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In comparison to the natural sciences, there is a lack of empirically grounded social scientific research which addresses how people arrive at forming pleasurable interpretations of physical activity participation. Both social and natural conceptualisations of the bodily sensations evoked via physical activity involvement have also been restricted to pain and pleasure and pleasure-displeasure dualisms. Nevertheless, there is general agreement across these disciplines that pleasurable interpretations of physical activity participation encourage regular and sustained future involvement. We draw on carnal sociology to explain life history interview data from 30 varied physical activity careers to argue that corporeal experiences of being physically active are more ambiguous than existing pleasure-pain dualisms suggest. Furthermore, interpreting these ambiguous corporeal senses as pleasurable was of central importance to sustaining a prolonged physical activity career, which we argue is a carnal skill that can be learned. This skill, possessed by those interviewees with the most prolonged physical activity careers, had been acquired through becoming accustomed to the unique situated sensual ambiguities of particular physical activities, as a type of existential connoisseurship. Future research might pay more attention to the ambiguity of physical activity involvement, the carnal interpretation of which carries important consequences for the likelihood of long-term participation.

A close partnership between people and partially autonomous machines has enabled decades of space exploration. But to further expand our horizons, our systems must become more capable. Increasing the nature and degree of autonomy - allowing our systems to make and act on their own decisions as directed by mission teams - enables new science capabilities and enhances science return. The 2011 Planetary Science Decadal Survey (PSDS) and on-going pre-Decadal mission studies have identified increased autonomy as a core technology required for future missions. However, even as scientific discovery has necessitated the development of autonomous systems and past flight demonstrations have been successful, institutional barriers have limited its maturation and infusion on existing planetary missions. Consequently, the authors and endorsers of this paper recommend that new programmatic pathways be developed to infuse autonomy, infrastructure for support autonomous systems be invested in, new practices be adopted, and the cost-saving value of autonomy for operations be studied., 10 pages (compared to 8 submitted to PSADS), 2 figures, submitted to National Academy of Sciences Planetary Science and Astrobiology Decadal Survey 2023-2032

In a 2011 Anecdote department article in the Annals, Alex McKenzie provided an excellent account of the events between 1974 and 1976 leading up to INWG 96, a proposed internetwork transport protocol. McKenzie's anecdote focused on the events in INWG (International Network Working Group), which this article shows were a small part of a much larger debate that was going on outside. The author places the INWG discussions in this wider context to better understand the technical points and implications, their ultimate impact, and the paradigm shift that threatened established business models.

Large-scale and complex emergencies often occur in countries where government institutions have weak coping capacity. They may struggle to deliver essential services routinely, even in non-emergency situations. This has serious implications for the way in which emergency water, sanitation and hygiene services are managed long-term and in the transition from emergency to post-emergency situations. UNHCR and Oxfam commissioned a study to understand more about how emergency WASH (Water, Sanitation and Hygiene) services are delivered, and to identify how the provision of infrastructure can lead to sustainable service delivery and a more professional management mechanism. As many humanitarian crises are protracted in nature, emergency WASH services need to be sustained once humanitarian agencies depart. This report aims to review and identify alternative service delivery options, and to provide some pragmatic guidance that can be incorporated into emergency response programmes and tested, evaluated and built on in the future.

What a pleasant task to have reviewing this gem of a book! Every page contains a new treat for the eyes and the mind. But first, what is this wonderful treat? In 2015 a symposium was held at the Ma...

South Africa is currently dealing with massive unemployment, where the broadly defined unemployment is at 36% (p. 9). Naturally, this is of grave concern for the government, civil society and the e...

Students must learn to accentuate the positive in order to eliminate the negative perceptions of career opportunities in IS.

This study examines the impact of affiliation motivation on the intention to use a groupware system. Building on attachment theory, one personality attribute, affiliation motivation, was incorporated into the Technology Acceptance Model to explore groupware use. A study using a group of MBA students that were just beginning to use groupware was conducted to determine if affiliation motivation influences perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and intention to use. The results indicated that affiliation motivation was significantly associated with behavioral intention and perceived ease of use when use was voluntary. Implications for instructors who are using or planning to use groupware in their classes are discussed.

Making the transition from humanitarian emergency programming to long-term development is not easy. The challenge for WASH practitioners in Sierra Leone is to ensure basic services can be delivered efficiently, sustainably, and ‘at scale’. Between December 2011 and April 2012 the Ministry of Energy and Water Resources (MEWR) mapped more than 28,000 water points. The mapping survey revealed that more than a third of water points constructed are non-functioning and 40 per cent function only on a seasonal basis. The three challenges now for government are to ensure visually mapped data can be kept updated, fund gaps in coverage, and deliver sustainable services before a second water-point mapping survey in 2014.

Information technologies that support groups of individuals have become increasingly visible. While some of these, such as electronic mail, have become almost ubiquitous in many organizations, other groupware applications have not enjoyed similar acceptance. This study uses diffusion of innovation theory to investigate factors that may influence intentions to use a specific groupware application, Lotus Domino discussion databases. Findings indicate that perceptions of relative advantage, complexity, compatibility and result demonstrability are significantly related to intentions to use Domino discussion databases. There was not a significant relationship between intentions to use and perceived trialability, visibility, or voluntariness. Those interested in increasing the use of groupware technologies may find these results helpful in guiding their efforts.

Recently, Alex McKenzie published an anecdote in the IEEE Annals of the History of Computing on the creation of INWG 96, a proposal by IFIP WG6.1 for an international transport protocol. McKenzie concentrates on the differences between the proposals that lead to INWG 96. However, it is the similarities that are much more interesting. This has lead to some rather surprising insights into not only the subsequent course of events, but also the origins of many current problems, and where the solutions must be found. The results are more than a little surprising.

This chapter examines the case for understanding the story of Cain in Gen 4 as being an aetiology of the tribe of the Kenites. The tribal name Seth is identical in spelling to the figure of Seth in Gen 4, but this has been concealed in English Bibles, which inconsistently follow the Greek spelling Seth in Gen. 4 but the Hebrew spelling Sheth in Num 24. It is clear from Num 24:17 that the "sons of Seth" are to be located in the area of Moab, and so a bit further north than the Kenites. In conclusion, a strong case can be made for assuming that the figure of Cain is to be regarded as the eponymous ancestor of the tribe of the Kenites, and that this is true as much of the final form of the text of Genesis as it is of the original story lying behind it. Keywords: Cain; English Bibles; Kenites; Seth

This chapter argues that there are a number of implicit references to the Ark in the Psalms, in addition to the one explicit reference in Psalm 132:8. Amongst other things, these allusions support the view that there was indeed a ritual procession with the Ark in the pre-exilic Jerusalem cult at the feast of Tabernacles, as some scholars have previously argued but which others have questioned. The divine presence associated with the Ark is sometimes spoken of as Yahweh's 'strength', 'splendour' or 'glory', and the Ark is also referred to as Yahweh's 'footstool'. It was the cherubim above the Ark which constituted Yahweh's throne proper, but references in the Psalms to the psalmist seeking shelter in the shadow of Yahweh's wings do not allude to the cherubim but rather envisage the deity metaphorically as a protective bird.Keywords: Ark; cherubim; Jerusalem; Psalms; ritual procession; Tabernacles; Yahweh's wings

Information technologies that support groups of individuals have become increasingly visible. While some of these, such as electronic mail, have become almost ubiquitous in many organizations, other groupware applications have not enjoyed similar acceptance. This study uses diffusion of innovation theory to investigate factors that may influence intentions to use a specific groupware application, Lotus Domino discussion databases. Findings indicate that intentions to use Domino discussion databases are impacted by perceptions of relative advantage, complexity, compatibility and result demonstrability. There was not a significant relationship between intentions to use and perceived trialability, visibility or voluntariness. Suggestions for positively impacting important perceptions are also offered. Those interested in increasing the use of groupware technologies may find these suggestions helpful in guiding their efforts.

This chapter demonstrates an example of inner scriptural interpretation, namely the dependence of Isaiah 26:13-27:11 on Hosea 13:4-14:10. It discusses eight parallels and justifies author's correlation of the respective passages. In view of the sequence of eight parallels between Isa 26: 13-27: 11 and Hos 13:4-14:10 that has been detected, it may be argued that the two passages are definitely related in some way, and probably the Isaianic passage is directly dependent on that in Hosea. On the basis of the Hosea parallels, it may be regarded as proved that at least a large part of Isa 26:13-27:11 must be regarded as a unity. It may be argued that the fact the "Isaiah apocalypse" has been shown to manifest such a marked dependence on Hosea rules out any suggestion that the origins of Isaiah 24-27 should be specifically sought in a distinctive Isaianic school. Keywords: Hosea parallels; inner scriptural interpretation; Isaiah apocalypse; Isaianic school; passage dependence

Introduction John Day, Robert P. Gordon, and H. G. M. Williamson Part I. The Ancient Near Eastern Setting: 1. Egyptian wisdom literature J. D. Ray 2. Some new Babylonian wisdom literature W. G. Lambert 3. The wisdom of Ahiqar Jonas C. Greenfield Part II. Old Testament and Apocryphal Texts: 4. Foreign semitic influence on the wisdom of Israel and its appropriation in the book of Proverbs John Day 5. The limits of theodicy as a theme of the book of Job E. W. Nicholson 6. Qoheleth Otto Kaiser 7. A house divided: wisdom in Old Testament narrative traditions Robert P. Gordon 8. Wisdom in Solomonic historiography Andre Lemaire 9. Amos and wisdom J. A. Soggin 10. Hosea and the wisdom tradition: dependence and independence A. A. Macintosh 11. Isaiah and the wise H. G. M. Williamson 12. Jeremiah and the wise William McKane 13. The wisdom psalms R. N. Whybray 14. Wisdom and Daniel B. A. Mastin 15. Ecclesiasticus: a tract for the times John G. Snaith 16. The Christian use and the Jewish origins of the Wisdom of Solomon William Horbury 17. Were there schools in ancient Israel? G. I. Davies 18. The trees, the beasts and the birds: fables, parables and allegories in the Old Testament Kevin J. Cathcart 19. The personification of Wisdom Roland E. Murphy 20. Wisdom and the goddess Judith M. Hadley 21. Wisdom at Qumran A. S. van der Woude 22. The interpretation of wisdom in nineteenth-century scholarship Rudopf Smend 23. Wisdom and Old Testament theology R. E. Clements Biographical note: John Adney Emerton Bibliography of the works of John Adney Emerton Karen K. Miticich Indexes.

REGARDING the malignant possibilities of gastric ulcer, opinion is diverse and discussion is rife. Some are of the feeling that the cancer-ulcer relationship has been overstressed and place little credence in it; they are inclined to consider an ulcer of the stomach almost as innocuous, from a malignant standpoint, as one in the duodenum, and so entitled to the same conservative therapeutic measures (1). Others feel that the causal relation of ulcer to cancer in the stomach has not been stressed sufficiently (2), and do not view with equanimity the presence of an intragastric ulceration; they regard it as suspicious of malignant potentialities until proven innocent thereof (3). They, therefore, urge surgical intervention. “Does carcinoma develop in chronic gastric ulcer?” This question, MacCarty says (4), cannot be definitely answered because there are no positive or negative facts regarding development visible in the study of simple or carcinomatous gastric ulcers. No one has yet, experimentally, produce...

The convening of the constitutional conference on Southern Rhodesia early in 1961 was the summit of the African nationalists' achievement, from which they subsequently declined. The conference took place less than four years after the formation of the first modern nationalist party in the territory and only two years after the Government had banned it and arrested its leaders. The second nationalist party secured, a year after its inauguration and in the face of implacable hostility from the Government, the first of its major immediate aims, this constitutional conference, which its representatives attended with status equal to that of representatives from the government party. The nationalists had the opportunity at the conference to help modify the political system, in existence since 1923, from which Africans had been almost wholly excluded.

We studied 20 transitional cell tumors of the bladder and 25 adenocarcinomas of the kidney in vitro to determine their chemotherapeutic sensitivity. The different sensitivity patterns among the individual tumors were demonstrated. Identical drug sensitivity patterns could be identified in the primary and metastatic sites, and in tumor tissue removed from the primary and metastatic deposits in the same patient. Human renal adenocarcinoma maintained in the athymic mouse demonstrated identical chemotherapeutic sensitivity patterns in vitro and in vivo. Our data would support that these in vitro chemotherapy studies may assist in the selection of agents to use in human tumorbearing hosts.

The "crisis of feudalism" and price movements in the late Middle Ages John Day In a critique of the neo-Marxist model of late medieval economic developments proposed by Guy Bois in his study of Normandy in the 14th-16th centuries, it is argued that price movements were determined by climatic, demographic and monetary factors : short- term fluctuations reflected, as a rule, monetary "mutations" and the state of the harvests : the rise in wage rates was primarily a response to the labor shortage and not the result of a hypothetical increase in productivity ; finally, the long price deflation of the late Middle Ages was due to a severe contraction of bullion stocks rather than a century of farm surplusses, Day John. « Crise du féodalisme » et conjoncture des prix à la fin du Moyen Âge. In: Annales. Économies, Sociétés, Civilisations. 34ᵉ année, N. 2, 1979. pp. 305-318.