1. Are loneliness and social isolation associated with cognitive decline?
- Author
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Lara, Elvira, Caballero, Francisco Félix, Rico‐Uribe, Laura Alejandra, Olaya, Beatriz, Haro, Josep Maria, Ayuso‐Mateos, José Luis, Miret, Marta, Rico-Uribe, Laura Alejandra, and Ayuso-Mateos, José Luis
- Subjects
LONELINESS ,SOCIAL isolation ,SOCIAL perception ,SOCIAL participation ,GENERALIZED estimating equations ,COGNITIVE testing ,COMPARATIVE studies ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,MEMORY ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH funding ,EVALUATION research ,PSYCHOLOGICAL factors - Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to examine the association of loneliness and social isolation on cognition over a 3-year follow-up period in middle- and older-aged adults.Methods: Data from a Spanish nationally representative sample were analyzed (n = 1691; aged 50 years or older). Loneliness, social isolation, and cognition (immediate recall, delayed recall, verbal fluency, forward digit span, backward digit span, and a composite cognitive score) were assessed both at baseline and at follow-up. Adjusted generalized estimating equations models were performed.Results: Loneliness was significantly associated with lower scores in the composite cognitive score, immediate and delayed recall, verbal fluency, and backward digit span (B = -0.14 to B = -3.16; P < .05) and with a more rapid decline from baseline to follow-up in two out of six cognitive tests. Higher social isolation was associated with lower scores in the composite cognitive score, verbal fluency, and forward digit span (B = -0.06 to B = -0.85; P < .05). The effect of loneliness and social isolation on cognition remained significant after the exclusion of individuals with depression.Conclusions: Both loneliness and social isolation are associated with decreased cognitive function over a 3-year follow-up period. The development of interventions that include the enhancement of social participation and the maintenance of emotionally supportive relationships might contribute to cognitive decline prevention and risk reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
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