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This work analyzes Foucault's contribution to the development of geographic thinking through emphasis on its interpretation of space and elements of its epistemology. To understand this, it will start from two directions, from the geographer's interest in Foucault's geography, as well as his reference works for this discipline. These disciplinary issues are best marked by his notions of geoepistemology and spatial turn in social and humanities, which are important because two issues we will address in this work. First, it refers to more precise definitions of the boundaries of modern, for which there is a consensus among geographers and is related to the establishment of scientific geography (Humboldt and Ritter), but the end of this epoch is interpreted differently. Some geographers link this to: identifying three key principles for the construction of postmodernism, which are: style, epoch and method (Dear, 1988); an increased attack on history in modern thought (Soja, 1989); infuriatingly difficult to define (Cloke et al., 1991) or with the emergence of neoliberalism (Peet, 1998). Another issue concerns the possibility of applying post-structural methods to deconstruct major cultural and geographical changes in the Western Balkans at the end of the 20th century. This will be achieved through indications of genealogical analysis in the interpretation of contemporary historical-geographical and political-geographical issues in the example of Sarajevo (1992-1995).

Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) today shows marked inefficiency, which in economic terms is seen as an example of extremely unfavourable macroeconomic indicators. It is the most visible in the domain of the unemployment rate according to which this is the first country in Europe. This economic reality is particularly reflected in the elements of the spatial structure (population and settlements) and which flows into the overall social relations that are recognized as non-perspective countries / regions. This is one of the reasons why BiH is the first country in the world by the percentage of inhabitants who do not live in the country where they were born. The complexity of relations in BiH reflects the complexity of regional identities, which are recognized as the formula 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 (one state + two entities + three nations + four different religions). In addition to religious diversity, regional identities are characterized by physiognomic, cultural, economic and legal specificities of the existing two entities, which can be better reconciled and harmonized through a more efficient regional policy.