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The food industry has been widely regarded as an effective sector due to its contribution to the national economy, job creation, and people's welfare. Malaysia as one effective country in the food industry and leading country in Halal food brand emphasized the importance of food quality in both operation and supply chain. Despite the importance of the Halal food industry to countries' economy including Malaysia, this industry is facing multiple challenges. In addition, halal food literature still in the infant stage despite the rapid growth of this important industry. Therefore, this review study aims to identify the challenges that surrounded the Halal industry worldwide generally and Malaysian firms particularly. This study also aims to identify the potential solution to overcome Halal food challenges. The finding of this study uncovers multiple challenges surrounded the Halal food industry in operation, marketing, and certification processes. This study also suggests that the application of the manufacturing execution system can bring a new insight to overcome Halal food challenges. This study contributes to the body of knowledge by providing a clear understanding of Halal food industry operation and certification and their challenges and explains how MES can improve the efficiency of this industry.

Indonesia has been known to have abundant natural resources and culture-based creative industries. The country is therefore vulnerable to the practice of fraud of origin. One of many industrial sectors susceptible to that particular crime is the wooden furniture businesses. In many cases, it is apparent that natural products and raw materials of Indonesia are being exported without listing the country as the place of origin. The most common Indonesian material falls within this illegal practice are timber products. In the province of Central Java, Jepara has been a prominent center of timber industry producing high quality timber products and wooden raw materials. From a unique standpoint, the timber industry in Jepara is deeply rooted to the culture and identity of the natives, making the attempt to separate the discussion between timber industry and the people of Jepara not only imprudent but virtually impossible. By looking at the statistic in which Jepara’s public education level is assessed to be still below the national standard, and as well bearing to the general fact that the timber actors in Jepara are more focused on product sales rather than important technical aspects such as certification of origin, it should be projected that crimes such as fraud of origin could be easily committed in Jepara. This study is using a comparative advantage theory and theories or models of H-O to investigate how the practice of fraud of origin in Jepara occurs and how to resolve such problem.

Background and objective Axial spondyloarthritis is an immune-mediated disease with a high cost, diagnostic delay and associated complications that makes it a particularly important condition. This work aims to establish a certification standard (SpACE Project) for monographic consultations in its diagnosis and treatment. Materials and methods Qualitative study of consensus, through the technique of the nominal group. First, a pragmatic review of the literature was carried out. Second, professionals involved throughout the care process (rheumatology, ophthalmology, gastroenterology, traumatology, family medicine, physical therapy, and nursing) were included. Results Thirty-seven possible standards were extracted from the pragmatic review of the literature. During the consensus phase only those standards with high feasibility and importance in the care process were prioritized. Finally, the group of 26 experts agreed on the inclusion of 14 standards. Discussion and conclusions SpACE is a consensus-based certification standard that seeks to improve health outcomes and more integrated care.

Context The collegiate athletic setting has been described as having high workloads and working demands. The extensive time commitment required of athletic trainers working in this setting has been identified as a precursor to work-family conflict (WFC) and work-family guilt (WFG). Although individualized, experiences in the work-life interface can largely be affected by organizational factors (ie, elements specific to the workplace). Staff size and patient load may influence the athletic trainer's feelings of WFC and WFG, yet these factors have not been directly studied. Objective To examine organizational factors and experiences of WFC and WFG among collegiate athletic trainers. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Collegiate setting. Patients or Other Participant(s) A total of 615 (females = 391, gender variant or nonconforming = 1, males = 222, preferred not to answer = 1) athletic trainers responded to an online survey. The average age of participants was 33 ± 9 years, and they were Board of Certification certified for 10 ± 8 years. A total of 352 participants (57.2%) worked in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I, 99 in Division II (16.1%), and 164 in Division III (26.7%). Main Outcome Measure(s) Participants responded to demographic and workplace characteristic questions (organizational infrastructure, staff size, and number of varsity-level athletic teams). They completed WFC and WFG scales that have been previously validated and used in the athletic trainer population. Results Work-family conflict and WFG were universally experienced among our participants, with WFC scores predicting WFG scores. Participants reported more time-based conflict than strain- or behavior-based conflict. No differences in WFC and WFG scores were found among organizational infrastructures. Weak positive correlations were present between staff size and WFC scores and WFG scores. The number of athletic teams was not associated with WFC or WFG scores. Conclusions Organizational factors are an important component of the work-life interface. From an organizational perspective, focusing on improving work-life balance for the athletic trainer can help mitigate experiences with WFC and WFG.

English language learners (ELLs) in classrooms is becoming a common occurrence with Ontario's escalating immigration trends. This influx pressures teachers who encounter barriers and indadequate training for linguistically diverse needs. Teacher education has the potential to overcome these barriers through effective ELL training. This qualitative study explores current teacher preparation practices through pre-service teachers' (PT)perspectives. This study aims to address a Canadain literature void by exploring how prepared primary-junior PTs are to teach ELLs in Southwestern Ontario. Using a structured interview, six certified graduates shared descriptive experiences, knowledge and beliefs. The findings are organized as; 1)Faculties of Education. 2)PTs' Beliefs, 3)In Future Classrooms and 4)Beyond the Classroom. Although moving towards greater ELL awareness and inclusive mindsets, there is a good indication that well-intentioned teachers lack the competence necessary for effective classroom practice. This exploration is an initial step towards a better understanding of teacher preparation.

How does government licensing affect selling on online platforms? We examine the impact of China’s 2015 Food Safety Law on sellers and buyers on Alibaba, the largest e-commerce platform in that country., Quels effets l’obligation d’accréditation imposée par les pouvoirs publics a-t-elle sur les plateformes de commerce en ligne? Nous examinons l’impact de la loi chinoise sur la sûreté des aliments de 2015 auprès des vendeurs et acheteurs de la plus grosse plateforme de commerce en ligne de Chine, Alibaba.

For smart cities, the successful large-scale implementation of solar PV technology, Quality Certification and Standards are mandatory. The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a global organization for standardization consisting of all IEC national committees. The IEC PV standards comprise IEC technical committee 82 solar PV Energy System (IEC TC82) which develops and adopts all Photovoltaic related standards. There are nearly 80 standards applicable to photovoltaic and five working groups in IEC TC82. For necessary safety requirements ‘Quality and Standards’ technologically need to be revised and up to date. This paper presents PV standards developed by various technical committees worldwide, mainly focusing on various IEC PV standards, gaps identified by them and the recommendations provided by the committee in recent times. The breakup costs of the various sub-systems of a PV installation with an illustrative example for India is also discussed. It is intended to provide a guideline for consumers and investors, opting for solar PV installations.

Background COVID-19 is a global health crisis. Close contact with the mucous membranes and respiratory secretions of patients and aerosol-generating procedures renders dentists and other oral health professionals at high risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2. We examined dentists’ knowledge, preparedness, and experiences of managing COVID-19 in Australia. Methods A cross-sectional online survey of dentists with a current membership with The Australian Dental Association (ADA) was conducted between March and April 2021. Results Of the 368 survey responses, most dentists (72.3%) reported having a good level of knowledge about COVID-19, with most visiting the ADA Federal COVID-19 (74.7%) and state/territory department of health websites (62.8%), respectively to source up-to-date information. Most dentists (87.6%) felt prepared to manage COVID-19 into the future, although 66% reported not receiving training or certification in the use of PPE. Over half (58.7%) reported not being concerned about contracting SARS-CoV-2 at work, with some (28.9%, n=98/339) feeling more stressed than usual and having heavier workloads. Conclusions COVID-19 had significant impact in oral healthcare in Australia. Dentistry has adapted to the varied challenges raised by the pandemic. Comprehensive training and detailed guidelines were fundamental for successful patient management during the COVID-19 outbreak.

OBJECTIVE To survey occupational health-related activities conducted at hospitals certified by the Japan Council for Quality Health Care in the Kanto region of Japan. METHODS The survey tool was sent to 470 hospitals and comprised the following items: hospital size, occupational health system, infection control practices, mental health services, promotion of work system reforms, and priorities in achieving occupational health. RESULTS A total of 140 hospitals completed the survey. A monthly workplace inspection was conducted in approximately 60% of the hospitals. Testing of new employees for hepatitis and four other viruses was conducted in approximately 65% of the hospitals, and influenza vaccination was administered to the employees in all the hospitals. Most hospitals provided mental health services to their workers, which included consultation with an occupational physician. Work system reforms for changing conference time and task shifting or sharing were adopted in approximately 50% of the hospitals. Prevention of blood-borne pathogens, respiratory infections, and healthcare coverage for healthcare workers was identified as areas of improvement in several hospitals. CONCLUSIONS Legally required infection control and occupational health-related practices were conducted in most hospitals. Additionally, several hospitals undertook work system reforms, including the management of changes in conference time and task shifting or sharing.

The PNAE Qali Warma program obtained ISO 9001: 2008 certification in 2016, with the purpose to paying food suppliers on time. Delayed payment mainly affects the cash flow of the Small and medium-sized enterprises SMEs. The objective of this article is analyze the attention times of payment request process. Results: the mean attention time was 22.9 days, with coefficient of variation (CV) of 38.7%; of which, 17.4 days represent periods with no value added. In each step of the process the CV exceeds 30%, which indicates little certainty to meet the planned deadlines. The files have 57.3% probabilities to stay in the process for more than 20 days and 17.6% for more than 30 days. The variation is explained according to the characteristics of the files. The time to transfer monetary resources doubles at the Administration Unit and the Purchase Committees, simplifying the activity would have saved 4.2 million soles. El PNAE Qali Warma obtiene la certificación ISO 9001:2008 en el año 2016, con el propósito de pagar oportunamente a los proveedores de alimentos; reconociendo que su retraso afecta principalmente el flujo de caja de las Mypes. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar los tiempos de atención del proceso de solicitudes de pago presentadas a la sede principal del PNAE Qali Warma . Resultados: el tiempo de atención promedio fue 22,9 días, con coeficiente de variación (CV) de 38,7%; de los cuales 17,4 días representan periodos que no agregan valor. En cada etapa del proceso, el CV supera el 30%, indicando poca certeza para cumplir con los plazos planificados. Los expedientes tienen una probabilidad de 57,3% de continuar en trámite por más de 20 días y 17,6% por más de 30 días. La variación se explica según las características de los expedientes y el tiempo de presentación

The objective of this research is to verify if through the management of public policy it will be possible to comply in a timely manner with the processes of child support in the courts of peace of the judicial districts of the country. For its development, the doctrine was analyzed and field work was conducted through surveys directed to judges of the courts of peace of the Superior Court of Justice of North Lima, due to the good practices that this judicial district has been carrying out and because it obtained the ISO 9001:2015 certification for the implementation of a quality management system in attention to the processes of child support. Regarding the research methodology, this is descriptive and correlational; and the method applied is the inductive and quantitative and qualitative approaches. From the study of the results obtained, it is concluded that there is a process management system for the celerity of processes of child support claims, established in the objectives of the National Plan for Access to Justice for Persons in Condition of Vulnerability 2016-2021, but it is not met, due to various factors related to the insufficiency of economic, technological, material and human resources in the judiciary.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible influence of students’ social persuasion on examination malpractices among undergraduate students in Universities within Kiambu County. Social persuasion is one of the main factor contributing towards examination malpractice. The target population was 183,760 undergraduates’ students, lecturers and University administrators from Universities within the County of Kiambu, where one private university and one public university were randomly selected. The data collected from the pilot exercise, was used to compute Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient which was found to be r = 0.856, hence the instruments were reliable. The quantitative data obtained was analyzed using SPSS version 25, and was presented in descriptive statistics inform of frequencies and percentages. Inferential statistics in the form of linear regression was used to test the relationship between independent and dependent variables in each objective. Linear Regression Results were presented in model summary tables, ANOVA tables and coefficient tables. The incorporation of modern technology in the entire process of examination administration and certification would be important in reducing the examination malpractices. An examination policy shift in universities would be necessary too.

The Round Table on Responsible Soy (RTRS) is an international multi-stakeholder initiative whose certification scheme seeks to promote more economically, socially and environmentally sustainable practices in the soy sector. This paper offers an in-depth case study of Argentina's soy producing province of Cordoba in order examine RTRS′ attempt to requalify soy, a basic food commodity for which discussions around quality have traditionally tended to be marginal. Guided by a regulationist analytical framework, the empirical analysis shows that RTRS aims at producing some modest transformations in the production practices of the soy sector. However, due to this initiative's unsuccessful attempt to guarantee demand and significant price premiums for producers, the possibility of achieving such modest transformations becomes compromised. As a consequence, the case of RTRS makes visible some of the challenges and difficulties that emerge when markets of basic food commodities attempt to adopt the logic of quality markets.

Objectives In Austria a national train-the-trainer programme (TTT) has been developed, implemented and evaluated with the aim of training and certifying participants for developing, implementing and delivering communication skills training (CST) for health professionals. Methods The programme included 5 in-person courses, application homework with feedback, peer work, and regular trainer network meetings. Global satisfaction with training and changes in self-efficacy among TTT-participants and their learners in the CST delivered as practice projects were evaluated. Results 18 participants have graduated from the TTT-pilot. 98 people took part in the 9 CST delivered by TTT-participants. Participants’ satisfaction has been rated very positively both for TTT and CST. At post-programme/post-training, statistically significant improvement was observed in self-efficacy for the TTT-participants and for the CST-participants. Additionally, valuable suggestions for programme/training improvement were identified. Conclusions This programme is an important step to sustainably improving CST in Austria. To guarantee high quality and consistency, a set of standards for certification have been developed for TTT and CST. Practice implications Implementation of best practices in training trainers and communication skills teaching can be guided by a structured approach. Those wanting to implement similar programmes can benefit from strengths and suggestions for improvement identified in this national project.

This research aims to investigate the elements that influence learners' enrollment in, completion of and dropout from Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs). MOOCs attract a vast number of participants, with enrollments growing at an unprecedented rate; however, only a small number of students who enroll, complete their study. In this research, data were collected from 79 participants using an online survey. Professional growth, flexible time, free of charge, and the opportunity to obtain certification were recognized as the four main factors that directly influenced student enrollment in MOOCs. The motivational variables revealed in this study that led to the effective completion of MOOCs included good-quality course videos, straightforward and clear tutor instructions, good course delivery, and useful instructor feedback, among others. The most prevalent reasons for dropout included failure to fulfil the deadline, the instructor's vocabulary, challenging assignments, and difficulty in grasping the course content. The findings of this study can provide educators and decision-makers with the information they need to better understand the factors that influence MOOC student enrollment, completion, and dropout rates, as well as relevant actions to improve the success rates of MOOC. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.20.11.9

BACKGROUND More patients are turning to the internet for their health information than ever before. This is a growing problem as it is well recognized that medical information on the internet is highly variable. We assessed the quality of information on the internet regarding the anti-reflux procedure, Nissen Fundoplication. Three commonly used measures of website quality are the Health On the Net code, the Journal of the American Medical Association Benchmark criteria, and the DISCERN tool. The HON code is a seal of approval awarded by an independent organization where the JAMA Benchmark and DISCERN Tool are a set of standards that can be utilized by an internet user or webpage creator. METHODS We performed a Google search using the term "Nissen Fundoplication", where we analyzed the top 75 websites. We included English language websites and excluded advertisements, websites for medical professionals, duplicates, and requiring a login. Each website included was evaluated for presence of the HON seal and scored with the JAMA Benchmark and DISCERN criteria to determine quality. RESULTS Only 16.28% of websites were found to be HON code certified. The average JAMA benchmark score was 1.23, with 9.3% websites scoring the maximum 4 points and 39.53% receiving a score of 0. The average DISCERN score was 34.65 out of a total possible score of 75, where the mean score for the overall quality of the website (question 16) was 2.19 out of a maximal score of 5. CONCLUSION This study, using 3 commonly used validated measures, has found that the quality of online information pertaining to Nissen Fundoplication is sorely lacking. The implications of these results are twofold as an important reference for institutions to update their source material and a guide when providing patients with adequate resources.

The purpose of the research is to determine the organizational, legislative and regulatory framework for the standardization and certification of the rural green tourism as an unconventional business pattern and a type of environmental services. Methods. In the process of research, systematic and integrated approaches were used, which provided a comprehensive study of the problem and the achievement of scientific results. Methodological basis of the research are general theoretical methods of scientific knowledge, in particular dialectic method, system analysis, fundamental positions of general economic theory. The graphical method was used to visualize the structural diagrams. In addition, general scientific and special methods were used in the study such as dialectical, monographic, non-lethal, induction and deduction, which allowed them to be used to determine the organizational, legislative and regulatory framework for the standardization and certification of the rural green tourism. Results. The article discusses issues concerning the legislative and regulatory framework for the standardization and certification of the rural green tourism in Ukraine. Methodological approaches how to standardize and certify the rural ecotourism are presented too. Innovative factors, having an impact on the rural green tourism evolution in the Ukrainian regions, have been indicated herein. Some attention has been focused on the need for the ecological certification and audit of the various territories, administrative regions, natural and economic systems of the country in general. The necessity of using marks for the legal protection of geographical indications has been determined. It has been proven that the voluntary ecological certification certifies some compliance with the requirements of laws, technical regulations, best practices, good rules, national and industry standards both for the tourism and, in general, for the adherence of requirements as to the environment quality maintenance. Practical meaning. A rural ecological tourism standardization and certification system, accelerating the adaptation of the Ukrainian regulatory and legislative framework to the EU standards, improving the tourism product quality, based on European standards and environmental regulations, helping attract foreign investments and develop the rural green tourism infrastructure and material bases, has been built grounding on the deep study of the present issues. Prospects for further research. The results obtained herein determine the need for the further improvement of the methodological criteria developed for the certification of rural green tourism farmsteads. It will lead to the market promotion of environmental services, to the increase in the number of foreign tourists and to the rise in the competitiveness of Ukraine as the player of the international market of tourist services.

PurposeAudits are an essential part of supply chain management, whether they be of a single supplier's facilities or the whole supply chain. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, auditors mainly conducted supplier audits in-person and on-site. Subsequent travel restrictions have meant that auditors have had to perform these audits remotely. The purpose of this paper is to conceptually describe the emerging phenomenon of remote audits and explore the implications of this change for the future.Design/methodology/approachThis exploratory research used qualitative interviews with key stakeholders (firms, auditors and regulators) to provide an empirical basis for the study. A total of 60 interviews were conducted in two rounds with 40 respondents from 26 organizations. A process perspective lens was used to explore the fundamental changes in supplier audits.FindingsThe study provides an interpretative conceptual framework of remote supplier audits grounded in key factors (audit process, use of technologies, document and record sharing) and identifies a set of contingency factors (technological sophistication, reputation for integrity, maturity of internal audit processes, and level of complexities and risk involved) that affect the effectiveness of remote audits.Originality/valueRemote supplier audits have radically changed how supply chains operate. This paper presents the first empirically-grounded study on remote auditing. It provides a springboard for future research in this domain and practical implications for managers to assist them with the development of remote auditing in their firms and supply chains.

Purpose Construction management skills and competencies (CMSC) are of greatest importance for the industry to succeed and thrive. Some factors are critical to CSMC development. Hence, following the restrictions occasioned by the outbreak of Covid-19 pandemic, this study reviewed and examined these factors to understand their level of influence in the remote development of CMSC adopted by the industry within and post the disruptions induced by the pandemic. Design/methodology/approach This study adopted a quantitative and descriptive research method. Data were sourced from 155 completed and usable survey questionnaires with registered and licensed engineering and construction professionals practicing in both private and public sectors in Nigeria. Participants were drawn from the membership database of the Nigeria Society of Engineers. Findings The identified critical success factors (CSFs) are categorised into organisational factors which include leadership, engineering project networks and eLearning, measurement and review system, strategy and resources, organisational culture, tradition and structure. In addition to individual factors in this order of influence; willingness to learn, promotion and career development, obtaining certified qualification and obtaining respect of peers are CSFs of remote development of CMSC in Nigeria. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to identify and examine the CSFs to remote development of CMSC tailored to developing countries in Africa. It explored the two categories of CSFs in both remote and traditional CMSC developments and established that the organisational factors remain positively dominants in traditional as well as in remote development of CMSC. It further ranked the individual factors in their order of influence in Nigeria, offered insights into motivation of construction management trainees in developing countries and offered areas of improvements such as quality of training and certification.

In continental countries, building materials are often moved over long distances from factories to building sites. This is especially important when quality and performance certification systems are required for the building materials’ acquisition. In this scenario, the transportation phase tends to have a great contribution to building materials’ environmental impacts. Taking into consideration that countries such as China, India, and Brazil, i.e., continental countries, are expecting the largest future housing demand, the issue of transportation will have a crucial role in environmental impacts. Through a Brazilian case study, the present work investigates the potential environmental impacts of structural masonry made of concrete and ceramic blocks certified by the Brazilian Quality Program. A cradle-to-site Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) is carried out while considering a country-level approach using data from the literature and Ecoinvent. The results show that ceramic blocks are preferable for most states and scenarios. Human Health and Ecosystem Quality are the two categories most affected by transportation, and they can reach more than 96% and 99%, respectively. The efficiency of the building material transportation system plays an important role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. A shift in building components from concrete to ceramic blocks has the potential to mitigate between 154 and 229 Mt CO2-eq between 2020 and 2050. The methodological approach used in this work can be applied to other building materials and other countries, especially those of continental dimensions that are expected to have a significant future housing demand.

Purpose of the ReviewThis article aims to provide an update on the designation of stroke centers, neurointerventionalist demand, and cost-effectiveness of stroke thrombectomy in the United States.Recent FindingsThere are now more than 1,660 stroke centers certified by national accrediting bodies in the United States, 306 of which are designated as thrombectomy-capable or comprehensive stroke centers. Considering the amount of nationally certified centers and the number of patients with acute stroke eligible for thrombectomy, each center would be responsible for 64 to 104 thrombectomies per year. As a result, there is a growing demand placed on neurointerventionalists, who have the ability to alter the trajectory of large vessel occlusive strokes. Numbers needed to achieve functional independence after stroke thrombectomy at 90 days range from 3.2 to 7.4 patients in the early time window and 2.8 to 3.6 patients in the extended time window in appropriately selected candidates. With the low number needed to treat, in a variety of valued-based calculations and cost-effectiveness analyses, stroke thrombectomy has proved to be both clinically effective and cost-effective.SummaryAdvancements in the early recognition and treatment of stroke have been paralleled by a remodeling of health care systems to ensure best practices in a timely manner. Stroke center–accrediting bodies provide oversight to safeguard these standards. As successful trial data from high volume centers transform into real-world experience, we must continue to re-evaluate cost-effectiveness, strike a balance between sufficient case volumes to maintain clinical excellence vs the burden and burnout associated with call responsibilities, and improve access to care for all.

Introduction. The ongoing transformations of institutes for assessing the qualifications of medical specialists lead to ambiguous consequences, including the phenomena of their dysfunction. The aim of the study is to systematize the factors influencing the formation of the dysfunctions on the examples of the institute for accreditation of medical specialists and their certification for a qualification category. Material and methods. The concepts of continuing education and continuing professional development, formulated under the auspices of the United Nations, served as the theoretical basis of the study. They were the basis for the analysis of the factors causing deviations from these processes, that is, the dysfunction of the institutes for assessing the qualifications of medical professionals. The information of two sociological surveys of medical specialists employed in the system of the Moscow Healthcare Department was used, namely, a sample questionnaire survey and a survey by the method of expert interviews. Results. The factors of dysfunction of the institute of accreditation of medical specialists were identified on the basis of an analysis of the practice of continuing medical education (CME), introduced as an integral element of the transition from the institute of certification to the institute of accreditation. The main attention is paid to the shortcomings of the CME, which cause the dysfunctions of this institute. It is revealed that they are caused by an insufficiently debugged organization of the CME. The study of the work of the institute of certification for a qualification category showed that its main function, namely, ensuring permanent professional development above the accreditation level, has significantly weakened. This is confirmed by the statistics of a decrease in specialists undergoing both primary and secondary certification. One of the main factors is a violation of the incentives for professional growth. Discussion. The problems of dysfunction of qualification assessment institutes are mainly because the coordination of their elements is not sufficiently observed in the work of these institutes. Within the framework of the accreditation institute, this is reflected in the fact that the distribution of responsibilities between all the subjects of the CME is poorly coordinated. And in the work of the institute of certification for a qualification category, its fundamental differences from the institute of accreditation are erased, mainly due to symbolic surcharges for the type and attempts to replace them with incentive payments common to both institutes. Conclusion. The factors of dysfunction of the institutes for assessing the qualifications of medical specialists are systematized into main and concretized (as forms of manifestation of the main factors). The necessity of joint responsibility of the subjects of the CME for its quality, adequate to ensure the basic level of qualification, and strengthening the financial and career incentives for professional growth above the basic level, is substantiated.

This study attempts to provide a general overview on the use of accounting information in Albania. An extensive use of accounting information by different stakeholders would be a testimony of the quality and reliability of accounting information, but the opposite would indicate otherwise calling for improvement in the area of financial reporting. Data are collected by means of a questionnaire. All respondents are certified accountants, members of the biggest and most prominent-certified accountants association in Albania. The questionnaire reveals that in general accounting, information is not heavily used neither by entities’ management nor by other users. Surprisingly, users of accounting information that are closest to the entity use it very little or not at all, raising big questions on the quality and trustworthiness of accounting information. The study is just an initial assessment of the perceived usefulness of accounting information in Albania. The questionnaire is addressed to certified accountants who answer on behalf of their client companies. The study investigates the usefulness of accounting information as perceived by various stakeholders in Albania. Even though this is a well-researched topic worldwide, to the knowledge of the authors there are no such studies in Albania.

Purpose This study aims to explore the challenges of getting halal certification for restaurants in north-eastern Thailand. Design/methodology/approach Qualitative research approach was adopted to analyse the collected data. The research procedures and the interview questions were examined by the Ethics Committee for Research involving human subjects. In total, 10 restaurant owners were interviewed. Then, the interviews were transcribed, coded and grouped by using thematic analysis while the ATLAS ti. software was used for qualitative data analysis. The theme was finalised by three intercoder agreements. Findings The three challenges of obtaining halal certification among restaurants in north-eastern Thailand were the complicated process of getting halal certification, lack of restaurant owner commitment and high halal certification fee. Research limitations/implications The number of halal-certified restaurants are limited. Some restaurants refused to renew halal status but their information is still displayed on the halal authority website. Not only the number of restaurants but also time-limited. Further, a quantitative phase for prioritising was suggested. Practical implications The study can be beneficial to the halal authority and business holders as the two main stakeholders. The findings can be used to plan or develop halal strategies to increase the quality of halal restaurants. As informants mentioned common challenges, the findings could be applied as guidelines for a new business holder keen on halal implementation. Originality/value This research demonstrated the challenges of halal certification in a non-Muslim country, focussing on the north-eastern region of Thailand. The findings will add value to a potential business area. Therefore, the highlighted challenges could provide a novelty and be useful for Muslim marketing.

The 40th anniversary gemstone is traditionally a ruby – the stone of kings and queens. The Latin derivative is “ruber” which means red (the deep color of the stone). Rubies are thought to have an eternal inner flame or fire that in many global cultures symbolizes nobility, purity, and passion. The ruby is believed to promote health and knowledge as well as love and compassion. It has also been connected to improved energy, creativity, motivation, and goal setting. Does this sound like the GAPNA mission, vision, goals, and experience you know? A gathering of inspired and dedicated gerontological nurses founded this organization in 1981 and it has been growing stronger and burning brighter with recognized influence every year. This article highlights the last decade of work and accomplishments that have occurred from the passion of individuals working with older adults. GAPNA has forged ahead as visionary leaders in the care of older adults; creative in approaches to meeting the needs through certification and leadership opportunities. Health policy is a dedicated advocacy focus for advanced practice nursing and older adults, making the world a better place for aging and quality health care access and equity. This article will remind you or acquaint you with some of the accomplishments in the last decade. The authors hope the outcome of reading the article will delight you, but also motivate you to become actively engaged with the organization in the next years as GAPNA heads toward becoming golden.

PurposePrevious life cycle assessments (LCAs) of buildings and building components show a broad range of values for the impact of maintenance and replacement, some highlighting these operations as major hotspots while others consider them insignificant. This article highlights methodological aspects explaining this discrepancy. The influence of three aspects is investigated further in a case study of façade materials: the reference study period (RSP), service life data, and the use of a round-up number of operations or annualized impacts.MethodsA comparative LCA of seven façade alternatives is carried out as an illustrative case study. For each alternative, global warming potential (GWP) is calculated using three possible RSPs, four possible material service lives (one from industry practitioners and low, standard and high values from a generic database), and two possible calculation methods (round-up or annualized impacts).Results and discussionWhile the same façade alternative had the lowest GWP in all cases, different methodological choices significantly affected the GWP and respective ranking of other alternatives. Some alternatives showed a significant increase in GWP over longer RSPs, while others were still dominated by the impact of initial production after 200 years. In nearly all cases, generic service life data lead to a higher GWP than data from industry practitioners. Major discrepancies were found between generic and practitioner data in some cases, e.g., for the brick façade. In most cases, annualized impacts led to a slightly lower (or equal) GWP than using a round-up number of operations. However, when a major operation happens shortly before the end of the RSP, the annualized method leads to considerably lower GWP.ConclusionsMaintenance and replacement are rarely significant over a 50-year RSP but sometimes become hotspots over longer RSPs. Using round-up operations or annualized impacts does not make much difference in average, but leads to significantly different results in specific cases. As building LCA enters certification and regulation, there is a need to harmonize such methodological choices, as they affect LCA results, hotspot identification, and recommendations. Discrepancies in service life data also call for the gathering of reliable data.

International audience; Aim: To assess nurses’ ability to observe newborn behaviour after in situ training provided by caregivers with advanced practice certification in the Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program (NIDCAP).Design: Prospective observational study.Methods: Twelve nurses viewed 20-min films showing the behaviour of 10 premature newborns before, during and after the usual caregiving. The behaviour was rated on an observation sheet with 88 items distributed into six systems. The responses were compared to the reference ratings established by two professionals certified for this programme.Results: Despite less accurate observations during care and for some components, the nurses generally showed a satisfactory ability to observe newborn behaviour after training by NIDCAP expert professionals. The dissemination of observation skills among caregivers may result in an improved quality of patient care and better communication among professionals in a department of neonatology.

The fact that the rate of economic and technological growth is increasing rapidly and creates new challenges for accountants in improving the quality of the audits produced. This study purposes to determine the effect of professional skepticism, competence and independence on audit quality with objectivity as a moderating variable. This type of research includes hypothesis testing. This type of research includes hypothesis testing using primary data, namely by distributing questionnaires to accountants who are registered as members of the Indonesian Institute of Certified Public Accountants (“IAPI”). The sample obtained is as many as 400 respondents. The data is processed using SPSS. The analytical method of this study uses multiple linear regression. The result showed that the variables of professional skepticism and competence have a positive effect on audit quality, while independence has no effect on audit quality. The interaction between the variables of professional skepticism and competence with objectivity shows that objectivity does not moderate the effect of professional skepticism and competence on audit quality. Whereas the interaction between the independence variable and objectivity showed that independence moderated the effect of independence on audit quality.

Background As an important organizational feature, the nurse work environment has been associated with increased work effectiveness, reduced patient safety issues and improved care quality. However, the mechanism underlying this association remains unexplored. Aim To assess the mediating role of interprofessional collaboration in the relationships between nurse work environment, select patient safety outcomes, and job satisfaction. Methods This cross-sectional, descriptive study used five standardized scales and included 881 clinical nurses employed in select teaching hospitals in Oman. Results Nurses who worked in teaching hospitals in Oman perceived their work environment as highly favorable. Nurse work environment was directly and indirectly associated with nurse-assessed quality of care, adverse patient events, and job satisfaction, through interprofessional collaborations. Conclusion Findings of the study suggest that enhancing nurse work environments can be a potential strategy to foster interprofessional collaboration and improve job satisfaction and patient safety outcomes. Implications for nursing management Organizational strategies to improve patient safety outcomes and job satisfaction in nurses can be facilitated by improving nurses' work conditions and enhancing interprofessional collaboration through supportive leadership, theory-driven approaches, obtaining hospital accreditation/certification, and relevant workplace policies.

Introduction: Accreditation is a crucial component that stresses patient safety and service quality. The goal of this study was to fill in the gaps by evaluating the impact of accreditation in primary and secondary public health care settings. Materials and Methods: A survey questionnaire was used to perform this cross-sectional study from July 2017 to July 2018. The study used a positivist paradigm, examining quantitative indicators before and after the certification procedure to determine the influence of accreditation. Materials and Methods: Due to the fact that the data were not normally distributed, the variables were measured on an ordinal scale, the observations from both groups were independent of one another, and the distribution of the variable was similar in each group, the Kruskal– Wallis test was used to determine statistical significance. Results: The mean score for components spanning structural, procedural, and outcome domains has been calculated for certified and non-accredited hospitals. Certified hospitals have higher median values for all structures in primary health-care facilities than non-accredited hospitals. Most of the constructs have a lower or equal median value in accredited secondary care facilities than in non-accredited facilities. Conclusion: Accreditation has the potential to have a positive impact on the entire facility. Nonetheless, authorities must see accreditation as a way of holistic and continual reform if they are to ensure the intended outcome from this lengthy and costly procedure. Keywords: Accreditation, Healthcare, Hospitals, Certified hospitals

Australian elections are digitising. Electronic ballots, electronic certified lists, electronic scrutiny, and electronic data are becoming part of the electoral status quo. The digitisation of elec...

The increased focus on professional-led, continuous health care improvement has not produced formalized processes for identifying, recognizing, and rewarding excellence in quality improvement. Moreover, the team-based nature of improvement requires a mechanism to document interprofessional contributions. In 2018, the authors created a health care improvement portfolio to document and demonstrate individual impact for the purpose of promotion. A draft portfolio was developed from a review of the literature and publicly available quality improvement and educational portfolios. The portfolio was further refined through a 2-round, modified Delphi consensus process with a panel of interprofessional experts across North America. In the first round, 35 panelists gave feedback through open-ended comments on the design and content of the portfolio. In the second round, 34 panelists rated the comprehensiveness and clarity of the portfolio on a Likert scale of 1-9 (1 = lowest, 9 = highest) and provided comments. Consensus was defined as an average score over 8.0. Panelists in the second round achieved consensus, with average scores of 8.4 in comprehensiveness and 8.3 in clarity (range 6-9). The finalized portfolio includes the following sections: personal statement; health care improvement training and certification; leadership and administrative roles; health care improvement project activities; health care improvement coaching, teaching, and curricular activities; health care improvement honors, awards, and recognitions; and supporting documents. The portfolio facilitates the documentation of health care professionals' contributions to and impact in health care improvement and covers the breath of interprofessional health care improvement (i.e., projects, leadership, education, scholarship). The portfolio can be tailored to an individual's area of specific expertise. While this portfolio was originally developed for interprofessional faculty at academic institutions, the content and structure of the portfolio is easily adapted for health care providers in other health care settings.

Theories of market-based school reform suggest that teacher labor markets may be inefficient, and perhaps inequitable, because union contracts, tenure protections, and government regulation limit school autonomy over hiring, evaluation, compensation, and working conditions. In a less restrictive setting, schools could incentivize performance by selectively retaining and rewarding better-performing teachers. We test this empirically by comparing teacher exits in the deregulated market of New Orleans with exits in neighboring traditional public school districts. Our results suggest that the relationship between teacher performance and retention is stronger in the New Orleans market setting than in similar traditional school districts. We also find positive associations between annual salary increases and performance, but only when teachers transfer from one charter school to another. While teacher retention is more closely tied to performance in New Orleans, this did not yield a net gain in teacher quality, relative to neighbors. New Orleans had much higher teacher turnover, and we find the large numbers of teachers who had to be hired annually in the city had lower value-added than the entrants in comparison districts.

The article considers the possibility of the development of public-private partnership in the field of vocational education and substantiates its necessity for high-quality training and further employment of specialists in accordance with the requirements of the modern labor market. The aim of the study is to identify new trends in the training of competitive graduates of technical and vocational education (VET) and higher education institutions (HEI) in the conditions of modern economy using public-private partnership (PPP) mechanisms. The research methodology includes general scientific and theoretical research methods. Methods of tabular representation of data is used as statistical tool. Originality of the research is that it is relevant and necessary to develop new model of training young specialists, involving the implementation of educational, research, innovative and entrepreneurial, spiritual and moral activities that meet modern trends. The authors carried out the analysis of the level and quality of training of national personnel in terms of ensuring the future needs of the labor market of the Republic of Kazakhstan and identified the advantages of using public-private partnership mechanisms in improving the skills, employment, retraining of future specialists. The paper was prepared within the grant project of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan AP08957434 “Development of a system of evaluation and certification of professional competences of experts of PPP in Kazakhstan in accordance with international standards and advanced technologies”.

Global demand for organic foods outstrips supply creating a gap that developing-country producers may be able to capitalize on to expand market shares. In many African countries, the domestic marke...

Honey is a hype product as immunity booster in the health shock covid-19. Unbalance of supply and demand has raised the price and made the consumer could not afford it. Besides that, global issue about unoriginal honey which spreads in society has made the consumer has negative stigma on SMEs honey product because it does not have complete food safety certification as commercial company. Objective of the research was to increase the consumer trust through originality assurance for honey product from traceability system. The research is a case study with FGD method and then followed by Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) analysis and Business Process Notation as solution. Result of the research showed that the distribution aspect has great power to affect the stakeholder and logistic aspects, due to success of both aspects are determined by distribution aspect. While the stakeholder aspect does not have any power to affect other aspect because if the business system has correct SOP, then both aspects will have appropriate supply chain management. Therefore, the solution is business process improvisation, so that to increase the trust local brand for honey product, it must be optimized through recording system of customer journey, so that the producer could trace the barrier and enabler factors about perspective of the honey originality

El propósito de este trabajo es compartir el conocimiento con aquellas PyMEs y empresas familiares que estén dispuestas a hacer un cambio y dar paso a la profesionalización. En primera instancia se realizó un diagnóstico de profesionalización en la empresa caso de estudio, mediante el cuestionario desarrollado por Luna, Castillo y Romero (2018); en donde la empresa conoce la posición en la que se encuentra y se deducen las áreas de oportunidad de mejora para trabajar. El cuestionario aborda temas como la delegación de responsabilidades, la estandarización de labores y la descripción de puestos. La importancia de los resultados del estudio reside en que indican como la implementación de un sistema ERP aportan valor a la empresa, facilitando el trabajo administrativo al o los gerentes e incitan a procesos de certificación que agregan valor al producto o servicio.

Formal educational institutions have an important task to prepare quality Indonesian human resources (HR) in the future. In this school education environment, professional teachers hold the main key for improving the quality of future human resources (HR) and teachers are professionals who carry out the main tasks and functions of improving the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of students as Indonesian human assets for the future. In the process of quality education, it is an obligation and obligation that is required for every school, to have certified teachers so that education can increase and can affect student achievement. Decision-making system as a set of model-based procedures for data processing and assessment. to assist schools in determining teachers who are eligible to receive certification with criteria namely pedagogic, personality, social, professional. The purpose of this research is to help decision makers in the selection process easily and quickly. The simple additive weighing (SAW) method to provide decisions on the selection process for submitting teacher certification. The system developer method uses the waterfall method. An educator certificate is a requirement for proof that teachers meet educational professional standards.

International audience; Purpose: In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the American Center for Reproductive Medicine (ACRM) transitioned its annual training in assisted reproductive technology (ART) from a hands-on, laboratory-based training course to a fully online training endorsed by the American College of Embryology. Here we describe our experience and assess the quality of an online training format based on participant outcomes for the first three modules of a planned series of online ART training.Materials and methods: These modules included manual semen analysis, sperm morphology and ancillary semen tests (testing for leukocytospermia, sperm vitality, and anti-sperm antibody screening). The virtual format consisted of lecture presentations featuring laboratory protocols with corresponding video demonstrations of routine techniques and best practices. Practical scenarios, troubleshooting, and clinical interpretation of laboratory results were also discussed. At the end of each module, an optional multiple choice question test was held as a prerequisite to obtain certification on the topics presented. Course quality was assessed using participant responses collected via online surveys.Results: The digital delivery methods used were found to have largely or completely met the participants' expectations for all questions (>85%). The majority (>87%) of the participants either strongly agreed or agreed that the course content was well-structured with appropriate depth, and that their overall expectations of the course had been met.Conclusions: This training format appears to be a realistic teaching option to freely share highly specialized expertise and technical knowledge with participants from anywhere in the world with varying levels of competency or experience.

Purpose To evaluate reviewers’ timeliness and review quality for the International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics (IJROBP) by sex and seniority. Methods and Materials The IJROBP editorial office provided data on 3962 individuals invited to review manuscripts from 2011 through 2014. We identified 1657 reviewers who had been invited to provide a review on at least 3 occasions during the study period and compared review timeliness and scoring between male and female reviewers. We confirmed the reviewers’ sex after having unblinded their names based on our personal acquaintance with them and via an Internet search on their department websites. We then did a subset analysis of 124 US-based reviewers who had returned a “major revision” decision. We used the Review Quality Instrument (RQI) to rate their reviews. We used odds ratios and t tests to look for differences in mean RQI scores and factors that might be associated with quality—in particular, Hirsch indices (h indices) and year of first certification. Results Of the 1657 reviewers of interest, 1245 (75.1%) were men and 412 (24.9%) were women. We found no statistically significant differences between men and women in the time to respond to invitations. There were no statistically significant differences in timeliness or review reminders based on sex. Our subset analysis showed no difference in quality (RQI scores) based on the reviewers’ sex, h index, or year of first certification. Conclusions Women and men render reviews of equal quality regardless of seniority and h index, yet women have been invited less frequently to review. This is likely because of the underrepresentation of women in radiation oncology. A more balanced academic population is needed to address this continuing disparity of women's representation in academic publishing.

Teacher education programmes, nationally and internationally, are unique both at the undergraduate and graduate levels. Specifically, in the Bahamian educational system, they are designed to produce certified K-12 teachers who demonstrate academic and professional excellence in a variety of subject areas. These programmes incorporate a theoretical component and a culminating practical experience that requires pre-service teachers to be evaluated on the quality of their teaching. Normally the culminating experience has been completed in the traditional face-to-face setting. However, the onset of COVID-19 resulted in an immediate imposition of a virtual teaching practicum. This integrated literature review explores the challenges pre-service teachers faced and the support systems they needed during a virtual teaching practicum and addresses implications for practice in a Bahamian setting.

Background The United States has experienced substantial consequences associated with the opioid epidemic. One such consequence has been an increased need for patients who misuse opioids to interface with health care professionals. As such, it is important to understand physician attitudes toward and experiences with this patient population. The goal of this paper is to assess the extent to which physicians hold negative attitudes toward patients who misuse opioids and whether this patient population receives differential treatment. Methods Using a mixed methods design, we surveyed board-certified physicians in Ohio regarding their attitudes toward patients who misuse opioids as well as their observations of bias toward these patients in health care settings. Results Our findings suggest that negative attitudes toward patients who misuse opioids are common among physicians as were personal experiences of bias toward this patient population. We also found that physicians rationalized treating these patients differently and perceived barriers to achieving more equitable treatment. Finally, some physicians expressed a desire for additional training and resources to reduce bias. Conclusions Negative attitudes toward patients who misuse opioids may serve as a critical barrier to patients accessing care in areas heavily affected by the U.S. opioid epidemic.

This publication highlights the most important issues of the enterprise quality management system. The influence of the product quality management system on its competitiveness was analyzed. The development of the prod-uct quality management system was studied, as well as the principles of formation and functioning of quality systems that affect the competitiveness of the enterprise were substantiated.It is proved that competitiveness strengthening is extremely important in the system of large-scale globalization because business leaders are not always able to adapt quickly to modern changing conditions of the business environment, which poses a great threat to further effective op-eration of the enterprise. To do this, modern concepts of quality management, the basic principles of the quality man-agement system, as well as external and internal factors that affect product quality were analyzed. It is substantiated that the primary task facing the company's management is to develop measures for the implementation of a certified quality system. This will ensure a higher level of trust among consumers and partners compared to other companies, thereby strengthening its competitive position in the market. It also shows what advantages this implementation pro-vides to domestic enterprises in practice. The main directions of improving product quality management at enterprises through the implementation of a quality management system that meets ISO standards and the use of integrated quality management systems in the practice of domestic enterprises were proposed. This in turn will strengthen the competitive advantages of the enterprise through the application of systemic and process approaches to enterprise management, attracting investment in intellectual capital, provide the companies with a better market position, and thus contribute to the development of regions where such companies are located.

When there are teacher shortages, emergency certification allows individuals with a bachelor’s degree to enter the profession without having undergone formal education training or preservice preparation. Despite its widespread use in the United States, emergency certification is a poorly understood human resource process. Little is known about how principals perceive and assign meaning to the credential, how they engage with emergency credentialed teachers during the hiring phase, and, in turn, how they incorporate these teachers into the school environment after hire. This study draws on credential theory and uses qualitative methods to investigate school leaders’ perceptions of emergency-certified teachers in Oklahoma. Findings from this study shed new light on the use of emergency credentialing by highlighting school leaders’ mixed feelings about the policy and the challenges and limitations of providing necessary support systems for emergency-certified teachers. By illuminating the costs of emergency certification, findings offer implications for policy and practice.

The purpose of this essay is to share the good practices installed in the virtual postgraduate programs of the Universidad Arturo Prat (UNAP), Chile associated with the continuous evaluation of quality processes. Our focus is on the continuous improvement of good practices through the accreditation process with the Latin American and Caribbean Institute for Quality in Distance Education (CALED) and the self-evaluation that the institution carries out to deliver quality service. The methodology used in this work is the documentary review and description of experiences under a qualitative approach. The results reveal that the UNAP has promoted the self-evaluation and international certification of its programs, in a context of normative change in Chile, which establishes new criteria and standards under the new Law of Higher Education Nº v 21.091, in wich are recognized as good practices: the institutional policies, the planning of the self-evaluation process, the updates of the technological platform, the virtual education enviroment, the virtualization adequate to the context, the active-participative academic actions, the rol of the teacher and the student, the academic training, as well as the components of the self-evaluation process, that must be constantly monitored and evaluated, in order to deliver quality services in the training of people participating in graduate programs under the virtual learning modality.

BACKGROUND A popular paradigm to support surgical education for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is partnering with high-income country (HIC) surgeons. These relationships may, however, be asymmetric and fail to optimally address the most pressing curricular needs. We explored the effectiveness of our LMIC-HIC educational partnership. METHODS Through a partnership between a HIC (Canada) and a LMIC (Uganda), three candidate surgeons were commissioned for a custom designed 1-year training experience at our HIC accredited pediatric surgical training centre as part of their overall formal education. The training curriculum was developed in collaboration with the LMIC pediatric surgeon and utilized competency-based medical education principles. A Likert and short-answer survey tool was administered to these trainees upon completion of their training. RESULTS All prescribed milestones as well as specialty certification by examination of the College of Surgeons of East, Central and Southern Africa was achieved by participating fellows, each of whom have begun clinical practice, leadership and teaching roles in their home country. Although several obstacles were identified by fellows, all agreed that the experience boosted their clinical and teaching abilities, and was worth the effort. CONCLUSION This endeavour in global pediatric surgical training represents a significant innovation in surgical education partnerships and would be reproducible across different surgical subspecialties and contexts. Such collaborative efforts represent a feasible upskilling opportunity towards addressing global surgical service capacity. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V.

Purpose This paper aims to intend to ascertain whether corporate social responsibility (CSR) can serve as an effective promotional tool for the Malaysian halal certified companies in the era of Covid-19 pandemic. Starting from being nice to do, the emergence of the Covid-19 pandemic has brought CSR to the forefront of businesses, forcing them to rapidly shift from profit maximisation to business preservation. Thus, it is practically crucial to ascertain whether CSR could be effectively used to promote halal brands in this era. Design/methodology/approach To achieve the stated aim, a survey questionnaire was developed and used to collect data from 295 participants who are familiar with the concepts of CSR and halal in Malaysia. The data collected were analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings The findings reveal that the commitment to halal best practices, zakat and charitable donations, environmental responsibility, employee welfare and responsible dealings with clients are the most important CSR activities that can promote halal certified companies in the era of Covid-19. Whilst there is a positive relationship between halal economic responsibility and CSR as a promotional tool, such relationship is not significant. Nevertheless, the relationship between legal responsibility and CSR as a promotional tool is negative and insignificant. Research limitations/implications Limitations are inevitable in any study where a convenient sampling technique is used. Respondents from Klang Valley in Malaysia make up a large proportion of the study’s sample. This may consequently limit the generalisability of the findings of this study. Hence, future research should adequately collect data from other cities in Malaysia. Moreover, this paper does not differentiate between perceptions of Muslims and non-Muslims or between male and female; this might have an effect, as Muslims are likely to favour most of the items in the questionnaire used to collect data for this study. Thus, future research may collect sufficient data to shed more light on this issue. Originality/value The researchers have revealed that CSR is an effective promotional tool for the Malaysian halal certified companies in the era of Covid-19 pandemic. Study of this nature is rare in academic literature.

Halal certification does not only mean not only the food served halal but also the entire process must be halal as well. Therefore, Halal certification is important in the aspect of Indonesian and Malaysian food industry especially in the Halal Restaurant. This study objective is to understand the influence of Restaurant’s attribute Restaurant and extrinsic on consumer’s attitude and subscribing of the Halal Restaurant from Malaysian and Indonesian consumers. In addition, this study expecting the result comparison between Bogor and Kota Kinabalu respondent. This study used 200 respondents in total; each city received half of the targeted number of respondents. This study used quantitative method to reach respondents; they are Muslims who wanted to consume Halal food and beverages. The result shows that, among Muslims, we found the different perception towards subscribing Halal Restaurant , we considered that Bogor respondents only give attention in Restaurant service quality attributes when they are subscribing Halal Restaurant Meanwhile, this study found that Kota Kinabalu respondents are very consider about quality, value, and risk. The point of this result is even they are same religion; they still have different perspective and perception.