themselves [good practice points (GPPs)], on the following topics: (i) Healthcare organisation, (ii) Therapy, (iii) Host factors, (iv) Cancer biology, and (v) Communication and social interventions. Finally, in support of each specific topic, they considered it appropriate to present some successful case studies., Results: A total of 42 articles met the inclusion criteria, from which 50 recommendations were extracted. Panel participants were given the opportunity to propose additional evidence from studies not included in the research results, from which 32 statements were extracted, and to make recommendations not derived from literature such as GPPs, four of which have been developed. After an evaluation of relevance by the panel, it was found that 81 recommendations scored >7, while 3 scored between 4 and 6.9, and 2 scored below 4., Conclusions: This consensus and the document compiled thereafter represent an attempt to evaluate the available scientific evidence on the theme of gender oncology and to suggest standard criteria both for scientific research and for the care of patients in clinical practice that should take gender into account., Competing Interests: Disclosure RB grants or contracts from any entity: Roche, Pfizer, AZ, to institution; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events: Gilead, Seagen, GSK, Eisai, BMS, Lilly, MSD, Boeringher. TV reports payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events: Helaglobe/Recordati, Astrazeneca; support for attending meetings and/or travel: Sanofi-Regeneron; participation on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board: Takeda; leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee or advocacy group, paid or unpaid: Regional Referent for GISEG (Italian Group Health and Gender). FP reports institutional research grants from: BMS, Incyte, Agenus, Amgen, Lilly and AstraZeneca; personal fees from: BMS, MSD, Amgen, Merck-Serono, Pierre-Fabre, Servier, Bayer, Takeda, Astellas, Johnson & Johnson, Rottapharm, Ipsen, AstraZeneca, GSK, Daiichi-Sankyo, Seagen. SC is the President of AIOM Foundation (Italian Association of Medical Oncology). The remaining authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)