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Makerspaces provide individuals and communities with physical access to costly technologies and empower them to create material things in a physical space. This new form of citizen engagement has the potential to improve autonomy, creativity, and motivation. Consequently, makerspaces can help firms maintain the innovativeness of their employees. Despite the growing popularity of makerspaces, their moral foundations are still far from clear. Our study's purpose is to illuminate the moral foundations of makerspaces from a design perspective, combining previously unconnected (1) technical, (2) social, and (3) cognitive levels of makerspaces. This study reveals configurations of high and low user innovativeness and demonstrates the role of moral foundations in makerspaces. Most importantly, technical facilities can compensate for the lack of moral foundations in small and inexperienced user teams. We discuss our findings and highlight the moral foundations of makerspaces as unconventional sources of innovation.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is increasingly transforming the way we work, live, and travel. IoT devices collect, store, analyze, and act upon a continuous stream of data as a by-product of everyday use. However, IoT devices need unrestricted data access to fully function. As such, they invade users’ virtual and physical space and raise far-reaching privacy challenges that are unlike those examined in other contexts. As advanced IoT devices, connected cars offer a unique setting to review and extend established theory and evidence on privacy and data sharing. Employing a sequential mixed methods design, we conducted an interview study (n=120), a survey study (n=333), and a field experiment (n=324) among car drivers to develop and validate a contextualized model of individuals’ data sharing decisions. Our findings from the three studies highlight the interplay between virtual and physical risks in shaping drivers’ privacy concerns and data sharing decisions—with information privacy and data security emerging as discrete yet closely interrelated concepts. Our findings also highlight the importance of psychological ownership, conceptualized as drivers’ feelings of possession toward their driving data, as an important addition to established privacy calculus models of data sharing. This novel perspective explains why individuals are reluctant to share even low-sensitivity data that do not raise privacy concerns. The psychological ownership perspective has implications for designing incentives for data-enabled services in ways that augment drivers’ self-efficacy and psychological ownership and thereby encourage them to share driving data. These insights help reconcile a fundamental tension among IoT users—how to avail the benefits of data enabled IoT devices while reducing the psychological costs associated with the sharing of personal data.

O artigo analisa as configurações da educação no decurso da pandemia da Covid-19, a partir da triangulação formada pelos conceitos de disciplina, biopolítica e governamentalidade, desenvolvidos pelo autor francês Michel Foucault. O corpus de análise é composto por cinco postagens publicadas em perfis oficiais de três secretarias estaduais da educação, a saber: Secretaria da Educação do Ceará (@seduc_ce); Secretaria de Estado da Educação do Piauí (@seducpi); Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo (@seducsp). Em relação à metodologia, trata-se de um estudo descritivo-interpretativo de natureza qualitativa. A análise do material coletado permite constatar o enfoque disciplinar, radiografado especialmente no tocante a como os discentes devem se comportar no âmbito ensino domiciliar, as estratégias biopolíticas, que perfilam a saúde desses discentes e de seus familiares, por meio de recomendações de cunho sanitário e, por fim, o governo desses corpos e subjetividades que estão ausentes do espaço físico da escola, em razão da pandemia, mas não incólumes às capturas da governamentalidade.

Objetivo: Descrever as ações do enfermeiro no atendimento ao portador de feridas na atenção básica em saúde. Metodologia: Revisão integrativa da literatura estruturada em seis etapas que buscou responder a questão norteadora: "Quais as ações desenvolvidas pelo enfermeiro no cuidado ao portador de feridas na atenção básica em saúde?" a partir da busca de artigos de livre acesso nas bases de dados publicados no intervalo dos últimos 10 anos (2009-2019), baseado em critérios de elegibilidade estabelecidos e a partir do ní­vel de evidência das publicações. Resultados: Os estudos incluí­dos para análise apontam a atuação do enfermeiro centrada na garantia e manutenção de espaço fí­sico em conformidade com as normas sanitárias, na educação em saúde como ação de promoção da autonomia e autocuidado e na observação dos aspectos sociais e culturais do usuário no contexto da melhoria da cicatrização das lesões. Conclusões: Entende-se como necessária a inserção deste profissional enquanto participante ativo da assistência para desenvolvimento de ações embasadas no conhecimento cientí­fico e a possibilidade da redução do tempo de tratamento do usuário e na redução dos custos da assistência junto ao sistema de saúde.

Are digital technologies affecting how we learn, what we know, and how we remember? We examine three aspects of these questions: the impact of the internet on cognitive skills, the way GPS is reshaping abilities to navigate physical space, and differences between digital and print reading. The goal of the analysis is to understand potential effects of digital technologies on educational practices and goals. We begin by reviewing research demonstrating the growing tendency to depend on digital devices and the internet to do our remembering for us. Regarding GPS, there is mounting evidence that reliance on GPS devices reduces our ability to navigate physical space on our own. Worryingly, studies indicate correlations between decreased navigational skills and dementia. Finally, the article documents how digital reading tends to lead to a more superficial approach to text than traditional print. Technologies have consequences, including in education. If digital technologies lead to diminished memory, lower our ability to find our way in physical space, and foster shallower reading, we need to consider the consequences for both formal and informal learning.

Dentro do ambiente escolar é necessário que haja a inclusão de todos os alunos, independentemente de suas necessidades ou facilidades. Todos devem conseguir ter o direto de aprender coisas novas, explorar seu espaço físico e de ter socialização com os demais. Diante desse aspecto, torna-se dever da escola e do professor de conhecer individualmente seus alunos para que consigam compreender aquilo que precisam para terem sua formação plena, para que seja efetivado o processo de ensino-aprendizagem. A utilização da adaptação curricular é excepcional para que aquele aluno consiga aprender o que o restante da classe está aprendendo, apenas de uma maneira diferenciada de acordo com o que ele necessite. Nesse sentido essa pesquisa debruça no contexto da educação inclusiva com foco na atenção aos alunos com TEA no ambiente escolar. Utilizou-se a pesquisa bibliográfica com levantamento de conceitos e dados acerca do tema. Desse modo, o problema de investigação deste trabalho tornou-se em como a educação pode contribuir com a inclusão e com o ensino-aprendizagem dos alunos com TEA, tendo como objetivo conhecer o papel do professor e da escola, a importância da inclusão desses alunos e a adaptação curricular. Conclui-se nesta pesquisa que a educação inclusiva é fundamental no ambiente escolar, garantindo o acolhimento e ensino dos alunos com TEA.

This work presents the results of one of the initial activities carried out by the Institutional Program for Teaching Initiation Scholarships (PIBID), from the State University of Alagoas (UNEAL) of the Biological Sciences course, in 2018, the school diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to learn about the school space as a context for the program's scholarship holders, allowing for an analysis and perception of the possibilities that exist in the school community. In this activity several aspects of the school were analyzed, among which the following stand out: the recognition of the physical space and the study of the Political Pedagogical Project. Through this activity, it was possible to verify the perception of the school's Biology teacher about the difficulties in students 'learning, choice of the profession of educator, assessment of students' behavior in relation to the discipline of Biology and the didactic resources used in the classroom . It can be said that the present activity has brought positive results, as it has helped us to know the reality in which the school is inserted, as well as its potentialities and relevant difficulties, helping us a lot as Pibidians and future teachers. The activity was developed in one of PIBID's partner schools, located in the city of Arapiraca - AL. KEYWORDS: Diagnosis, School reality, Teachers. RESUMO: Este trabalho apresenta os resultados de uma das atividades iniciais realizadas pelo Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID), da Universidade Estadual de Alagoas (UNEAL) do curso de Ciências Biológicas, em 2018, o diagnóstico escolar. O mesmo teve como propósito o conhecimento do espaço escolar como contexto de atuação dos bolsistas do programa, permitindo analise e percepção das possibilidades existentes na comunidade escolar. Nesta atividade foram analisados vários aspectos da escola, entre eles destacam-se: o reconhecimento do espaço físico e o estudo do Projeto Político Pedagógico. Por meio desta atividade pôde-se verificar a percepção da professora de Biologia da escola sobre as dificuldades na aprendizagem dos alunos, escolha da profissão de educadora, avaliação do comportamento dos alunos em relação à disciplina de Biologia e os recursos didáticos utilizados em sala de aula. Pode-se afirmar que a presente atividade trouxe resultados positivos, pois, nos ajudou a conhecer a realidade na qual a escola está inserida, bem como, suas potencialidades e dificuldades relevantes nos auxiliando bastante como Pibidianos e futuros docentes. A atividade foi desenvolvida em uma das escolas parceiras do PIBID, localizada no município de Arapiraca – AL. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Diagnóstico, Realidade escolar, Professores.

In their dual roles as community hubs and knowledge facilitators, libraries of the future will experience major change: they will have fewer books and increased available physical space; they will ...

With the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, field researches conducted within the social sciences took on a new form where the researchers and interviewees cannot meet in the same physical space. Even though interviews were sometimes conducted via communication technologies and digitalization, the implementation has become even more widespread now. The lack of a spatial experience shared by both parties brings new questionings on the fundamental elements of feminist methodology which include the transforming feature of the researcher on the research field, potential hierarchies to be built between the researcher and interviewees, and taking the responsibility of the research field. In accordance with its subject matter, this article addresses the current circumstances of the above-stated questionings of feminist methodology through comparative examples from the author’s personal research experiences before and during the pandemic. Moreover, it discusses how the socio-spatial dynamics that are thought to be internal to feminist methodology function in physical distance.

Tradicionalmente la figura del bibliotecario de museos no ha sido especialmente reconocida en su justo valor, aunque su papel siempre ha sido apreciado por quienes han requerido de su orientación y servicios. El vertiginoso avance tecnológico de los últimos años ha ido transformando el rol del bibliotecario y la visión que el público tiene de ellos: su misión ahora va más allá de proporcionar información, aportando y añadiendo sus conocimientos de forma decisiva en las investigaciones y convirtiéndose así en parte activa de las mismas. Esta labor de colaboración trasciende al espacio físico de la biblioteca, pues como parte integrante de los servicios de su institución, debe difundir sus fondos a través del repositorio digital institucional para interoperar con los contenidos museales, incrementando su visibilidad y fomentando el interés de los usuarios potenciales.

Home is often dually conceptualized as a physical space of living and a psycho-social place of belonging. To engage with this dual nature of home, housing scholars refer to the concept of ontologic...

The essay aims to explore some historical-conceptual junctures of the Early Modern literary culture, starting from the perspective of the meeting and interaction between words and images in the physical space of a manuscript and in the conceptual space of a mnemotechnical treatise. Therefore the article describes a richly illustrated manuscript of the Parisian library of Sainte-Geneviève (ms. 3368), which contains an Italian treatise on the art of memory from the mid-15th century. The semiotic, rhetorical and cultural strategies mobilized by the physical co-presence of a text and its figurative translation represent in fact the core of every mnemonic process. The illustrations visualize the result of the associative process that enables remembrance, whilst the text follows and breaks down the process in a linear way, normally mentioning the res memorandae and then the image that has to be visualized in the mind.

La crise historique que nous venons de traverser dans le monde entier avec la pandémie de la COVID-19 n’a fait que souligner avec une acuité plus intense encore que d’habitude que les effets du numérique sur l’éducation et la formation sont multiples. Nous retenons notamment l’importance de la mise en place de dispositifs technopédagogiques de qualité, qu’ils soient présentiels (en classe), distanciels (à la maison ou au travail) ou hybrides (combinant des activités pédagogiques dans un même espace physique et des activités pédagogiques en ligne), afin de favoriser la création de contextes d’apprentissage permettant à toutes les personnes apprenantes, quelles que soient leurs situations, d’être engagées, d’être accompagnées, d’être guidées, d’être soutenues. Mais, comment concevoir la qualité, alors que l’activité pédagogique, soumise à des tensions, est perçue comme étant entrée en « mode dégradé »? Ce numéro thématique propose une réflexion croisée autour des apports, des possibilités et des contraintes qu’impose le numérique en éducation et en formation. Les autrices et auteurs réunis questionnent également la conception et les éléments qui contribuent à la qualité des dispositifs de formations en ligne et hybrides. Ce quatrième numéro de Médiations & médiatisations restitue des analyses, des réflexions ou des expériences vécues dans ces modalités d’enseignement, illustrant à la fois des réorganisations et la nécessité d’un développement professionnel.

PURPOSE Although workplace learning environments provide authentic tasks to promote learning, elements of clinical settings may distract trainees and impede learning. The characteristics of workplace learning environments that require optimization are ill-defined. Applying principles of cognitive load theory (CLT) to optimize learning environments by managing intrinsic load (complexity of the task matched to learner knowledge and skill), minimizing extraneous load (any aspect that is not part of task completion), and increasing germane load (processing for storage in long-term memory) could be advantageous. The authors explored trainee perceptions of characteristics that helped or impaired learning from a cognitive load perspective. Echocardiography interpretation was used as a model. METHOD The authors conducted semistructured interviews between December 2018 and March 2019 with a purposeful sample of 10 cardiology trainees at the University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine until thematic sufficiency was achieved. Participants represented a range of training levels (3 fourth-year trainees, 2 fifth-year trainees, 3 sixth-year trainees, and 2 advanced echocardiography fellows) and career aspirations (4 desired careers in imaging). Two independent coders analyzed interview transcripts using template analysis. Codes were mapped to CLT subcomponents. RESULTS Trainees selected their own echocardiograms to interpret; if trainees' skill levels and the complexity of the selected echocardiograms were mismatched, excess intrinsic load could result. Needing to look up information essential for task completion, interruptions, reporting software, and time pressures were characteristics that contributed to extraneous load. Characteristics that related to increasing germane load included the shared physical space (facilitating reading echocardiograms with attendings and just-in-time guidance from near peers) and the availability of final reports to obtain feedback independent of teachers. CONCLUSIONS As interpreted from a cognitive load perspective, findings highlight characteristics of workplace learning environments that could be optimized to improve learning. The findings have direct application to redesigning these learning environments.

The paper is aimed at the impact of COVID-19 on the quality of living and environment in Czechia The pandemic has affected almost all countries with varying intensity Its manifestations in the form of the number of infected and dead in the absence of an effective cure has provoked a reaction from governments, which has significantly affected people's lives and thus its quality Due to its connection with the pandemic, the importance of physical space has increased, therefore attention is also focused on the impact of the pandemic on the quality of the environment The authors, who deal with the impact of natural disasters on peoples’ quality of life, have stated a decrease in the quality of life after these disasters and the subsequent post-traumatic stress disorder Although a pandemic differs from natural disasters such as earthquakes, hurricanes or fires in its duration and the size of the affected population, its negative impact on the quality of life and the quality of space can be expected, and a hypothesis is formulated in this sense The aim of the article is to explore the evaluation of our lives and the evaluation of the environment, measuring their quality and finding correlations at the time of the outbreak and the culmination of COVID-19 The research based on a questionnaires was conducted in the region of central and northern Bohemia (Czechia) among the population over the age of 18 and has brought surprising results © Geografický ustav SAV / Institute of Geography SAS

Promoting electronic resources in a physical space takes ingenuity and cross-library partnership. This article discusses a collaborative approach to promote electronic resources by an outreach libr...

Background and purpose Leadership is a required component of doctor of pharmacy programs. There is opportunity for students to receive instructional education on leadership concepts through serious games. Educational activity and setting First-year pharmacy students (n = 146) participated in a required skills-based leadership lab including a team-based escape room activity. Findings Students reported a statistically significant increase in understanding of leadership concepts and application at the end of the global lab activities (p Summary Escape rooms present a unique opportunity to engage students in active learning and problem solving. A majority of the students found the escape room activity useful and enjoyed the interactive application of leadership concepts. Potential challenges to implementing escape rooms such as time to develop, physical space requirements, supplies, and volunteers to facilitate the experience should be considered prior to implementation. Serious gaming is an emerging pedagogy, and this data supplements existing literature to support use in pharmacy education.

Este artigo tem como objetivo estabelecer uma análise para as pequenas cidades da Amazônia, a partir do estudo das cidades de Afuá e Ponta de Pedras, no estado do Pará, e Mazagão, no estado do Amapá, que considere seus aspectos antropológicos e as redes de solidariedade estabelecidas pelas suas populações como variáveis necessárias na construção de políticas públicas. Para construir esse estudo, foram coletados dados por meio da aplicação de formulários aos moradores das três cidades, aprovados por Comitê de Ética, além de entrevistas com gestores públicos e a utilização de pesquisas realizadas por outros pesquisadores, sobre essas cidades. Considera-se nessa análise a aquisição de elementos da modernidade que permitam vislumbrar possibilidades por meio da concepção de território, cultura, redes sociais e urbanidade. A incompreensão desta realidade, em que indivíduos e espaço físico apresentam um movimento diferenciado, comparados à região Centro-Sul do país, contribui ainda mais para a propagação de falhas na elaboração e execução de políticas públicas estabelecidas nestes locais, tratadas como espaços opacos.

This integrative review synthesizes research studies in order to explore the perceptions of allied health professionals regarding interprofessional collaboration in primary health care. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using three electronic databases and a manual search of the Journal of Interprofessional Care. The Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool was used to assess the quality of included papers. Study findings were extracted, critically examined and grouped into themes. Twelve studies conducted in six different countries met the inclusion criteria. Thematic analysis revealed five themes: (1) shared philosophy; (2) communication and clinical interaction; (3) physical environment; (4) power and hierarchy; and (5) financial considerations. This review has identified diverse key elements related to interprofessional collaboration in primary health care, as perceived by allied health professionals. Opportunity for frequent, informal communication appeared essential for interprofessional collaboration to occur. Allied health professionals working in close proximity to health practitioners from other professions had more regular interprofessional interactions than those who were geographically separated. Co-location of multiple primary health care services within the same physical space may offer increased opportunities for interprofessional collaboration. Future research should avoid reporting on allied health professionals in primary health care collectively, and isolate data to the individual professions. Direct observational methods are warranted to investigate whether allied health professionals' perceptions of interprofessional collaboration align with their actual clinical interactions in primary health care settings.

While there is an extensive body of literature about the impact of sharing physical space on ethical consumption, and a growing body of literature that addresses the impact of digital technologies on ethical consumption, there is little research on the increasing intersections between the physical and digital realms. This study explores the distinct affordances of physical and digital spaces and how they may work in both complementary and synergistic fashions. Drawing on an ethnographic study of two ethical consumption communities in North London, UK, we explore how ethical consumers navigate and negotiate both physical and digital spaces, taking advantage of such affordances. We develop the notion of chorophilia, or love for physical space, explore digital commitments and synergistic affordances of scaling up, and advance polytopes, which focus on the relationality of digital-physical spaces. Implications and avenues for future research are also discussed.

Creativity is a significant flaw that is observed in the Peruvian educational system, and that has its origins in initial education. The purpose of this research is to know the influence of the use of physical space in the development of creativity among pupils of 5-years-old classes of the initial level in Arequipa. In particular, the study was carried out in eight public schools of the Local Educational Management Units of South Arequipa and Caylloma, with 151 students. Two instruments were used, one to evaluate the physical space and an adaptation of the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking. It was found that there is a relationship between the use of physical space and the development of creativity in children of the 5-years-old at the public educational institutions of the Caylloma and South Arequipa. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.19.2.12

O estudo tem como objetivo compreender os processos de conveniamento na Secretaria Municipal de Educação de São Paulo e Campinas para suprir a demanda por atendimento educacional na primeira infância, especificamente em creches que atualmente denomina-se Centro de Educação Infantil (CEI). Com o intuito de buscar soluções para a falta de vagas em creches, a Prefeitura de São Paulo e de Campinas optaram pela parceria com a iniciativa privada. Para coleta de dados foram utilizadas as bases Scielo, Google scholar e Capes Periódicos. De 18 artigos pesquisados, 6 foram selecionados por apresentarem relevância para a pergunta da pesquisa. Os resultados apontaram que há inúmeros entraves para resolver o problema e suprir a demanda de crianças sem acesso à escola. Destacam-se a falta de qualidade de atendimento nos centros conveniados e a precária formação em serviço dos profissionais de educação além de inadequação de espaço físico para atendimento às crianças.

Introducción y propósito de la investigación: los autores, miembros del grupo de cuidados al final de la vida de la Universidad de La Laguna, buscan identificar áreas de mejora con respecto al cuidado al final de la vida, las pérdidas y el duelo en el contexto profesional, desde la premisa de que es escasa e insuficiente la formación y preparación en torno al tema que nos trae. Metodología: se trata de una investigación fenomenológica hermenéutica mediante grupo focal de quince enfermeras del centro de salud Ofra Delicias-Miramar, en Santa Cruz de Tenerife (España), realizada en noviembre de 2019. Resultados: se identifican cuatro categorías principales al profundizar en ¿qué es el duelo?: el espacio físico del duelo y la muerte; el significado y contexto; el duelo por niños fallecidos; y propuestas de mejora. Conclusiones: las enfermeras refieren no sentirse suficientemente preparadas y formadas en lo que respecta al duelo y el proceso de morir. La formación es escasa y cabe plantearse y reflexionar sobre cómo las enfermeras realizan diagnósticos, establecen objetivos e intervenciones a personas en el final de la vida o en el proceso de duelo Introduction and purpose of the research: the authors, members of the End-of-Life Care group at the University of La Laguna (CUFINVIDA), seek to identify areas of improvement concerning end-of-life care, loss and grief in the professional context, from the premise that there is not enough training around this topic. Methodology: phenomenological hermeneutic research through a focus group of fifteen nurses from Ofra Delicias-Miramar primary healthcare centre in Santa Cruz de Tenerife (Spain), carried out in November 2019. Results: Four main categories are identified when delving into what mourning is: the physical space of mourning and death; meaning and context; mourning for deceased children and proposals for improvement. Conclusions: Nurses report not feeling prepared regarding grief and the process of dying. Training is scarce, and it is necessary to consider and reflect on how nurses carry out diagnoses and establish objectives and interventions for people at the end of life or in the mourning process.

Redirected walking (RDW) allows users to navigate a large virtual world in a small physical space. At this time, if the applied redirection is below the detection threshold, the human hardly notice. However, some papers reported that users perceived changes in curvature gain even when redirections smaller than the detection threshold were applied. This means that the change in curvature gain caused human perception. Therefore, in this paper, we identified a threshold for the change in curvature gain, which was found to be 3.06°/m. Further experiments using different variation methods for variations in curvature gain will follow.

The methods of mapping are by definition not established by or limited to an entirely objectifiable sentential logic. Instead, the perception of spatiality is the complex result of a plethora of external parameters and individual experiences. In many ways, finding a system of describing the concept of space corresponds to finding a suitable language. In the case of the physical space, mathematics is the language in which the relevant phenomena can be articulated. In our description of urban spaces, meanwhile, we define a taxonomy, a vocabulary of classifying terms, parameters and variables, categories and subcategories, and synonyms and antonyms, which set the stage for an analysis of the spatiality of the city. As a consequence, a hypothesis is formulated on the set of significant observables as well as for the architectural intervention.

Literary geography is one of the core aspects of the study of the novel, both in its realist and post-realist incarnations. Literary geography is not just about connecting place-names to locations on the map; literary geographers also explore how spaces interact in fictional worlds and the imaginary of physical space as seen through the lens of characters' perceptions. The tools of literary cartography and geographical analysis can be particularly useful in seeing how places relate to one another and how characters are associated with specific places. This Element explores the literary geographies of Balzac and Proust as exemplary of realist and post-realist traditions of place-making in novelistic spaces. The central concern of this Element is how literary cartography, or the mapping of place-names, can contribute to our understanding of place-making in the novel.

Today, most autonomous vehicles (AVs) rely on LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) perception to acquire accurate information about their immediate surroundings. In LiDAR-based perception systems, semantic segmentation plays a critical role as it can divide LiDAR point clouds into meaningful regions according to human perception and provide AVs with semantic understanding of the driving environments. However, an implicit assumption for existing semantic segmentation models is that they are performed in a reliable and secure environment, which may not be true in practice. In this paper, we investigate adversarial attacks against LiDAR semantic segmentation in autonomous driving. Specifically, we propose a novel adversarial attack framework based on which the attacker can easily fool LiDAR semantic segmentation by placing some simple objects (e.g., cardboard and road signs) at some locations in the physical space. We conduct extensive real-world experiments to evaluate the performance of our proposed attack framework. The experimental results show that our attack can achieve more than 90% success rate in real-world driving environments. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on physically realizable adversarial attacks against LiDAR point cloud semantic segmentation with real-world evaluations.

As an effective way to acquire accurate information about the driving environment, LiDAR perception has been widely adopted in autonomous driving. The state-of-the-art LiDAR perception systems mainly rely on deep neural networks (DNNs) to achieve good performance. However, DNNs have been demonstrated vulnerable to adversarial attacks. Although there are a few works that study adversarial attacks against LiDAR perception systems, these attacks have some limitations in feasibility, flexibility, and stealthiness when being performed in real-world scenarios. In this paper, we investigate an easier way to perform effective adversarial attacks with high flexibility and good stealthiness against LiDAR perception in autonomous driving. Specifically, we propose a novel attack framework based on which the attacker can identify a few adversarial locations in the physical space. By placing arbitrary objects with reflective surface around these locations, the attacker can easily fool the LiDAR perception systems. Extensive experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed attack, and the results show that our proposed attack can achieve more than 90% success rate. In addition, our real-world study demonstrates that the proposed attack can be easily performed using only two commercial drones. To the best of our knowledge, this paper presents the first study on the effect of adversarial locations on LiDAR perception models' behaviors, the first investigation on how to attack LiDAR perception systems using arbitrary objects with reflective surface, and the first attack against LiDAR perception systems using commercial drones in physical world. Potential defense strategies are also discussed to mitigate the proposed attacks.

Like other cells, fungal hyphae show exquisite sensitivity to their environment. This reactiveness is demonstrated at many levels, from changes in the form of the hypha resulting from alterations in patterns of exocytosis, to membrane excitation, and mechanisms of wound repair. Growing hyphae detect ridges on surfaces and respond to restrictions in their physical space. These are expressions of cellular consciousness. Fungal mycelia show decision-making and alter their developmental patterns in response to interactions with other organisms. Mycelia may even be capable of spatial recognition and learning coupled with a facility for short-term memory. Now is a fruitful time to recognize the study of fungal ethology as a distinctive discipline within mycology.

Structure shapes function. Understanding what is structurally special about the brain that allows it to generate consciousness remains a fundamental scientific challenge. Recently, advances in brain imaging techniques have made it possible to measure the structure of human brain, from the morphology of neurons and neuronal connections to the gross anatomy of brain regions, in-vivo and non-invasively. Using advanced brain imaging techniques, it was discovered that the structural diversity between neurons and the topology of neuronal connections, as opposed to the sheer number of neurons or neuronal connections, are key to consciousness. When the structural diversity is high and the connections follow a modular topology, neurons will become functionally differentiable and functionally integrable with one another. The high levels of differentiation and integration, in turn, enable the brain to produce the richest conscious experiences from the smallest number of neurons and neuronal connections. Consequently, across individuals, those with a smaller brain volume but a higher structural diversity tend to have richer conscious experiences than those with a larger brain volume but a lower structural diversity. Moreover, within individuals, a reduction in neuronal connections, if accompanied by an increase in structural diversity, will result in richer conscious experiences, and vice versa. These findings suggest that having a larger number of neurons and neuronal connections is not necessarily beneficial for consciousness; in contrast, an optimal brain architecture for consciousness is one where the richest conscious experiences are generated from the smallest number of neurons and neuronal connections, at the minimal cost of biological material, physical space, and metabolic energy.

The increased use of web-enabled smartphones in urban public life is an important driver for merging physical space with digital information. Smartphone users access this information via a new form of apps referred to as locative media. In media studies, two opposing hypotheses exist as to how the use of locative media will transform public places. On the one hand, scholars express euphoric expectations that locative media will create socially inclusive places by sensitizing users to their environment and bringing strangers into conversation. On the other hand, the opponents demur that by personalizing spatial perception locative media will reinforce exclusion and push the decline of public life. In light of our empirical findings from a case study in Berlin, both hypotheses would appear to be exaggerations. Instead, we plead for a more detailed analysis of different forms of using locative media, revealing inclusive as well as exclusive implications. We illustrate our approach by analyzing two apps for annotating urban places: Foursquare City Guide and Swarm.

In virtual reality (VR), Impossible Spaces allow rooms to overlap each other in physical space, enabling developers to better utilize the limited space available for VR systems. Prior work has explored detect thresholds for an impossible spaces, but little work has considered how impossible spaces affect users’ understandings of spatial relationships within virtual environments. We present a study evaluating how impossible spaces affected participants’ judgments of a room’s width, and how this was impacted by whether participants considered each room individually, or within the context of the entire space. Participants’ judgments of single rooms was not impacted by being in an impossible space, however judgments were significantly smaller when considering an impossible space as a whole. Even so, participants’ judgments preserved the respective ratio between overlapping rooms, indicating that the relative sizes of different rooms is preserved in impossible spaces. This suggests that while absolute spatial information may be disrupted by impossible spaces, important relative information can be preserved. However, it is not yet clear how much of this effect can be attributed to lower-level perception and higher-level cognition.

Little attention has been paid to health inequities designed into the physical spaces themselves. Clearly design is an important part of patient care. Design is simultaneously a complex system itself while existing as part of a larger complex (healthcare) system. For example, it is not enough to say that a patient experiences more stress because she/he is being treated in a hospital in a lower income area. The key, here, is that evidence demonstrates design as an important component, systemically, in healthcare. We know this to be true and base re-design efforts on this fact, but only in certain places. The central addition of this study is to point out that hospitals in higher income areas utilize the waiting room’s ecology and its influence on patient stress and care. Efforts to intervene, through design, in waiting room ecology have consequences to equitable access to healthcare. Therefore, this study examines the implications of health inequities designed-into physical space. Additionally, this study seeks to forefront the influence communication ecologies have in addressing health inequities. Innovations in addressing mental health needs in humanitarian settings: A complexity informed Action Research Case Study. Frontiers in Communication: Health Communication. 10.3389/fcomm.2020.601792 para 19, 2020). Thus, the purpose of this paper is to investigate, but also articulate, the ways design decisions impact people unequally and perpetuate health inequalities. To do so, this study investigates the communication ecologies of waiting rooms and their influence on patient stress and health equity and elucidates under-examined systemic components patient stress and well-being.

‘Chekhov’s English admirers’, D. S. Mirsky complained, think that everything is perfect in Chekhov. Chekhov is like the fictional Molotov a plebeian: the serf’s grandson who made a man of himself. Chekhov became a humanist in the tradition of Pushkin and Turgenev, like them valuing restraint, measure in all things; more concerned with perspective than hoping for any miracle of reformation. Chekhov began writing the humorous sketch for a public that never looked beyond journalism. Chekhov’s disengagement marks him off from his contemporaries and nearly all his successors. Chekhov never loses sight of the vast background to human incident: the sea watched by two lovers on a bench, the storm impervious to the hatreds of men, the steppe in its loneliness. He can achieve distance and relate: his impersonality rests on an awareness of physical space, and of the silence behind the discord.

The use of virtual reality (VR) to simulate confrontational human behaviour has significant potential for use in training, where the recreation of uncomfortable feelings may help users to prepare for challenging real-life situations. In this paper we present a user study (n=68) in which participants experienced simulated confrontational behaviour performed by a virtual character either in immersive VR, or on a 2D display. Participants reported a higher elevation in anxiety in VR, which correlated positively with a perceived sense of physical space. Character believability was influenced negatively by visual elements of the simulation, and positively by behavioural elements, which complements findings from previous work. We recommend the use of VR for simulations of confrontational behaviour, where a realistic emotional response is part of the intended experience. We also discuss incorporation of domain knowledge of human behaviours, and carefully crafted motion-captured sequences, to increase users’ sense of believability.

A Universidade de Brasília (UnB) possui na Seção de Obras Raras de sua Biblioteca Central (BCE) um raro manuscrito medieval que fala da vida de santos e santas da tradição cristã, conhecido como Flos Sanctorum. Este trabalho apresenta algumas possibilidades de análise desse texto, fruto da minha prática docente, ao propô-lo como fonte documental para compreender melhor a Idade Média. Ao tratar da vida de figuras exemplares do cristianismo, mais especificamente, de personagens femininas, como Benedita e Pelágia, é possível aprofundar sobre aspectos importantes relativos à representação do modelo cristão. Sobre Benedita, analisarei dois elementos narrativos centrais: a cela como espaço de proteção física feminina e o compromisso matrimonial. Quanto a Pelágia, apresentarei também dois exemplos: a mulher que goza de riqueza e liberdade e seu processo de purificação.

El presente artículo explora las dimensiones del tópico artístico de las casas por dentro en filmes contemporáneos –partiendo del referente fundamental, Rear Window (1954) de Alfred Hitchcock–, a saber: Kika (1993) de Pedro Almodóvar, Animals ferits (2006) de Ventura Pons, El hombre de al lado (2009) de Mariano Cohn & Gastón Duprat y Dans la maison (2012) de François Ozon. Estas visiones están dadas por los mismos protagonistas sobre la casa en dos variantes básicas: la casa propia y la casa del vecino. El estudio pretende una revisión interdisciplinaria y crítica de la arquitectura interior desde las dinámicas de la visión en una muestra de filmes contemporáneos a través de una focalización del acto visual de los personajes en torno a la casa. La aproximación a la casa se plantea en dos dimensiones básicas: como el territorio íntimo y el territorio ajeno que se mira –en un acto que necesariamente impone una distancia, una objetivación– porque suele mediar un deseo. Por tanto el trabajo articula y confronta conceptos operativos como intimidad, mironismo, falta y thalamós, entreotros, que interactúan entre sí. El resultado produce variaciones de percepción del entorno doméstico de los personajes en esta muestra representativa que parte de la casa como un lugar más allá del mero espacio físico.

With the advancement of digital technology in contemporary art, new hybrid forms of interaction emerge that invite viewers to make images present in physical space as events that claim a life of their own. In breaking away from representational and performance art theories that have dominated the critique of new media artwork since the 1980s, this article analyses an iconic vision of mobile touchscreens based on the medieval Byzantine chorographic inscription of the sacred in profane spaces. As defined in recent art historical studies on Byzantine icons, chorography ( chôra/space + chorós/movement) builds on a multisensory spatial interaction between the beholders of icons that results in feeling the presence of a divine, invisible image. In light of postmodern critique of digital images’ capacity to manipulate notions of reality, new media aesthetic theory hardly addresses this Byzantine iconic vision that is fundamental to western visual culture. Jeffrey Shaw’s installation, The Golden Calf, is discussed to offer an alternative in understanding how digital and physical spaces function together to evoke something essentially real.

En El Salvador, desde hace siete años, se ejecutan lineamientos y normativas para la atención a todas las formas de violencia. Objetivo. Identificar conocimientos, barreras y facilitadores del personal del área metropolitana de San Salvador que atiende víctimas de violencia para el cumplimiento de normativa y lineamiento vigente. Metodología. Diseño cualitativo de triangulación de datos recopilados en el área metropolitana de San Salvador, en las Unidades Comunitarias de Salud Familiar. Se aplicó una entrevista semiestructurada a 36 profesionales del Ministerio de Salud que atienden a personas violentadas. Resultados. El 69% del personal ha recibido capacitación en lineamientos y el 58% en normativa de atención a todas las formas de violencia. De 10 pasos para la atención se reconocen: consulta médica (94%), entrevista (92%), soporte emocional, intervención en crisis (89%), referencia, retorno e interconsulta (81%), evitar barreras culturales y religiosas (47%). El 39% del personal de salud identificó señales de alerta de violencia contra mujeres. El 56% no dio aviso por seguridad de la paciente. Barreras identificadas: capacitación y recursos materiales insuficientes, inadecuado espacio físico. Facilitadores identificados: capacitaciones, trabajo en equipo e idoneidad del personal. Conclusión. El conocimiento sobre lineamientos y normativas entre el recurso de salud, en general, es moderado. Principales factores para su ejecución son la presencia de personal capacitado y el trabajo en equipo. Las barreras son la falta capacitación en normativas, leyes y género, la falta de personal y saturación del trabajo, pocos recursos materiales para información y educación en prevención de violencia de género.

This qualitative study used in-depth interviews to examine the service experiences of 52 currently and formerly homeless people with mental health problems. Thematic analysis identified five themes associated with positive and negative service experiences: (1) accessibility of services, (2) humanity in approach to care, (3) perceptions and relationships with other service users, (4) physical space and environment, and (5) outcomes of service use. Overall, minimal differences were found between currently and formerly homeless people with mental health problems, suggesting that both groups have the same wants and needs related to service use, including to be treated fairly and without judgment, receive needed support and assistance, and feel good following their service experience. However, both groups also described encountering barriers to accessing programs and navigating service systems; using services where they felt judged, unsafe, or uncared for; and having unmet needs following service use.

Dan Efrony and Yuval Shany's article offers some critically important observations on the reception of the Tallinn Manual 2.0 by states, as well as subsequent state practice and opinio juris with regard to the international use of cyber operations. Based on their case studies, Efrony and Shany conclude that states have largely been reluctant to adopt fully the norms, premises, and analogies offered by the Tallinn Manual. The authors argue that there is a “deep uncertainty about the treatment of cyberspace as just another physical space, like land, air, or sea—over which states may exercise sovereignty or control.” The authors further explain that there is an “uneasy fit” between traditional international law regarding internal and external state power, and the regulation of a unterritorial cyberspace. In other words, cyberspace is a sui generis domain, such that analogies to physical-space domains are often ill-suited, and at times doomed to failure.

In an increasingly competitive market, companies have shown a constant interest in improving their processes. In this sense, the 5S program is a tool that addresses these issues of process quality, promoting organization of spaces, elimination of waste and optimization of time. In this perspective, this study proposes the implementation of the 5S program in a private elementary school in the city of Manaus-AM, in order to optimize the spaces to improve its use, to develop a sense of organization in school employees and to promote the efficiency of quality of services provided. This research was based on the qualitative approach and used the case study as a methodology. The tools used were the 5s Program, the Ishikawa tool, the Brainstorming and a questionnaire. The result showed that the 5s program can promote quality in the processes, optimization of the physical space of the school secretariat that was the scenario of application of the program and the personal development of the collaborators.

Longe de apresentar a validade do pensamento filosófico aplicado ao desenvolvimento do pensamento gramatical, pretendo aqui esboçar a apresentação de teoria que venho esforçando-me para construir e que se pauta por modo inescapavelmente filosófico de olhar para o objeto Língua. Proponho que esse objeto seja constituído, no conjunto de seu tecido lexical e morfossintático, por metáforas de cunho físico-espacial, por sua vez resultantes de procedimento mimético que a Língua, (sempre) em formação, tenha realizado e venha realizando sobre o espaço físico, desdobrando-se as metáforas ― como lhes é próprio ― em cadeias abstrativas. Postulo que a tradição filosófico-gramatical se tenha aproximado ― e apenas aproximado ― da possível verdade que aí venho pretendendo formular: essa tradição teria estado a um passo do que denomino semântica da estrutura, a um passo da forma.

Building a highly efficient environment for creative thinking has always been the core goal of a university’s environmental research. However, previous studies show that there remains a lack of a s...

The University of Central Florida Health Sciences Library is a digital library with 98% of resources being electronic and available online. Though almost all aspects of the library's operations were impacted by the closing of the physical space during the coronavirus pandemic, being a digital library helped the library team transition quickly to remote reference, programming and instruction services.

St Paul’s was not only a place for worship, but also a site of commercial exchange in which dramatic and non-dramatic publications were part of a textual and physical space for non-elite participation in political debate. This chapter focuses on Nathaniel Butter, who was one of the Churchyard’s most recognisable booksellers during the early seventeenth century, well known for publishing topical, newsworthy texts, but also commercial plays, including King Lear (1608). Rather than privileging, as previous studies have done, the play’s printer, Nicholas Okes, this chapter concentrates on Butter’s significant but overlooked role to explore why King Lear was published in 1608. It argues that Butter helped to construct the identity of St Austin’s Gate through his publications, which favour politically invested subjects with strong Protestant sympathies, and, in turn, that he was influenced by his surroundings—particularly the neighbouring bookshop of Matthew Law at the Sign of the Fox.

This work analyzes the possibilities of interaction between the built environment and its users, focused on the responsiveness of the first to the emotions of the latter. Transforming the built environment according to the mood, feelings, and emotions of users, moment by moment, is discussed and analyzed. The main goal of this research is to define a responsive model by which the built environment can respond in a personalized way to the users’ emotions. For such, computational technical issues, building construction elements and users’ interaction are identified and analyzed. Case studies where occurs an interaction between the physical space and users are presented. We define a model for an architecture that is responsive to the user’s emotions assuming the individual at one end and the space at the other. The interaction between both ends takes place according to intermediate steps: the collection of data, the recognition of emotion, and the execution of the action that responds to the detected emotion. As this work focuses on an innovative and disruptive aspect of the built environment, the recognition of the new difficulties and related ethical issues are discussed. info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion

Basing his analysis on the dynamic tension between history and monuments, Ngara’s chapter argues that acts of covering up result in ironic renderings of the post-apartheid urban palimpsest in selected stories by Ivan Vladislavic. The present-absent nature of historical monuments instantiates democratic procedures and serves as a subtle and ambiguous reminder of the fluidity between an age past, and one ushered in in post-1994 South Africa. Ngara examines how the palimpsestic effect is achieved in the overwriting of different histories onto physical space, histories that are contesting but inextricably interwoven in palimpsestuous fashion. He deploys the logic of the palimpsest to evaluate how one contesting history (the hypertext) can be directly written over another, without completely eliding the older, underlying version (the hypotext).

Shifting from the institutional logics of the asylum, the second chapter considers how we structure and culturally conceive of ‘hallucination’. This chapter will analyse Ridiculusmus’ The Eradication of Schizophrenia in Western Lapland, Caryl Churchill’s The Skriker and debbie tucker green’s nut. Distinguishing ‘hallucination’ from the phenomena of hearing voices and seeing visions, I suggest it is a cultural logic of madness, imagining mad experience as a private space sundered from communal ‘reality’. In doing do, we exoticize madness whilst simultaneously rendering it knowable. From this, I argue that hallucination follows a spatial logic that requires interrogation, an insistence of mad experience as a private space sundered from communal ‘reality’. The chapter looks at how theatre can destabilize our calcified architectures of hallucination, whether through the manipulation of physical space to alter audience perception, fostering ambiguity in identifying who ‘hallucinates’, or adopting and subsequently imploding traditional spatial structure of genre.