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The entire world has been suffering from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic since March 11, 2020. More than a year later, the COVID‐19 vaccination brought hope to control this viral pandemic. Here, we review the unknowns of the COVID‐19 vaccination, such as its longevity, asymptomatic spread, long‐term side effects, and its efficacy on immunocompromised patients. In addition, we discuss challenges associated with the COVID‐19 vaccination, such as the global access and distribution of vaccine doses, adherence to hygiene guidelines after vaccination, the emergence of novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) variants, and vaccine resistance. Despite all these challenges and the fact that the end of the COVID‐19 pandemic is still unclear, vaccines have brought great hope for the world, with several reports indicating a significant decline in the risk of COVID19‐related infection and hospitalizations., peer-reviewed

Finding mechanisms to promote prosocial spending behavior is fundamental to the well-being of our societies and is more urgent than ever in a time of key global challenges, including social and economic inequalities. Tax payment and charitable giving can be seen as two complementary ways to financially provide for the common good and, like many other social dilemmas, they both involve a conflict between what is good for oneself and what is good for others. The aim of the present article is to perform a comparative analysis of the main determinants of tax behavior and charitable giving to identify some common antecedents to gain insight to promote pro-social financial decisions at large. Despite the intrinsic differences, several commonalities were found, thus suggesting a transcending common core. By identifying well-established literature and under-investigated areas, a new research agenda is formulated.

This article addresses two great global challenges of the 2020s. On one hand, the accelerating climate crisis and, on the other, the deepening crisis of representation within liberal democracies. As temperatures and water levels rise, rates of popular confidence in existing democratic institutions decline. So, what is to be done? This article discusses whether sortition – the ancient Greek practice of selecting individuals for political office through lottery – could serve to mitigate both crises simultaneously. Since the 2000s, sortition has attracted growing interest among activists and academics. Recently it has been identified in countries like the UK and France as a mechanism for producing legitimate political answers to the climate challenge. However, few theoretical reflections on the potentials and perils of sortition-based climate governance have yet emerged. This article contributes to filling the gap. Based on a critique of the first successful case of sortition used to enhance national environmental policy – in Ireland in 2017–18 – we argue that sortition-based deliberation could indeed speed up meaningful climate action whilst improving the health of democratic systems. However, this positive outcome is not preordained. Success depends not only on green social movements getting behind climate sortition but also on developing flexible, context-specific designs that identify adequate solutions to a number of problems, including those of power (providing citizens’ assemblies with clear agenda-setting prerogatives beyond non-binding consultation); expertise (allowing assembly participants to influence which stakeholders and experts to solicit inputs from); and participation (engaging wider parts of the citizenry in the deliberative process).

In light of the global challenges to preserve the environment in its comprehensive concept and the recognition of the whole world of the importance of linking economic development and sustainability, the designer warns that he must meet current needs without compromising the ability of future generations. In addition, play a pivotal role in building the culture of generations. The designer must pay attention and monitor the changes of civilization to link cultural heritage and modernity at all levels. This paper aims to analyze the methods and concept of environmental design as a gateway to the principle of sustainability, as well as to devise new environmental solutions to improve performance and visual vision reflected from eco-design methods emanating from our civilization in the Egyptian cultural centers.

The energy and its entire related infrastructure are the main drivers for a economic development and for ensuring a good level of employment. As part of a global study about international energy sector, we evaluate here the impact of technological changes on the state of the energy infrastructure. This study includes a detailed analysis of the global challenges facing the energy industry. We propose scenarios for the development of a modernized energy infrastructure with an assessment of the entire energy system. Our evaluation indicators are chosen in terms of the reliability of the energy infrastructure, of its quality, of the accidents that may happen and of the consequent environmental risks. This study is particularly adapted for forecasting the necessary measures (of technical nature, of governance kind) that have to be implemented to reduce the acceleration of the infrastructure deterioration rate. Our results reveal that the use of digital and information technologies has many positive impacts on the development and on the control of an efficient consumption of energy. In addition, our predictions, due to the further modernization of the energy sector, can contribute and help in the creation of preconditions that will be highly stimulating and profitable to the growth of investments in the energy infrastructure.

The COVID-19 pandemic has drastically altered every aspect of the global economy and has presented HR leaders with the most pressing demand of balancing the interest of employees and their respective organizations. It has also played the role of a catalyst by expediting the adoption of technology at an unprecedented pace and scale. Organizations world over have turned to technology for finding innovative solutions to some of these global challenges. In this reflective paper we have discussed some fundamental implications arising from the impact of COVID-19 on various HRM functions, how technology is playing an enabling and facilitating role for HRM, insightful predictions based on how organizations are responding and finally, also the way forward for HRM in the post COVID-19 world. We have specifically emphasized on the various digital innovations such as AI, machine learning, cloud computing, IoT etc. that are being harnessed to aid the HRM function. A brief discussion on how the market for HRM technology products is evolving, is also incorporated for wider contextual understanding. This paper will also present a summary of some of the best HRM practices adopted by the HR departments of leading global organizations. With a comprehensive analysis of these innovative technologies and creative HR ideas, we have presented a holistic picture of how HRM is evolving during COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by unrelenting pruritus and recurrent eczematous lesions. It affects up to 15% of children and adolescents and up to 5% of adults, and confers a high and multifactorial burden to patients, families and society. With increasing awareness of this substantial burden, AD has become a priority for healthcare systems. AIM The Atopic Dermatitis Quality of Care (ADQoC) initiative set out to describe good practices for addressing the challenges that impede the management of AD. METHODS The initiative carried out a literature review and surveyed 32 expert care centres, catalogued findings, and analysed and elucidated global challenges to AD care along with good practice implementations that can address them. RESULTS The four challenges to quality care for AD are: (i) misconceptions about AD; (ii) delayed referral and access to AD specialists; (iii) poor patient access to AD treatments and poor adherence to medications; and (iv) managing the complexity of AD and its comorbidities. The initiative highlighted 5 of 10 good practice implementations as high priority for any AD care centre to focus on: (i) clinical assessment and diagnosis; (ii) a structured multidisciplinary care team; (iii) monitoring and evaluating care quality; (iv) patient education and communication; and (v) collaboration and exchange with patient groups. CONCLUSION These implementations can provide benefits for patients, healthcare providers and the healthcare system. They directly contribute to the efficacy of treatment, improved healthcare provider efficiency, improved education for patients and healthcare providers, and improved costs to healthcare systems. The initiative was launched on https://atopicdermatitiscare.kpmg.co.uk/ to provide an easy-to-use educational platform.

The transcultural artistic strategies formulated in the Fluxus network during the 1960s, spanning Europe, East Asia, and the USA, are an important reference when searching for ways how to write art history in a global way. These strategies challenged national framings of art informed by the Eurocentric legacy of modernism. In this paper, I focus on Nam June Paik’s (self)positioning in negotiation with the taxonomic mechanisms of the Guggenheim Museum New York in 1994. I will analyze the conditions and limits of his cultural mediation. The first part of my chapter shows how Paik drew a fine-grained picture of Japanese experimental art as a Korean who had studied in Tokyo during the 1950s and then re-visited in the 1960s. In his version, Paik employs transcultural discursive strategies directed towards rewriting art history in ways that take account of multiple agencies and cultural entanglements. The second part of my study analyzes the resulting institutional conflict between Paik and Guggenheim’s Japanese survey show, Scream against the sky, to which he contributed an essay but declined to participate with his work. This paper articulates the transcultural (counter-) potential of artists who work(ed) across borders, especially at moments when Western canonization was a double-edged sword.

Drawing on the IR theories of norm translation and strategic narratives, this article focuses on how states translate international norms to their own advantage by producing strategic narratives to advance their soft power ambitions abroad. Using the example of feminist foreign policy (FFP), the article compares Sweden, Canada, France, and Mexico in their attempts to translate international feminist norms into their countries’ strategic narratives. This comparison is based on three strategic narrative types (issue, national, and international system narratives) and two types of feminism (liberal, intersectional). Issue narratives reveal that Sweden and Mexico give more priority to social policies, while France and Canada emphasise the role of the market in addressing gender inequality. International system narratives demonstrate that Sweden and Mexico perceive global challenges as drivers of gender inequality, while France and Canada see gender inequality as a cause of global problems. National narratives show that Sweden and Mexico refer to other FFP countries to ‘back up’ their feminist initiatives, while France and Canada do not relate to other states. Finally, while liberal feminism dominates all four FFPs, each state either prioritises particular aspects of it (legal, market, security, rights-based) or incorporates elements from intersectional feminism.

The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) seek to address some of the most critical contemporary global challenges in a 17-goal agenda, including poverty, inequality, global environme...

The essential break in the connection between a human and nature, crisis situations and terrible cataclysms, loneliness, awareness of fragility of one's own being, which an individual face in his everyday life, actualize the rethinking of a human's place in the world. Consequently, the interpretation of our planet as a universal living system that maintains balance and independently regulates processes, designed to provide the most optimal living conditions for all species, is gaining considerable popularity today. In addition to analyzing this issue, the purpose of the article is also to consider the processes of changing the human's consumerist attitude to nature. In the paper, the author uses a comparative-critical method, which made it possible to compare various approaches to the interpretation of Gaia and the processes that occur on our planet. The methodological basis of the article also includes general scientific methods, which allowed making an assumption that Gaia, controlling not only biological, but also mental processes, is able to spread certain ideas among living beings. In general, the article analyzes the sphere of the cultural industry, in which we are able to find artistic reflections of environmentally oriented sentiments and theories, aimed at interpreting the planet as a living organism. The results of scientific research that argue for the presence of consciousness and communication methods in living organisms (and not only human ones) are considered. In this context presented the analysis of the research, according to which a person cannot be recognized as an individual, closed, absolutely complete system. Instead, arguments are outlined in favor of defining human as a holobiont – a system of diverse organisms that constantly interact with each other.

Global challenges such as the COVID-19 pandemic or the impending climate change require each and every one of us to perform long-term self-restrictive behaviours, implying personal costs, for the sake of vulnerable others and future generations. We argue that empathy–conceptualised as other-oriented moral emotional process–can impact how we think, feel and act towards others in times of such disruptive global developments. Our research highlights how and under which circumstances empathy fosters solidarity with others in need. We review our findings which corroborate empathy’s potential in directly changing health-relevant behaviour (such as hand hygiene behaviour or adherence to COVID-19 pre-emptive measures) and as well as pro-environmental actions, which serve to protect others’ well-being through self-discipline and self-restriction. Furthermore, we also review and discuss research which indicates potential boundary conditions of empathy-induced prosocial responses to the plight of vulnerable individuals.

The implementation of strategic planning of territorial communities development is investigated, directions of its improvement in Ukraine are defined, which include: updating the regulatory framework for the implementation of strategic planning for the development of territorial communities; organization of a clear system of interaction between state authorities and local self-government bodies on the implementation of strategic planning for the development of territorial communities; involvement in the development and implementation of strategies of trained specialists who should know the functions, processes, principles and methods of strategic planning of the development of territorial communities, be able to carry out strategic planning, solve modern problems of development of territorial communities in Ukraine. It is necessary to prepare, retrain and improve the qualifications of commissioners for strategic planning of the development of territorial communities in Ukraine in order to improve the quality of preparation of effective management decisions in the process of strategic planning, study and use of Ukrainian and foreign experience in determining the goals, strategic priorities and specific measures for their implementation in the preparation of strategies for the development of territorial communities, and on monitoring, evaluating the effectiveness and effectiveness of their implementation. Review and analysis of the best practices of strategic planning for the development of territorial communities will contribute to ensuring the quality of preparation of management decisions, strengthening their role in the process of strategic planning, making various effective management decisions in local self-government bodies in the process of strategic planning. In the context of global challenges, further improvement of the mechanisms of strategic planning for the development of territorial communities in Ukraine, which requires new scientific research, is necessary.

Uncertainty, unfolding in the most extreme forms in the period of one of the greatest global challenges– a threat to the health and wellbeing of people, caused by the pandemic, is gaining a form difficult to conceive in temporal and conceptual terms. In the perception of students, the young people on the brink of the first employment, the uncertainty primarily reflects in the estimate of possibilities of finding a job and opportunities to construct a professional identity. This paper examines the potential role of personal branding in the improvement of student opportunities to find the desired job, as well as the importance of higher education institutions as strategic partners in the process. This paper, among others, also emphasizes the importance of empowering students towards the recognition of the role of their knowledge and competencies acquired during the studies; the role which does not correspond to banal, oversimplified reduction of the role of education as means to meet the labour market needs.

Rheumatic diseases reach across continents with some similarities as well as unique challenges. The intersection between genetic factors, environmental exposures and socioeconomic factors, as well as challenges, with delays in access to subspecialty care and medications, manifest in different ways. By understanding both the challenges and successes in different countries, while also recognizing the significant diversity both within and across continents, unified strategies to improve rheumatic disease outcomes and decrease disparities among the most vulnerable groups can be developed and disseminated.

The article analyzes the directions of global challenges and factors of political turbulence, expressed in a cascade of new extraordinary political events, which together pose a threat to the national security of the state. The reaction of the state to these phantoms leading to political, economic, social and spiritual collapse is of global importance in these conditions. Based on the analysis of political, economic, social and spiritual programs for the development of state security, the author identifies the main approaches to the application of various scientific categories, both the security belt and the national security strategy, which are used in political science as a complex scientific category. doi.org/10.52536/KS/vol_97_issue_1_A5

In this era of a world pandemic, when global problems call for joint efforts across cultures and countries, establishing a community concerned with human destiny on the basis of a common moral identity is an urgent matter. The moral identity of our species refers to the fundamental moral values that are generally recognized by all humans as a species, starting from our biological origins and developing ethical contents throughout the long history of evolution. The construction of our moral identity as a species helps strengthen ties and cooperation between countries. This study shall consider the intercultural premises for defining a moral identity as a species in the context of the current pandemic as a common experience of humans, regardless of their culture. It also advocates for strengthening cultural inclusion to approach a more practical goal, namely practicing the species’ moral identity and confronting a common human destiny under global challenges. In conclusion, the authors call for establishing specific discourses and strategies to improve intercultural respect and reciprocal recognition of our common moral identity.

Plants have been used as the main source of phytochemicals with nutritional, medicinal, cultural and cosmetic applications since times immemorial. Nowadays, achieving sustainable development, global climate change, restricted access to fresh water, limited food supply and growing energy demands are among the critical global challenges faced by humanity. Plant cell culture technology has the potential to address some of these challenges by providing effective tools for sustainable supply of phyto‐ingredients with reduced energy, carbon and water footprints. The main aim of this review is to discuss the recent trends in the development of plant cell culture technologies for production of plant‐derived substances with application in food products and cosmetic formulations. The specific technological steps and requirements for the final products are discussed in the light of the advances in cultivation technologies used for growing differentiated and undifferentiated plant in vitro systems. Future prospects and existing challenges of the commercialization of plant cell culture‐derived products have been outlined through the prism of the authors’ point of view. We expect this review will encourage scientists, policymakers and business enterprises to join efforts for speeding‐up the mass commercialization and popularization of plant cell culture technology as an eco‐friendly alternative method for sustainable production of plant‐derived additives with application in food and cosmetic products.

Warsaw Science Diplomacy School 2020 was the 1st edition of summer school held together by the European Academy of Diplomacy, based in Poland, and the European Union led programme Inventing a shared Science Diplomacy for Europe (InsSciDE). The week-long venue took place online, due to the coronavirus pandemic, between 22-26 June 2020. Class of 2020 consisted of 28 participants from 6 continents, 10 European Union member states and 27 countries in total, where vast majority possessed different nationality and country of residence. Also, the mentors and instructors of the school came from over 13 institutions gathered in the InsSciDe consortium. Participants were divided into 4 teams where they were discussing study cases of how European science diplomacy applies to global challenges. The chosen challenges were the following: Natural resources as public goods for global health; A Matter of Global Epidemic Diplomacy; Scientists in diplomacy during the Scramble for Africa; and A co-production of science and diplomacy in the Law of the Sea.

Ecosystem services are essential for the health of current and future generations and key to the sustainable development of our societies. The role of insects in providing ecosystem services has been increasingly recognized, becoming the focus of several management and conservation initiatives world‐wide. However, ecosystem services framework traditionally overlooks the full range of services that can be provided by insects, largely because services provided by life stages other than the insect adult are often neglected. In this paper, I first review the traditional ecosystem services primarily attributed to insects, namely edible insects and mass‐rearing for biological control. Next, I provide a collection of unconventional ecosystem services provided by insect larvae which highlights the importance of considering life stage‐specific services in a holistic view of the ecosystem services framework. In particular, I discuss recent advances that revealed how insect larvae can degrade plastic, which is one of humanity's greatest environmental pollutants, and how larvae can be used to produce biofuel to help overcome the increasing contribution of the fossil fuel industry to climate change. I then discuss how toxic compounds produced by the larvae of some insects provide potential new medicines for clinical treatment and lastly, I discuss a unique example of how the larval stage of insects is entrenched into the cultural values of Aboriginal communities in Australia. In conclusion, by acknowledging life stage‐specific ecosystem services provided by insects, this paper raises awareness of unconventional services that can underpin innovative solutions to contemporary global challenges, which can ultimately help create more sustainable and culturally diverse societies.

This article explores future job creation needs under conditions of demographic, economic and technological change. The authors first estimate the implications for job creation during 2020–30 of population growth, changes in labour force participation and the achievement of target unemployment rates, by age and sex. Second, they analyse the job creation needs by country income group and, lastly, examine the effects of accelerated automation. Projections indicate that shifting demographics will account for a far greater share of the estimated global need for 340 million jobs over 2020–30 than automation.

Esta crisis pone en evidencia las carencias de una educación ajena a la realidad global en la que vivimos. Proponemos la promoción de una ciudadanía activa y comprometida, que sea capaz de vivir su vida de forma interconectada en escenarios locales y globales más justos y solidarios. La educación para la ciudadanía global es nuestra propuesta para responder tanto a la crisis actual como a los retos globales que van a interpelarnos en el futuro.

Biopharmaceuticals belong to a class of medicinal products whose active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is manufactured using living systems such as microbial and mammalian cells. With the patent expiry of the originator biopharmaceuticals, a surge in the production of biopharmaceuticals in the form of biosimilars is to be expected. However, biopharmaceuticals are inherently more complex than conventional chemical-based pharmaceuticals, hence requiring a more complicated manufacturing process. This paper provides a brief overview of the biopharmaceutical manufacturing processes and reveals that most biopharmaceuticals share similar processes and considerations. The complex nature of biopharmaceuticals presents various manufacturing challenges such as the inherent variation in quality and demand for extensive process and product understanding. Furthermore, downstream processing bottleneck also presents another manufacturing challenge. A brief comparison of the good manufacturing practice (GMP) standards of various regulatory authorities (RAs) and international organizations (IOs) reveals that the standards are largely similar and appropriate in addressing the manufacturing challenges. This review is one of the few covering the biopharmaceutical industry and the regulatory framework of the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN). However, GMP alone does not address regulatory challenges such as evaluation of biosimilarity, differing outlook on interchangeability and a growing occurrence of data integrity lapses. Solutions such as the implementation of Industry 4.0, improved harmonization of regulatory efforts and creating a culture of quality within the organization may help to address the forgoing challenges.

We consider how the prolonged, complex and uncertain aftermath of the COVID‐19 crisis will present challenges and opportunities for counselling and psychotherapy. Increased mental strain on populations, individuals and professionals is likely to be compounded by further constraints in therapeutic resources. Nevertheless, emerging needs and priorities will offer ground for systems thinking in linking the application of a range of therapeutic frameworks, theories to address global challenges, integration of counselling and psychotherapy into new sectors, service models for the most vulnerable, use of digital approaches, support mechanisms for professionals and interdisciplinary research.

Research on crisis management has accumulated a vast body of knowledge that has assisted us with comprehending complex business and management phenomena. Yet, the existing studies have not paid sufficient attention to global challenges and sustainable development. We join the current conversation being conducted from the global challenges perspective of crisis management by suggesting that investigating global challenges and sustainable development can advance our collective understanding of crisis management in important ways. This article has three general objectives. First, we show that crisis management has been a long-standing issue in business and management research and provide an overview of the puzzles that informed and motivated this focussed issue. Second, we highlight the key insights and contributions made by the papers included in this focussed issue by reviewing their theoretical underpinnings, methodological approaches, and findings. Finally, we invite scholars to join the debate in order to move this important crisis management research agenda forward by tackling global challenges with the goal of achieving sustainable development.

The purpose of the article is a study of the theoretical and methodological aspects of ensuring the institutional status of the state under global challenges. Methodology. The scientific search for changes in the institutional status of the state has been carried out on the basis of classical, neoclassical and institutional methodology. On the basis of classical methodology, general theoretical approaches to discovering alternative options for ensuring the institutional status of the state in the economy have been clarified using the tools of dialectical analysis and synthesis. Structural and functional method based on systemic analysis has made it possible to formulate the author's vision about the contradictory impact of global challenges on the institutional status of the state. Institutional and neoclassical approaches have made it possible to analyze the factors of manifestation of the contradictory nature of the state in the economy. The results of the study have shown that, to date, there is still no effective institutional system in place in Ukraine that would ensure optimal use of economic potential and could form the basis of public consensus on strategic goals of socio-economic development. All this negates the effectiveness of measures to identify alternatives to the development of the institutional status of the state and to find ways to preserve national identity under globalization. The practical implication is to identify the priorities and directions of the state's regulatory capacity under growing socio-institutional gaps to maintain macroeconomic stability and an effective system to counteract destructive exogenous influences clearly. When choosing possible alternatives, the desire for economic efficiency and social justice of the society, ensuring sustainable development, which does not worsen the conditions and opportunities for future generations, should remain the leading idea of strengthening the institutional status of the state. Value/originality. During the research, it has been proved that one of the priority tasks of the state should be a radical change of the vector of socio-economic development and carrying out of urgent institutional reforms. In view of this, the fundamental ambiguity of global development paths requires the state to tackle the challenge of preserving and strengthening national subjectivity as a key condition for Ukraine's security and sustainable development. Connecting the tools and resources of innovative development to the problem can contribute to the long-term strengthening of national competitiveness and the strengthening of the institutional status of the state. The reliability of the work of all public institutes, the extension of technological freedom of economic entities and the safety of the functioning of the whole socio-economic system depend on the key position of the economic power of the state.

This article reflects on the state of cultural studies today. It asks to what extent cultural studies can move with the times, now that we live in a radically altered world dominated by global challenges such as climate change, the rise of China, and technological transformation. It points to the importance of focusing on cultural studies’ institutional and material conditions of possibility if it is to continue to exist as a distinct intellectual field.

Purpose This paper aims to provide a framework that might be used to tackle the multifaceted challenges facing humanity, which are increasing in seriousness and complexity. The Millennium Project had identified such challenges, and over time periods until and including 2050, which pose the question, how would societies cope with these challenges averting any disastrous results? contemplating the suggested ethical principles, and the three central beliefs of “end-based”, “rule-based” and “care-based”. In some cases, individuals might not be blamed to think that “it is only a miracle” that might save humanity. Design/methodology/approach This paper, through the use of literature review, intends to provide an insight into these challenges, the suggested ethical principles and the three central beliefs, providing brief overview of the concept “miracle” leading to discussion on ethical mindsets, its components and their dimensions. Findings Concluding with framework for the way forward tackling these challenges. Research limitations/implications The limitation of this paper might lie in the fact that it is only a conceptual paper, but it calls on researchers to conduct further research using the suggested framework. Originality/value This might seem to be forward thinking, but it is a call for researchers to conduct more research in this area, and for governments to fund such research, to allow for the establishment of a method to refine the mindsets of individuals around the world to change into “ethical”, and thus, the world becomes better equipped to face and reduce the challenges and threats that are being faced by the world.

As we experience a new decade and new global challenges, it is important to re-focus our attention on the needs of our clients and service users. Perhaps now, more than ever before, there is a dang...

This paper explores a new way of tackling global problems that are complex by nature using an approach that creates an environment in which people work together in a different way. A clear illustration of the power of this approach - based on state-of-the-art findings in the social sciences - in developing innovative solutions that lead to greater impact is chronic child hunger and the stunting that results from it, which is the focus for this paper. In many countries, stunting affects more than 30-40% of children, and is responsible for severe and long-lasting health, social and economic problems. We argue that the reason such problems persist is that as there is no single, simple solution, the response is often to create new structures, processes and systems, which adds counterproductive layers of complicatedness on top of the initial complexity of the challenge. Instead, what is needed is to shape the context and, as a result, the behaviours of all actors. We call this approach Smart Simplicity. Rather than add to complexity, the idea is to work with existing stakeholders and within existing structures and to foster collaboration. And while this paper focuses on chronic child hunger and stunting, this is an approach that can be applied to a wide range of complex problems.

To discuss nurses' contributions to global health through their participation in GAPFON®.Discussion paper that reviews literature related to global health, global nursing and midwifery based on the contributions of the GAPFON® report.A literature search of electronic databases was conducted for published articles during 2014-2018 in English focusing on the main themes of the GAPFON® report. Manual searches of relevant journals and internet sites were also undertaken.Recommendations and strategies were discussed that could have an impact on the advancement of the nursing profession's contribution to global health based on the GAPFON® report outcomes.GAPFON® provides a framework to synergize and converge our activities to address professional issues around the globe, through implementation of the suggested strategies identified in the GAPFON® report. GAPFON® has engaged with nursing and midwifery leaders around the globe to determine both the most pressing health issues and professional issues in regions and the report is a synthesis of all the data, reflecting regional and global challenges. This article explores ways of how the report can be used as a basis for engagement with decision makers in global health.Advances in the professional areas embedded in the GAPFON® Model are expected to lead to capacity building, evidence-based practice and ultimately improved quality of global health care. The strategies for implementation identified by regional stakeholders can have an impact on the global health agenda by focusing on nurses and midwives as the drivers of this change.目的: 讨论护士通过参与全球护理和助产未来咨询小组对全球健康的贡献。 设计: 根据GAPFON®报告的贡献,综述与全球健康、全球护理和助产相关的文献的讨论文件。 数据来源: 2014年至2018年期间,对电子数据库进行了文献检索,获取以英语发表的文章,重点是以GAPFON®报告为主题的文献资料。并对有关期刊和因特网网址进行了人工检索。 结果: 根据GAPFON®报告的结果,讨论了可能对提高护理专业性对全球健康贡献产生影响的建议和战略。 护理启示: GAPFON®提供了一个框架,通过实施GAPFON®报告中确定的建议战略,我们的活动趋于协调一致,解决全球的专业问题。GAPFON®与全球的护理和助产士领导人合作,确定各地区最紧迫的健康问题和专业问题,该报告综合了所有数据,反应了全球和区域所面临的挑战。本文探讨了将该报告作为全球健康决策者参与的基础的方式。 结论: GAPFON®模式所包含的专业领域的进步有望领导全球卫生保健能力建设、循证实践,并最终提高全球卫生保健的质量。区域利益攸关方确定的执行战略可以通过将护士和助产士作为这一变化的驱动因素,对全球卫生议程产生影响。.

Given the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 2030 agenda, several countries have introduced various initiatives and reforms towards attracting and recruiting competent teachers to empower the next generation so that they can face global challenges and transform and sustain the development of society through education that is inclusive, equitable, of quality, and life-long. This study is, therefore, concerned with the role of school governing bodies to recruit competent teachers for a sustainable future. The study is grounded within the interpretative paradigm using a case study approach for data collection from a small sample consisting of ten school governing Bodies (SGBs) in uMkhanyakude District. The findings from this study establish that SGB members perform supervisory duties, prepare interviews, and conduct marking and selection as well as recommending staff. However, members of the SGB were not aware of the qualities required of competent teachers for a sustainable future. Furthermore, the study indicated that external influences and a shortage of qualified teachers are the major challenges encountered by members of SGBs in the process of recruiting competent teachers. The study concludes that the role of SGBs is significant and should not be downplayed if sustainable education that can transform our world is to become a reality.

The relationship between creativity and emotions can be understood from different angles. Though researchers recognized the mutual influence of creativity and emotion long ago, the digital world is leading to new ideas for solving problems through technology. The authors of the article suggest a new model understand the global challenges of the digital world, creativity, and emotions. The improved method of conceptual and empirical research made it possible to put forward a new hypothesis of digital well-being, based on the relationship between new forms of creativity and emotional effect, and to confirm the logical conclusions drawn from the results of the survey. The purpose of the article is to study the problem of the relationship between creativity and emotions in the digital world and how personal characteristics, user activity, and situational factors influence this relationship. The fact that even the shortest time spent on creativity and the emotional state of people is interrelated with well-being increases the relevance of the study of creativity in any form of its manifestation. The importance of the digital world in people’s lives increases the relevance of the study of emotions and such forms of creativity as the creation of user-profiles and Internet memes.

In a transitional era, design must analyse current transformations and play the role of a guide by enabling and empowering people’s creative and design skills and mindsets, educating them to face the complex digital transformations of our century. People should understand how to cooperate with digital technologies, apply these creative abilities to adopt digital opportunities to generate innovation to meet future global challenges, and to manage the threats spawned by the digital evolution.

New Perspectives on Education for Democracy brings together diverse communities of education research in an innovative way to develop a nuanced understanding of the relationship between education and democracy. This book synthesises a range of theoretical, conceptual, and empirical approaches to address the complex challenges faced by young people and societies in the 21st century. Each chapter provides accounts of local democratic encounters in education, while engaging with global debates and issues, such as de-democratisation and growing social, economic, and educational inequality. This book presents new ways of thinking about democracy, local–global enactments of democracy through teaching and learning, and future thinking for a new era of democracy. This book will be relevant for educators, researchers, and policymakers who are interested in educational sociology, critical pedagogy, and democratic education.

In the final chapter, we put together the lessons learned from the different conceptual and empirical contexts of this book. To tackle global challenges, we need to be aware of the complexity of “wicked” problems when contemplating large-scale change. These challenges must tackle holistically because their various components are interconnected, interdependent, and interrelated. The chapter demonstrates how the different authors have contributed to describe, explain, and understand “how sustainable societal practices can contribute to a broader view of business transformation and vice versa?” in the interrelationship with different theories and different contexts. The concepts and their interdependencies of each chapter in this book contribute to a concluding multilevel ecosystem model. The multi-level ecosystem model is used as a narrative in a real context of challenge-driven business and societal practices, for instance, in IKEA. The chapter concludes with implications and future research recommendations of the transformation from “business as usual” to more inclusive and sustainable businesses and the society at large.

PurposeThe purpose of this introduction is fourfold: (1) to articulate the reasons for the special issue; (2) to highlight some of the fundamental issues related to the management research on COVID-19; (3) to introduce the authors and to summarize their contributions to this special issue; and (4) to provide some suggestions for future research pertaining to global challenges and business in general.Design/methodology/approachThis article introduces the special issue by addressing the following four points related to the COVID-19 pandemic: (1) conceptualization of the crisis, (2) the role of organizations, (3) challenges of the global pandemic and (4) business–society relationships. We briefly relate the papers in this special issue to these four points and we conclude with some thoughts on how to move forward on research in this domain.FindingsThe COVID-19 pandemic has proven to be one of the most important challenges to mankind and to organizations in recent years, and many organizations have proven to be very resilient in the face of this. Effective leadership, communication with stakeholders, global organizations and new organizational forms such as cross-sectoral collaborations have all proven important in dealing with this crisis. They will also likely be important for dealing with even more serious crises in the future such as climate change and other challenges referred to in the papers in this issue.Originality/valueThis paper provides an overview and summary of the implications of the papers in this special issue. As such, its originality derives mostly from the originality of the papers contained in this special issue.

As their work has embraced the most critical challenges confronting the contemporary international world, such as climate change, migration, poverty, global health, human rights, and counterterrorism, international organizations (IOs), and particularly the secretariats that are tasked with operationalizing IO mandates and decisions, have resorted more and more to local authorities as part of their strategy to solve global problems. And as local governments have confronted those same problems, they have sought assistance and influence at the international level, including through the work of international organizations. Though these global challenges have existed for decades, and international organizations have worked on them for just as long, international institutions are increasingly recognizing that cities, as cities, serve an important role in solving transnational problems and that cities and international organizations need to work more together to achieve that end. Cities, empowered by their perceived importance and democratic legitimacy, are asserting themselves more and more internationally, individually and collectively, pushing their policy preferences and demanding a seat at the table. The moves toward promoting localized solutions and implementing urban-IO collaboration are growing, but the state-centered structure of the international system, which does not contemplate interactions between cities and IOs unmediated by states, has impeded, though not prevented, such efforts. This chapter will explore the trends that have led international organizations to focus on cities and those that have led cities to look to international organizations. It will then examine the type of city-centric work that international organizations engage in and the types of contingent connections and alliances that exist between organizations and cities. Finally, it will suggest that a shadow system has emerged that allows cities and international organizations to interact and cooperate, albeit unevenly and circumspectly, within an international framework that was not designed for such relations. Established to solve the conundrum produced by the misalignment of functional need and institutional design, the informal system itself presents challenges and provokes questions that require further research.

This dissertation investigates the firm‐level cost of extreme temperatures as one of the most pervasive projected trends due to climate change, the awareness of investors of the financial repercussions of climate change, the adaptation of supply‐chains to climate shocks, as well as the implications of insider ownership and governance mechanisms for the pricing of corporate debt. The three studies employ financial data and research methods to better understand the interrelation between finance, firm behaviour, and socio‐economic issues.

This special issue of The Teacher Educator aims to broaden the conversation about teacher education into a global context. Understanding the successes and the plight of teacher educators around the...

Microbial communities are a key part to tackling global challenges in human health, environmental conservation, and sustainable agriculture in the coming decade. Recent advances in synthetic biology to study and modify microbial communities have led to important insights into their physiology and ecology. Understanding how targeted changes to microbial communities result in reproducible alterations of the community’s intrinsic fluctuations and function is important for mechanistic reconstruction of microbiomes. Studies of synthetic microbial consortia and comparative analysis of communities in normal and disrupted states have revealed ecological principles that can be leveraged to engineer communities towards desired functions. Tools enabling temporal modulation and sensing of the community dynamics offer precise spatiotemporal control of functions, help to dissect microbial interaction networks, and improve predictions of population temporal dynamics. Here we discuss recent advances to manipulate microbiome dynamics through control of specific strain engraftment and abundance, modulation of cell-cell signaling for tuning population dynamics, infiltration of new functions in the existing community with in situ engineering, and in silico modeling of microbial consortia to predict community function and ecology.

Purpose- The purpose of this paper is to identify possible diversifications of jute to create more sustainable businesses for economic development. Design/Methodology-The paper is prepared using secondary sources of data including published journals, data from research database, news, periodicals, books and websites. The paper is prepared in an exploratory manner, describes several data through graphical representations, and is focused on Bangladesh only. Findings- The study finds that jute’s economic and ecological benefit can make it a cash cow for Bangladesh. Its immense ability of diversification makes it a sustainable solution. Practical Implications- The study shows the feasibility of the project from a government perspective. The study can be practically applicable at economic scale that can be highly beneficial for jute producing countries like Bangladesh.

As evidenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, the ramifications of not adequately integrating science practitioners in the ranks of US diplomatic leadership can be severe. Since President Biden's inauguration, the new administration has rightly placed science as a key discipline to drive the trajectory of both US domestic and foreign policy ([ 1 ][1]). To implement this goal, the Biden administration should appoint more scientists and engineers to the senior ranks of the State Department. Achieving broad human progress goals, as articulated in many of the UN's Sustainable Development Goals ([ 2 ][2]), will require that diplomacy and policy-making be informed by science. If the United States follows through with its plans to center science in decision-making, it can provide vital leadership in addressing emerging global challenges. Some of the most effective international agreements were forged through science-based policy crafting. The Antarctic Treaty System of 1959 ([ 3 ][3]) enables research at the South Pole. The Outer Space Treaty of 1967 ([ 4 ][4]) facilitates the work at the International Space Station. The Montreal Protocol of 1987 ([ 5 ][5]) stymied the depletion of the ozone layer. The success of these treaties demonstrates that international cooperation informed by science is already a model for future progress. Harnessing the talents of the United States' leading scientists and engineers is key to the advancement of its foreign policy and the resolution of national security priorities. To accomplish this goal, the Biden-Harris administration should create a new position of undersecretary for scientific affairs and reestablish the science affairs officer within the State Department. Scientists and engineers should also be installed in the Foreign Service and at the National Security Council. As the Biden-Harris transition proclaimed: The people have chosen science ([ 6 ][6]). It is the responsibility of our diplomatic community and our partners in science and technology to make good on that choice. 1. [↵][7]1. J. Daley , “Biden elevates science in week one actions,” Scientific American (2021). 2. [↵][8]UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, “The 17 Goals” ( ). 3. [↵][9]Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research, “The Antarctic Treaty System” ([www.scar.org/policy/antarctic-treaty-system/][10]). 4. [↵][11]UN Office for Outer Space Affairs, “Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, Including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies” ([www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/ourwork/spacelaw/treaties/introouterspacetreaty.html][12]). 5. [↵][13]US Department of State, “The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer” ([www.state.gov/key-topics-office-of-environmental-quality-and-transboundary-issues/the-montreal-protocol-on-substances-that-deplete-the-ozone-layer/][14]). 6. [↵][15]1. S. Hilgartner, 2. J. B. Hurlbut, 3. S. Jasanoff , Science 371, 893 (2021). [OpenUrl][16][Abstract/FREE Full Text][17] [1]: #ref-1 [2]: #ref-2 [3]: #ref-3 [4]: #ref-4 [5]: #ref-5 [6]: #ref-6 [7]: #xref-ref-1-1 "View reference 1 in text" [8]: #xref-ref-2-1 "View reference 2 in text" [9]: #xref-ref-3-1 "View reference 3 in text" [10]: http://www.scar.org/policy/antarctic-treaty-system/ [11]: #xref-ref-4-1 "View reference 4 in text" [12]: http://www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/ourwork/spacelaw/treaties/introouterspacetreaty.html [13]: #xref-ref-5-1 "View reference 5 in text" [14]: http://www.state.gov/key-topics-office-of-environmental-quality-and-transboundary-issues/the-montreal-protocol-on-substances-that-deplete-the-ozone-layer/ [15]: #xref-ref-6-1 "View reference 6 in text" [16]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DScience%26rft.stitle%253DScience%26rft.aulast%253DHilgartner%26rft.auinit1%253DS.%26rft.volume%253D371%26rft.issue%253D6532%26rft.spage%253D893%26rft.epage%253D894%26rft.atitle%253DWas%2B%2522science%2522%2Bon%2Bthe%2Bballot%253F%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1126%252Fscience.abf8762%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F33632837%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [17]: /lookup/ijlink/YTozOntzOjQ6InBhdGgiO3M6MTQ6Ii9sb29rdXAvaWpsaW5rIjtzOjU6InF1ZXJ5IjthOjQ6e3M6ODoibGlua1R5cGUiO3M6NDoiQUJTVCI7czoxMToiam91cm5hbENvZGUiO3M6Mzoic2NpIjtzOjU6InJlc2lkIjtzOjEyOiIzNzEvNjUzMi84OTMiO3M6NDoiYXRvbSI7czoyNDoiL3NjaS8zNzIvNjU0Mi81ODIuMi5hdG9tIjt9czo4OiJmcmFnbWVudCI7czowOiIiO30=

This contribution examines the European Union’s engagement with the R2P framework and showcases various examples of progress in support of R2P from the past 15 years. It also illustrates some lingering ambivalence within the EU towards the principle and the divisions which exist across the EU membership regarding some aspects of the R2P agenda, and in particular the role of military force in pursuit of human protection. With the EU currently facing a range of internal and global challenges, its ability to improve policy coherence across the broad range of programmes and activities in support of the R2P agenda, and its ability to shape norms internationally, remain uncertain.

This special issue – Protecting and sustainably using the world’s plants and fungi – features the research that underpins Kew’s State of the World’s Plants and Fungi 2020 report. This special issue, and the associated report, are global efforts representing work from 210 authors, in 97 institutions, across 42 countries and six continents. We anticipate that this landmark special issue will inform and inspire researchers, policymakers, practitioners and many others to value and appreciate the world’s plant and fungal diversity and its largely untapped potential to help address the global challenges faced by humanity.

Muslims in Indonesia in Indonesia face global challenges in the form of liberalism in various dimensions of life. Therefore, Muslims can express their aspirations through the known 411 action, 212 in a peaceful manner. Various parties respect Muslims, because they are able to prove Muslims who agree in Indonesia. Carrying out Islam wasathiyah (moderate), so as not to cause anarchy. However important prevention efforts that promote Islam as a religion of mercy to all the worlds (Islam rahmata lil 'alamin) through understanding of Islam washatiyah, to avoid understanding the extreme form of terrorism, anarchism, separatism and other forms of destructive life of society, nation and state.

Uluslararası boyutta insan ticareti, dünya genelinde artan karma göç hareketlerinin de etkisiyle 21. yüzyılın en önemli küresel sorunlarından biri haline gelmiştir. İnsan ticaretiyle mücadele son yıllarda hükümetler, uluslararası kuruluşlar, sivil toplum örgütleri ve medyanın yoğun ilgi gösterdiği bir alandır, ancak bu durum zaman zaman kavramı teorik ve olgusal bulgularla anlamaya çalışan akademik tartışmaların önüne geçmektedir. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı insan ticareti konusunda uluslararası ilişkiler ve uluslararası göç literatürüne bağlantılı olarak süregelen başlıca kavramsal mevzular ve teorik tartışmalara yer vermek; soruna yönelik etkin mücadele stratejileri geliştirmek için öncelikle bu hususların göz önünde bulundurulması gerektiğini vurgulamaktır. Çalışmanın birinci bölümünde insan ticareti, göçmen kaçakçılığı ve düzensiz göç gibi temel kavramlar arasındaki bağlantı ele alınacaktır. İkinci bölümde ise insan ticaretinin göç ve güvenlik olguları bağlamında kuramlaştırılmasına değinilecektir. Çalışmanın son bölümünde Türkiye’de göç politikaları kapsamında gerçekleşen kurumsal ve hukuki yapılandırma sürecinin insan ticaretiyle mücadelenin de mağdur odaklı bir çerçevede geliştirilmesine katkısı değerlendirilecektir.&nbsp

Muslims in Indonesia in Indonesia face global challenges in the form of liberalism in various dimensions of life. Therefore, Muslims can express their aspirations through the known 411 action, 212 in a peaceful manner. Various parties respect Muslims, because they are able to prove Muslims who agree in Indonesia. Carrying out Islam wasathiyah (moderate), so as not to cause anarchy. However important prevention efforts that promote Islam as a religion of mercy to all the worlds (Islam rahmata lil 'alamin) through understanding of Islam washatiyah, to avoid understanding the extreme form of terrorism, anarchism, separatism and other forms of destructive life of society, nation and state.