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The first Sustainable Development Goal expresses the global concern in poverty eradication. We looked at the theory of poverty reduction with a long-term perspective in mind to confirm the congruence of modern approaches and their compliance with the principles of sustainable development. Despite clear signs of targeting Sustainable development goals to the future, we have found that future poverty needs deep discussion. We researched legal acts, policies and scientific sources to prove the possibility and suitability of recognising future poverty as a valid form of poverty. We considered the main possible difficulties that will challenge initiatives of future poverty exhausting. Finally, we proposed several perspective directions of further research to include the future poverty concept into the agenda of governments and supranational organisations.

The high economic growth and increasing inequality have been the two main features of the Chinese economy since the end of the 1970s. The economic growth contributed to a substantial reduction in poverty, and the worsening income distribution contributed to an increase in poverty. The paper defines and measures patterns of growth through the poverty elasticity of income sources. It makes methodological contributions in the derivations of this elasticity. The paper analyzes the patterns of growth in Rural China in 2007–2013, utilizing the Chinese Household Income Project (CHIP). The paper has developed a dynamic decomposition that identifies which policies are pro-poor and which are not. It has drawn many policy conclusions. The empirical results showed that economic growth has been unfavorable to the poor. It amounted to a loss of almost 25% of the growth rate. If China's objective is to eliminate poverty by 2020, such a degree of anti-poor growth should concern China's policymakers. They should make concerted efforts to have pro-poor policies that benefit the poor proportionally more than the non-poor. The paper has identified the income sources that lead to pro-poor outcomes, which help policymakers formulate pro-poor policies.

The paper reviewed the Waqf literature as a basis to analyze its contribution as a financial tool in addressing Poverty Reduction in Nigeria. The study is purely exploratory that relies on desktop research. The research uses previous studies for the analysis, which include news articles, government publications, and websites. The secondary data were obtained from the Holy Qur’an as the Primary source of Shari’ah (Islamic law), which were used to back most of the arguments put forward for the assessment of Waqf in the study area. The study concluded that Waqf played a vital role in reducing poverty in Nigeria. The study recommends the need of Waqf awareness to be created to enlighten the rich men in the society and also for the government to ensure proper and adequate management of Waqf institution. This will help Islamic value-centric policymakers, regulatory authorities, investors, and researchers to gain an overall insight into the potentials of Waqf as a financial tool in reducing poverty.

The implementation of poverty reduction policies in Makassar City is still reaping many problems. Various poverty reduction programs launched by the government have not been able to eradicate poverty effectively. In the implementation of these various poverty reduction programs, the response of the target group tends to be negative, causing fragmentation at the level of implementation. Therefore, this study aims to identify and analyze the process of implementing poverty reduction policies in Makassar City from the perspective of group behavior. The research method used is a qualitative method with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, field observations, and review of poverty documents. The research data were analyzed by qualitative analysis. The results show that the community is basically very responsive to the existence of poverty reduction policies in the form of multi-purpose social security assistance distributed by the Makassar City Social Service because some of them feel helped by the assistance, but some also feel that the policies are not well targeted due to incomplete data collection. equitable and fair. The inaccuracy of policy targets (assistance for beneficiaries) for the poor causes social jealousy in the community which has an impact on street level publicity and policy performance so that it does not significantly reduce poverty in Makassar City.

Poverty has become paramount, and it is been given much emphasis in different aspects since the declaration and introduction of the Zakat institutions in Yobe State Nigeria. The declaration focuses strongly on the reduction of state poverty within the recent activities of Islamic Financial Institutions as Islam provides an essential tool to completely prove in reducing poverty. The objective of the study is to assess the role of Zakat in addressing some levels of poverty reduction in Yobe State, Nigeria. A survey was conducted within 17 local governments of Yobe State, in which 20 questionnaires were served to each local government with total of 340. The study employed factor analysis for assessing the relation between the variables adopted, and descriptive and independent t-test analyses are considered for the analyses. The result shows that the Zakat has played a significant role in addressing poverty reductions in Yobe State, Nigeria.

This paper provides a systematic assessment of the alleged exceptionality of Malaysia’s development progress and its likely explanations, in comparative perspective. Using cross-country regressions...

Youth unemployment in Uganda increased from 12.7% in 2012/13 to 13.3 in 2016/17, despite a decline in the overall national unemployment rate from 11.1% to 9.2%. This poses serious development challenges, particularly to the ongoing efforts to poverty reduction. The main objective of the current study is to examine the extent to which gender, education, residence, and age determine youth unemployment in Uganda. Using recent data from the Uganda National Household Survey 2016/17 collected by the Uganda National Bureau of Statistics, we obtained a sample of 5,912 respondents for the ages between 18 years and 30 years. The main findings based on a binary logistic regression approach, reveal that education, gender, residence, and age are all critical in driving youth unemployment. The Ugandan youth who has some level of education is more likely to be unemployed compared to those with no education. But the youth that attended post-secondary education is associated with the highest unemployment probability followed by those with secondary school education and finally by primary education. While an increase in age appears to increase youth unemployment for females, the married youth have less chances of being unemployed compared to the unmarried youth. Moreover, as the probability of being unemployed reduces for the married youth, being divorced increases that probability. Similarly, the male youth are found more likely to be unemployed than their female counterparts. Additionally, the urban youth increased their chances of unemployment compared to the rural ones. Likewise, males are far more likely to remain in unemployment relative to females, just as living in the northern, eastern, or western region as a youth is less risky in terms of unemployment compared to living in the central region. On the other hand, whereas the education level of the household head is not important for youth unemployment, the marital status and gender of the household head are critical. The indirect effects of education, gender, residence, and age are clearly notable. Implications for policy and research are drawn.

The research was undertaken to access the impact of Non-Government organizations (NGOs) on poverty reduction in Makurdi local government area of Benue State. Using descriptive approach to analyze the primary data obtained from the respondents through a structured questionnaires and semi-structured interview administered to the staff and officials of selected NGOs in the study area. Result shows that the respondents confirm benefits in terms of increased income, use of good transportation means, good accommodation, feeding and sleeping materials. Despite these benefits, there were challenges confronting the NGOs in the study area. One of the biggest challenges was finance to execute all their programmes as well as disburse to beneficiaries as loans and grants. The activities of NGOs were found only limited to Makurdi while the majority of the people were residing outside the state capital. Therefore, recommendations made include: awareness creation for more participation by people in entrepreneurship and financial independence since it is only through such skills that they can propel themselves out of poverty and the NGOs should seek for more sources of funding including soliciting financial support from the international community to enable it fund diversified economic activities of the vulnerable people in the country.

Over the last three decades, microfinance has featured in the Global South development policies as a potential contributor to inclusive financial services, poverty reduction and women empowerment. However, why women are the primary customers of microfinance banks and institutions remains an ongoing research subject. This article presents a study of women in Rivers State, Nigeria, using qualitative research approach. It was found that microfinance financial inclusion objectives in Nigeria are targeted at the active poor—those who own small business and rely on group lending methodology and collateral substitutes to minimize lending risks. Of the active poor, microfinance prioritizes women because of gender stereotypes that women have more “integrity,” show more commitment to loan contracts and are more susceptible to social pressure and sanctions. Targeting women is, therefore, a deliberate and strategic policy to advance the interest of microfinance backers. Therefore, this author contends that microfinance is not a scheme that provides whole-scale financial inclusion and poverty reduction. Instead, it seeks to leverage income-generating activities of the active poor to extract profits. Consequently, the article contributes towards illuminating the role of gender and local context in microfinance practices.

There is less than a decade left to accomplish the goal of ending global poverty by 2030. This paper investigates global poverty dynamics and finds a shift in the world’s poverty gravity center from South Asia to Africa in the period 1990–2015. Sub-Saharan Africa has become the main battlefield for poverty reduction in the world. Global poverty reduction has been accompanied by political instability and local conflicts, economic marginalization, rural decline, and natural hazards as well as climate change which are jointly impacting the least developed areas and making the world’s poverty reduction vulnerable to external shocks. The “STAR” scheme, including maintaining political stability, promoting targeted poverty alleviation, implementing regular assessments of poverty reduction initiatives, and revitalizing rural and poverty-stricken areas, is proposed with specific measures to enhance the resilience capacity of poverty alleviation in the world.

The article reveals the essence of the concept of social protection and analyzes the activities of the social protection system in our country during the years of independence. The content of reforms aimed at reducing poverty in the Republic of Uzbekistan is highlighted. Strategic directions for poverty reduction have been explored.

Ghana is an example of a developing economy where both output and employment have shifted from agriculture to services and where structural change has not followed the standard pattern observed for...

Despite a robust legacy of scholarship that has critiqued participation in development, the relationship between participation and empowerment remains unclear. Adelanto is a small non governmental ...

Empowerment is often a goal of community development projects aimed at poverty reduction; yet, ascertaining whether empowerment occurs can be elusive. This case study research examined the empowerment process. Thirty community partners participated in a three-year community-led initiative to improve public education in a rural northwest Tanzanian village. The initiative included capacity-building activities to enhance personal and collective agency. The findings from the analytic framework of self-determination theory indicated that the initiative simultaneously nurtured and satisfied community partners’ innate basic psychological needs of relatedness, competence and autonomy: hence affirmed their feelings of empowerment. Implications for the theory and practice are presented.

This article examines poverty, employment, and government support for entrepreneurship in order to reduce poverty and improve the welfare of the population through the development of entrepreneurship in Uzbekistan. As a result of the study, a proposal for a three-stage strategy "Development of entrepreneurship aimed at reducing poverty" was developed

This paper examines the impact of democracy and trade openness on poverty. To this end, we estimate a poverty model using the generalized method of moments (system-GMM) on a sample of 24 sub-Sahara...

The effectiveness of remittances in poverty reduction depends on the remittance distribution in low‐income households. Existing studies have found that low‐income households received low remittances and inferred that the primary motive for remittances is securing future inheritance. We investigate the remittance decisions of unmarried female migrants in Myanmar who have no inheritance rights and find that migrants from low‐income households remit less. A decomposition analysis suggests that the marriage prospects provided by parents explain around 40% of this correlation. The fact that parents of poor households fail to arrange matches from better‐off families for their daughters has pushed young female migrants to spend more on partner‐searching activities instead of sending remittances to their families.

The western region of China has always been the main battlefield for poverty alleviation. It is essential to explore the interaction mechanism between the infrastructure perfection and residents’ living standards on a small scale to accurately reduce poverty and narrow the gap between the rich and poor residents. Taking poverty-stricken counties in Qinghai Province as the research unit, we constructed a coupling coordination model between infrastructure perfection and living standards to compare and analyze temporal and spatial differentiation patterns. Further, we introduced and improved the barycentric coupling model to analyze the synergistic evolution. The results showed that, from 2002 to 2018, (1) infrastructure perfection and living standards demonstrated an overall growth trend, and spatial agglomeration characteristics were obvious. Counties with better infrastructure perfection and living standards were concentrated in the northeast, and poorer standards were concentrated in southwestern. (2) The degree of coupling coordination changed from the initial antagonistic to coordination coupling, but level of coordination was low, and 50% of counties were still below the medium level. Spatial differentiation was obvious. The development speed of the degree of coupling coordination in the northeast was obviously faster than that in southwest counties, showing a pattern of “high in the northeast and low in the southwest”. (3) Infrastructure perfection played an active role on multidimensional poverty, and poverty reduction of infrastructure was feasible. Spatially, the coupling center of gravity was located in the eastern part of Qinghai Province. Therefore, infrastructure construction in the western should be strengthened in the future.

In 2014, the Chinese government adopted a version of the controversial Big Push approach to poverty reduction, and augmented this once-discredited developmental narrative by enlisting very large private enterprises to operate in the poorest regions. Not without controversies, this approach and the resources associated with it has created new state-large business relations in China. This article studies four large enterprises and examines why they participated in poverty reduction, the resulting state–business relations and the outcomes of poverty reduction. The field research was conducted in 2018 through in depth interviews with company management and site visits. The findings show that the local state became collaborators of big businesses that were endorsed by the central government. Whether these relationships become formalised will depend on the future direction of poverty reduction. This research contributes to the literature on how state–business relations may initiate economic growth.

Identifying factors inhibiting the revitalization of the agricultural sector in Malang Regency and Arranging efforts to revitalize the agricultural sector in accelerating poverty reduction in Malang Regency. The research approach that will be carried out in answering the problem is descriptive quantitative. The discussion will refer to the results of field observations which are then presented systematically and factual with the object of research in subdistricts in Malang Regency in the period 2015 to 2014. Several methods were then used data analysis to answer the problems that have been formulated. Strategies are carried out in order accelerating poverty reduction in Malang Regency, namely the construction of irrigation facilities by increasing budget allocation, empowerment and strengthening of farmer institutions, provision of rice seeds and fertilizers through strengthening farmer groups and development or creation of new technology.

The paper uses the Shapley method to decompose poverty changes by income source and growth-distribution-cost according to the history of China’s poverty elimination policies in the last forty years. The analysis shows that economic growth contributed to most of the reduction in all periods. Increasing inequality has adverse effects on poverty elimination in that it makes people vulnerable to poverty, which bodes ill for future poverty alleviation. Wages explain most of poverty change for both the urban and rural areas in recent years and are the main reason for increasing inequality in rural areas. Agricultural income played a significant role in reducing rural poverty and inequality in early periods when China experienced many agricultural reforms. In the future, pro-poor growth, reducing inequality and building a relatively integrated urban–rural poverty alleviation system will be most important jobs for China’s poverty reduction.

The paper examined the effects of small-scale stone quarrying on poverty reduction among youths in Zamfara State. The paper is based on the argument that small-scale stone quarrying has the potentials to reduce poverty in low income settings. Zamfara is one of the poorest states in Nigeria where youths are engaged in small-scale quarrying. The paper examined the extent to which small-scale quarrying has been able to reduced poverty among youths in the State. The sample size of the study comprised of 400 respondents. Structured interview was used as the primary instrument of data collection. Purposive sampling techniques was used to select quarry sites while simple random sampling technique was used to select respondents for the study. Data collected was presented in tables and percentages for better understanding. The outcome of the study revealed that youths between ages of 26-35 years were actively involved in small-scale stone quarrying in Zamfara State. The study found out that small-scale stone quarrying had a positive effect on poverty reduction among youths in Zamfara State. This is because after joining small-scale stone quarrying, majority of youths had improved access to food, healthcare facilities, housing, sleeping materials, clothing and ownership of means of transportation. The major factors limiting youth involvement in small-scale stone quarrying were lack of modern quarrying equipment, absence of personal protective gadgets and ignorance about government regulations in the mining industry. The study therefore recommends that government should assist quarry workers with modern quarry equipment, personal protective gadgets and sensitization on government regulations in the mining industry.

Purpose: Development needs fund and foreign aid is one of the majour source of fund for developing countries. The Paper aims to analyse the trends and composition of foreign aids with case reference to the Swiss aid. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study is based on secondary data from 2001/02 to 2014/15.Descriptive statistics has been applied to develop the trends and compositions. Findings/Result: In FY 2014/15, the total foreign aid commitment increased by totaling to Rs.1195.5 million as compared to Rs.2125.9 million in FY 2014/15. Of the total commitment in FY 2014/15 the contribution of bilateral aid was totaling and multilateral aid contributed. While categorizing the total foreign aid the share of grant assistance constituted and loan assistance million. In FY 2014/15 the foreign grant assistant subsequently increased by whereas foreign loan assistance decreased. The bilateral aid disbursement was out of total bilateral aid commitment. Multilateral aid disbursement was 56 percent. The amount of loan is increasing in the economy. This condition also indicates that in future debt burden in budgetary system is directly reducing the development expenditure which decreases the flow of budget in poverty reduction sectors. In amount Swiss aid is much less but is efficiency is widespread in increasing people's living standard. Due to 100% grant Swiss aid doesn't create fiscal burden in the economy. Originality/Value: it is an empirical research to signify the urgency of increasing Swiss aid and Swiss project in Nepal for sustained and broad-based economic development. Paper Type: Analytical Policy Research

Propelled by urbanization, rising incomes, and changing diets, food markets have been expanding in Africa and South Asia, creating the vast potential for job and income opportunities along food supply chains and, hence, for poverty reduction. The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) that spread to a pandemic in early 2020 provokes enormous setbacks to this expansion. This, however, should provide lessons regarding the importance of resilient and inclusive food systems. Emergency responses to COVID-19 should consider interventions towards that end and leverage the opportunities provided by food markets growth as economies recover from the present economic recession. This paper assesses options of how this could be done by facilitating the better functioning and interconnectedness of the many small and medium-sized enterprises that are proliferating along the “hidden middle” of food value chains in storage, logistics, transportation, and wholesale and retail distribution. It also explores how policies can help smallholder farmers connect to this “hidden middle” in more gainful ways and help them climb out of poverty as well.

Ending poverty is a top priority of the international development agenda, and governments worldwide have attached great importance to poverty alleviation measures. However, poverty reduction policies have mostly focused on men, which has widened the gap in productivity and income between men and women and increased gender inequality. This paper aims to determine the impacts of a multi-component program on women’s empowerment and poverty reduction, and explore the role empowered women play in poverty reduction. The dataset used in this study was collected in nine poor counties of Ulanqab City in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China at the end of 2014, yielding a sample of 900 households. Recall questions were used to reconstruct the baseline data and build a panel dataset. Smaller groups of rural households were further identified to better target the women in the beneficiary group. To control the selection bias, propensity score matching, inverse probability weighting, and the difference-in-differences matching method were used to analyze the effect of the program and undertake robust checks. The results show that the program has positive effects on women’s empowerment and poverty reduction simultaneously. Empowering women also has positive effects on poverty reduction, and the women who were the beneficiaries have contributed to increasing the incomes and living standards of households. Training, microfinance, and associations are common means or strategies to empower women to address poverty. This paper provides new empirical evidence that women can benefit from a gender-focus program through portfolio intervention such as training, cooperatives, and credit. Empowered women further improve the livelihoods of poor households and help lift them out of poverty. The results suggest that researchers and policymakers need to pay more attention to poverty issues from the perspective of gender.

This paper revisits the financial development–poverty nexus. The study builds a robust measure of financial development that captures the state of financial development in Africa. We adopt the meas...

Nigeria has one of the countries whose experience of poverty and unemployment is on the high side makes this study to look into the effect of the economic lockdown during the global pandemic in the country, with the aim of making effort on how this effect can be translated into economic development. Survey research design method was adopted with self-administered questionnaire used to collect data. Findings revealed that in Nigeria COVID -19 outbreak effects was felt in almost all sectors and the aftermath greatly affected the country’s GDP and this adversely affect rural development in the country, which translated to a worrisome rate of poverty and unemployment. Hence, both individual and government have now seen that campaigning for economic diversification is not sufficient for economic development but rather a prompt swing into action by all is needed for sustainable development of rural areas to respond to the worrisome rate of unemployment and in turn high level of poverty caused by the COVID-19 lockdown in the country. It was recommended that government at all level as well as individuals and stakeholders should put in place actions that would gear up rural development and set policies at their various helms of affairs that would encourage economic participation of all citizens in all sector of the economy.

This study examined the influence of remittances and macro-economic variables on poverty in ASEAN-4 countries (i.e., Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and the Philippines) over the 1991 to 2019 period using a panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. The study documented that remittance and unemployment have a significant effect on poverty reduction in the long run. Meanwhile, economic growth and the Gini coefficient were found to have an insignificant influence on poverty reduction. The speed of adjustment due to shocks in the short term is restored within eight months into the long-run equilibrium. Our results emphasize that poverty in ASEAN-4 must be addressed with pragmatic macroeconomic policies, especially policies that affect the poor's income. Besides, with the real contribution of remittances, the strengthening of international cooperation related to migrant workers is also essential to alleviate poverty.JEL Classification: F22, F24, I32, J01, O15How to Cite:Fahrizal, T., Aliasuddin., & Majid, M. S. A. (2021). Do Remittances Matter for Poverty Reduction in ASEAN?. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 10(1), 13-30. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v10i1.19154.

Despite the efforts of various federal and regional governments over the years, poverty still exists in several places across the world, especially in the developing countries. Microfinance services have been promoted as viable tools to decrease poverty. Sarawak, Malaysia is an example of a region where microfinance services are being used to reduce the incidences of poverty. This paper proposes a conceptual model to understand the effect of different microfinance services on poverty reduction efforts in Sarawak, Malaysia. This paper is further expanded into research hypotheses for subsequent papers on the nexus. The model will serve as a valuable guide for approaches on using microfinance services in reducing poverty.Keywords: Microfinance services; Poverty reduction; Sarawak; MalaysiaJEL Classifications: G10; G20DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijefi.11258

The paper examines the response of poverty reduction based on financial development and economic growth in India. The ARDL and ECM based model techniques analyze the long-run and short-run relationship among the variables in the model. The long-run estimates depict that financial development and economic growth have not significantly impacted poverty reduction and, on the other hand, resulted in injecting inequality and becoming attended to wealthier sections of the society. The short-run estimates show that financial development and economic growth have successfully tried to reduce poverty in India. The results flash a long-run nature of poverty in India and need to designs and formulations of policies that should be instrumental in reducing poverty. Impulse Response Functions' application indicates that poverty reduction will act as a catalyst for further poverty reduction in India.JEL Classification: I32, B26, O40, R15How to Cite:Alam, M. Q., & Alam, M. S. (2021). Financial Development, Economic Growth, and Poverty Reduction in India. Etikonomi: Jurnal Ekonomi, 20(1), 13 – 22. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v20i1.18417.

Benazir Income Support Program (BISP) is one of social protection programs providing unconditional financial assistance to poor women. The present study was conducted to explore the role of BISP in empowering women. This quantitative research was conducted in two districts of Punjab randomly selected out of 36 using face-to-face interviews with a sample size of 160 women beneficiaries of BISP. Research findings show that the majority of beneficiaries (78.8%) were married, with rural background (88%). A huge number (80%) of beneficiaries were illiterate. Similarly, overwhelming majority (81.9%) of respondents has labor as source of income. Most of the respondents were strongly agree (65%) and agree (95%) that the assistance should be more than Rs.5000/month or Rs.10000/month. Similarly, 69.4% and 71.3% of respondents agreed that female adults should take household decision and children should attend school regardless of gender. The government should provide appropriate assistance allowance for needy families especially for the empowerment of women. Moreover, the government should also launch massive programs to maximize girls' education with motive to empower women.

Building the capacity of women is an indispensable strategy for enhancing gender equality, and improving the lives of poor women. The main objective of this study was to assess the socio-economic b...

Though the field of entrepreneurship is continuously growing and mature but still there is a need to explore the role of women entrepreneurship in developing countries. This study highlight, how women execute her entrepreneurial venture while facing different challenges such as cultural, social, and economic constraints etc.? Moreover, how she can play her best role for the welfare of society in developing countries. Our results showed that female entrepreneurial activities herald the optimization of their social and economic wellbeing, moreover it benefits to society through, wealth creation, poverty reduction etc. In this study Gioia methodology was undertaken to explore the women entrepreneur growth route in Pakistan. By the analysis of women personal experience author identified different social, cultural, financial constraints during the growth phase. The new emerging model provide the useful basis for future research imperatives.

The challenges of poverty and insurgency have caused problems of different dimensions in north-eastern Nigeria. Specifically, the Bauchi state had recorded 89.5 percent of Multidimensional Poverty Indicators, more than any other state in the country. The main objective of this study is to explore the strategies that could build resilience to poverty in the study area. To achieve this, a qualitative research design, via semi-structured interview and purposive sampling, were applied. Accordingly, twenty-two informants from the ministries, agencies and commissions, in addition to some selected underprivileged people, were consulted during the data collection. Consequently, the findings from the study indicate that national, state, community and individual strategies were suggested to overcome poverty and other socioeconomic challenges that are faced by the people in Northeastern Nigeria in general, and Bauchi state in particular. The views of the informants ensured that the necessary measures can be taken to address the socioeconomic challenges identified in the state. Some of the community strategies include security initiatives, collaborations with NGOs to cushion the effects of poverty in the towns and villages, and the contributions from religious and traditional institutions. Furthermore, personal empowerment, enhancing peoples’ confidence, and skills were identified as the individual strategies. Subsequently, by strengthening the federal government, states as well as security arrangements could avert the problems discovered. The expansion of poverty reduction programs, accessible educational policies, youth empowerment schemes, rehabilitation, reconstruction, and the overall development of northeastern Nigeria were suggested.

Desde tiempos históricos hasta la actualidad, podemos evidenciar en el contexto una sociedad que delimita las capacidades de la mujer a causa de roles tradicionales y una visión de falocracia con la cual crece desde niña, lo cual genera una inequidad en diversos aspectos sociales, políticos y culturales. El presente artículo de revisión documental se basa en una investigación de tipo literaria, que tiene como objetivo identificar algunos factores que impiden el emprendimiento económico-social de las mujeres rurales en el departamento del Cauca – Colombia, teniendo en cuenta que estos procesos de empoderamiento social, fomentación y activación de la economía generan aportes positivos en la reducción de la pobreza, la inequidad, y la desigualdad en el país.

In this study, which aims to express the children who will play the most important role in the development of societies and their inequality problems; child poverty in Turkey and European countries are discussed comparatively. Child poverty; It can be defined as a multidimensional set of deprivations that make it difficult for children to participate in society as full and equal individuals later in their lives. A generally accepted definition and measurement method of child poverty, which differs from adult poverty, offers researchers as well as the opportunity to develop and monitor sound poverty reduction targets and strategies for policy makers. In this study, both before and after social transfers social transfers in Turkey, the child poverty rate in the European is seen as among the top three countries with the highest. It has also been observed that the poverty rate in children is significantly higher compared to adult poverty and general poverty levels. Problems in primary distribution regarding child poverty could not be solved as a result of secondary distribution. This situation points to the limitation of policies and an important representation problem. It has also been observed that the poverty rate in children is significantly higher compared to adult poverty and general poverty levels. According to the results from comparative charts and analyzes, similar to the studies and discussions on child poverty; It is possible to say that focusing on policies and regulations regarding the education sector and the labor market are the most important steps in combating child poverty.

While migration has long been recognised as a strategy of poverty reduction and income enhancement, the inequality that could arise among rural migrants due to their perceived differences in rural attachment has not been systematically addressed. Using a new index of rural attachment constructed with various components of human and non-human factors, this study reveals that emigrated low-income households were more attached to rural areas than richer households. Moreover, violent conflicts, particularly cattle rustling, exert a strong negative impact on household income and the impact cuts across all households with different levels of income. Thus, it can be argued that conflict in resource-scarce communities could exacerbate the pre-existing rural–urban income inequalities.

The productive distribution of zakat is expected to empower mustahik to accelerate poverty reduction. Therefore, Baitul Mal Aceh has formed Productive Zakat Management Unit which was later developed into Sharia Microfinance Institution (LKMS). The institution aims to empower the economy of the poor through productive distribution of zakat in the form of interest-free financing (Qardhul Hasan). Hence, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive study to discover to effect of the productive zakat on economic empowerment of mustahik. Specifically, the purpose of this study is to investigate: 1) the distribution of productive zakat (X), 2) economic empowerment of mustahik (Y), 3) the effect of productive zakat on economic empowerment of mustahik at LKMS Baitul Mal Aceh. This study performed regression equation method Y = a + bX. The data was collected by distributing questionnaires and there were 160 respondents chosen by using convention sampling technique. The results of study proved that LKMS Baitul Aceh has a good achievement in distributing productive zakat through utilization, target, and distribution. In term of economic empowerment of mustahik, the improvement is needed through training, business managing, and assisting. The distribution of productive zakat (X) have a significant effect on economic empowerment of mustahik (Y) as tscore (3.637) >ttable (1.97509) and F score (13.231) >F table (3.9). In addition, p value (Sig) of 0.0000 is below alpha 5% proofing that hypothesis H1 is accepted which means there is a significant effect of the distribution of productive zakat on economic empowerment of mustahik at LKMS Baitul Mal Aceh. The regression equation obtained for Y = a + bX is Y = 55.511 + 0.149Y. The equation implies that the changes of 0.149 for dependent variable (Y) result from 1 point changes in the independent variable (X).

Purpose: The study was conducted to examine the economic impact of the National Fadama-II Development Project (NFDP-II) on poverty reduction and food security among farmers in Geidam local government of Yobe State, Nigeria. Approach/Methodology/Design: Four communities were identified and selected through random sampling. These four are the farmers of the cultivated crops like rice, millet, maize, vegetables and okra. And interview and a closed-ended questionnaire were administered to a total of one hundred respondents. For the analysis of this study, a descriptive statistic like frequency and simple percentage were used. Findings: After careful evaluation of collected data, it is found out that the majority of the farmers (78.9%) were male and their mean age was 44 years. Out of 95 respondents, 75 (78.9%) were associated with the Fadama and the remaining 20 (21%) have no association with the project. The results of the study revealed that the project has a positive impact on poverty reduction. The result of the study further revealed that all the Fadama-II farmers share similar opinion on the ten identified constraints. These constraints were grouped under three main categories: technical problems, institutional problems, and economic problems. Practical Implications: This study provides strong suggestion to create more awareness about the programme among the people so that they may come forward to participate actively in it. It enhances their income level and they may be able to utilize it for the betterment of their lives. Originality/value: After the careful analysis of the collected data, it can be concluded that the success of Fadama project is dependent upon the provision of the credit facilities for land preparation to farmers, the supply of subsidized farm inputs and farmers’ training by the Fadama facilitators.

This paper intend to analyses the structural characteristics of microfinance and statistically categorized them in to five products of microfinance as independent variable and poverty reduction as dependent variable. Data were gathered from 494 borrowers of Samurdhi microfinance program in five districts in Sri Lanka using Likert scale questionnaire. The collected data analyzed by Exploratory Factor analysis using SPSS 21 version. The factor Metrix of the EFA results presented good pattern distribution among 38 items which indicated that six constructs loaded properly which is greater than acceptable threshold >0.5. Therefore, the results explored that the 38 items can be grouped properly into the six constructs based on their items.

The main objective of this paper is to disentangle the poverty-growth-inequality triangle for Asia, its sub-regions and individual economies by constructing poverty and inequality profiles, decomposing poverty changes and modelling inequality. Due to a shortage of unit record data, analytical techniques are developed for estimating the poverty headcount ratio and regional inequality with minimum data requirements. Analytical results confirm significant reductions in poverty across the board due to fast growth, although the benign effect of growth on poverty was offset by worsening distributions in many economies. Furthermore, the poverty-reducing effect of growth has been diminishing over time and converging to 0 for many countries. Also, the cost of rising inequality in Asia was found to be surprisingly large in terms of missed poverty reduction. Looking ahead, Asia is expected to eradicate abject poverty soon but likely to continue facing high inequality, particularly income gaps between economies.

The Family of Hope Program (PKH) is a poverty reduction program in the education and public health aspects provided by the government either directly or indirectly. The government continues to make efforts in order to educate the community through social assistance programs to tackle the poor. In order to create a smart society, the government should make programs that are empowering so that people can solve their own problems. There are many in Indonesia who receive the family hope program (PKH), one of which is in the Cirebon district. Problems often occur with the empowerment assistance program from the government, one of which is the PKH assistance, which still does not target the residents who receive the assistance. The emergence of this problem, due to the ineffective data verification in determining which citizens are entitled to receive PKH assistance, this has resulted in many very poor people who do not receive PKH assistance and those classified as capable are still given PKH assistance. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a study of PKH beneficiary data, so that the results of the analysis can be used as a reference for whether or not residents are eligible to receive PKH assistance. The research that was conducted to predict the data of recipients of the expected family assistance using the data mining classification method using the C4.5 algorithm. The results of the data mining process are used as evaluation material for the government. After testing with the C4.5 algorithm, the test results for the best parameter of the C4.5 algorithm are criterion = accuracy, confidence = 0.25 and a minimum gain = 0.1 to produce an accuracy value of 98.30%

In this study, we analyse the heterogeneity in the impacts of adoption of climate-smart agricultural (CSA) practices on welfare indicators such as food and nutrition security and poverty reduction ...

The mechanisms linking growth and inequality are critical for poverty reduction, yet they remain poorly understood at the micro level, as current knowledge is dominated by country-wide studies. This article evaluates farm income growth and changes in inequality among five smallholder irrigation communities in Mozambique, Tanzania and Zimbabwe. Over the period of study, the poorest sections of the population became better-off. Over an income growth spell, at low levels of growth, relative inequality increases, but it starts to drop as growth rises beyond a certain rate. Thus, careful design is required to ensure that pro-growth strategies also become inequality-reducing. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

Micro finance is well-organized and successful instrument to decrease poverty. Although microfinance Sector in Pakistan has recognize important development and attain little cost formations. The major reason of study is to forecast that how Micro finance decreases poverty or not and method of self-employment in rural and urban of Sindh successful or not. A most important mean of this research article was to calculate that what type of Impact of microfinance on reduction of poverty and Self-employment with Supply lending and Demand following hypotheses theory. Researcher used Stratified random sampling technique 500 clients of each organization (TMB and SRSO) was selected for testing PLS with Smartpls 3. After assessment of responses with the help PLS of measurement and structural model result shows positive impact of independent variable (IV) on Dependent variables (DVs).

PurposeThis study aims to examine the accessibility, loan purposes and effects of informal credits on poor households in Northern mountainous Vietnam.Design/methodology/approachThis study used primary data collected directly from surveying 402 poor households in Thai Nguyen province using a well-designed questionnaire. The probit model is employed to specify which factors affect access to informal credit, the tobit model is used to estimate the borrowing functions specified. In addition, descriptive statistical analysis is also used to describe the accessibility, purposes and effects of informal credit on poor households.FindingsThe results show that there is a considerably high proportion of informal borrowings from relatives, neighboring villagers, professional moneylenders, rotating saving and credit groups, trade credits and mortgages. Labor force ratio, social capital and residential land areas are the key determinants of poor households' informal borrowings. The purposes of borrowing are diverse. The informal loans also have certain significant effects on poverty reduction and the welfare of poor households.Research limitations/implicationsThe effects of the informal loans on house welfare should be quantitatively evaluated.Practical implicationsThe findings from these analyses allow us to draw relevant policy implications for the development of rural finance in other low-income, developing countries.Originality/valueThis research contributes to the body of published literature in several ways. Firstly, it provides understanding of the performance of the informal financial subsector. Secondly, the informal subsector of rural finance is evaluated in close relation to the formal subsector.

The research on creative tourism is mainly focused on developed western economies. Studies about developing countries with a significant percentage of the population living in poverty are still sca...