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The name of Juliusz Karol Marischler (1869-1931) is rarely mentioned by historians of medicine. Yet, the scientific heritage of this talented doctor is striking: his research was relevant, analytical findings – easy to understand, recommendations – easy to apply in practice. His circle of interests included various issues of internal diseases, while a thorough approach, vision of the prospects and the ability to find non-standard decisions indicated the extraordinary intelligence of this person. Aim. To tell about the life of J. Marischler, his scientific and research activities, public activities, cooperation with colleagues. Materials and methods. Periodical medical editions for 1989-1932 were reviewed: protocols of the scientific meeting of the Lviv Medical Society, printed works, reports on the activities of medical establishments. As an additional material, selected articles on the history of medicine were, Google Scholar search, literary and historical sources on related topics were used. Results. Juliusz Marischler was born in Lviv on November 16, 1869. In 1894, he graduated from the Medical Faculty of Jagiellonian University. His teachers were such prominent doctors as professors Edward Korczyński from Krakow and Edmund von Neusser from Vienna. In Lviv, J. Marischler occupied the position of an assistant at the clinic of internal diseases, where he worked since 1897. In 1902, he received the right to give lectures on internal medicine and the title of an Assistant Professor; in 1910, he became an Extraordinary Professor. In late 1902, J. Marischler left the post of the assistant at the clinic but continued teaching as an Associate Professor. At the same time, he began to pursue private practice.From the very beginning of his career, a young scientist was interested in problems and issues that were of purely academic interest for a practitioner. Yet it was no so for his inquisitive analytical mind: he was able to find topics that required extraordinary thinking, and later were practically applied. With a sober look at solving various scientific issues, lecturer Marischler easily and generously shared his knowledge, ideas, experience, and skills with his students and colleagues. He collaborated with many young talented doctors, including Adam Szulisławski, Wacław Moraczewski, Eugene Ozarkiewicz, Marian Punchyshyn. J. Marischler belonged to a cohort of Polish doctors who throughout their lifetime collaborated with the Ukrainians in spite of any political moments. According to the memoirs of his contemporaries, J. Marischler was an extremely modest and noble man full of life and ideas. He could surprise people with a well-aimed idea, expressed simply and clearly. His eyes always reached beyond the horizon, which he opened for everyone. Undoubtedly, prof. J. Marischler deserves recognition and dignity as an outstanding scientist of his time.

Parece até contraditório que quanto mais revistas científicas existam, menos objetivo se torna o processo de submeter um manuscrito, pois são muitas variáveis a serem levadas em consideração. Neste sentido, durante o processo de escolha de um periódico é preciso se perguntar: i) O que quero dizer?; ii) Para quem quero dizer?; iii) Qual o alcance que quero ter? De posse das respostas para estes questionamentos é possível que a escolha se torne um pouco menos difícil. Aqui nós discutimos as questões que envolvem a escolha de um periódico para a publicação de artigos científicos e apresentamos possíveis caminhos para auxiliar o jovem cientista nesta árdua decisão.

Oleh Hornykiewicz, one of the most accomplished neuropharmacologists of the 20th century passed away on May 26, 2020 at the age of 93. In 1939, Oleh’s father, a Ukrainian Catholic priest, fled with his young family from Soviet-occupied Ukraine and settled in Vienna. During his medical studies, Oleh became fascinated by pharmacology and in 1956 was awarded a fellowship to Oxford University (U.K.) where he worked with Dr. Hermann Blaschko, a pioneer in the study of enzymes of catecholamine synthesis and metabolism. At that time, it was still thought that dopamine was merely an intermediate in the synthesis of norepinephrine. Dr. Hornykiewicz demonstrated that even after its breakdown had been blocked, administration of dopamine or its precursor L-DOPA could elevate blood pressure in animal models. Dopamine was bioactive per se. Upon his return to Vienna in 1958, the young scientist began studying dopamine in the brain. Familiar with Parkinson’s Disease and intrigued by Arvid Carlsson’s finding that L-DOPA could counteract the akinesia of the reserpenized rat, Dr. Hornyckiewicz began to suspect that a dopamine deficiency mediated the motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. He developed new techniques, applied these to the study of postmortem brains, and demonstrated that Parkinson’s disease was associated with a dopamine deficiency in the basal ganglia. Shortly afterwards, he and Walter Birkmeyer observed how the intravenous administration of L-DOPA could awaken mute and akinetic patients with Parkinson’s disease. For the first time, a discreet chemical was both implicated in a complex brain disorder and could be used as a treatment. This stands as one of the seminal discoveries in neuropharmacology. To this day, L-DOPA remains a mainstay in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Over the following half-century Dr. Hornykiewicz continued his own work, generously mentored others and established brain banks in Vienna as well as in Toronto, Canada where he worked for many years. He received numerous awards, and was nominated for but not awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine, in a decision that has remained controversial. He will remain forever, a brilliant star in the history of neuropharmacology.

Primeiro a paixão, depois os estudos. Esse é o conselho de Edward Wilson aos jovens pesquisadores. Na obra intitulada “Cartas a um jovem cientista”, Wilson compartilha com o público a sua paixão pelo mundo natural e pela descoberta. Ser um cientista, antes de tudo, é ter paixão por resolver problemas. É necessário dedicação, criatividade e muito estudo, mas, o resultado é a descoberta de um mundo natural em evolução. A obra de Wilson é um verdadeiro testamento aos pesquisadores aspirantes e futuros cientistas.

Ada Twist is a perky young scientist who is bursting with curiosity. That may sound annoying, but her enthusiasm is infectious, says Gregory Wakeman

Śri Caitanya is considered a reformer in Vaiṣṇava philosophy. He, who lived in the 15th century, is considered to have a strong influence on the culture of devotion to the modern age. However, despite being known as a brilliant young scientist, Śri Caitanya left behind only eight verses, which are called Śikṣāṣṭaka. These eight verses clearly reveal His mission and teachings. The disciples in his disciplinary line wrote many works to explain Caitanya's teachings, which were mostly conveyed orally. The Acintya Bhedābheda is a central doctrine that is regarded as a synthesis of the different principles in Vaiṣṇava philosophy. Caitanya asserts that there is an incomprehensible difference, as well as an incomprehensible indifference (Acintya Bhedābheda). Thus, he clung to the divine unity, which sustained large popular worship of murti worship. Caitanya affirmed the bhakti-Vedānta philosophy's excellence to strengthen the fight against the Maya vada doctrine of Sankara philosophy.

Janez Peklenik was one of the outstanding scientists and engineers of the twentieth century, who left visible trails in manufacturing engineering research and education. He contributed to the advancement of manufacturing from soft empirical science into pure hard science. As a practitioner he was striving toward perfection and toward implementation of research ideas and results in real life. He was also a great scholar who was aware of the needs of industry on one side and of the problems that young students were confronted with on the other side, while trying to bridge over these two worlds. Janez Peklenik was recognized far over the Slovenian borders. His numerous invited lectures all over the globe confirm this fact. He was also a very active and distinguished member of The International Academy for Production Engineering - CIRP and, in the year 1979/80, its president. Fifty years ago he, as a young scientist with a vision, proposed the idea of organizing The International Seminar on Manufacturing Systems as a platform for exchanging ideas and experiences especially among young researchers and engineers. This idea attracted his CIRP colleagues and friends, Bertil Colding from Sweden, Toshio Sata from Japan and Gunter Spur from Germany, and they founded together the CIRP Conference on Manufacturing Systems, the CIRP conference series with the longest tradition. The contribution brings forward a brief review of Janez Peklenik life milestones and major achievements.

Young scientists are Early Career Scientists (ECSs) identified as researchers without a permanent contract or tenure. This report summarizes the activities of the young scientist fora created within the four major experiments at the LHC (ALICE, ATLAS, CMS, and LHCb). The fora consist of the Junior Community in ALICE, the Early Career Scientist Board in ATLAS, the CMS Young Scientist Committee, and the Early Career, Gender and Diversity Office in LHCb. Also found in this report is a summary of the approaches taken by each forum to meet the needs of ECSs.

The composer wished for a cure for his hearing loss. Soon, research could make it a reality for my twin brother − and millions more. Winner of the Young Scientist Essay Competition 2019. The composer wished for a cure for his hearing loss. Soon, research could make it a reality for my twin brother − and millions more. Winner of the Young Scientist Essay Competition 2019.

Young scientists, active participants in research and education process are potential representatives of professional middle class. Its presence is an indicator of positivity of current economic, social and educational reforms. Education in modern world provides socio-economic progress of society and is an important source of motivation of human behavior; it's a mainstay in solution of social problems. However, in modern society, where presence of large middle class is a symbol of solution of hidden economic problems, education is an inalienable part of formation and reproduction of middle class. The article presents results of sociological research, conducted in 2012 and aimed at assessing the content of professional activity of young scientists in terms of compliance with international standards and priorities for research activities.

Carlos Chagas, the discoverer of Chagas' disease was nominated to the Nobel Prize in 1921, but none did win the prize in that year. As a leader of a young scientist team, he discovered all aspects of the new disease from 1909 to 1920. It is still obscure why he did not win the Nobel Prize in 1921. Chagas was discarded by Gunnar Hedren on April 16, 1921. Hedren should have made a written report about the details of his evaluation to the Nobel Committee. However, such a document has not been found in the Nobel Committee Archives. No evidence of detractions made by Brazilian scientists on Chagas was found. Since Chagas nomination was consistent with the Nobel Committee requirements, as seen in the presentation letter by until now unknown Cypriano de Freitas, it become clear that Chagas did not win the Nobel Prize exclusively because the Nobel Committee did not perceive the importance of his discovery. Thus, it would be fair a posthumous Nobel Prize of 1921 to Carlos Chagas. A diploma of the Nobel Prize, as precedent with Dogmack in 1947, would recognize the merit of the scientist who made the most complete medical discovery of all times.

Sergey Vasilevich Goldin (1936–2007), a world-renowned geophysicist, an exceptionally bright and creative scientist and an outstanding educator, was demanding of himself even more so than of others. He often thought about his role, place and involvement in science. He wrote: “It is easy to call someone another, glorified and eminent ‘scientist’. In Russian this word has a piety shade, badly applicable to itself . . . . I would rather use: creative person.” One of Goldin’s most favourite movies was an old Soviet movie ‘Monolog’, which tells a story of a not very young scientist, leader of an academic institute who tries to summarize his life in science: “In science there are those who break through walls, and those who then spend 100 years cleaning up the splinters. And so, I am from these, from the cleaners”. This phrase can undoubtedly be applied to Goldin. During his long professional life, Goldin worked practically in all directions of the seismic method. It is interesting to look at the evolution of his scientific view at different problems that seem today as relevant and important as fifty years ago.

The 3rd Annual Symposium on Chemical and Pharmaceutical Structure Analysis was once again held in Shanghai, where a rich history of ‘East meets West’ continued. This meeting is dedicated to bringing together scientists from pharmaceutical companies, academic institutes, CROs and instrument vendors to discuss current challenges and opportunities on the forefront of pharmaceutical research and development. The diversified symposia and roundtables are highly interactive events where scientists share their experiences and visions in a collegial setting. The symposium highlighted speakers and sessions that provided first-hand experiences as well as the latest guidance and industrial/regulatory thinking, which was reflected by the theme of this year’s meeting ‘From Bench to Decision Making – from Basics to Application.’ In addition to the highly successful Young Scientist Excellence Award, new events were featured at this year’s meeting, such as the Executive Roundtable and the inaugural Innovator Award.

The discovery of the Antarctic ozone hole and anthropogenic climate change has thrust the atmospheric sciences into the forefront of scientific disciplines, and such findings routinely appear on the front pages of the media and on the desks of world leaders. Two events can be cited as examples of the ascendency of the atmospheric sciences. First was the award of the 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry to three atmospheric chemists who performed pioneering work on the stability of the ozone layer. Second was the 2005 election of Ralph J. Cicerone as president of the esteemed National Academy of Sciences (NAS), which counts among its members the nation’s preeminent scientists in all of the primary scientific disciplines. Ralph also contributed to the award of the 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry through his seminal work with another young scientist, Richard Stolarski, in 1974 (1) on the stability of the ozone layer. With Stolarski, Ralph showed how chlorine radicals were catalytically destroying ozone molecules in the stratosphere. Indeed, the 1995 Nobel committee for the chemistry prize acknowledged the Cicerone–Stolarski discovery of chlorine catalysis.

Getting off the train in Jena-Paradies, 60 participants joined for the 12th Young Scientist Meeting of the German Society for Cell Biology (DGZ) entitled “RNA & Disease”. Excellent speakers from around the world, graduate students, postdocs and young group leaders enjoyed a meeting in a familiar atmosphere to exchange inspiring new data and vibrant scientific discussions about the fascinating history and exciting future of non-coding RNA research including microRNA, piRNA and long non-coding RNA as well as their function in cancer, diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases.

The present issue of physica status solidi (c) contains papers presented at the 35th International Symposium on Compound Semiconductors (ISCS 2008). The symposium was held 21–24 September 2008 at the Europa-Park in Rust, Germany. This conference is one in an annual series, which has in the past rotated between the United States, Europe and Asia and was organized for the second time at the Europa-Park. The last three conferences were held in Kyoto, Japan (2007), Vancouver, Canada (2006) and Rust, Germany (2005). The history of the symposium goes back to 1966 when the first “International Symposium on GaAs and Related Compounds” took place in Reading, England. The scope of the meeting includes both science and technology and the entire spectrum of III–V and II–VI compound semiconductors as well as SiGe, SiC and carbon related materials. The symposium was attended by 130 registered participants from 17 countries with 26% from Asia, 12% from America and 62% from Europe. A total of 101 papers were presented at the symposium including 4 plenary talks, 13 invited talks, 41 contributed talks and 43 poster presentations. The conference was opened with a plenary session to highlight current research activities within the German “excellence initiative” at the Universities of Aachen, Karlsruhe and Konstanz. Reinhart Proprawe opened this series with his view on “Reaching excellence in university R&D – The institutional strategy of RWTH Aachen 2020”, followed by a presentation on “Photonic metamaterials: Optics starts walking on two feet” by Martin Wegener from the University of Karlsruhe. Alfred Leitenstorfer highlighted application oriented research in a paper entitled “The Konstanz center for Applied Photonics: Bridging the gap between fundamental research and high tech industry”, followed by the industrial view of Stefan Illek on “Light from crystals – Light emitting diodes are penetrating our everyday life”. Three prestigious research awards were presented at the symposium, the Welker Award, the Quantum Device Award, and the Young Scientist Award. We thank all the participants as well as the Program Committee members of ISCS 2008 for contributing to the success of the meeting. Finally, we extend our thanks to the Local Organizing Committee for the excellent organization of the symposium. The 36th International Symposium on Compound Semiconductors will be organized by Umesh Mishra and will be held at the University of California at Santa Barbara, on 31 August–2 September 2009 (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Topical problems of maintaining the highly important personnel component of science and technology advance at the required and constantly improving level are considered. The quality of personnel is mainly determined by the quality of engineering education and production of scientists.

Joseph V. Smith was born on the 30th of July 1928, in Derbyshire, England. He married Brenda Wallis at Crich, Derbyshire, on the 31st of August, 1951, moved to the USA, and their family grew with two daughters, Virginia and Susan. He retired in September 2005 as the Louis Block Professor Emeritus in Geophysical Sciences and the College at the University of Chicago. On Friday the 6th of April, 2007, at age 78, he died of pneumonia at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston. Parkinson’s disease had begun to take its cruel toll about five years earlier. He and his wife Brenda moved to Brookline in 2005 to be near their daughter, Virginia, and family, where he suffered a broken hip and several heart attacks before the final event. In the meantime, he continued to write an autobiographical book Living Safely which dealt with local and global problems facing our species. As Brenda said: “He was very strong and very stoic. He handled any difficulties in life the way he handled his illness.” In early April, a reporter from the Boston Globe asked me, by phone, for information about Professor Smith. From my troubled, garbled conversation the reporter recovered the following quotation: “Joe was one of the great mineralogists of his time, both in an intellectual sense and a practical sense. He did first-rate science that was always at the forefront. And he pursued practical applications in a very powerful way. He was also always looking for the next, best way of studying minerals.” His many honours support these statements. These include election as Fellow of the Royal Society of London and member of the US National Academy of Sciences, and award of the Murchison Medal (Geological Society of London), the MSA Award (young scientist award …

High school students are not often given opportunities to communicate scientific findings to their peers, the general public, and/or people in the scientific community, and therefore they do not develop scientific communication skills. We present a nine-week course that can be used to teach high school students, who may have no previous experience, how to read and write primary scientific articles and how to discuss scientific findings with a broad audience. Various forms of this course have been taught for the past 10 years as part of an intensive summer research program for rising high school seniors that is coordinated by the Young Scientist Program at Washington University in St. Louis. The format presented here includes assessments for efficacy through both rubric-based methods and student self-assessment surveys.

We describe an eight-week summer Young Scientist in Training (YSIT) internship program involving middle and high school students. This program exposed students to current basic research in molecular genetics, while introducing or reinforcing principles of the scientific method and demonstrating the uses of mathematics and chemistry in biology. For the laboratory-based program, selected students from Baltimore City Schools working in groups of three were teamed with undergraduate research assistants at Morgan State University. Teams were assigned a project that was indirectly related to our laboratory research on the characterization of gene expression in Caenorhabditis elegans. At the end of the program, teams prepared posters detailing their accomplishments, and presented their findings to parents and faculty members during a mini-symposium. The posters were also submitted to the respective schools and the interns were offered a presentation of their research at local high school science fairs.

Ninth grader Deepika Kurup is the winner of the 2012 Discovery Education 3M Young Scientist Challenge, which earned her the title ?America?s Top Young Scientist? and an award of US$25,000 for her work. Since 2008, Discovery Education and 3M have held an annual competition encouraging young innovators to develop solutions to everyday problems, competing for a title and cash prizes. At the final competition, the finalists shared their completed innovations with a panel of judges. In addition to presenting their prototypes, the ten finalists competed in two additional challenges in which they were asked to combine multiple 3M technologies to yield new solutions and to build a machine designed to turn on a light bulb using science and engineering principles. Finalists were evaluated on their scientific knowledge, creativity and use of 3M technology.

Supervisor’s supporting comments As a young scientist in Pfizer’s Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism Group, Matt Blatnik has demonstrated significant scientific and analytical acumen with consistent impact on biomarker research programs to drive portfolio decisions. He has continuously increased his capabilities and knowledge in state-of-the-art LC–MS techniques and ligand-binding applications to devise bioanalytical strategies for the exploration of mechanism-based biomarker projects in metabolic-, cardiovascular- and neuroscience-related projects. Matt consistently uses his deep biochemical knowledge to inform his laboratory science, which has helped him resolve key translational issues with biomarkers in disease pathways and therapeutic programs. He exhibits a high level of scientific curiosity and routinely challenges scientific dogma, which allows him to develop and test alternative scientific explanations for laboratory observations without bias to the conventional explanations. Conformational structural considerations for the peptide hormone biomarkers, such as Ghrelin and GLP-1, are key examples of this characteristic. Matt has quickly developed the capability to present and publish his work, as demonstrated by a number of peer-reviewed articles and through outreach and influence at national conferences and scientific leadership with the American Society for Mass Spectrometry (ASMS) as a session chair and interest group coordinator (2011 and 2012). Matt demonstrates his passion for science by routinely coaching junior scientists, driving scientific initiatives through these interactions and participating at a high level with internal scientific presentations, platform assessments and discipline scientific strategies. Taken as a whole, Matt has exhibited a very high level of scientific acumen, curiosity and accomplishments and I fully support his nomination for the Bioanalysis Young Investigator Award.

I agree with M. McNutt that young scientists should be evaluated on the basis of their willingness to take risks (Editorial, “The measure of research merit,” 5 December 2014, p. [1155][1]). I believe most scientists do recognize that the current approach of using bibliometrics to gauge achievement is misleading, not just for young scientists but for scientists of all ages. This system is especially damaging to scientists coming from the developing or underdeveloped countries, where the training and facilities may not match those of the developed world. For scientists in these countries, the open-access cost or publication fees of high–impact factor journals may not be affordable. Furthermore, a young scientist enrolling with a highly accomplished research group may find it easier to publish research articles compared with one who pursues original ideas in a newly formed lab. During my time as a Ph.D., it was very common to see fellow students striving to join the most productive or established groups for postdoctoral training, even if their interests did not match. This trend continues today, mainly because of the current evaluation process. How do we encourage youngsters to pursue their passion and dreams, which may not materialize in the short time frame of a Ph.D. or postdoc period? McNutt's proposal should be seriously investigated by universities and funding agencies. [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aaa3796

Students may exit a Ph.D. program feeling fatigued, and sometimes a bit directionless professionally. These feelings combined with the challenging academic job market could be part of the reason for this time period being one of the biggest “leaks in the pipeline,” for women scientists in particular. The flexibility and generosity of the Hunt Fellowship can be inspiring at this crossroads of a young scientist’s career. As the 2009–2010 Hunt Postdoctoral Research Fellowship recipient, I studied the acoustic behavior of humpback whales on their Antarctic feeding grounds, working under the mentorship of Dr. Whitlow Au (University of Hawaii) and Dr. Douglas Nowacek (Duke University). This project followed seamlessly from my dissertation, yet brought me to new ecosystems and reinvigorated my research questions with surprising data. The signal processing skills I gained in acoustic and animal movement analysis solidified my interest in quantitative acoustic behavior research and I made strong connections with s...

Based on interviews with scientists who have received the Distinguished Young Scientist award from the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the paper examines the backgrounds, experiences, and attitudes of China's rising scientific elite, and explores how this new generation of scientists thinks about the conditions necessary for scientific distinction. The new elite scientists in China show signs of having mastered the institutional environment for research; individually, they seem to be able to find the resources and autonomy to build successful research enterprises. At the same time, as the elite seeks to bridge the norms and practices of the best of international science and Chinese realities, their collective lives are subject to tensions, uncertainties, and contradictions which make the building of a dynamic scientific community especially challenging. As the institutional environment within China changes, scientists receive mixed signals as to the balance between professional and commercial values of research.

Einstein, 1933: "There are certain occupations, even in modern society, which entail living in isolation and do not require great physical or intellectual effort. Such occupations as the service of lighthouses and lightships come to mind."' Solitude, Einstein argued, would be perfect for the young scientist engaged with philosophical and mathematical problems. His own youth, we are tempted to speculate, might be thought of this way, the Bern patent office where he had earned a living seeming no more than a distant oceanic lightship. Consistent with this picture of otherworldliness, we have enshrined Einstein as the philosopher-scientist who, unmindful of the noise from his office work, rethought the foundations of his discipline and toppled the Newtonian absolutes of space and time.

Spector’s work focuses on the spatial organization and regulation of gene expression. Growing up in Washington Heights in New York City, David Spector’s interest in science began at a very young age. In the fifth or sixth grade, his class was part of a trial NSF program, called: “Time, Space, and Matter: Investigating the Physical World.” Instead of learning by reading materials, the goal of the program was to learn by experience and discussion. As part of this program, the students were handed a blank notebook and asked to write about what they were learning, essentially writing their own “book.” His first experience in science came around the same time, when he and his classmate Stanley Feldman built an electronic oscillator and entered the science fair. They won first prize in the Borough of Manhattan Science Fair for fifth and sixth graders and won a whopping prize of $10 each. Spector has come quite a long way since these early days as a young scientist. He now runs his own lab at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (spectorlab.cshl.edu), where he studies the ways in which nuclear organization impacts gene expression. We contacted him to learn more.

This paper describes the setup for a gamified classroom for the subject of Software Engineering. A series of papers have resulted from this work: “Understanding Student Motivation” at CSEDU 2013 [1] and “Bridging the Motivation Gap”, an IGIP SPEED Young Scientist award paper here at ICL 2013 [2]. The intention behind gamifying the course was to increase student engagement and motivation by allowing for independent learning with flexible speed and choice of emphasis. Daniel Pink's [3] motivational theory, which is also found in gamification factors, outlines that autonomy, mastery and purpose lead to these goals. The adopted approach also deals nicely with the vast differences regarding background knowledge and the spread of interest of each of the students. During the latter part of the course a student survey was conducted. Out of 90 students, 59 answered. As a general rule, students did not receive the gamification ideas in a positive light. We examine what went wrong regarding the gamification factors and propose changes for the next iteration of the course.

Early in the 1954 science fiction classic Godzilla, Japan's National Diet Building stands steadfast in the bright light of day. The edifice is a refuge for the terrified citizens of Odoshima arriving in Tokyo to testify at hearings on the giant monster that has besieged their island. Only a few scenes later, the situation changes dramatically. Godzilla attacks Tokyo at night. During his rampage through the city, he melts electrical towers and crushes the Waco Department Store and the Japan Theater. Godzilla looms threateningly over the Diet Building, then trudges through the structure, which crumbles in his wake. Despite desperate efforts to stop Godzilla, the government is powerless in the face of this awesome phenomenon. In the end, only the creativity and courage of a young scientist can stop the devastation.

Jean Piaget has surpassed most of his scientific contemporaries in influence, significance and productivity. Two questions of pedagogical interest can be asked: How did the boy Jean Piaget, with his peculiar interest in philosophy, become such an outstanding scientist, and what was the role of his teachers in this respect? Piaget's way into science demonstrates that personal ability, drive and creativity can be more important factors in the development of a young scientist than special fostering at school.

President Foster, SEG members, and friends: Jeremy P. Richards was born in England and fell in love with economic geology when he was a child. The first pieces in his rock collection included galena and other minerals from some small historic lead mines in the Yorkshire Pennines. He received his bachelor’s degree in geology from the University of Cambridge (1983–1985), an M.Sc. degree from the University of Toronto (1986), an M.A. from Cambridge (1987), and completed his Ph.D. degree at the Australia National University in 1990. His education at universities in the UK, Canada, and Australia provided him with opportunities to work with world experts in economic geology, followed by a post-doc with Robert Kerrich at the University of Saskatchewan (1990–1992), after which he returned to the UK as Lecturer at the University of Leicester. In recognition of his outstanding publications in economic geology as a young scientist, Jeremy …

On 6 and 7 October 2016, the Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf) hosted the 2016 Annual Young Scientist Conference in partnership with the Department of Science and Technology; the South African Young Academy of Science; Gender in Science, Innovation, Technology and Engineering (GenderInSITE); and the South African Chapter of the Organization for Women in Science for the Developing World. The conference explored and discussed human rights in Africa in many of its dimensions to celebrate 2016 as the 'African Year of Human Rights with Particular Focus on the Rights of Women'.

The 27th IUPAP Conference on Computational Physics, CCP2015, was held in the heritage city Guwahati, in the eastern part of India, next to the mighty river Brahmaputra, during December 2-5, 2015. The Conference on Computational Physics is organized annually under the auspices of Commission 20 (C20) of the IUPAP (International Union of Pure and Applied Physics). This is the first time it has been held in India. Almost 300 participants from 25 countries convened at the auditorium and lecture halls at the Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati for four days. Thirteen plenary speakers, fifty six invited speakers, three presnters from the computer industries and two hundred and eight contributory participants coverd a broad range of topics in computational physics and related areas. Thirty eight women participated in CCP2015 and seven of them presented invited talks. This volume of Journal of Physics: Conference Series contains the proceedings of the scientific contributions presented at the Conference. The main purpose of the meeting was to discuss the progress, opportunities and challenges of common interest to physicists engaged in computational research. Computational physics has taken giant leaps during the lat few years, not only because of the enormous increases in computer power but especially because of the development of new methods and algorithms. Computational physics now represents a third leg of research alongside analytical theory and experiments. A meeting such as CCP, must have sufficient depth in different areas and at the same time should be broad and accessible. The topics covered in this conference were: Materials/Condensed Matter Theory and Nanoscience, Strongly Correlated Systems and Quantum Phase Transitions, Quantum Chemistry and Atomic Physics, Quantum Chromodynamics, Astrophysics, Plasma Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Complex Systems: Chaos and Statistical Physics, Macroscopic Transport and Mesoscopic Methods, Biological Physics and Soft Materials, Supercomputing and Computational Physics Teaching, Computational Physics and Sustainable Energy. As organizers and editors of these Proceedings, we are very pleased with the number and the quality of the papers provided by the participants. The papers cover a good cross-section of what was presented at the meeting. We are sure that these will represent the state of the computational physics today. The remainder of this Preface contains lists detailing the organizational structure of CCP2015, endorsers and sponsors of the meeting, plenary and invited talks, and a presentation of the 2015 IUPAP C20 Young Scientist Prize. Finally, we would like to express our sincere thanks to our sponsors and endorsers: C20 Commission of International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP); Division of Computational Physics, American Physical Society (APS); European Physicsl Society (EPS); Association of Asia Pacific Physical Societies (AAAPS), Intel Software; Nvidia; Fujitsu; Netweb Technologies; The Institute of Mathematical Sciences Chennai, and finally Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati. We are grateful to the organizing committee, the International Advisory Board, the local organizing committee and participants who helped in making CCP2015 a success.

My own voyage to data mining started long before data mining had a name. It started as a curiosity that a young scientist had in searching for interesting patterns in data. In fact, the journey began in 1983 as an artificial intelligence Ph.D. student at the Australian National University, under Professor Robin Stanton.

Zum zweiten Male offneten sich im April dieses Jahres die Pforten des neuen Chinesisch-Deutschen Zentrums fur Wissenschaftsforderung in Beijing den Polymerwissenschaften. Nach der ersten Veranstaltung dieser Art im Oktober 2001 [Nachr. Chem.: 2002, 50,: 393]: hatten nun vom 9.-12. April 2002 17 chinesische und 15 deutsche Wissenschaftler, Im Durchschnitt unter 40 Jahre alt, die Moglichkeit zum Austausch. Das dreitagige Vortragsprogramm spannte einen Bogen von der Polymerchemie uber moderne Polymeranalytik bis hin zu aktuellen Anwendungen.

Convincing someone to risk money is often the first tangible evidence that a new technology has real market potential. While there’s no shortage of impressive new technologies or startups in Israel today, money to kick them up a notch is in short supply. Private investors took a hit during the recession, but the Israeli angel community is bouncing back and becoming increasingly sophisticated as it expands to include people who made their fortunes in the hi-tech/biotech sectors and understand the business.Since angels frequently provide more than money to new ventures, these experienced players often help young companies save precious time and money by steering them through regulatory mazes and leveraging contacts to secure the additional resources needed to propel projects forward. But what’s in it for angels? What motivates them to invest in risky ventures that often fail or take years to yield a return on investment? If you’re an ambitious young scientist with promising ideas of your own, read on.

I am grateful for receiving the Luna B. Leopold Award from the Earth and Planetary Surface Processes (EPSP) focus group at AGU. I am thankful to the mentors and colleagues who played important roles in shaping my science over the past 10 years. Significant credit goes to three people in particular: David Mohrig, Gary Parker, and Mead Allison. These gentlemen patiently developed and honed my skills for observing, modeling, and theorizing about the physical processes that produce fluvial-deltaic morphology and stratigraphy. It was an incredible opportunity to have worked with such a diverse set of thinkers, who regularly pushed me to consider and pursue new ideas, preventing too much comfort with the scientific status quo. Their mentoring fostered an independent and creative focus that produced the science for which this award has been generously given.

Quentin C. Williams and Scott C. Doney were awarded the James B. Macelwane Medal at the AGU Fall Meeting Honors Ceremony, which was held on December 17, 2000 in San Francisco, California. The medal recognizes significant contributions to the geophysical sciences by a young scientist of outstanding ability.

This is a comparative study of the image of the scientist held by Israeli Jewish and Arabic student teachers from various backgrounds. The image of female scientists among these groups was also investigated. Five groups of female students (N=500) from four colleges were studied. Traditional tools (DAST) were combined with more informative methods (captions, statements, and free writing) and supplemented by interviews. The stereotypic image of the scientist was found to be a bespectacled male using conventional research equipment, who prefers intellectual occupations for leisure pursuits was perceived by most participants. The image held by the secular Jewish student teachers largely conformed to the Western image of the scientist – a disheveled man working in a laboratory, with few social connections. An image of a scientist as a revered, authoritative teacher or scholar emerged amongst the traditional groups (Bedouin, Orthodox, and Ultra-Orthodox). The image found amongst Arabic student teachers of the North (a moderately traditional group) was unique: a young scientist, using computers, whose work is partially done outside of the laboratory. Among the traditional groups, the female scientist is perceived to be “torn” between her career and tradition. Conclusions from this research and implications for science study and teaching curricula are discussed.

Mr. President, Ms. Past President, members of the society and guests, dear colleagues: I am very honored and very proud to be the recipient of the MSA award. Thank you Dave for this wonderful citation. I am honored because looking at the list of the previous recipients; a young scientist cannot but be impressed and startled by the list of names. Every “hero,” if you allow me the term, of an experimental petrologist or mineral physicist is in that list. And without false modesty, and I am convinced that this feeling is shared with many previous recipients, you always wonder whether you really belong here. It is truly an immense privilege. I am proud because not often is this honor awarded to …

Professor Cristofor I. Simionescu was born on July 17, 1920, in Dumbraveni-Suceava. His father was a high school teacher, and young Simionescu went to elementary school in his home town. After completing elementary school he went to Jassy and attended the prestigious “National Lyceum,” the roots of which stem from the “Michailean Academy.” He then began studies at the Polytechnic Institute of Jassy at the Faculty of Chemical Engineering. As a young student he was known for his enthusiasm and was recognized as an excellent young scientist. In 1944 Cristofor Simionescu graduated mugna cum lade from the Polytechnic Institute in Jassy. He obtained his first scientific degree in organic technology, i.e., Doctor of Technical Sciences, in 1948, and became Associate Professor at the Polytechnic Institute. In 1951 he was promoted to Full Professor and was appointed to the Chair of Natural and Synthetic Macromolecules. From 1953 until 1976 Professor Simionescu was Rector of the Polytechnic Institute of Jassy.

This volume of the IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering contains papers from the 14th Workshop of the European Microbeam Analysis Society (EMAS) on Modern Developments and Applications in Microbeam Analysis which took place from the 3rd to the 7th of May 2015 in the Grand Hotel Bernardin, Portorož, Slovenia. The primary aim of this series of workshops is to assess the state-of-the-art and reliability of microbeam analysis techniques. The workshops also provide a forum where students and young scientists starting out on a career in microbeam analysis can meet and discuss with the established experts. The workshops have a unique format comprising invited plenary lectures by internationally recognized experts, poster presentations by the participants and round table discussions on the key topics led by specialists in the field.This workshop was organized in collaboration with the Jožef Stefan Institute and SDM – Slovene Society for Microscopy. The technical programme included the following topics: electron probe microanalysis, STEM and EELS, materials applications, cathodoluminescence and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and their applications. As at previous workshops there was also a special oral session for young scientists. The best presentation by a young scientist was awarded with an invitation to attend the 2016 Microscopy and Microanalysis meeting at Columbus, Ohio. The prize went to Shirin Kaboli, of the Department of Metals and Materials Engineering of McGill University (Montreal, Canada), for her talk entitled "Electron channelling contrast reconstruction with electron backscattered diffraction". The continuing relevance of the EMAS workshops and the high regard in which they are held internationally can be seen from the fact that 71 posters from 16 countries were on display at the meeting and that the participants came from as far away as Japan, Canada, USA, and Australia. A selection of participants with posters was invited to give a short oral presentation of their work in three dedicated sessions. The prize for the best poster was an invitation to participate in the 24th Australian Conference on Microscopy and Microanalysis (ACMM 24) in Melbourne, Australia. The prize was awarded to Aurelien Moy of the University of Montpellier (France) for his poster entitled: "Standardless quantification of heavy metals by electron probe microanalysis". This proceedings volume contains the full texts of 9 of the invited plenary lectures and of 12 papers on related topics originating from the posters presented at the workshop. All the papers have been subjected to peer review by a least two referees.

As we have seen in broad outline, the motivation for Mach’s early theory of “psychophysical monadology” was to establish the new psychology of the 1860s on a rigorous basis by bridging the ontological gap between psychology and physics, a very ambitious subject for a young scientist who was just establishing a solid reputation.

This year ’s Best Paper Award for outstanding work published in Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry (ABC) goes to Oluwatosin O. Dada (34), who is the lead author of the paper “Capillary array isoelectric focusing with laser-induced fluorescence detection”. Dr Dada’s significant contribution to this technology is the development of a state-of-the-art tool for highthroughput capillary isoelectric focusing. The performance of this technology is stunning: it provides the highest throughput isoelectric focusing analysis ever reported, the highest sensitivity ever reported for a high-throughput instrument, and the highest resolution separation ever reported for capillary isoelectric focusing. There is great potential for a wide range of applications of this technology, including characterization of recombinant and therapeutic proteins, diagnosis of disease, and study of systems biology. Accompanied by EUR 1,000, the Award is sponsored by Springer to acknowledge the work of an exceptional young scientist. The article “Capillary array isoelectric focusing with laser-induced fluorescence detection” by Oluwatosin O. Dada, Lauren M. Ramsay, Jane A. Dickerson, Nathan Cermak, Rong Jiang, Cuiru Zhu, and Norman J. Dovichi was published as Paper in Forefront in the ABC issue entitled “Analytical Tools for Cell Research” (Vol. 397/8, pp. 3305–3310), now freely available online on SpringerLink at http://www.springerlink.com/content/ 681x271l58435h58/.

The Edmond M. Dewan Young Scientist Scholarship fund has reached its goal of $25,000. Those who donated to the fund share AGU's mission in taking an active role in educating and nurturing the next generation of scientists and ensuring a sustainable future for society. Thanks to the generosity of more than 100 members of the AGU and science community, a deserving graduate student of atmospheric or space physics will receive financial assistance to further his or her research and advance his or her research and future career.